Describe the location of the compartments of the dry cargo ship St. 1300. Dry cargo ships. Motor ships of this project

There were three refrigerators in total on the Volga. They have a brine cooling system for six holds and ammonia machines. The ships were intended for transporting perishable products and storing them during the winter period in the ports of large cities.

Refrigerated motor ship "Admiral Makarov"

Refrigerated motor ship "Admiral Makarov"

The ST type dry cargo ship was built in 1949 in the GDR. The ships were transferred to the USSR, among other reparations, as a result of agreements between countries after the end of World War II.

Dry cargo ship type "ST"

Dry cargo ship type "ST"

The lead motor ship "Volgo-Don 1" had 4 holds, and "Volgo-Don 7" already had one common open hold.

Dry cargo ship "Volgo-Don" type

The dry-cargo double-hull motor ship "Brothers Ignatov" was intended for the transportation of containers, cars, perishables and other deck cargo.Dry-cargo double-hull motor ship "Brothers Ignatov". Operation area: sea and inland waterways of Russia.

Dry cargo double-hulled motor ship "Brothers Ignatov"

Dry cargo ship "Captain Ruzmankin"

The mixed-sea dry cargo ship "Professor I.I. Krakovsky" is single-deck with a double bottom and sides, residential and service superstructures in the stern. The vessel is built as an "M" class for the transportation of general cargo, coal, grain, timber and mineral construction materials.

Multi-sea dry cargo ship "Professor I.I. Krakovsky"

Technical design 566 of the first shallow-draft tanker was developed by TsKB-51 in 1953. Based on the studied experience of the first ships of this series during the construction of tankers, it was possible to study the shortcomings identified on the first tankers.

Marine shallow-draft tanker "Engineer A. Pustoshkin", 1957

Intended for transportation of petroleum products of all classes along the river and with access along the Volga-Baltic Waterway named after. Lenin to St. Petersburg and seaports. Tankers of the "Los" type were produced in the 50s of the twentieth century.

Liquid motor ship "Los"

Liquid motor ship "Los"

The motor ship of shell construction was intended for the transportation of oil cargo of all classes and dry cargo.

Shell design motor ship

A model of a dry-cargo motor ship of the “50 Years of Soviet Power” type was made and donated to the museum by V.I. Pakin, a student of the mechanical faculty of the State Institute of Internal Transport. in 1983.

Dry cargo ship of the type "50 years of Soviet power"

The dry cargo ship "Leninsky Komsomol" was built in 1978 in Portugal and arrived on the Volga in the spring of 1979.

Mixed river-sea motor ship, 1978

Dry cargo ship "Leninsky Komsomol"

Mixed river-sea motor ship "Leninsky Komsomol"

In 1980, a composite motor ship "XXVI Congress of the CPSU" with a carrying capacity was built in Navashino. 11.4 tons. Then a series of composite motor ships of the Volzhsky type came out.

Composite dry cargo ship for transportation of bulk cargo "XXVI Congress of the CPSU"

Dry cargo container ship "Tarkhany". The ship is equipped with Engel rudders, with which you can make a turn almost on the spot. The first ship arrived on the Volga in May 1978.

Dry cargo container ship "Tarkhany"

Dry cargo container ship "Tarkhany"

The dry cargo container ship "Bakhtemir" was built in the German Democratic Republic in 1977. The ship is equipped with Engel rudders, with which you can make a turn almost on the spot.

Dry cargo container ship "Bakhtemir"

Floating pumping stations were designed and built for irrigation of lands in arid regions (Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions) of the country. Maximum amenities were available for operating personnel.

Floating pumping station

The sea railway ferry "Soviet Azerbaijan" was operated on the Baku-Krasnovodsk line. There were 5 of them in total: Soviet Turkmenistan, Hamid Sultanov, Soviet Kazakhstan and Soviet Uzbekistan. These ferries were intended to transport not only passengers and cars, but also railway cars.

Sea railway ferry "Soviet Azerbaijan", 1962

A sinter carrier is a vessel designed to transport iron ore hot sinter from the port of Kamysh-Burun to the port of the Kerch plant. It is possible to transport general cargo, timber and containers of international standard.

Sinter carrier - a vessel for transporting iron ore hot sinter

"Vegetable carrier" is a specialized vessel for transporting vegetables and sanitary goods. On August 12, 2004, JSC Borremflot converted the first vegetable carrier into a tanker, Roskem 1, which meets all requirements for the transportation of dangerous goods.

"Vegetable carrier" - a specialized vessel for transporting vegetables and sanitary goods, 1983.

One of the oldest methods of transporting cargo is river transportation. Previously, some cargo that could float could be transported by rafting; they were simply dumped into the river and caught downstream. Today, river transportation of goods is carried out using a developed network of river transport. Although the entire territory of Russia is penetrated by large and small rivers, river freight turnover is only 4% of the total freight turnover in the country.

There are quite a lot of types of goods transported along rivers, and, basically, these are goods that do not require fast or urgent delivery. Such cargoes include grains, oil products, fuel (coal, coke), building materials (for example, river sand with delivery), that is, bulk and liquid cargo. However, river vessels can transport goods in small containers and containers, however, this depends on the type of vessel and its capacity.

(Total 14 photos)

All river vessels can be divided into twoe large categories:

1. Vessels equipped with an engine, that is, self-propelled. This includes motor ships, steamships, boats, motor boats, etc.
2. Vessels without an engine, that is, non-self-propelled. These are primarily cargo barges, as well as pontoons and other structures.

The main type of self-propelled vessel is a bulk carrier. Bulk carriers transport cargo in a hold located inside the ship's hull. As the name implies, dry cargo ships carry cargo that is not desirable to be exposed to moisture, which is why dry cargo ships are equipped with special hatches.

Among dry cargo ships, there are three types of vessels:

1. Roller (ro-ro). This vessel is equipped with vertical loading; it transports cars and other equipment.
2. Cars can enter the ship under their own power through folding bow ramps.
3. Bulk carrier. This type of vessel is designed for the transportation of bulk, non-packaged (and sometimes liquid) cargo. For example, if the cargo is river sand for delivery, then most likely it will be delivered on a bulk carrier.
4. Bulk bulk carrier. Such bulk carriers transport various types of liquid cargo, such as oil, ammonia, liquid fuel, etc.

If we talk about non-self-propelled vessels, the leader here is the cargo barge. There are several types of barges:

* Bilge (closed and open),
* Areas for bulk transportation,
* Tent,
* Self-unloading,
* Car carriers,
* Cement tankers,
And others.

However, all these types belong to dry cargo barges; there are also liquid barges.

Advantages of river transport

1. River transportation of goods has a fairly low cost, and this is a big plus for customers. Low cost is possible due to the low speed of transportation and the presence of currents on the rivers.
2. There is no need to build and, accordingly, repair transport routes, as is done for road and rail transport.

Disadvantages of river transport

1. Paradoxically, what provides the main advantage is the main disadvantage. We are talking about the low speed of river vessels and, accordingly, long delivery times.
2. Relatively weak capabilities in relation to transportation volumes.
3. Pronounced seasonality of transportation associated with short navigation. In other words, in winter the rivers freeze and ships are laid up.
4. The different depths and widths of rivers in different places and the sizes of vessels impose additional restrictions on transportation.

