Underwater tunnels of the world. The longest tunnels. Severomuysky tunnel. Russia

It will be useful to find out which railway tunnel is the longest and which tunnel is the longest in the world. It is also interesting to find out the name of the longest tunnel in Russia and in its capital.

Longest railway tunnel

The engineering structure paved the way under the mountain pass called Saint Gotthard. The length of the tunnel is fifty-seven kilometers, and if you count both shafts, as well as auxiliary passages and shafts, it will be more than one hundred and fifty-three kilometers.

From 2017, the Gotthard Tunnel will become part of the unified pan-European high-speed rail network NEAT (NEue AlpenTransversale), reducing the distance between Zurich and Milan. It is assumed that the speed of high-speed trains while passing through this underground tunnel will be about 250 kilometers per hour, and freight trains will reach a speed of at least 160 kilometers.

The tunnel was built so that trains could move in the opposite direction along different trunks. Emergency mines and emergency stations will be provided. Of the already operating railway tunnels, the longest is the Seikan tunnel, located in Japan, which is only three kilometers shorter than the Gotthard tunnel.

The longest tunnel in Moscow

Thanks to this construction, there was no need to build a road along Serebryany Bor. The tunnel consists of three tiers. Metro trains move along the lower tier, vehicles move along the middle tier, and the vaulted upper tier is intended for smoke removal. The exact length of this tunnel is 3126 meters. The middle tunnel, which is intended for vehicles, is three-lane, with a lane width of three and a half meters. The diameter of each tunnel is fourteen meters.

For a long time, one of the longest tunnels in the capital was the Lefortovo tunnel. Its length is two kilometers one hundred and fifty meters. So far, the Serebryanoborsky tunnel remains the longest, but it will not remain the longest for long, since there are plans to build several more tunnels, among which will be one whose length will exceed four kilometers.

The longest tunnel in Russia

This tunnel connects nine mountainous regions of Dagestan with Makhachkala. It plays a vital role, since with its help, residents of mountainous regions can reach Makhachkala in just two to three hours.

Construction began in the seventies, but the construction was suspended in the nineties. In 2008, its reconstruction began, on which more than ten billion rubles were spent. The opening took place in the fall of 2012.

The exact length of this tunnel is four kilometers, two hundred and eighty-five meters. It has operational ventilation, automatic fire alarms, television surveillance, public address and burglar alarms. There is also a completely unique seismic laboratory installed there, which is capable of providing information on seismic activity both in this region and beyond. Equipment for this laboratory was specially ordered from Italy.

The longest tunnel in the world

But the Delaware Aqueduct is considered the longest water supply tunnel. Since 1945, it has provided New York with water. Its length is as much as one hundred and thirty-seven kilometers.

For a long time, the longest railway tunnel was the Japanese Seikan. But soon movement will begin along another already built tunnel, which is almost three kilometers longer than the Japanese one - this is the Gotthard Tunnel, built in Switzerland under a mountain pass. Its length is fifty-seven kilometers.

The longest metro tunnel is in Guangzhou. The length of the third metro line is sixty-seven kilometers and three hundred meters.

There are also irrigation tunnels. The longest of them is the Turkish tunnel called Sanliurfa. Its task is to distribute the water of the Euphrates River so that the nearby desert lands are transformed into fruitful farms. It consists of two main tunnels of twenty-six kilometers and four hundred meters each. This is an absolute record among reclamation systems.

Not only tunnels, but also bridges are of interest. For example, according to the website, the world's longest railway bridge is 164.8 kilometers long. You can read more about this.
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As you know, the shortest path from point A to point B is a straight line. But what to do if it is impossible to pave the road in a straight line because of a mountain, river or sea blocking the path? This problem is often solved by building a tunnel underground. Modern tunnels represent a real challenge to nature; their complex design is a masterpiece of engineering. In addition, some tunnels are also distinguished by their unusual appearance, due to the features of the landscape or the imagination of the architect. Here is a selection of the most impressive tunnels from around the world.

10 PHOTOS

The material was prepared with the support of the site les-kodru.com.ua - environmentally friendly materials for construction. Building houses is not that difficult. like the construction of tunnels, but it also requires careful selection of good materials. One of these is deck board, used in the construction of verandas, terraces and gazebos.

