Whose estate is in Kuzminki. Manor Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki: history, what to see and how to get there. Interactive excursions and programs

Address: Russia, Moscow, Kuzminki-Lyublino park (Kuzminki metro station)
Main attractions: western and eastern wing, horse yard, greenhouse, temple of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God, poultry yard
Coordinates: 55°41"22.9"N 37°47"21.3"E
Object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation

The Kuzminki estate is considered one of the most beautiful estates in Moscow and the Moscow region. Previously, it belonged to the barons Stroganovs and princes Golitsyn. The plot of land on which this luxurious estate was built was given to Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov in 1702 for good service from Peter I himself. Such a generous gift meant a special attitude of the tsar towards his entourage.

Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God

The estate was built in the 18th century and was distinguished by exemplary order. The courtyard with picturesque parks, ponds, bridges and even islands has always been attractive to guests. The Kuzminki estate (the exact name is Vlakhernskoe-Kuzminki) at various times was honored with visits by Russian emperors - Alexander II, Nicholas I and Peter I.

The wife of Paul I, Maria Feodorovna, also loved to visit here. Every year, festivities were held in the luxurious estate and foreign delegations gathered. Since the end of the 19th century, the estate has become a favorite summer cottage for its owners, the architecture and park area of which were so unusual that over time the territory began to be called "Russian Versailles".

horse yard

Excursion around the estate Kuzminki

To get to the estate, you need to take the metro to the Volzhskaya station. Here, the gates with an attractive inscription “Vlakhernskoe-Kuzminki” are cordially thrown open before visitors. A road leads to the estate, laid past a cascade of ponds in the valley of the Churilikha River.

One of the main architectural monuments of the estate is the Horse Yard, built in 1805, but later rebuilt according to a new project by the best architect of that time, Domenico Gilardi. Those who wish to inspect it must go to the bridge thrown over the dam. From here you can see buildings built in the Empire style, the most fashionable architectural trend of the early 19th century.

Outbuilding

The Horse Yard complex combines several buildings. This is the stable itself, several sheds intended for carriages, and outbuildings that were used for housing. The center of this uncomplicated composition is the Musical Pavilion. Here are the best works of the sculptor Pyotr Karlovich Klodt - copies of the statues installed on the Anichkov Bridge in St. Petersburg. Klodt himself created statues for the estate, and they were cast at a factory owned by Golitsyn.

On the opposite side of the dam stands the Mill Wing, also called the House on the Dam. It appeared after 1840 on a mill plinth. According to legend, the ancient mill Kozminki - the property of the miller Kozma gave these places a similar name "Kuzminki". The mill has repeatedly undergone changes, each time becoming better and better, thanks to the skillful actions of experienced architects Gilardi, Zherebtsov, Voronikhin and Egotov.

Birdhouse (Forge)

However, later the need for a mill disappeared. In the middle of the 19th century, its upper floors were demolished, and the basement was used to build the House on the Dam. They did it under the guidance of the architect M. Bykovsky. So the former mill became a two-storey wooden building built in the tradition of the Renaissance.

Although the house is surrounded by water, it has always remained comfortable for living. The owners of the estate settled their guests here, and until 1976 the Mill wing was rented out as summer cottages. Later it housed the Veterinary Museum. And today the old building can be seen restored.

bathroom house

One of the inconspicuous corners of the estate is the Ptichnik or Kuznitsa, lost among the greenery on Zarechye Street. At one time it was the center of the Bird's Yard, intended for breeding poultry. In addition to the usual geese, ducks and turkeys, exotic species of birds also walked along it.

Initially, the Ptichnik was built of wood, but later it was rebuilt as a stone one according to the project of the architect Ivan Vasilievich Egotov. A small house, most likely, was intended for the caretaker of the Aviary. When the Napoleonic troops retreating from Moscow in 1812 started a fire, the building was seriously damaged, and the birds that lived here died.

Barnyard

Later, when the buildings began to be restored, the Poultry House was turned into a Forge, where horseshoes were forged for the Horse Yard. The building was made two-story, and the outbuildings with galleries were dismantled. Its dome was dismantled and replaced with a gable roof. In this performance, he stood until the middle of the last century. During the Soviet era, the building was used as a residential building, having made an extension around it. But in the 2000s, the Ptichnik complex was restored.

The Kitchen building, which can be overlooked due to its discreet appearance, is a real value for connoisseurs of Russian architecture. The kitchen is built in the Empire style. But if you look at it more closely, you can see many elements of ancient Egyptian architecture. For this reason, the Kitchen is also called the Egyptian Pavilion.

grottoes

Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God - the main attraction of the Kuzminki estate

The first building of the temple was built in 1716, under the Stroganovs. The wooden church got its name in honor of the family icon of the owners of the estate - Our Lady of Blachernae. However, the temple stood only until 1732 and burned down. Soon a new wooden church was erected here. After 26 years, a fire broke out again, and she disappeared in its flame. Finally, by 1762, a third stone church was built, which has survived to this day.

For a long time, the icon of the Blachernae Mother of God served as its decoration. It was written in the Blachernae monastery in Constantinople in the 7th century. The icon was brought to our country in 1653 as a gift to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. He greatly appreciated the ancient icon and took care of it.

Gardener's house. Moscow Literary Museum - K. G. Paustovsky Center

The execution of the Blachernae icon is very unusual. It was written in the rarest technique - wax mastic. In the wax layer, it contains particles of the relics of Christian saints. One of the ancient legends testifies that in 626, thanks to the divine power emanating from the icon-painting image, the enemies who came to take Constantinople by force retreated. Much later, in 1830, the miraculous shrine again showed its power in Russia. During the cholera epidemic, not a single inhabitant of Blachernae became infected.