1. The largest displacement belongs to the Volgo-Don vessel and is 5000 tons.

Volgo-Don - river dry cargo ships designed for transporting bulk cargo (coal, ore, grain, crushed stone, etc.) along large inland waterways. Built from 1960 to 1990, one of the most massive series of Soviet river vessels (in total, up to 225 ships of various series were built).

During construction, the ships were repeatedly modified:

Projects 507 and 507A - first modifications, open hold-bunker without bulkheads

Project 507B - machines with lower power were installed (1800 hp instead of 2000 hp)

Projects 1565, 1565M - closed holds, modern superstructure

Project 1566 is a composite vessel that had a self-propelled part and a non-self-propelled barge attachment.

Open holds. The only ship was built in 1966 under the name “XXIII Congress of the CPSU”.

A further development of the project was the Volzhsky type motor ships. In the 1990s, some vessels of the Volgo-Don type were reconstructed into the river-sea type, which allowed them to enter inland seas and make voyages, for example, to the UK.

The reconstructed ships are shorter, have a higher bow and more advanced hold equipment. Vessels of projects 507, 507A, 507B and 1566 were built at the Navashinsky shipyard "Oka", Pr.1565 and 1565M - there and at the Santierul Navale Oltenita plant, Romania.

Structurally, the vessels are motor ships with a carrying capacity of 5000-5300 tons (Project 1566 - 10,000 tons with an attachment) with open or closed holds.

The length of the vessels is 138-140 m, width 16.6-16.7 m, draft 3.5-3.6 m. Main engine power 1800-2000 hp, light speed 21-23 km/h. Vessels of the Volga-Don type have been actively used and continue to be used on the Volga, Kama, Don, Volga-Baltic water system, on the Dnieper, as well as on the Yenisei below the Kazachinsky rapids. Since the 1990s, many ships, especially reconstructed ones, have been sailing in the Azov, Black, Caspian and Baltic seas.

3. PROJECT RSD44

The implementation of the project for the construction of a series of RSD-44 ships is carried out under a leasing scheme for state support of domestic shipbuilding: joint financing by the state-owned United Shipbuilding Corporation (85%) and the future owner of the ships - Volga Shipping Company (15%) on the terms of state subsidies 2/3 refinancing rates of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

The carrying capacity of the RSD44 project vessels in comparison with the Volgo-Don bulk carriers is 500 tons higher and amounts to 5.5 thousand tons; At the same time, the overall height of the new ships is 8 meters (almost 2 times lower). The ships will be fully automated and equipped with modern rudder propellers, providing high maneuverability and good controllability.

The bulk carrier "Captain Ruzmankin" was laid down at the Okskaya Shipyard on February 24, 2010 and delivered to the customer in 2011 after sea trials. The ship is named after the Volga captain Pyotr Fedorovich Ruzmankin, who died at Stalingrad in 1942.

Multi-purpose dry cargo vessel with a deadweight of 5458 tons of the "Volgo-Don max" class

The dry cargo vessel "Volgo-Don max" of the RSD44 class "Captain Yurov" made a unique voyage from Ladoga to the Southern port of Moscow with a cargo of crushed stone. At the first stage, the ship took on board 5,400 tons of cargo; upon arrival at the Northern Port, part of the cargo was loaded. Having on board 3680 tons of crushed stone and a draft of 2.80 m, the “Captain Yurov”, having a length of 140 m, passed along the Moscow River with its small radii of curvature of the ship passage under low-size Moscow bridges (overwater clearance 8.6 m) to the South Port.

The ship "Captain Yurov" was built at the Oka Shipyard (director Vladimir Kulikov): laying down on 12/28/10, launching on 10/14/11, delivered on 11/18/11.

During the 2012 navigation season, Volga Shipping Company OJSC (director Alexander Shishkin) launched all ten vessels of the new series at once.

The series can be called “the series named after the Heroes of Stalingrad” - all ten captains of the Volga Shipping Company, in whose honor and memory the ships of the RSD44 project are named, gave their lives defending their Motherland in the battles for Stalingrad.

It should be noted that the series of vessels of the RSD44 project set a record not only for the speed of construction, but also for deadweight in the river with a draft of 3.60 m (5540 tons based on the results of inclining the lead vessel and weighing the second) and speed during testing (average speed along the current and against the current during sea trials of the lead vessel was more than 12 knots).

The RSD44 project was developed by the Marine Engineering Bureau.

Class of the Russian River Register - + M-PR 2.5 (ice 20) A.

New dry-cargo vessels of the RSD44 "Volga Max" class class (length according to the waterline 138.9 m, width 16.5 m, side height 5.0 m, coaming height 2.20 m) are intended for transportation along the inland waterways of the Russian Federation of general, bulk, timber and large cargo, grain, lumber, potash and mineral fertilizers, sulfur, coal, paper, building materials, metal products, as well as up to 140 containers.

The deadweight of the vessel with a draft of 3.60 m in the river is about 5543 tons, with a draft of 3.53 m at sea - 5562 tons. The volume of cargo holds is 7090 cubic meters. m.

The operation of vessels is also envisaged along the Volga-Don Shipping Canal (VDSK), the Volga-Baltic Canal, in the Sea of ​​Azov to the port of Caucasus and in the Gulf of Finland. Passage under the Nevsky Bridges in the area of ​​St. Petersburg and under the Rostov Railway Bridge (Rostov-on-Don) is supposed to be carried out without their wiring (the maximum freeway clearance when passing under the bridges is 5.4 m).

The dimensions of the RSD44 project (overall length 139.99 m, overall width 16.80 m) make it possible to ensure the operation of ships through the VDSK, including through the “old” branch of the Kochetovsky lock without the “special wiring” mode.

Double bottom and double sides along the entire length of the “box” cargo holds (hold dimensions: hold N1 37.8 m x 13.2 x 6.22 m, hold N2 49.8 m x 13.2 x 6.22 m) and fuel, oil and waste tanks make it possible to ensure the convenience of loading and unloading cargo, high operational reliability of the vessel, and also guarantee environmental protection and reduce the risks associated with environmental pollution in the area where the vessel is operating.

The propulsion system consists of two full-rotary rudder propellers, combining the properties of propulsion devices and controls in a single complex, which can significantly improve the maneuverability of the vessel in cramped river conditions. The vessel is equipped with two medium-speed diesel engines, each with a power of 1200 kW, running on heavy fuel.

The hull shape of the vessels, made as technologically advanced as possible to ensure low cost of hull work, is at the same time sufficiently seaworthy and optimal in terms of fuel consumption for the given operating conditions in the M-PR river class, providing an operational speed of 10.5 knots.

To ensure sufficient visibility of the water surface from the vessel's steering position, the wheelhouse is located at the bow end of the vessel. When passing through narrow passages and locks, the vessel is controlled from onboard control panels installed on the open deck on each side in the wheelhouse area.

The vessels are equipped with a 120 kW propeller-in-tube bow thruster.

Due to the need to ensure the passage of ships under the Nevsky Bridges and the Rostov Railway Bridge without their wiring, single-tier residential deckhouses are provided in the stern of the ships.

The ships provide all the necessary conditions for a comfortable stay of the crew on board, including a developed climate control system and the use of anti-vibration and anti-noise coatings indoors.

Crew - 8 people, captain and chief engineer are accommodated in block cabins, the rest in single cabins.

It is interesting to note that, according to the proposal of the Volga Shipping Company, the total number of seats is 16, which will allow taking on board cadets, specialists performing equipment maintenance, as well as members of the crew’s families (wives). The latter can be a serious advantage when selecting personnel to work on a new series.