The project to create a tunnel under the Bosphorus Strait connecting the European and Asian parts of Istanbul started in 2004 and cost the state $3.5 billion. The total length of the tunnel is 13.6 km. Interestingly, sections of the tunnel, which are located 60 meters below sea level, have flexible connections to absorb the energy of tremors. The name "Marmaray" comes from the Turkish words "Marmara", meaning Sea of ​​Marmara, and "ray", meaning rail.

The Eisenhower Road Tunnel is notable for being one of the tallest tunnels in the world. Its height above sea level is 3,401 meters.

A railway tunnel that runs through the Alps and provides freight transport from the north to the west of the country. At the moment it is the longest railway tunnel in the world - its total length is 57.1 km. Although construction work has already been completed, the opening of the tunnel is planned only in June of this year.

This above-ground railway tunnel is an amazing botanical phenomenon. The arched green tunnel was created not by human hands, but by a natural interweaving of trees and bushes. The Tunnel of Love is a popular place of pilgrimage for tourists, especially couples in love. In 2014, Japanese director Akiyoshi Imazaki shot the film “Klevan: Tunnel of Love,” the plot of which is directly related to the Ukrainian tunnel.

The railway tunnel under the English Channel connecting France and Great Britain. The tunnel is approximately 51 km long, but you can travel from Paris to London via the Eurotunnel TGV in just 2 hours and 15 minutes.

This tunnel, which runs 647 meters under the Huangpu River and connects the Bund and Pudong districts, is very popular among tourists. The fact is that the Bund tunnel is not so much a means of transportation as an exciting attraction for entertainment. Its optical technology combined with musical accompaniment makes traveling through the Bund Tunnel an unforgettable experience.

A tunnel in the rock, made under the Judah king Hezekiah to provide the city with water. It served to supply water from the spring of Gion to the Pond of Siloam. Today, a visit to the Siloam Tunnel is included in the program of most excursions in Jerusalem. The tunnel itself is included in the City of David archaeological park complex.

This tunnel, carved into the slopes of the Bernese Alps, opens directly onto the Aletsch Glacier, located next to the beautiful peaks of the Eiger, Monch and Jungfrau mountains. As you exit the Jungfraujoch Tunnel, you will immediately be able to admire a dizzying panorama of the landscape of Switzerland, France and Germany.

The Guoliang Road Tunnel is a real landmark in China. The tunnel, about 1,200 meters long and only 4 meters wide, was built by 12 local residents. An interesting feature of the tunnel is that it is partially open - this was done for the purpose of lighting.

The longest road tunnel in the world, the Lærdal Tunnel runs through the mountains and is part of the highway between Oslo and Bergen. The total length of the tunnel is 24.5 km.

10

A railway tunnel in Japan is 53.85 km long with an underwater fragment 23.3 km long. The tunnel descends to a depth of about 240 meters, 100 meters below the seabed. It lies under the Sangar Strait, connecting Aomori Prefecture on the Japanese island of Honshu and the island of Hokkaido - as part of the Kaikyo and Hokkaido Shinkansen Line of the Hokkaido Railway Company. It is the deepest seabed and second longest railway tunnel in the world.

9

The railway tunnel in Switzerland is 57.1 km long (including service and pedestrian passages - 153.4 km). The northern portal of the tunnel is located near the village of Erstfeld, and the southern portal is located near the village of Bodio. After the completion of the eastern part (October 15, 2010) and the western part (March 23, 2011), it became the longest railway tunnel in the world.

8 Beijing Subway: Line 10

The high-speed rail transport system of Beijing, the capital of China, has been in operation since 1969 and has been rapidly developing since the end of the 20th century. It ranks second among metro systems in the world in terms of line length and annual passenger flow, as well as second place in peak daily passenger flow after the Moscow Metro.

7 Guangzhou Metropolitan: Line 3

The decision to build a metro in Guangzhou was made in 1989. Construction began in 1993. The first line was put into operation on June 28, 1997. In 2002, the second line was opened, in 2005 - the third and fourth. On December 28, 2013, metro line 6 was opened.

6

It was built in 1987 in Sweden. The cross section of the tunnel is 8 m2.