Grottoes are a wonderful addition to the Empire manor park

The grottoes can be seen opposite the Musical Pavilion. There are two of them and they appeared immediately after the construction of the Front Court was completed. When leveling the plot of land on which they planned to build grottoes, a slope appeared on the bank of the pond. Subsequently, it was filled with artificially created "caves".

jetty

On a summer day, the grottoes became a shelter for the strolling public. The Golitsyns did not have their own theater, and performances were staged in one of the grottoes. Both guests and hosts took part in them. A large grotto was specially built near the Musical Pavilion. When music sounded there, it resonated in the cavity of the grotto, and an illusion of surround sound was created.

Museum that tells about the culture of Russian estates

You can learn about the history of the estate and its traditions in the so-called Servant's Wing, located on Slobodka. Thanks to genuine exhibits, every visitor of the museum gets the opportunity to feel the atmosphere of the 18th-19th centuries, which conveys the life of the nobles on the estate. The service wing received museum expositions in 1999. Interesting costumed excursions are held here.

Photo by *vadim* / photosight.ru

The Golitsyn estate Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki, now located within Moscow, has not always been one of the most popular Moscow parks. The beginning of the history of Kuzminki as a nascent architectural and park ensemble is usually dated to 1702, the year Peter I granted the local lands to Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov, his favorite, for faithful service to the tsar and the fatherland. Construction on these lands began under the sons of Grigory Dmitrievich - Alexander, Nikolai and Sergey. In 1716, a small wooden church grew here, which, in honor of the Stroganov family icon - the Blachernae Mother of God - was consecrated as Blachernae. It also gave the name to the nearby village.

The Stroganovs became the third family in Russia to receive a baronial title. After the death of Grigory Dmitrievich, Alexander Grigoryevich, the future chamberlain at the court of His Majesty, who received the priest's land near Moscow during the division of the inheritance, was engaged in the construction and improvement of Kuzminok. It was through his efforts that a magnificent cascade of ponds was created in Kuzminki - after the construction of a dam on the Churlikha River. Subsequently, when in 1754 Kuzminki inherited the daughter of Alexander Grigorievich from her first marriage - Anna Alexandrovna Stroganova, who married a representative of another noble family - Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn - the estate passed into the possession of the Golitsyns, whose descendants consider the estate their property to this day. It was under Mikhail Golitsyn that Kuzminki acquired the look they have now - a picturesque English Empire park with many interesting buildings and pavilions of incredible value as genuine architectural monuments of the 18th - 19th centuries.

Getting to the estate on your own is quite simple. There are several route options: from the metro station "Volzhskaya" or "Kuzminki".

Leaving the Volzhskaya station, you will see a gate with a bright sign "Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki" in front of you. Walking along the picturesque paths past a small pond that forms a cascade with the nearby Lublin pond, you will walk along an alley planted with birches past the Center for Military-Patriotic Education of Youth of the South-Eastern Administrative District and “ Museum of crews and cars».

Museum of carriages and cars

By the way, if you are a fan of antiquity in general and retro cars in particular, you should visit this museum. There you seem to be making a trip in a time machine to the Soviet Union: a huge garage-type room, where narrow shelves are closely lined with old telephones, clockwork, Soviet toys and other interesting things, makes you forget about the passage of time. In the fenced courtyard of the museum and in the building itself, several dozen cars from different eras are on display, and the building houses a collection of cars from the Auto-Review magazine. At the entrance to the museum there is a telephone booth, which is very reminiscent of Cheburashka's house.

Continuing the walk along the asphalt path, in 10-15 minutes you will come to the very complex of manor buildings. The majestic building will rise first on your way horse yard, built in 1805 and rebuilt by the famous architect Domenico Gilardi in 1823, is perhaps one of the most famous buildings in Kuzminki. In order to view it completely, it is better to go a little further, to the bridge over the dam - there you will see a majestic panorama of the water surface of the pond, above which rises an elegant complex of buildings in the Empire style, popular in the first half of the 19th century. The horse yard consists of a stable building, several buildings of sheds where carriages stood, and two residential outbuildings. All these buildings are connected by a common fence with Music pavilion, which is at the center of this whole composition.

horse yard

Music pavilion

The music pavilion is decorated with the famous sculptures by P.I. Klodt, repeating the sculptural images from the Anichkov Bridge in St. Petersburg. They were made by Klodt himself and cast at the Golitsyn factories, like their more famous "brothers".

Sculptures by P.I. Klodt

To date, both the Musical Pavilion and the Horse Yard are functioning: on weekends and holidays, concerts are held on the steps of the pavilion, and an equestrian school operates on the territory of the Horse Yard.

On the other side of the dam, there is an elegant structure, which is called just that - “ House on the dam", or mill wing.

The House on the Dam, or the Mill Outbuilding

This building, which separated the Upper and Lower Kuzminsky ponds, was erected in the 1840s, on the basement of the Kozminki mill. According to legend, the mill that was located here earlier (which, by the way, was one of the oldest local buildings) gave the name “Kuzminki” to these places, and the mill, in turn, was named after a miller named Kozma who once built it. The mill was repeatedly rebuilt, and at different times such eminent architects as A. Voronikhin, D. Zhilardi, I. Egotov and I. Zherebtsov had a hand in it. Only in the middle of the 19th century, the upper floors of the mill, which regularly supplied local residents with various varieties of wheat and rye flour, was decided to be demolished, and on its base the architect M. Bykovsky built the House on the Dam, which has survived to this day. This two-story wooden building in the Renaissance style is surrounded by water on all sides, and, despite this, it served both the owners of the estate and the Soviet authorities well: the Golitsyns lodged visiting guests here, until 1976 the house was rented out to summer residents, and after that the Museum was located here. veterinary medicine. The outbuilding has now been completely restored.