The market demand for transport services of inland water transport will not be able to be satisfied in 5-10 years due to the rapid aging and prospect of decommissioning of the fleet. The railway will also not be able to cope with the growing demand in the transport market, since it is already operating at the limit of its carrying capacity. In this regard, the problem of updating the river dry cargo fleet by building new river vessels of the “Volga Max” class to replace vessels of the “Volgo-Don” and “Volzhsky” types (in total there are 161 such vessels in Russia’s GDP, and the vessels of Project 507B have average age is about 37 years, project 1565 - 33 years, project 05074M - 22 years).

The deadweight of the vessel, project RSD44, with a draft of 3.60 m in the river, is 7% higher than that of the newest existing vessels of the Volzhsky type (project 05074M).

The surface dimension in ballast of the proposed vessel is only 5.4 m (even less when loaded), which will allow it, unlike the Volzhsky, to pass under bridges across the Neva River and under the Rostov railway bridge without raising them. As a result, the vessel will save time waiting in line for bridge construction, which amounts to up to 20 days per navigation.

The volume of cargo holds of the RSD44 project is 21% larger than that of the Volzhsky, which will allow it not only to transport large-sized cargo, but also to significantly increase the load when transporting “light” cargo - barley, sunflower seeds, cotton, scrap metal and large-diameter pipes and etc.

With the same length and width, the dry cargo vessel pr. RSD44 has a lower side height, as a result of which its module is 8% smaller than that of Volzhsky type vessels, which will save up to 8% of the total costs for port and navigation fees.

Thus, the RSD44 project vessels, serially built by the Okskaya Shipyard, represent a unique engineering complex that combines optimal dimensions for inland waterways with modern equipment and navigation technology, which has significant advantages over existing analogues.

The first vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Ruzmankin,” was laid down on 02.24.10. Launched 11/23/10. Put into operation on 05/20/11.
The second vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Zagryadtsev,” was laid down on April 27, 2010. Launched 04/12/11. Put into operation on 06/16/11.
The third vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Krasnov,” was laid down on June 26, 2010. Launched 05/05/11. Put into operation on 07/14/11.
The fourth vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Gudovich,” was laid down on August 26, 2010. Launched 05/27/11. Put into operation on 08/10/11.
The fifth vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Sergeev,” was laid down on September 29, 2010. Launched 07/15/11. Put into operation 09/07/11.
The sixth vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Kadomtsev,” was laid down on November 29, 2010. Launched 08/16/11. Put into operation on 10.10.11.
The seventh vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Afanasyev,” was laid down on December 28, 2010. Launched 09/14/11. Put into operation on 11/10/11.
The eighth vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Yurov,” was laid down on December 28, 2010. Launched 10/14/11. Put into operation on 11/18/11.
The ninth vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Shumilov,” was laid down on 05/05/11. Launched 11/22/11. Put into operation on 04/29/12.
The tenth vessel of the RSD44 project, “Captain Kanatov,” was laid down on June 22, 2011. Launched 01/18/12. Put into operation on 04/29/12.

(data as of September 2012)

The vessels were built under a leasing scheme, according to which 85% of the funds were provided by the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) as part of state support for domestic shipbuilding, and 15% was financed by the Volga Shipping Company. The terms of the scheme are that the state subsidizes 2/3 of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

And we move on to passenger ships:

River passenger ships of project 92-016 are large passenger ships designed for river cruises. This project is unique in that motor ships 92-016 are the largest river cruise ships in the world. The construction of Project 92-016 ships for our country was carried out at the Czechoslovakian shipyard “Slovenske Lodenice Komarno” in the city of Komarno. During construction, it was planned that motor ships of this project would replace motor ships of Project 26-37 on the “fast” Volga lines. The lead motor ship of project 92-016 “Valerian Kuibyshev” was laid down on the stocks in 1975. Construction of the series continued until 1983; a total of 9 motor ships of Project 92-016 were built.

The motor ships of project 92-016 delivered by the shipyard were placed at the disposal of the Volga and Don Shipping Company (the ship of the Don Shipping Company had a serious accident in 1983, after which it also entered the balance of the Volga Shipping Company). The vessels were operated on the Volga tourist routes. Today, most of the ships are used in the North-Western cruise direction; they make flights between Moscow and St. Petersburg, and short cruises from St. Petersburg. Some ships operate on the Volga tourist routes from Nizhny Novgorod and Samara, along the Volga, Don, Kama and the Volga-Baltic waterway. Initially, the design for the ships included one-, two-, three-berth cabins, each equipped with an individual bathroom, the premises of two restaurants, a cafe, salons and a cinema hall with a sliding roof.

During the operation of the ships, modernization was carried out on almost all ships: the salons were transformed into bars, the cinema rooms on the sun deck were converted into bars and conference rooms. The cabins were partially remodeled; on some ships the number of luxury and semi-luxury cabins was increased by combining several standard cabins into one. To operate in the North-West direction (Lake Ladoga and Onega), the ships are equipped with a large number of life-saving equipment (life rafts) to meet the requirements of class “M”.

Main technical characteristics of vessels of project 92-016: Vessel length: 135.8 m Vessel width: 16.8 m Vessel height (from the main line): 16.1 m Number of passenger decks: 4 Average speed: 24-26 km/h Number of main engines: 3 Power of each engine: 1000 l/s River Register class: “O” (inland waterways, rivers and reservoirs, passage through Lakes Ladoga and Onega with limited height and wavelength)

List of vessels of project 92-016

Motor ship "Alexander Suvorov"
Motor ship "Valerian Kuibyshev"
Motor ship "Georgy Zhukov"
Motor ship "Mstislav Rostropovich" (before the fire and reconstruction by Mikhail Kalilin)
Motor ship "Mikhail Frunze"
Motor ship "Semyon Budyonny"
Motor ship "Sergey Kuchkin"
Motor ship "Fedor Chaliapin"
Motor ship "Felix Dzerzhinsky"

And the longest ship in this series Motor ship Valerian Kuibyshev— four-deck vessel of project 92-016. Built in 1975 in the Czech Republic. It has a length of 137.5 m. A distinctive feature of the ship is the absence of passenger cabins on the lower deck.

Speed ​​– 24-26 km/h. Passenger capacity – 321 people.

But there is also a ship that can compete with our project:

The American rear-wheel cruise ship American Queen (built in 1995) is superior to Project 92-016 vessels in the following parameters:
Width - 27.2 m
Height - 29.7 m (primarily due to high “traditional” chimneys, but the number of passenger decks is also greater than on 92-016 - 5 decks plus a sixth promenade)
Number of passenger cabins - 222
Number of beds - 436

Mark Twain named wheeled steamships, floating down the mighty Mississippi River as "floating wedding cakes." At the end of the 20th century, a ship appeared that became the largest wheeled steamship in the history of shipbuilding. Although it is carefully hidden, the ship is literally packed with surprises of a river cruise. This is a modern ship with roots in the past. 150 years after the dawn of steamboats on the Mississippi River, " American Queen"gives its passengers a unique vision of the world.
River steamer was built in 1995 at the shipyard " Mc Dermott» Louisiana and cost the owners $65 million. When launched onto the water, it was not a traditional bottle of champagne that was broken on the beautiful river vessel, but a large bottle of Tabasco sauce, the pride of the state. The river cruise ship is included in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest paddle steamer in the world.