5

Within a large water management system. of the Orange River project, in the middle reaches of the river, the Hendrik-Verwoerd and Le Roux dams and reservoirs were built, designed to regulate the river flow, irrigate agricultural lands, industrial water supply, and for hydropower purposes. Part of the flow from the Hendrik-Verwoerd reservoir is transferred through a tunnel through the mountain range to the south of South Africa.

4

One of the longest tunnels is located in Liaoning province. China has previously taken part in the implementation of large-scale road projects. For example, the Danyang-Kunshan Great Bridge is the longest bridge in the world.

3

Päijänne water pipeline- a conduit tunnel located in the south of Finland. Its length is 120 km, depth from 30 to 100 m from the surface. The purpose of constructing the water pipeline is to supply water to the capital agglomeration of Finland, in whose cities (Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and others) more than a million people live.

2

Many of us have the luxury of instant access to clean water, but few people think about the miracles of technology that allow us to pour ourselves a glass of water. New York is one of those cities that lacks fresh water sources. As the population grew, aqueducts began to appear. In 1945, the Delaware Aqueduct appeared. Today it supplies the population of the metropolis with water by 50 percent. It is the second longest continuous tunnel in the world with a length of 137 kilometers. It was created by drilling and blasting hard rocks. The aqueduct works incredibly efficiently - 95 percent of the total volume of water is supplied independently.

1

The longest tunnel in the world- Thirlmere aqueduct. Its length is 154,000 meters, construction began in 1890 and ended in 1925. Formally, it is not the longest tunnel in the world, since it is not a continuous tunnel, but it is generally accepted to consider it the longest tunnel in the world. The aqueduct was built to carry water from the Manchester reservoir, and about 250 thousand cubic meters of water passes through it every day.

To be honest, I have never visited very long road or railway tunnels, but I remember well the feeling of driving under the Thames at Dartford Crossing. This is a major intersection in London. In one direction, cars go along the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, and in the opposite direction through two car tunnels, it is difficult to imagine traffic through a 24-kilometer tunnel.
So, the top 10 longest tunnels in the world

1 Gotthard Base Tunnel 57.00 km

The largest tunnel under construction in the entire history of Europe, the planned length is 57 km, the structure will become the longest railway tunnel in the world. The project is scheduled for completion in 2015.

2 Seikan 53.90 km

The longest tunnel today is the Japanese Seikan Tunnel, connecting the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. The tunnel opened to traffic on March 13, 1988. It has the titles of the longest railway tunnel and the longest underwater tunnel.

3 Eurotunnel 49.94 km

Eurotunnel laid under the English Channel between Folkestone (Kent, UK) and Calais (France). Although this tunnel is inferior in total length to the Seikan Tunnel, its underwater section (about 39 km) is 14.7 km longer than the underwater section of the Seikan Railway Tunnel. The Channel Tunnel officially opened in 1994.

4 Lötschberg 34.70 km

The longest land tunnel is Lötschberg on the Bern - Milan line, which is located in Switzerland. Its length is 34 kilometers. It connects the area of ​​Bern and Interlaken with the area of ​​Brig and Zermatt.

A railway tunnel in Spain connecting Madrid and Valladolid by high-speed route. The tunnel opened in December 2007. Has the title of the longest tunnel in Spain.

6 Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel 25.81 km

An underground railway tunnel in Japan connecting Tokyo and Aomori. The tunnel opened in 2002 and at its opening had the title of the longest underground railway tunnel.

7 Hakkoda 26.5 km

The longest land tunnel, Hakkoda, is located in Japan - the length of the railway section is 26.5 kilometers.

8 Laerdal tunnel 24.50 km

The longest road tunnel, connecting the municipalities of Laerdal and Aurland in Norway, has a length of 24.5 kilometers. Opened in 2000.

9 Daishimizu Tunnel 22.20 km

A railway tunnel in Japan connecting Niigata and Tokyo. During the construction of the tunnel, a fire and smoke occurred, which claimed the lives of 16 workers.

10 Wushaoling Tunnel 21.05 km

Double railway tunnel in Gansu province in northwestern China. Holds the title of longest railway tunnel in China

The longest railway tunnel in Russia is the Severo-Muysky Tunnel, its length is 15.3 km.
The longest tunnel of the future is the Japan-Korea tunnel, 187 kilometers long, which will connect Japan and South Korea; negotiations on its construction have been ongoing for a long time.