Before moving further across the bridge, to the main house of the estate, let's go back a little and look briefly into an inconspicuous at first glance corner - to the so-called poultry house, or Forge. This building is located not far from the Horse Yard, on the other side of Zarechye Street, it is not so easy to find it - it lurks among the trees.

Birdhouse, or Forge

The poultry yard in the estate has been known since 1765; it was built to keep decorative birds. In it, along with geese, ducks and turkeys, swans, guinea fowls, peacocks, Egyptian pigeons and other exotic birds walked around. Initially, the poultry house was wooden, then in 1805-1806 it was rebuilt in stone according to the project of architect I.V. Egotova. The compact central house, where the poultry keeper probably lived, was connected to two symmetrical outbuildings by semicircular wings-gallery covered with a net, in which bird aviaries were placed in the summer, transferred to the outbuildings during the cold season. In 1812, during the Moscow fire, the poultry house was seriously damaged by fire, all the birds died. During the restoration of the estate after the French invasion, D.I. Gilardi rebuilt the remains of the Aviary into a Forge, which was designed to provide horseshoes and other equipment to the nearby Horse Yard. The ensemble of the former Poultry House has undergone major changes: the outbuildings and galleries were dismantled, the central building was rebuilt into a two-story one (the forge itself was located on the ground floor, and the upper floor was given over to the blacksmith’s housing), while the magnificent dome that adorned it was dismantled, and the building was crowned much simpler gable roof. In this form, the Forge existed until the middle of the 20th century. In Soviet times, it was used for housing and was disfigured by numerous outbuildings. In the 1970s, the dilapidated building was abandoned by the residents, and, having remained ownerless, it was empty for about 30 years, continuing to collapse and gradually turning into ruins. Only by 2008, on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the family of the princes Golitsyn, the ensemble of the Ptichnik-Kuznitsa was restored according to the original project of Egotov and now pleases our eyes.

Well, we follow further, past the Mill Wing, deep into the estate. Having passed along the bridge, which is very favored by the newlyweds (it is completely hung with wedding locks), we get to the elegant, magnificent front yard. To our right, behind the openwork lattice of the cast-iron gate, guarded by griffins, rises the Lord's House, the Western and Eastern Wings. An exquisite entrance bridge stretches from the gate to the house, which is decorated with candelabra lanterns. A little further away is the Egyptian Pavilion, or Kitchen.

Master's house, panorama, 19th century

All this splendor was designed by the architect I.V. Egotovym in 1804-1808. According to the plan of the architect, the front yard was separated from the rest of the estate by a brick fence and a moat filled with water. Cast-iron "Egyptian lions" - griffins guarding the entrance to the estate, which are designed by the sculptor Campinioni, are freely located on the forged metal fence.

Despite the fact that the cast-iron gates look rather organic against the general background, they appeared here not so long ago, at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, and were called upon to protect the princely family from summer residents who had taken a fancy to the local expanses. The front yard was built according to all the canons of that time: torches were inserted into the lanterns that illuminated the entrance bridge, tall trees were not planted - the complex of buildings had to be clearly visible, so only low flower beds and shrubs bloomed in front of the main house. One thing is a pity: unfortunately, the original building of the manor's house has not been preserved to our time. It was destroyed by fire in 1916, and a new building designed by the architect Toropov was built in its place in the 1930s.

Building Kitchens, which is now in not the most brilliant condition, is actually one of the unique monuments of the Empire style in architecture. The fact is that the strict genre framework of the Empire style here is diluted with motifs of ancient Egyptian art (hence the second name of the Kitchen - Egyptian pavilion).

Kitchen, or Egyptian Pavilion

Slightly sloping walls, tapering windows, a portico decorated with palm-shaped columns and the head of a sphinx enhance the sense of the presence of the spirit of an ancient civilization. Food was stored in the cool cellars of the pavilion, the kitchen premises themselves were located on the first floor, and the "kuhmistrs" - princely cooks - lived on the second floor. In 1839, for convenience, the Kitchen was connected by a covered gallery with the manor house.

Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God

Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God.

The current church is by no means the first to stand on this site. The first wooden church here was built in 1716 under the Stroganovs and consecrated in honor of their family icon - the Blachernae Mother of God. It was this church that gave the name "Vlakherna" to the village located here. This first temple did not stand for long - in 1732 it burned down, and a new temple was built in its place, also wooden and with the same name. But the second temple did not please the owners of the estate for long - and it died from a fire in 1758. The current church - the third in a row - was built by 1762, and by 1785 it was reconstructed on the initiative of M.M. Golitsyn in the classic traditions by the architect R. Kazakov.

It was here that for a long time there was the legendary icon of the Blachernae Mother of God, with which many wonderful legends and traditions are associated. This icon dates back to the 7th century, and it came to Russia as a gift to the father of Peter I, Alexei Mikhailovich, in 1653. According to the charter attached to the icon, it was created at Blachernae Monastery in Constantinople. This icon was revered by the sovereign: he took it on military campaigns, as he believed that it would help him win in battle and save him from troubles. The Blachernae icon is made in a rare relief technique - wax mastic, and the relics of Christian saints are mixed into its wax, which gave it truly miraculous properties. According to legend, the icon put to flight the enemies who attacked Constantinople in 626. The image of the Mother of God Hodegetria, kept in the church in Kuzminki, is a copy from the Blachernae icon, kept in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. However, according to the family tradition of the Stroganovs, and later of the Golitsyns, not one, but two icons were brought to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, one of which has rightfully belonged to them ever since. Being brought to Russia, the shrine did not lose its miraculous effect: when in 1830 a cholera epidemic raged throughout Russia, not a single person fell ill in Blachernae alone - against the thousands who died everywhere in the district. And during the second outbreak of a terrible disease in 1871, the icon saved the locals from inevitable death. It is not surprising that the Blachernae icon is one of the most revered in Rus' to this day: it is even honored on July 2 in the church named after it and remaining an outstanding monument of history and culture.