Several designers worked on its construction and were inspired by early steamships: “ Mayflower», « J.M. White», « Republica», « Southland" and some of their details were implemented on " American Queen" Designed by " Rodni and Co» famous for its floating casinos.
The river boat has a real steam engine. It was removed from an old steamer and fitted with modifications. This design now allows the power to be doubled by drawing steam from the boiler and using two pistons to act twice on one wheel shaft. The steam enters two low pressure cylinders, then cools and returns to the boiler. The paddle wheel is made of wood. If it hits a rock or a jar, it will break and this part can be replaced, but if this were not the case, then the accident would lead to a malfunction of the entire mechanism, which is quite expensive, and maybe even to an explosion of the steam boiler.

Although steam engine technology " American Queen"Almost two centuries old, the auxiliary mechanisms on it are from the 21st century. In addition to the paddle wheel, under the bottom of the vessel there are three steering propulsors with four-blade propellers. They can rotate around their axis. This makes the vessel very maneuverable, which is very important when moving through the narrowness of the river. They provide 60 percent of the ship's power. Naturally, if a river steamer " American Queen If he tried to move himself with one paddle wheel, he would have remained at the pier forever as a floating hotel. In the old days, fire was a constant threat to steamships, so the riverboat " American Queen» differs from others in its fireproof steel hull and steel partitions on six decks. Each of them has its own name: the first is main, the second is salon, the third is “Texas”, the fourth is observation, the fifth is promenade and the sixth is sunny.
The ship operated primarily 3-4 day cruises up the Mississippi from New Orleans. Prices were high: for a 3-day cruise - from 750 US dollars in an inside cabin, from 1200 US dollars in an outside cabin

The small draft of a large ship allows it to navigate the river without problems. The main salon is distinguished by special architectural delights. The dining rooms are arranged according to historical designs. In addition, there is a two-tier theater and a library on board named after the great writer Mark Twain. All cabins are designed in Victorian style: carpets, wallpaper and furniture are all decorated with the luxury of the period. Everything on board the ship is designed to make passengers feel like guests of one of the Victorian era houses. The menu is varied enough to suit the tastes of any passenger.

American travel company Green Line"founded in 1890, it owns several cruise ships, but the most popular remain " American Queen», « Delta Queen" recently renamed to " Majestic America" And " Mississippi Queen».

length 38.2 meters

width 6.5 meters

height 5.7 meters (without mast)

displacement 101.58 tons

average draft 1.13 meters

speed 24 km/h

The Moscow motor ships, which were born during the times of “developed socialism”, went through the heyday of the empire, the Cold War, Perestroika, the collapse of the Soviet Union and surprisingly quickly were able to adapt to the new conditions of life and economy of a huge country with almost endless potential for using its waterways. Motor ships continue to operate actively on many rivers and in many cities, most of the ships have been thoroughly modernized and operate only as banquet ships, some make excursion and pleasure cruises, and some ships continue hard regular work on passenger lines.

"Moskva" to replace "Moskvich"

Motor ships "Moskva" and "Moskvich" against the backdrop of the Moscow Kremlin

In addition, it was necessary to create a universal motor ship that would be suitable not only for passenger transportation, but also for walking and excursion routes in large cities of the country. Such a motor ship was designed in 1965 at the Central Design Bureau of the Ministry of River Fleet of the RSFSR, and in 1969 the lead ship of the Moscow-1 project was launched and successfully passed sea trials.

The R-51 project motor ship in its original design is a double-deck passenger ship with an engine room located in the stern and a wheelhouse on the upper deck, located almost to the bow.

The upper passenger deck is open, equipped with an awning along almost the entire length for protection from rain and sun. The lower deck is all-weather, fully enclosed, with large windows, panoramic glazing in the bow and transparent skylights at the sides. The upper viewing windows were installed due to the fact that the main deck is wider than the upper deck by about one and a half meters.

On the upper deck, in the factory version, hard benches were installed to accommodate passengers, and on the main deck there were soft chairs with tables. The total passenger capacity of the ship according to the project is up to 350 people, in addition, on short voyages the ship could accommodate up to 450 passengers. Like all civilian equipment produced in the Soviet Union during the Cold War, passenger ships of the Moscow type could quickly be converted into floating hospitals and ships for ferrying troops and evacuating the population, so the ships have a significant margin of reliability and capacity.

The decks are connected to each other by two passenger ladders - in the bow of the ship, next to the landing platform and in the stern of the ship. There are also two toilets for passengers and crew in the stern.

The ship is equipped with two landing pads, taking into account the expected high passenger flows on regular lines - the main one in the bow of the ship, as well as an additional landing pad in the stern of the ship. In addition, the successful design of the bow made it possible to install a gangway and disembark and embark passengers on an unequipped shore.

The engine room, located at the stern of the ship, compared to the engine room of the Moskvich, is much more spacious, with more convenient entrance and access to components and assemblies. According to the project, two main diesel engines were installed on the Moskva - either domestic 3D6N-150 or 6ChSP15/18, with a capacity of 150 horsepower each, or Czechoslovakian turbocharged Skoda 6L160PNS, with a capacity of 190 horsepower.

Two main engines, with a propeller for each engine, made controlling the ship much simpler and more efficient compared to the Moskvich, which had one main engine and one propeller. In general, working and watchkeeping conditions for the crew on Moskvushki are more comfortable: a spacious pilothouse with good visibility on the upper deck, two cabins and a galley on the lower deck.

After the small and cramped Moskvich, the new ships were happily accepted by both passengers and river boaters.

Motor ship from a postcard

The motor ship "Moscow" against the backdrop of the Kremlin, St. Basil's Cathedral and the Rossiya Hotel on a Soviet postcard issued for the 1980 Olympics

"Moskvushki" operated from all the main capital's berths - Kyiv Station, Vorobyovy Gory, Central Park of Culture and Culture named after. Gorky, Crimean Bridge, Bolshoi Ustinsky Bridge, Novospassky Bridge. The inexpensive price of tickets has made river walks along the Moscow River a very popular form of recreation among Muscovites and numerous guests of the capital of the Soviet Union.

On all ceremonial views of the capital of the seventies and eighties, postcards and calendars, the Moskva motor ships became an invariable attribute of the Moscow River, while there are practically no postcards with other passenger motor ships in the center of Moscow (with the exception, of course, of photographs with swift “winged "ships of the "Rocket" type).

By the end of the 80s, on the main capital line from Novospassky Bridge to Kievsky Station, ships ran at intervals of no more than 10 minutes and with stops at all the main piers of the city center. Also, there was a route from the Kievsky station to the west - to Krylatsky, with stops at the Ukraine Hotel, the Expo Center, in Fili and in Kuntsevo; only one “Moscow” operated on this line, making three flights a day.

“Moskvushki” also began to be actively supplied to almost all shipping companies in the country, from the Far East and Kazakhstan to the Baltic states, and then to the CMEA countries - primarily to Hungary and Czechoslovakia, as well as to Poland and Bulgaria.

Motor ships "Moscow" against the backdrop of the Hungarian Parliament building in Budapest

In the USSR, the majority of motor ships in the regions began to operate on purely passenger lines - primarily “working” crossings: on the periphery of the country, especially in its far corners, both rivermen and residents had no time for pleasure river trips. Motor ships carried hundreds and thousands of passengers a day to coastal towns, villages, hamlets and gardening communities that had no convenient connection with the mainland, and often no other road at all except the river.

Daily regular passenger flights, often on fast-flowing rivers, operating at maximum speed with high wear and tear, with numerous stops, including often approaches to an unequipped bank, have made “Moskvushki” the same river workers as “Moskvichi” have long been ", operating on hundreds of local lines. The ceremonial excursion options of the ships were not in demand in such operating conditions: when landing from an unequipped shore, crowds of passengers simply squeezed out the panoramic windows in the bow of the main deck; they were not restored, but sheets of iron were welded in place of the windows. The windows in the ceiling of the main deck were simply boarded up; shipping companies on the periphery had neither the time nor the opportunity to maintain an aesthetic appearance for the sake of the uninterrupted operation of passenger lines.

In large cities of the country: in Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, large Volga cities, motor ships served mainly walking and excursion routes and were maintained in good condition.

For Leningrad, on the basis of the “Moscow”, a vessel of the R-35 “Neva” project was designed with a reduced surface size and a wheelhouse moved to the bow of the main deck; the lead vessel of this project was built even earlier than the first “Moskva” - in 1968, and in total, until 1974, six ships of this type were produced.

Motor ship "Neva-1" in St. Petersburg

From 1979 to 1994, motor ships of the Kashtan type of projects D-055 and 90055 were built at the Zaporozhye Shipyard; these ships, both in appearance and in layout, are very close to the Moskvushkas; In total, 30 such vessels were built, most of which operate in Kyiv and other cities of Ukraine, and only one vessel, the Kashtan-23, was sold to Russia and operates in Novokuibyshevsk.

River banquet boat

After the dramatic events of 1991 and the sharp transition from a planned economy to a free market, the situation in the river industry, as in general in all countries of the former Union, is beginning to change rapidly.

The construction of a new fleet is almost completely stopped - in the absence of a centralized state order, shipping companies have neither the opportunity nor the desire to allocate funds for new ships. The last "Moscow" left the slipways of the Moscow Shipyard in 1994, after which the shipyard itself began to gradually die, living out its last days today on the territory sold for residential development.

Local passenger traffic is beginning to be curtailed at a catastrophically fast pace - neither the shipping companies nor the regions have the means to maintain the endlessly subsidized routes. Some routes are somehow replaced by motor transport, but in others there is no replacement and, following the departure of motor ships, distant villages begin to die out. In the most inaccessible regions, thanks to the efforts of local and federal authorities and the dedicated work of river workers, passenger routes were preserved. It was also possible to preserve some local routes in large cities and regions where the economic situation was not as difficult as in remote regions.

In large cities, primarily in Moscow and St. Petersburg, pleasure routes, for the most part, continue to operate, remaining a relatively profitable business, in addition, ships are gradually beginning to pass into private hands. New owners, most often, use the fleet for their own recreation, having carried out partial modernization, and then organize a business for renting out ships for various entertainment events. In the nineties, private companies almost never carried out regular pleasure flights (and especially passenger flights) on Moskvushki: renting out ships was a much more interesting, simple and profitable business, so pleasure routes continued to be serviced by local shipping companies and city ports.

New services are immediately added to the rental of ships for recreation: first of all, catering on board; in addition, to operate commercial flights, a higher level of comfort is required while simultaneously reducing the passenger capacity of the ship (carrying 250 people each and accommodating the same number of seats more not necessary), which requires a complete modernization of ships - and the Moskva motor ships turn out to be perfectly suitable for this.

Modernized motor ship "Mirage-Moscow" with an expanded stern on the superstructure, a glazed upper deck, installed double-glazed windows and air conditioning

Further, the superstructure of the ship is also subject to re-equipment: with minimal renovation, hard benches intended to accommodate passengers are simply removed from the upper deck, and their place is taken by outdoor furniture (variations from cheap country furniture to luxurious wicker). With a deeper restructuring of the vessel, the upper deck can be seriously expanded with an increase in useful area: the aft part of the superstructure, not covered with an awning, is best suited for this, which can be increased in size to the main deck both in width and in length, and on the resulting platform can comfortably accommodate several dozen additional people. As of 2018, most Moskvushkas in Moscow and St. Petersburg have an enlarged superstructure in the stern area.

In addition, some shipowners decide to expand the superstructure completely along the entire length of the hull - in this case, strengthening of individual elements of the vessel is required and is somewhat harmful to the exterior, however, the gain in usable space and comfort for guests is more decisive: when carrying out such an expansion, usually the entire the deck to the stern becomes closed and all-weather, which in the Russian climate is an important advantage. There are also versions of ship modernization in which the entire deck becomes completely closed - for example, this is how the motor ship “Moskva-177” was modernized, which since the mid-nineties has become a floating restaurant in St. Petersburg, and now operates in the capital under the name “Notte Bianca”.

New horizons of Moscow

Of interest are the Moskvushka modernization projects carried out by Passenger Port OJSC (Capital Shipping Company) at the beginning of the 21st century. The company traditionally dealt only with river cruises, and the main task of modernizing the fleet was to increase open-air seating in order to transport a maximum of passengers on the hottest days, when the demand for river cruises is maximum. To do this, on the ship “Moscow-202” the wheelhouse was moved from the superstructure to the bow of the main deck (as on ships of the “Neva” type), and an open area for 20 seats was equipped in the bow of the superstructure. On the ships “Prince Yuri”, “Moscow-74” and “Moscow-88”, an open area was equipped in the bow of the main deck instead of a closed salon; For all these ships, the aft platform of the superstructure was also additionally expanded.

Modernized motor ship "Moscow-88" with an expanded stern on the superstructure and an open area at the bow of the vessel

The banquet fleet industry continued to grow until 2008, relying first on private orders, because organizing a holiday on a ship was new to Russians, and from the beginning of the 2000s, the market began to focus on corporate clients, whose share soon became larger than private owners. The growing market required more and more fleet: Moskvushki were drawn to Moscow and St. Petersburg from the entire periphery of the European part of Russia: from Tver and Yaroslavl, Kostroma and Kineshma, Nizhny Novgorod and Volgograd, Perm and Rostov-on-Don, as well as from small rivers with declining shipping, for example, the Vyatka.

It is interesting that even after the dissolution of the CMEA, several Moskvushkas from Russia were sold to Budapest, where there was already a significant number of the Soviet small fleet (Moskvichs, Meteors, Polesye and of course Moskvas) and, under their own power, switched to Danube on the Black Sea. Also, several ships from Ukraine and “Moskvushka” in the capital of Hungary for 2018 were sold to Budapest and form the basis of the excursion fleet. Since Hungarian ships were never used as a banquet fleet, but were aimed at excursion transportation, most of the ships are in close to original condition, without rebuilt upper decks. Only engines are replaced due to difficulties in finding spare parts for 3D6N-150 and 6ChSP15/18, which is why most Hungarian ships are equipped with Raba diesel engines.

In Russia, on the contrary, until recently they did not replace engines on Moskvushkas - firstly, there were no special problems with the availability of spare parts and even new engines such as 3D6 and 6ChSP; in our country, these engines were produced at several factories and installed on a huge number of different fleets. Secondly, unlike regular pleasure flights, the wear and tear of components and assemblies when working on banquet orders is minimal, and between flights there is enough time for maintenance, and finally, for commercial charter flights, by and large, the maximum speed is not important , nor fuel consumption (new engines are naturally more powerful and more economical), so the commercial benefit from replacing engines is minimal and very extended over time. In Moscow, only Passenger Port OJSC, engaged in recreational transportation, almost completely replaced the main engines on its ships already in the “zero” years.