Directly opposite the church is bathroom house, or soapy, which acquired its modern look at the beginning of the 19th century.

Bathroom house, or Soap

This pavilion belonged personally to the husband of the owner of the estate - M.M. Golitsyn. In addition to the actual bath rooms, the master ordered the construction of private quarters here: a bedroom, a dressing room where hunting accessories were stored, a dining room and a hall. There was also a special room that preceded the exit to a small garden. However, soon after the death of the prince in 1804, Soapy Street fell into disrepair and was demolished. On the site of the old premises, the brilliant Domenico Gilardi built a new building in the Empire style in 1816-17, generally retaining the layout and functional features of the first building.

Over time, Soapy Street suffered greatly: it burned down repeatedly, it was dismantled and rebuilt countless times. There were living quarters, the Novo-Kuzminskoye village council and even a slot machine hall (a landmark of the Soviet past). And only in 2008, as a result of large-scale restoration work, the building and the fountain in front of it were restored.

On July 8, 2008, an unusual monument was erected not far from the Bathroom House - Bench of Love and Loyalty.

Bench of Love and Loyalty

It is on this day that the feast of Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom is celebrated, he is also the Day of Family, Love and Fidelity. For the manufacture of the monument, a French cannon was used, which participated in the battles of 1812, donated by an unknown collector. Newlyweds and lovers have chosen this modest monument, which has acquired ribbons and locks with the names of happy couples in a record short time.

Let's go back to the ponds and take a look grottoes, which are constant companions of every empire park. The grottoes in Kuzminki, located opposite the Musical Pavilion (opposite bank of the pond), are a clear confirmation of this.

Trekharkochny and Big grottoes. Photo by Mikhail Grizzly / mgreport.narod.ru

The graceful Three-arch and Large (Single-arch) grottoes in Kuzminki appeared after the construction of the Front Yard. When the ground was leveled under it, a slope formed on the bank of the pond, where artificial "underwater caves" gracefully fit. Grottoes in Empire parks are quite common: a vivid example of this is the Ruins grotto in the Alexander Garden. The temperature in the grottoes is always a few degrees different from the temperature in the open space: this helped the walking public to hide in the shady coolness and take a break from the midday heat. Amateur theatrical performances were also staged in the Big Grotto. There was no serf theater in Kuzminki, so the owners themselves and their guests took part in them. The grottoes have another little secret. As mentioned above, the Big Grotto is located directly opposite the Music Pavilion, so the sound that reached it during musical performances was reflected and resonated, creating a more voluminous sound effect.

Until 2004, the grottoes in Kuzminki were in a very deplorable state, and only after a large-scale reconstruction, these interesting landscape structures received a new life.

Continuing your walk along the bank of the Upper Kuzminsky Pond, you will soon come to the famous Lion's Quay, the mention of which is first found in documents in 1762. Photographs of this wonderful building are found in almost every work devoted to the estate culture.

Lion harbor. Photo by Mikhail Grizzly / mgreport.narod.ru

It is known that the pier, like other estate buildings, was repeatedly reconstructed and rebuilt. The original version of the building looked like this: two rounded platforms were connected with the help of gracefully curved stairs, decorated with white stone sculptures: vases, images of lying lions and dogs. In 1830, during one of the reconstructions by D. Gilardi, the upper platform of the pier was rebuilt, instead of a stone balustrade, a forged metal lattice appeared, and instead of plaster sculptures, the famous Egyptian lions cast from cast iron appeared. Having survived several more restorations, in the Soviet years the monument gradually fell into decay: in 1945, the pier lost its main pride - the lions, which "moved" to Lyubertsy near Moscow. There they decorated the building of the city committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and the decaying pier gradually turned into a pile of hewn cobblestones, while maintaining the status of an architectural monument right up to 1997. And only in the 2000s, the unique Round Pier was completely restored according to the remaining evidence and documents.

Going down further along the shore of the pond, we will inevitably come to orange greenhouse- a structure, the fate of which is still unclear. Like the Egyptian pavilion, the Orangery is a unique architectural monument, which, unlike most buildings on the estate, remains in a dilapidated state.

orange greenhouse

The greenhouse in Kuzminki was known throughout Moscow: apricots, peaches, oranges, cherries, lemons and oranges and many other fruits grew here. The architectural design of the building again refers us to the Kitchen building: the motifs of Egyptian and Greek art are also very noticeable here. The greenhouse is the only building in the estate where authentic interiors with ancient Egyptian themes have been preserved - perhaps you will not find such ones not only on the territory of the estate, but also in Moscow. Until 2001, the Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine was located here, and since the institute left the building, it has gradually deteriorated and crumbled. The former mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov, who, by the way, loves the Kuzminki estate very much, issued a decree in 2004 on the restoration of the Egyptian Pavilion and the Orange Orangery, but work has not yet begun.

Not far from the decaying greenhouse of the Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God is the so-called Slobodka- a complex where the courtyard people who served the estate lived. It was first mentioned in documents dating from the second half of the 18th century. The buildings that made up Slobodka changed, like other estate buildings - only their functions remained unchanged. The structure of Slobodka included such buildings and facilities as the Servant's Wing, the Priest's House, the Laundry Wing and the Hospital. Initially, wooden buildings were rebuilt over time, changing their appearance: the unsightly houses of service people and utility rooms became impossible to recognize after the intervention of Domenico Gilardi, who, by order of the master, radically changed the plan and facades of houses in Slobodka. All the buildings of Slobodka were connected by a common fence, and the road passing from the other side of the complex was named Poplar Alley - according to the trees planted here.

In a buiding Servant's wing there is an interesting museum on Slobodka - “ Museum of Russian Estate Culture”, one of the branches of the Museum of the History of Moscow.

Servant's wing

Here you will be told about the estate life and way of life, as well as about the history of the noble families of the Stroganovs and Golitsyns. Authentic exhibits illustrating the life of the 18th-19th centuries will help you immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the noble estate life, imagine the lifestyle and worldview of the people of that time. In this interesting museum, which has been operating since 1999, you can visit one of the entertaining interactive, costumed, thematic tours that revive the household traditions of everyday life of the 19th century.

One of the most famous buildings of this part of the estate - Barnyard, or Milk farm.

Animal Farm, or Dairy Farm

The place where the barnyard will be located was determined even under the Stroganovs. But the buildings that have survived to this day date back to the 1840s. The current farm building was designed by the architect Alexander Gilardi, the nephew of the already mentioned Domenico Gilardi.

The dairy farm is a one-story building made of red brick, forming the letter "P" in plan, with two-story outbuildings. Grooms and cattlemen lived in the outbuildings, and the stalls were located in the one-story central part of the building. In the middle of the Animal Farm was an elegant pavilion, decorated with luxury; it is believed that it was intended for the residence of one of the members of the count's family. It seems strange to choose a place to build a personal pavilion; but nevertheless it really was too rich and magnificent to be in the possession of service people: parquet floors, graceful balconies and sculptures of bulls decorating the courtyard, made by Baron P.I. Klodt, clearly pleased the eye of one of the noble persons.

Animal farm with the opposite bank of the pond, where the Propylaea and the pier were located, was connected by an interesting Plashkotny Bridge - a bridge on pontoons, which we can see in the picture of the Austrian artist I.N. Raukh. The bridge was installed only for the summer period, and dismantled for the winter.

It so happened that the farm did not fulfill its intended purpose for so long: in 1889, after the reorganization of the internal premises, the Animal Farm was transferred to the expanded Blachernae Hospital, which lasted right up to 1978. Since the hospital vacated the Animal Farm building, it has gradually deteriorated, like many other buildings on the estate.

After visiting Slobodka and Animal Farm, walking towards the church along one of the rays of the famous French park, made in the likeness of a park in Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg, you will get to two more interesting museums. The first one is Literary Museum of K. G. Paustovsky- was opened in 1975, but moved to Kuzminki only in 1987, and since then it has occupied gardener's house(also called " gray dacha»).

Gardener's House, or Gray Dacha

The museum's collection includes about 17,000 items, illustrating not only the life and literary work of Konstantin Georgievich, but also about his environment, the time in which he lived: personal belongings of the writer, documents and manuscripts, paintings by illustrators, the writer's wife and son, as well as a variety of film and photographic evidence. A lot of interesting exhibits, as well as the incredible enthusiasm and dedication of the museum staff will make visiting the Literary Museum interesting; perhaps you will even become seriously interested in Russian literature.

As you probably already noticed, the Kuzminki estate is famous not only for its architectural and park ensemble, but also for various museums. Next to the Literary Museum of G.K. Paustovsky is located Honey Museum, he is Museum and educational center of beekeeping.

Honey Museum

The apiary in Kuzminki appeared under the Golitsyns - there was always fresh honey on the table of the princes. The museum is a demonstration apiary with 50 demonstration hives, where you, dressed in a special protective suit, can study the whole process of honey production and feel like a real beekeeper. In the museum, children and their parents will be offered a choice of several interesting excursion programs, a video film will be shown and children will be delighted with fun themed games. The only condition is that you can get into the museum only on weekdays and by appointment. In addition to the beekeeping museum, the educational center also houses the School of Practical Beekeeping and the Honey Lovers Club.

The former mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov, is very fond of bees. And, as mentioned above, he also loves Kuzminki very much. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Museum and Educational Center for Beekeeping in Kuzminki became the home of the "mayor's" bees. And that is why here in 2005 appeared bee monument- one of the most useful pets. The monument is made up of three low columns stylized as honeycombs, and on the central one sits a bee, which the locals affectionately dubbed Kuzey - in honor of the estate.

Monument to the bee Kuza

If you are not completely tired yet, then you can walk a little more and get into the realm of a winter fairy tale - the official Moscow residence of Father Frost.

Moscow residence of Father Frost

It appeared in Kuzminki in 2004, and by 2006 a whole complex of elegant buildings had grown here: Father Frost's tower, Father Frost's post office, a magic mill, a fairy tale well, a Creativity tower, a snow maiden's tower, an ice skating rink, a trail of fairy tales and a game sports town. Various events take place here throughout the year: games, festive festivities and tours of the towers do not stop here after the New Year's fireworks have died down. It is very pleasant to be here both in winter and in hot summer: under the dense shade of trees it is good to hide both from snowfall and from the hot sun. Of course, children will really like it here, who will have something to do here. What's there: even adults will want to take part in interesting master classes and go back to childhood for a moment, forgetting about age.

Kuzminki is a unique Moscow estate, an architectural and park ensemble, a museum, educational and educational center where everyone will find something to their liking. Shady alleys, fresh forest air and the charm of a bygone gallant era will not leave anyone indifferent.

The Museum of Russian Estate Culture is the only functioning museum-estate with a full range of buildings at its disposal throughout Moscow. It includes: the manor's house, horse and cattle yards, a small church and much more. On the territory of the local park, visitors will be able to see with their own eyes the creations of Pyotr Klodt, the world-famous author, creator of horse sculptures on the Anichkov Bridge in St. Petersburg.

The main composition of the museum is represented by two objects: the Service Wing and the Horse Yard Complex with its permanent exhibition "Horse Yard in a Estate near Moscow". All the surviving buildings of the estate are made in the Empire style and allow you to imagine the lifestyle of its owners - the barons Stroganovs and the princes Golitsyns.