Motor ship "Dolphin" - "Moscow-58" restored after a fire, having lost its deck superstructure and enclosed passenger compartment

Currently, motor ships of the "Moscow" type remain the main pleasure fleet in the capital, operating both on the central lines and on the outskirts of the city. Of the several dozen shipping companies, only a few continue to engage only in the banquet business, without organizing pleasure voyages. “Moskvushki” are perfect for river trips of almost any format: from classic sightseeing cruises to gastronomic cruises.

In total, more than 400 motor ships of the “Moscow” type left the slipways of the Moscow Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Plant, most of which remain in operation today. The very first motor ship “Moskva-1”, as well as the thousandth motor ship built at the Moscow Shipyard “Moscow-24” and many other ships, both those that have undergone major renovation and have retained an almost original appearance, continue to be in operation. In 2017, the motor ship “Blagodat”, which is a deep modernization of the motor ship “Moscow-33”, began operating in the capital, so far only on banquet flights; Also interesting are the options for the renovation of ships carried out by the owners of the Hungarian motor ship “Legenda” (former motor ship “Caucasus”) and the Moscow “Praga” (former ship “Moskva-157”).

The successful commercial operation of Moskvushkas in many Russian cities, in the countries of the former USSR, as well as in Prague, Bratislava and Budapest, suggests that the beloved ships should continue to operate on river routes for many more years, and thanks to the huge potential for modernization, In the near future we will be able to see many more interesting ships created on the basis of the Moskva motor ships.

Motor ship "Grace", built on the basis of "Moscow-33"

Many lovers of river travel do not see a fundamental difference between the concepts of “ship”, “motor ship” and “steamer”. And when renting a ship, they often call it a steamship or a ship. In professional slang, it can also be “banquet cruiser”, “river liner”, “yacht-restaurant”. With regard to renting for a banquet in the waters of the Moscow basin, there is no significant difference, and in our material further we will explain the difference between these concepts and which of the proposed banquet ships will be closer to which option.

What is a ship?

In the modern understanding, a ship is a military vessel, which is a unit of the state’s navy and performs certain combat missions. In the old days, when no one knew about steamships or motor ships, all sea vessels with several masts equipped with sails were called ships. Even if they were transporting people or ordinary cargo.

Today, large civilian vessels designed to transport passengers and cargo along a specific route can also be called ships. Although their more correct name is river or sea liners. And if you want to order a ship rental in Moscow, then you will be able to use the services of a huge passenger liner that can comfortably accommodate more than 200 people - for example, ships of the Radisson or River Palace flotilla.

What moves the ship?

The main difference between a motor ship and a steamship is their engines. The ships are equipped with steam engines that use the force of steam pressure obtained by heating water to move. The steam acts on a turbine that rotates propellers or paddle wheels, due to which steamboats move along the river. Such water transport runs mainly on solid fuel - coal and sometimes wood.

The economic efficiency of steamships is very small, so these days they are practically not used and have almost disappeared from the river expanses. Therefore, if you want to rent a steamship, then most likely you will be offered a motor ship stylized as an old paddle steamer - for example, Tsarina Elena, Kolesov or Anna Karenina.

The motor ship is a modern vessel with great potential

Modern ships use internal combustion engines running on fuel oil or other liquid fuel. In them, the thermal energy obtained during combustion is converted into mechanical energy and used to rotate the propeller. In addition to diesel engines, newer ships are equipped with gas turbine, steam turbine or mixed models. Such engines have higher efficiency and greater economic efficiency.

In addition, modern ships have other advantages:

• high load capacity;
• significant power reserve;
• lower fuel consumption;
• high reliability.

All this was the reason why modern motor ships have become one of the most common types of river vessels. They can have different capacities, belong to different comfort classes, and vary in cost and appearance. And when you want to celebrate your wedding on a ship, you may be offered a beautiful sailing ship, a spacious banquet ship or a beautiful and modern panoramic motor ship.

Motor ships of project 302

The power of the ship is 3000 hp.
Displacement: 3846 tons.
Register class: "M".
Length: 129.1 m.
Width: 16.5 m.
Draft: 2.9 m.
Passenger capacity: 332 people.
Speed: 25.5 km/h.

Project 302 motor ships (type DMITRY FURMANOV, German designation 129M, vessel 129 meters) are large passenger ships designed for river cruises with the possibility of short trips to sea. A highly modified continuation of the Project 301 series of ships. The ships have one-, two- and four-berth cabins equipped with bathrooms, air conditioning and refrigerators, a restaurant, a bar, two lounges, a cinema hall, a sauna, and a souvenir kiosk. During operation, the internal equipment of many ships was modernized to maintain their compliance with modern standards. Some of them were subjected to redevelopment of passenger premises.

Spreading. Motor ships pr. 302 are operated: in Russia - on the Volga, Kama, Don, rivers and lakes of the Volga-Baltic waterway; in Ukraine - on the Dnieper with access to the Black Sea along the coast of Crimea; in China - on the Yangtze. They mainly work on tourist routes: Moscow - St. Petersburg, routes along the Volga, Kyiv - Odessa. During the non-navigation period, motor ships can be used as floating hotels. Vessels of this type were supplied to the North-Western, Volzhsky, Moscow, Volga-Don, Kama Shipping Companies of Russia, and the Ukrainian Dnieper Shipping Company. The last 3 ships of the series were delivered to the Chinese company Regal China Cruises. All vessels of Project 302 are currently in operation.

Motor ships of this project: Academician Glushkov | Ivan Bunin | Alexey Surkov | | General Lavrinenkov | Georgy Chicherin | Gleb Krzhizhanovsky | Dmitry Furmanov | Zosima Shashkov | Konstantin Simonov | Lenin | Leonid Krasin | Leonid Sobolev | Maxim Litvinov | Marshal Koshevoy | Star of the Dnieper | Mikhail Sholokhov | People's Commissar Pakhomov | Nikolay Bauman | Novikov-Priboy | Rus | Sergey Kirov | T.G. Shevchenko | Yuri Andropov

Project 301 motor ships

Motor ship power: 3000 hp.
Displacement: 3545 tons.
Register class: "O".
Built: VEB Elbewerften Boizenburg / Rosslau, Germany.
Length: 125 m.
Width: 16.7 m.
Draft: 2.8 m.
Passenger capacity: 360 people.
Speed: 26 km/h.

Project 301 motor ships (type VLADIMIR ILYICH, German designation 125M, vessel 125 meters) are large passenger ships designed for river cruises, which became the first mass series of ships of this class in the USSR. The ships have single, double and triple cabins equipped with bathrooms and air conditioning, a restaurant, a bar, two lounges, a cinema hall with a sliding roof, and a souvenir kiosk. In recent years, the internal equipment of some vessels has been modernized to keep them up to modern standards.

Spreading. Motor ships pr. 301 are operated: in Russia - on the Volga, Kama, Don, rivers and lakes of the Volga-Baltic waterway, Amur; in Ukraine - on the Dnieper with access to the Black Sea along the coast of Crimea. They mainly work on tourist routes: Moscow - St. Petersburg, Moscow - Astrakhan and other routes along the Volga, Kyiv - Odessa, as well as on shorter routes: St. Petersburg - Valaam, Moscow - Uglich, Kyiv - Kanev. During the inter-voyage and inter-navigation periods, motor ships can be used as floating hotels.

Vessels of this type were supplied to the North-Western, Volga, Moscow, White Sea-Onega, Volga-Don, Kama, Amur Shipping Companies of Russia, and the Ukrainian Dnieper Shipping Company.

Motor ships of this project: Alexander Griboyedov | Alexander Radishchev | Vissarion Belinsky | Vladimir Mayakovsky | Konstantin Korotkov | Konstantin Fedin | Kronstadt | Pyotr Tchaikovsky | Maxim Rylsky | Mikhail Lomonosov | Nizhny Novgorod | Nikolay Dobrolyubov | Nikolay Karamzin | Nikolay Chernyshevsky | Peterhof | Russia | St. Petersburg | Quiet Don | Fyodor Dostoevsky | Princess of the Dnieper

Motor ships of project 92-016

Place of construction: shipyard "Slovenske Lodeinice", Komárno, Czechoslovakia.
Length / width / draft, m: 135.8 / 16.8 / 2.9.
Number of decks: 4 (5).
Passenger capacity: 400 people.
Displacement: 4080 tons.
Power: 3000 hp
Speed: 26 km/h.
It is possible to swim in Lakes Ladoga and Onega with waves up to 2.5 x 25.

Motor ships of project 92-016 (type VALERIAN KUIBYSHEV, Slovak designation - OL400, osobna lod 400, “passenger ship for 400 people”) are large passenger ships designed for river cruises, the largest ships of this class. The ships have single, double and triple cabins equipped with bathrooms and air conditioning, two restaurants, a bar, two lounges, a cinema hall with a retractable roof, and a souvenir kiosk. In recent years, the internal equipment of some vessels has been modernized to keep them up to modern standards. In total for the period 1976 - 1983. motor ships pr. 92-016, 9 units were built. All motor ships, project 92-016, belong to the Volga Shipping Company and are operated. During the inter-voyage and inter-navigation periods, motor ships can be used as floating hotels.

Motor ships of this project: Felix Dzerzhinsky | Fyodor Chaliapin | Alexander Suvorov | Valerian Kuibyshev | Sergey Kuchkin | Georgy Zhukov | Mikhail Kalinin | Mikhail Frunze | Semyon Budyonny

Motor ships of project Q040

Ship power: 1800 hp.
Displacement: 2099 tons.
Construction: Shipyard "Korneunburg" (Austria).
Length: 110.1 m.
Width: 14.5 m.
Draft: 2.2 m.
Passenger capacity: 218 h.
Speed: 22 km/h.

Motor ships of this project: Alexander Pushkin | Vasily Surikov | Ilya Repin | Maksim Gorky

Motor ships of project Q056

Motor ship power: 2700 hp.
Displacement: 2915 tons.
Register class: "M".
Length: 115.6 m.
Width: 16.5 m.
Draft: 2.8 m.
Passenger capacity: 250 h.
Speed: 25.5 km/h.

Motor ships of projects Q-040 and Q-040A (types MAXIM GORKY and VASILY SURIKOV) are large passenger ships designed for river cruises. The ships have single, double and triple cabins, equipped with air conditioning and bathrooms (project Q-040) or only washbasins (project Q-040A, with the exception of the "Lux" cabins), a restaurant, a bar, three salons, a cinema room, a souvenir kiosk. Modifications. The modified project Q-040A differs from the original one in the absence of bathrooms (with toilet and shower) in the cabins and in increased passenger capacity. Motor ships pr. Q-040 are operated on the Volga, rivers and lakes of the Volga-Baltic waterway. They mainly work on the tourist route Moscow - St. Petersburg, as well as on shorter routes: Moscow - Uglich and others. Vessels of this type were delivered to the Volga and Moscow Shipping Companies. All vessels of project Q-040 are currently in operation.

Motor ships of this project: Alexander Pushkin | Vasily Surikov | Ilya Repin | Maksim Gorky

Triple deck:

Motor ships of project Q065

The power of the ship is 1330 hp.
Displacement: 1342 tons.
Construction: shipyard "Osterreichische Schiffswerften AG Linz Korneuburg (OSWAG)", Austria.
Length: 90.2 m.
Width: 15.0 m.
Draft: 1.6 m.
Passenger capacity: 180 h.
Speed: 22.6 km/h.

Motor ships of project Q-065 (SERGEY ESENIN type) are medium-sized passenger ships designed for river cruises. The ships have one-, two- and four-berth cabins equipped with bathrooms, air conditioning and refrigerators, luxury cabins, a restaurant, a bar, two lounges, a cinema hall, a sauna, and a souvenir kiosk. During operation, the internal equipment of individual vessels was modernized to maintain their compliance with modern standards.

Spreading. Motor ships pr. Q-065 were delivered to the Moscow and Lena Shipping Companies. Vessels of this type are operated on the Volga, rivers and lakes of the Volga-Baltic waterway, the Moscow and Lena rivers. Currently, one vessel operates mainly on tourist routes: Moscow - St. Petersburg, Moscow - Astrakhan and other routes along the Volga, two - on tourist routes along the Lena, the rest are used as entertainment centers in Moscow.

Motor ships of this project: Demyan Bedny | Mikhail Svetlov | Sergey Yesenin

Motor ships of project 588

Place of construction: "Mathias Thesen Werft Wismar" shipyard, Wismar, GDR.
Length / width / draft, m: 95.8 / 14.3 / 2.4.
Number of decks: 3 (5).
Passenger capacity: 130-230 people.
Displacement: 1548 tons.
Power: 1200 hp
Speed: 24 km/h.
Navigation is allowed in coastal areas: the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea on the line St. Petersburg - Vyborg; Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea to Dikson Island with wind force up to 6 points and wave height up to 2.5 meters; Taganrog Bay of the Azov Sea to the port of Taganrog.

Motor ships of project 588 (series I, type RODINA and series II, type COSMONAVT GAGARIN, German designation BiFa Typ A, Binnenfahrgastschiff Typ A, "river passenger motor ship, type A") - medium-sized passenger ships designed to operate on fast passenger lines and travel river cruises. One of the most successful and massive series of ships of this class in the USSR. Initially, the ships had one-, two- and four-berth cabins, including those equipped with washbasins, “Lux” cabins equipped with bathrooms, two restaurants, two salons. During operation, most of the ships were equipped with a cinema hall; on some, the equipment of the cabins was modernized to increase their comfort. Four lifeboats were also retained instead of six.

Spreading. Motor ships pr. 588 are operated: on the Volga, Kama, Don, rivers and lakes of the Volga-Baltic waterway, Yenisei. They operate on a variety of tourist routes in the Volga basin, routes Moscow - St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk - Dudinka, as well as on express passenger lines Moscow - Astrakhan, Moscow - Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny Novgorod - Astrakhan. Vessels of this type were supplied to the Volga, Kama, North-Western, Moscow, and Yenisei shipping companies. Currently, some of the vessels of Project 588 have been taken out of service, some have been decommissioned, some have been sold to various tourism and other companies.