The service complex will allow visitors to get acquainted with the collection of archival documents and books of the 18th-19th centuries. And the permanent exhibition "Meet the Golitsyns!" - with commemorative orders, medals, works of applied art, dishes and furniture from the Golitsyn family nest.

In the southern part of the Horse Yard Complex there is the Children's Museum Center, which includes the Theater Studio and the Studio of Painting, Drawing and Watercolors. On the territory of the Children's Museum Center, museum staff hold various kinds of interactive exhibitions and programs. The estate also provides an opportunity to hold on its territory not only interesting excursions designed for children of primary school age, but also an unforgettable birthday.

Working mode:

Tuesday-Sunday - from 10:00 to 18:00;
Monday - day off;
The last Friday of the month is a sanitary day.

Ticket price:

expositions in the Servant's Wing and the Horse Yard: full - 100 rubles, reduced - 50 rubles;
exhibitions in the Service Wing: full - 50 rubles, reduced - 20 rubles;
exhibition "The History of a Journey": full - 100 rubles, preferential - 50 rubles.

You can find out the details on the official website.

Manor Kuzminki
Museum of Russian Estate Culture in Kuzminki

The estate "Kuzminki" is 300 years old. 150 years ago, contemporaries enthusiastically spoke of it as the "Russian Versailles", paying tribute to the grandeur of architecture, the unity of nature and art in the arrangement of a grandiose park, the splendor of salons, parties, holidays and masquerades

The Department of the Museum Association "Museum of the History of Moscow" - the Museum of Russian Estate Culture has existed on the territory of the former Golitsyn estate since 1999.

Permanent exhibition of the Museum of Russian Estate Culture- the result of scientific work and new research by the Museum staff in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum, libraries, Moscow and regional museums.

Presented for the first time in full portrait gallery of the Stroganovs and Golitsyns- owners of the estate. Among them were merchants and entrepreneurs, owners of salt works, factories, art workshops, military and statesmen, diplomats and philanthropists. A vivid image of the family nest of families famous in the history of the Fatherland is created by the exposition complexes "Noble holidays and receptions", "Great dinners and feast culture", "The office of the owner of the estate", "Traditional leisure and activities in the Kuzminki estate", "Dacha life in the estate", "Servant's wing of Slobodka: life and culture of the inhabitants". Exhibits - archival documents, books of the 18th-19th centuries, commemorative medals, works of applied art, dishes, furniture and, of course, touching everyday trifles, of which, in fact, the private life of a person consists: fans, dresses, umbrellas, ballroom books, shoes, ladies' needlework, samovars.

VIRTUAL TOUR OF THE MUSEUM

A series of exhibitions, excursions and museum programs at the Museum of Russian Estate Culture in Kuzminki

COMPOSITION OF THE PROGRAM:

		Location
EXHIBITIONS AND EXPOSITIONS
The exposition "Meet the Golitsyns", "Traditions of Home Education in the 19th Century"	permanent exhibition	Servant's wing
Exposition "Horse yard in the suburban estate" "Historical vehicles of the 19th-early 20th centuries", "With a guide to Moscow" "The world of childhood"	permanent exhibition	Horse yard. north wing
PROGRAMS
Interactive game program "Old Folk Games and Entertainment".		horse yard Manege, museum courtyard
	All year round	The territory of the estate
Horse performance "Journey to a fairy tale".	All year round	horse yard Courtyard
Literary and Musical Salon princes Golitsyn, a story about the most famous owner of the Kuzminki estate - Prince SM. Golitsyn, literary and musical tastes in the 19th century, Italian and French music, Russian romance, mathematical tricks, tea drinking with Golitsyn cookies.
"Santa's Mail"		Servant's wing horse yard

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Excursions

Walk around the estate Kuzminki ": walking tour of the park, viewing the central part of the unique architectural and park complex Vlakhernskoe-Kuzminki.
World of gardening art": walking tour of the park with a tour of the flower beds (as part of the Flower Gardens Festival).
Excursion "Kuzminki from the past to the present" (for students and adults)
Inspection of the stationary museum exposition: a story about the life of the 19th century, about the history of the estate and its owners.
Walking tour of the park "Walking around the Kuzminki estate" (for students and adults):
a story about the history of the creation of an architectural and park ensemble, sightseeing of an old estate.
Bicycle tour of the park (for students and adults): "Biking into the past":
walk around the territory of the manor complex. (Museum bikes)
Excursion on a raft along the Upper Kuzminsky pond "Water mirror of the estate" (upon prior request):
a story about the history of the creation of the estate, its architectural monuments, the philosophy of poetry and the aesthetics of the old park. There is a buffet on the raft.
bus tour<Дорога в Подмосковную князей Голицыных>(upon prior request):
(Starts from the house of the princes Golitsyn on Volkhonka)
Family programs:

"Wedding at the Museum"; solemn registration ceremony, congratulations to the newlyweds in the style of the 19th century, photographing in museum interiors, searching for a horseshoe “for good luck”, riding in a carriage, planting a rose in the museum courtyard,

"Day Angel": birthday greetings, ancient games and entertainment, music of the 19th century, festive treat. "Picnic in the estate": a walk through the estate park, acquaintance with the main sights, ancient noble and peasant games - croquet, serso, "Cat and Mouse", blind man's buff and others, tea drinking from a samovar.

Game interactive excursions for children:

"The life of the old house": acquaintance with the history of the estate in a fascinating way, noble entertainment: playing charades and forfeits (guides in historical noble costumes). For students in grades 1-6.

"Golitsyn peasants": acquaintance with the history of the farmstead peasant life of the 19th century, folk games and ancient entertainments (guides in peasant costumes). For students in grades 1-6.

"Mysteries of the Horse Yard": acquaintance with the life of the Horse Yard in the 19th century, fascinating historical riddles, charades telling about the activities of the clerk, grooms and other employees of the princes Golitsyns, viewing the stables. It is possible to ride in a carriage or on horseback (pony). For students in grades 3-7.

Museum lecture hall (for students and adults) on the history of the Kuzminki estate, its owners, culture, life, etiquette of the 19th century.
Video sessions on the history of the city of Moscow and architectural and park ensembles of Russia

Information and ordering excursions: 377-94-57

Opening hours: daily from 10.00 to 18.00 (ticket office until 17.30), day off - Monday, last Friday of the month - sanitary day;

Entry tickets:

Adult visitors - 25 rubles.
Preferential categories: students - 10 rubles, pensioners - 12 rubles.
Foreigners - 50 rubles.

Every first Friday of the month - free service for persons under the age of eighteen.

Free admission to the museum for the following categories of visitors:

orphans, children left without parental care, disabled children: entrance tickets - free of charge, excursion and lecture services - free of charge.

Conscripts: entrance tickets - free of charge

Invalids of the Great Patriotic War and other wars: entrance tickets - free of charge

Employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Committee for Culture, museum workers, workers of the restoration center named after. Grabar, members of the Union of Artists of Russia, members of ICOM: entrance tickets - free of charge

Tour vouchers:

The museum offers	Preferential	adults	Foreigners
Sightseeing tours
"Kuzminki from the past to the present"
"Walking around the Kuzminki estate"
"A walk through the Kuzminki estate and the park"
Thematic tours
"The world of landscape art (in summer)"
"Honest Lady of Shrovetide"
Game costume excursions for children
"Life of the old house", "Caught in amusements", "Magic chest"
"Christmas evening", "Not everything is carnival for the cat"
Theatrical performances with tea drinking for groups from 8 to 20 people
"Literary and Musical Salon of Princes Golitsins", Salons "Night Princess", "Christmas in the Manor", "Russian Maslenitsa", "Dacha Life in Kuzminki", "Blaherna Holiday", "Picnic in the Manor"	1 ticket 150	1 ticket 180	1 ticket 200

Excursion group - 14 people + 1 accompanying person

ADDRESS and PHONE

The Museum of Russian Estate Culture is always glad to see guests! We invite you to excursions, exhibitions and holiday programs!
Museum address:"Servant's Wing". Poplar alley, 6. 377-94-57. "Horse Yard". Old Kuzminki, 13-15. 372-60-66. "Children's Museum Center in the Kuzminki Estate" (located in the "Horse Yard"), 657-65-84.
Museum opening hours: From 10.00 to 18.00, from June 1 to October 1 from 11.00 to 19.00. The ticket office closes 30 minutes before the museum closes. Days off: Monday and last Friday of the month (sanitary day).
Directions: to the metro station "Ryazansky Prospekt", then bus. 29 (to the final stop) or from the Tekstilshchiki metro station troll. 27 or 38 (to the final stop).

Projects.

CLUBS AND STUDIO OF THE CHILDREN'S MUSEUM CENTER WORK IN THE MUSEUM:
"The World of the Russian Estate": a historical circle

"My manor garden": botanical circle

"Beaded needlework": a circle of arts and crafts

"Home theater in the Russian estate": theater studio

Art studio for drawing, watercolor and painting

Historical ballroom dance studio For children and parents, adolescents and youth.

Friends and sponsors. Museum Friends Club

In 2004, the Museum of Russian Estate Culture initiated the creation of the Museum's Friends Club. The purpose of the Club: the revival of the estate Kuzminki.

Since February 2004, a section of the Club has been operating in the Museum - the Club of old-timers Kuzminok. Meetings of members of the Kuzminki Old-Timers Club are held regularly every second Saturday of the month.

We invite all lovers of Russian antiquity, who care for the revival of the Kuzminki estate, to become members Museum Friends Club!

Official site of the museum "Russian estate culture"

Manor Vlakhernskoe-Kuzminki

Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov (January 25, 1656 - November 21, 1715) - a major Russian industrialist, landowner, financier and politician from the Stroganov family.

Baron (since 1722) Alexander Grigoryevich Stroganov (November 2 (12), 1698 - November 7 (18), 1754) - chamberlain, real state councilor (1730), lieutenant general from the Stroganov family. The largest salt industrialist and landowner of the Russian Empire.

Baron (1722) Stroganov Sergei Grigoryevich (1707-1756) - the largest mining plant from the Stroganov family, real chamberlain, lieutenant general. Construction customer and first owner of the Stroganov Palace on Nevsky Prospekt.

Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God

Rotary Pietro Antonio. Portrait of Princess Anna Alexandrovna Golitsyna, born Stroganova (1739-1816).

Golitsyn Mikhail Mikhailovich (1731 - 1806), prince, lieutenant general.

Johann Bardu

Getting to the estate on your own is quite simple. There are several route options: from the metro station "Volzhskaya" or "Kuzminki".

Leaving the Volzhskaya station, you will see a gate with a bright sign "Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki" in front of you. Walking along the picturesque paths past a small pond that forms a cascade with the nearby Lublin Pond, you will walk along an alley planted with birches past the Center for Military Patriotic Education of Youth of the South-Eastern Administrative Okrug and the Museum of Crews and Automobiles.

Continuing the walk along the asphalt path, in 10-15 minutes you will come to the very complex of manor buildings. The majestic building of the Horse Yard, built in 1805 and rebuilt according to the project of the famous architect Domenico Gilardi in 1823, will grow first on your way, is perhaps one of the most famous buildings in Kuzminki. In order to view it completely, it is better to go a little further, to the bridge over the dam - there you will see a majestic panorama of the water surface of the pond, above which rises an elegant complex of buildings in the Empire style, popular in the first half of the 19th century. The horse yard consists of a stable building, several buildings of sheds where carriages stood, and two residential outbuildings. All these buildings are connected by a common fence with the Musical Pavilion, which is located in the center of this whole composition.

Kuzminki - horse yard

horse yard

Music pavilion

Sculptures by P.I. Klodt

View of the horse yard from the other side of the pond

On the other side of the dam, there is an elegant building, which is called “The House on the Dam”, or the Mill Wing.

The House on the Dam, or the Mill Outbuilding

Before moving further across the bridge, to the main house of the estate, let's go back a little and look briefly into a corner that is inconspicuous at first glance - to the so-called Bird House, or Forge. This building is located not far from the Horse Yard, on the other side of Zarechye Street, it is not so easy to find it - it lurks among the trees.

Bird yard, Kuzminki estate, Moscow

Well, we follow further, past the Mill Wing, deep into the estate. Having crossed the bridge, which is very favored by the newlyweds (it is completely hung with wedding locks), we get to the elegant, magnificent Front Courtyard. To our right, behind the openwork lattice of the cast-iron gate, guarded by griffins, rises the Lord's House, the Western and Eastern Wings. An exquisite entrance bridge stretches from the gate to the house, which is decorated with candelabra lanterns. A little further away is the Egyptian Pavilion, or Kitchen.

Master's house, panorama, 19th century

The Lost Palace of the Golitsyns

The Kitchen building, which is now in a not so brilliant state, is actually one of the unique monuments of the Empire style in architecture. The fact is that the strict genre framework of the Empire style here is diluted with motifs of ancient Egyptian art (hence the second name of the Kitchen - the Egyptian Pavilion).

Kitchen, or Egyptian Pavilion

Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God

Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God. Photo by Mikhail Grizzly / mgreport.narod.ru

Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God.

Directly opposite the church is the Bath House, or Soap House, which acquired its modern look at the beginning of the 19th century.

Bathroom house, or Soap

Bathroom house, Kuzminki estate, Moscow

On July 8, 2008, an unusual monument was erected not far from the Vanny Domik - a bench of Love and Fidelity.

Bench of Love and Loyalty

Let's go back to the ponds and look at the grottoes, which are the constant companions of every Empire park. The grottoes in Kuzminki, located opposite the Musical Pavilion (opposite bank of the pond), are a clear confirmation of this.

Trekharkochny and Big grottoes. Photo by Mikhail Grizzly / mgreport.narod.ru

Until 2004, the grottoes in Kuzminki were in a very deplorable state, and only after a large-scale reconstruction, these interesting landscape structures received a new life.

Continuing your walk along the bank of the Upper Kuzminsky Pond, you will soon come to the famous Lion's Quay, which was first mentioned in documents in 1762. Photographs of this wonderful building are found in almost every work devoted to the estate culture.

Lion harbor. Photo by Mikhail Grizzly / mgreport.narod.ru

Going down further along the shore of the pond, we will inevitably come to the Orangery greenhouse - a structure whose fate is still unclear. Like the Egyptian pavilion, the Orangery is a unique architectural monument, which, unlike most buildings on the estate, remains in a dilapidated state.

orange greenhouse

Orange greenhouse, Kuzminki estate, Moscow

Not far from the dilapidated greenhouse of the Church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God is the so-called Slobodka - a complex where the courtyard people who served the estate lived. It was first mentioned in documents dating from the second half of the 18th century. The buildings that made up Slobodka changed, like other estate buildings - only their functions remained unchanged. The structure of Slobodka included such buildings and facilities as the Servant's Wing, the Priest's House, the Laundry Wing and the Hospital. Initially, wooden buildings were rebuilt over time, changing their appearance: the unsightly houses of service people and utility rooms became impossible to recognize after the intervention of Domenico Gilardi, who, by order of the master, radically changed the plan and facades of houses in Slobodka. All the buildings of Slobodka were connected by a common fence, and the road passing from the other side of the complex was named Poplar Alley - according to the trees planted here.

In the building of the Service Wing on Slobodka there is an interesting museum - "Museum of Russian Estate Culture", one of the branches of the Museum of the History of Moscow.

Servant's wing

One of the most famous buildings in this part of the estate is the Animal Farm, or Dairy Farm.

Animal Farm, or Dairy Farm

Animal Farm, Kuzminki Estate, Moscow

: Hospital on Slobodka, Kuzminki estate, Moscow

After visiting Slobodka and Animal Farm, walking towards the church along one of the rays of the famous French park, made in the likeness of a park in Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg, you will get to two more interesting museums. The first of them - the Literary Museum of K. G. Paustovsky - was opened in 1975, but moved to Kuzminki only in 1987, and since then it has occupied the Gardener's House (it is also called the "Gray Dacha").

Gardener's House, or Gray Dacha

As you probably already noticed, the Kuzminki estate is famous not only for its architectural and park ensemble, but also for various museums. Next to the Literary Museum of G.K. Paustovsky, there is the Museum of Honey, also known as the Museum and Educational Center for Beekeeping.

Honey Museum

The former mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov, is very fond of bees. And, as mentioned above, he also loves Kuzminki very much. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Museum and Educational Center for Beekeeping in Kuzminki became the home of the "mayor's" bees. And that is why here in 2005 there was a monument to the bee - one of the most useful domestic animals. The monument is made up of three low columns stylized as honeycombs, and on the central one sits a bee, which the locals affectionately dubbed Kuzey - in honor of the estate.

Monument to the bee Kuza

If you are not completely tired yet, then you can walk a little more and get into the realm of a winter fairy tale - the official Moscow residence of Father Frost.

Moscow residence of Father Frost