Motor ships of this project: A.I. Herzen | Anatoly Papanov | Arabella | A.S.Popov | Alexander Nevsky | Alexander Fadeev | G.V. Plekhanov | Dmitry Pozharsky | I.A. Krylov | I.S. Turgenev | Ilyich | Ilya Muromets | Engineer Ptashnikov | K.A.Timiryazev | Kabargin | Kozma Minin | Cosmonaut Gagarin | Mikhail Kutuzov | N.V.Gogol | Alexey Tolstoy | Enchanted Wanderer | Pavel Bazhov | Peter the Great | Prikamye | Holy Rus' | Ryleev | F. Joliot-Curie | F.I.Panferov | Fedor Gladkov | Surgeon Razumovsky | Caesar | Yuri Nikulin | Valery Chkalov

Motor ships of project 26-37

Motor ship power: 1575 hp.
Displacement: 1467 tons.
Register class: "O".
Construction: shipyard "Slovenskie Lodeinice", Komarno, ČCCP.
Length: 96 m.
Width: 14.9 m.
Draft: 2.5 m.
Passenger capacity: 130-250 h.
Speed: 26 km/h.

Motor ships of project 26-37 (type OCTOBER REVOLUTION, Slovak designation MOL1575, motorova osobna lod 1575, “passenger motor ship with a power of 1575 hp”) are medium-sized passenger ships designed to operate on fast passenger lines and perform river cruises.

Initially, the ships had one-, two- and four-berth cabins, including those equipped with washbasins, “Lux” cabins equipped with bathrooms, two restaurants, two salons. During operation, all ships were equipped with a cinema hall.

Please note that in recent years, most of the ships of this series have undergone various types of modernization and improvements. The availability of cabins of different categories, amenities, and public spaces on board should be clarified for each specific ship.

Spreading. Motor ships pr. 26-37 are operated on the Volga. However, recently some of them have begun to operate voyages along the Volga-Baltic waterway to St. Petersburg.

Motor ships of this project: Afanasy Nikitin | Valery Chkalov | Ivan Kulibin | Captain Pushkarev | Professor Lukachev | Volga Dream | Nikolay Shchors | October Revolution |

Double deck:

Project 305 motor ships

Displacement: 800 tons.
Register class: "O".
Construction: Obuda plant, Budapest, Hungary.
Length: 77.9 m.
Width: 15.2 m.
Draft: 1.36 m.
Passenger capacity: 215 h.
Speed: 20 km/h.

Project 305 motor ships are medium-sized passenger ships designed to operate on passenger and tourist lines. One of the most successful and massive series of ships of this class in the USSR. The construction of motor ships pr. 305 was carried out in Hungary in 1959 - 1965. In total, over 50 units were built. The ships have single, double and four-berth cabins. Some cabins are equipped with washbasins. Showers and toilets are on the decks. There are two restaurants and two salons on the ships. 2 luxury cabins with all amenities. On a series of modernized ships, all cabins are equipped with a bathroom.

Spreading. Motor ships pr. 305 are operated: on the Volga, Kama, Belaya, Don, Oka, Moscow River, Northern Dvina, Ob, Irtysh, Lena. The vessels operate on the routes Moscow - Oka - Nizhny Novgorod - Volga - Moscow, Moscow - Ufa, Moscow - Perm and other tourist routes in the Volga basin, routes Arkhangelsk - Kotlas, Novosibirsk - Omsk, Novosibirsk - Barnaul, Blagoveshchensk - Khabarovsk - Komsomolsk -Amur and many others. These vessels were supplied to the Volga, Kama, Belsky, Moscow, Northern, Volga-Don, West Siberian, Ob-Irtysh, Lensky, and Amur shipping companies.

Motor ships of this project: Poet Tukay | Aldan | Alexander Pirogov | Alexander Sveshnikov | Alexander Shemagin | Bashkortostan | | Salavat Yulaev

Motor ships of project 646

Motor ship power: 800 hp.
Displacement: 774 tons.
Register class: "M".
Construction: Warnowwerft Warnemuende shipyard, Germany.
Length: 65.2 m.
Width: 12.0 m.
Draft: 2.2 m.
Passenger capacity: 201 (on short distances - up to 700) hours.
Speed: 22 km/h.

Project 646 motor ships (BAIKAL or LADOGA type, German designation BiFa Typ B, Binnenfahrgastschiff Typ B, "river passenger motor ship, type B") are medium-sized passenger ships designed to operate on fast passenger lines with the possibility of access to coastal sea areas. The ships have one, two, four, including those equipped with washbasins, two restaurants, two salons. During the operation of the ships, large-capacity cabins were refurbished.

The ships were named in honor of the lakes of the USSR and outstanding Russian writers. Spreading. Vessels of project 646 are operated: on Lakes Onega and Lajoga with access to the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea and the White Sea, Volga, Kama, Don, Yenisei with access to the Yenisei Gulf to Dikson, Ob ​​and Irtysh with access to the Gulf of Ob, Lena, Dnieper with access to the Black Sea to Odessa and the mouth of the Danube. They operate on the tourist route Moscow - St. Petersburg, on tourist and passenger lines along the Siberian rivers: Omsk - Salekhard, Krasnoyarsk - Dudinka, Yakutsk - Tiksi, and are also used as hotels. Vessels of Project 646 belong to the Kama, Volga-Don, North-Western, White Sea-Onega, Ob-Irtysh, Yenisei, Lena Shipping Companies, and the Ukrainian Dnieper Shipping Company.

Motor ships of this project: Mister Veliky Novgorod | Mamin-Sibiryak | Belinsky

Project 785 motor ships

Motor ship power: 1003 hp.
Displacement: 774 tons.
Register class: "O".
Construction: shipyard "Národný Podnik Škoda Komárno (Slovenské lodenice, a. s., Komárno)", Czechoslovakia.
Length: 78 m.
Width: 12.2 m.
Draft: 1.9 m.
Passenger capacity: 233 h.
Speed: 20.5 km/h.

Diesel-electric ships of Project 785 (RUSSIYA type, Slovak designation OL800, osobna lod 800, “800 hp passenger ship”) are medium-sized passenger ships designed to operate on fast passenger lines. Diesel-electric ships have one-, two-, four-berth cabins, including those equipped with washbasins, two restaurants, two salons. During the operation of the ships, large-capacity cabins were refurbished. Some ships have been heavily modernized to improve their comfort. The ships were also left with two lifeboats instead of four.

The ships were named in honor of the 16 republics of the USSR and outstanding Russian composers. Spreading. Vessels of Project 785 are operated: on the Volga, Kama, Don, Yenisei, Ob, Irtysh, Dnieper. They operate on a variety of tourist routes in the Volga basin (from Perm, Samara, Kazan), on tourist and passenger lines along the Siberian rivers: Omsk - Salekhard, Omsk - Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk - Dudinka. Some ships are used as hotels and recreation centers. Initially, many diesel-electric ships arrived on the Volga, and then, as more modern ships arrived, they were transferred to other shipping companies. Vessels of Project 785 belong to the Volzhsky, Kama, Volga-Don, Ob-Irtysh, Yenisei Shipping Companies, and the Ukrainian Dnieper Shipping Company.

Motor ships of this project: Victoria | Karelia |

Motor ships of project 26-37-315

Three-deck motor ships of Project 26-37, which underwent a complete modernization in 2005-2006. During the modernization, the cabins and public spaces were completely redesigned on board the ships. All cabins of the ship have an increased area and are equipped with all amenities (bathroom with built-in showers, air conditioning, TV with satellite reception, comfortable furniture). The interior decoration of the ships is made using modern materials, while the historical decorative elements of the ship are partially preserved and restored.

Motor ships of this project: