Great Pyramid of Cheops. The reign of Pharaoh Cheops. The Pyramid of Cheops
When we talk about the power of a state, we compare it primarily with Ancient Rome. It is understandable. After all, Byzantium, the eastern part of the great empire, disappeared from the world map only in the 15th century. Yesterday, by historical standards. Legislation, culture and traditions of a huge state became the basis of modern European civilization. With Ancient Egypt, everything is much more complicated. Its history is similar to a layer cake and began many centuries before the beginning of our era. But it was there that the last of the seven wonders of the world, the famous pyramid of Cheops, was preserved. Where is it located (location, geographical coordinates), history, interesting facts - read about all this in the article.
The same people thousands of years later
Where is the Pyramid of Cheops located? In which country? Everyone knows about this. The area of modern Egypt is more than 1 million square meters. km. It occupies the northeastern part of Africa and part of Asia, the Sinai Peninsula. For all the time of its existence, it survived about forty invasions, was under the rule of the Greeks, Romans, and was part of Byzantium. The Nitrian desert has become a refuge for many Christian saints. Anthony the Great, Macarius of Egypt and many others labored there. Even after the conquest by the Arabs, the country was still Christian for a long time. Despite all this, the majority of modern Egyptians are the ethnic descendants of those who once rivaled the power of the Babylonians. The fact is that they did not participate in such a phenomenon as the migration of peoples. By the way, the word "Copts", and this is 7-8% of the population, in translation simply means "Egyptians". So Egypt is in many ways a unique country.
Country in the desert
This country is located, in fact, in the desert. They occupy 96% of its territory. And only the rest is the fertile lands of the valley and delta of the Nile, the longest river in the world. From source to mouth - 6671 kilometers. The Nile is formed in Sudan, near the city of Khartoum. The modern capital of Egypt, Cairo is cut into two parts by the river. But there were several capitals in the multi-thousand-year history of the country.
First capital
The origins of a unique civilization are lost in the Neolithic era. This is the 6th millennium BC. One can only guess what happened then in northeast Africa. Historians divide the history of Egypt into eras that are called dynastic. The formation of the first, Early Kingdom is attributed to 3100 BC. It should be borne in mind that all dates in such a long history of the state are approximate. After all, then there was no fixed point from which the calendar began. In Egypt, years were counted from the coronation of the next pharaoh, although they divided the year into 12 months, each of which had 30 days. It was in the era of the Early Kingdom that the pharaohs received unlimited power. One of them, Menes, settled in Memphis. So this city became the first capital of a united Egypt. This is the north of the country, 30 kilometers south of Cairo.
"Houses of Eternity"
Where the pyramid of Cheops is located, in Egypt, the cult of the afterlife is very strongly developed. This has become the reason that we know nothing about residential buildings, even about the palaces of the pharaohs. A temporary shelter for a person was built from unbaked brick, dried in the sun. It is clear that such structures have not been preserved. But temples and tombs, "Houses of Eternity", were built of stone. But this is later, already in the era of the Old Kingdom, the period of the reign of the 3rd-6th dynasty. It is quite possible that the original burials of the rulers were just mounds. And later, fearing robbers, the tombs began to be cut down in the rocks, carefully masking them. So almost all known pyramids were built in 2686-2181 BC. It doesn't have to be rocks. There are also very small tombs. Moreover, not all of them have been found. Only at the beginning of 2000, archaeologists from France found a heavily destroyed pyramid near Cairo. The mother of the last pharaoh of the era of the first rise of Egypt, Pepi II, was buried there.
Who built the pyramids?
But when the most majestic funerary structures were built, the weakening of Egypt was still far away. Here it is necessary to say about what is known about the state structure of the country of that time. Until recently, it was believed that the work of slaves, of which there were a huge number in Egypt, was of great importance there. This is a clear exaggeration. The main population of the state were the royal hemuu. They were, of course, bonded people who were at the complete disposal of the pharaohs, temples or nobles. But calling them slaves would be wrong. More like fortresses. They could not change their profession, own tools, but nevertheless they were citizens. There were few slaves in the classical sense of the word, they were mostly prisoners and were called "baku". This is important because for a long time historians were convinced that the construction of huge pyramids was possible only with the use of slave labor. But that was also a mistake.
Cheops - son of Snefru
The pharaohs of the first two dynasties found eternal rest in quadrangular buildings made of unbaked bricks. They had a flat roof, and inside they were divided into several rooms. "Mastaba", as they were called. The first of the surviving huge buildings was erected for himself by Pharaoh Djoser. He ruled in the 27th century BC. Even the name of the one who brought to life the idea of his master is known. His name was Imhotep. He acted simply, placing six mastabas, decreasing upwards, one on top of the other. The result was a step pyramid, reminiscent of a Babylonian ziggurat. The pyramids for the next two pharaohs were, for some reason, just begun. The next completed one, located in Meidum, was also conceived as a stepped one. Pharaoh Huni died without waiting for the end of construction. It was completed already under Snefru, who ordered to give the pyramid the correct shape. But they did it still primitively, simply by filling the empty space between the steps with sand and rubble. Nevertheless, it is Snefru who is the greatest builder of the pyramids. Under him, a tomb for Huni was completed, and two more were built, in Dahshur. But his son, Cheops, entered history.
Fifty-story tomb
This was the second pharaoh of the 4th dynasty of the Old Kingdom, who lived in 2589-2566 BC. He, like all rulers, began to prepare a place for his own burial as soon as he ascended the throne. The square base of his pyramid is over 52,900 square meters, each side is 230 meters. The height after completion of construction was 147 meters. During the earthquake, the upper stones crumbled. The structure that we see now is 9 meters lower. The white limestone with which it was lined has not been preserved. But one can imagine how majestic the pyramid looked when the rays of the sun reflected from the shiny surface. The pyramid is still amazing. It is understandable why the opinion about the hundreds of thousands of slaves who built it was established. Herodotus also played a role here, believing the priests of Egypt in the Greek era. One hundred thousand workers for 20 years. So he wrote, referring to them. But so many people at the same time simply would not fit on the construction site. Now, thanks to experiments, they found out that 20 thousand people were quite enough. Crews of builders changed from time to time. And these were not slaves at all, but those very “royal hemuu”, a kind of serfs.
Volunteer for hard labor
These people were not necessarily driven to the construction site by force. Despite the fact that up to three crops a year could be harvested in the Nile Valley, from about June to November, farmers remained without work. Therefore, when a priest's scribe appeared in the village, who compiled lists of those wishing to work for the pharaoh, there were most likely a lot of the latter. After all, there they received a salary, housing, clothing and food. There was another, perhaps more important reason. Everyone hoped that they would gain at least a particle of the immortality of a god-like ruler. And these people were cutting down 340 stone blocks a day near Memphis. Others delivered them with the help of simple, but for their time advanced technology to the place, and there those who laid the blocks in the indicated place were waiting for them. In just 23 years, 2,300,000 pieces were laid.
City of dead
Where is the pyramid of Cheops, in which city?
Giza is located on the outskirts of Cairo. The Pyramid of Cheops does not stand alone on a plateau. The second largest belongs to his son, Khafre. It is lower, 136 meters. And, finally, the third - Pharaoh Mykerin, only 66 meters high. From a height, looking west, another group of pyramids is visible. This is another Giza necropolis, Abusir. But the pyramids located there are not so majestic, and much lower. The tallest, Pharaoh Neferirkare, is 72 meters high. In general, the city where the pyramid of Cheops is located is a real city of the dead. 17 kilometers to the south is the necropolis of Saqqara. It's almost opposite where Memphis was. And 10 kilometers to the south - Dahshur. The power of the Old Kingdom was undermined by internal strife in the country. But even now, all over the world they know where the pyramid of Cheops is located (geographic coordinates 29.9792747 north latitude and 31.1342163 east longitude). And ancient Egypt had a great future ahead of it.
One of the greatest buildings of the ancient world is in Egypt. This building, since the completion of the construction, strikes with its grandeur and impeccable geometry. No wonder the ancient Greeks included the pyramid of Cheops in their list of the seven wonders of the world. This is the only miracle that has survived to this day.
The Pyramid of Cheops has become a real masterpiece. Modern researchers are amazed at the severity of proportions and the accuracy of geometric dimensions, with which the ancient Egyptians coped brilliantly. Some Egyptologists seriously believe that the builders of the 26th century BC could not have built such a structure in 22 years. They adhere to the theory of extraterrestrial origin of the pyramids.
The point of view of these researchers has the right to exist, especially since the arguments they present sometimes baffle opponents. The location of the pyramid and its proportions are so precise that in order to arrange them in accordance with the cardinal points, modern builders would require the use of the most accurate geodetic instruments. If the exact location of the pyramid of Cheops along the cardinal points is an accident, then the accident is very happy.
The current proportions of the pyramid of Cheops, or Khufu, are not what they were originally. Scientists were able to determine that the maximum height of the pyramid in 2568 BC was 146.6 meters. The ratio of height and base, therefore, is 3.14 ...., that is, the number "Pi" from geometry. The point is the accuracy in which the ratio repeats the number "Pi". This precision is six decimal places. Archimedes did not know this meaning, he would have envied such accuracy, no doubt.
On the day the construction was completed, the pyramid of Cheops was 146.6 meters high. However, now, its height is much less than the original. There are two reasons for this decrease. One natural character is erosion. The second reason is artificial. Her name is man...
In 1301 Cairo experienced an earthquake. Most of the houses turned into piles of garbage. The same fate befell the mosques with skillful minarets. After the first shock, the Cairo authorities turned to a real storehouse of building materials - the pyramids of the pagans. They were seduced by the polished limestone slabs with which the pyramids were laid out. Following the path of least resistance, by reducing overhead costs, the Arabs began to remove the outer lining of the pyramids. Now only part of the facing on the upper tiers of the Khafre pyramid has been preserved. On the pyramid of Cheops, there is no outer lining left.
As a result of the barbaric dismantling, the height of the tallest pyramid in Egypt decreased by more than eight meters. Today's sources, speaking about the height of the pyramid of Cheops, do not shine with uniformity. The difference is 10-20 centimeters. On the one hand, such a discrepancy in data outrages pedants, lovers of accuracy. On the other hand, 10-20 centimeters now do not determine anything. After all, the original proportions are violated irrevocably and forever.
The Arabs who dismantled the pyramids did not ask subtle scientific questions. They were not interested in the theories put forward by modern scientists. They were interested in the momentary solution of domestic problems. They did not hesitate to cause damage to one of the seven wonders of the world. We can complain for a long time about the Arabs of the early 14th century. We can complain about inaccuracies in determining the true height of the pyramid. We can hypothesize about the creators of the pyramids. But the pyramids don't care. They continue to exist and outlive us with our emotions. They will continue to delight and thrill visitors who will disturb their centuries-old peace.
31-03-2017, 22:01 |
The Pyramid of Cheops is the only one of the seven wonders of the world that has survived to this day. Weight 5 million tons, height 146 meters, age 4500 years. The construction of the pyramid of Cheops is still shrouded in great mystery. Many scientists and Egyptologists make a number of assumptions about how it was possible to build such a massive structure at that time.
With the help of modern technology, one of the French architects managed to reproduce a fairly accurate picture. In general, the pyramids are a beautiful and mysterious sight. The massive structures of the pyramid - they were built without special techniques, only by the hands of the ancient Egyptians. It's very strange, and that's why it's so interesting.
Construction of the ancient pyramids of Egypt
To clarify the whole picture, let's go back during the construction of the pyramids. it's a manifestation. They became the gates for all pharaohs from the world of the living to the eternal world of the dead. The most impressive of the pyramids, the Egyptians built in one century. Initially, stepped pyramids were built, for example, the pyramid of Djoser in Sakar is like this.
But the first pyramid with even edges was built by the pharaoh from the IV dynasty Snefr. He was the father of Cheops. The special lining of the pyramids made them the earthly incarnation of the sun. Over time, the true cladding was borrowed from us by the construction of temples and mosques. We can meet such facing only at the base of the pyramid of Cheops and at the top of the pyramid of Khafre.
The Pyramid of Khafre was the last great pyramid in the history of Egypt. Then, after a century of grandiose construction, the whole country entered a difficult time for itself. The time of strife, climate change also occurred, droughts began to occur very often. This led to the fact that in a troubled time of civil strife, the secrets of building a pyramid were lost.
Recently, archaeologists found a settlement, in their opinion, it was there that the builders of the pyramid lived. This led to many discoveries. It became clear to Egyptologists how it passed - they lived quite decently, had good housing and plenty of food, ate meat, bread, drank beer. As it turned out, the builders were not. Previously, this point of view dominated.
Interestingly, the pyramid of Cheops was the highest in the world until the end19th century Recall that its height was 146 meters. The burial chamber of the pyramid is lined with granite blocks weighing more than 60 tons. It's all very strange and mysterious. How were the pyramids built? The amazing height and granite blocks inside the pyramid of Cheops are two big secrets.
Pyramid of Cheops construction viewpoint
Many tried to uncover the secret of the construction of this. Herodotus in the 5th century BC the idea was put forward to use levers made of wood. Another idea about the existence of mounds to the top of the pyramid, or ramps outside in the form of a spiral. These hypotheses are very common in history lessons. However, none of them contains a clear evidence base. There are no arguments that would allow us to say with 100% probability that this or that hypothesis is correct.
One French archaeologist came up with the idea that the construction of the pyramids took place from the inside with the help of a spiral tunnel. Before that, he conducted a series of studies of all hypotheses, examined the drawings. Soon he built his assumption about how they built. First, he should have done a technical analysis of his assumption. That is, to develop a theory of how such construction was implemented in practice.
In order to prove this hypothesis, everything had to be calculated. It can be said for sure that the Egyptians did not build ring-shaped tunnels. But they definitely knew how to build structures at a right angle. So the idea of building a ramp inside at an angle of 90 degrees came into development. If such a ramp existed, then it became possible to raise the blocks so high, even 146 meters.
Construction in detail of the pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops
So, the idea of interior ramps. The slope of the ramps should not exceed 7%, otherwise it is simply unrealistic to raise the blocks high. At the corners, special open areas were created. They allowed to turn the blocks in the right direction and at the same time carried out ventilation of the tunnels. The ramp theory was good, but needed proof.
To verify all the calculations, it was necessary to enlist the support of prominent historians. The French architect began to look for interested Egyptologists. However, it was not possible to find those in France who would pay attention to his large-scale project. But one of the American Egyptologists responded to his proposal. Upon meeting, the American was struck by this theory.
Scientists go to find proof of their theory. It is worth noting that the pyramid of Cheops is an amazing sight. Tourists are allowed inside through a predatory passage. Exploring the pyramid from the inside, scientists tried to find at least some hints of an internal ramp. The joints between the blocks are amazing, they are just perfect, there are no gaps.
If you move through a narrow passage under the ceiling of the gallery, then it will lead to 5 layers of granite blocks. They form unloading strips above the king's chamber, it relieves the load from the ceiling of the lower chambers. Without this system, the pharaoh's chamber would have collapsed.
In addition, there is a special construction passage to the very top of the pyramid. It was there that scientists at the beginning of the XIX century. discovered the cartouche of Pharaoh Cheops. This is the main proof that this is the pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops.
By the way, if you are a tourist and want to get acquainted with the treasures of the pharaohs, then you need to go to the Cairo Museum. There are a million exhibits that will tell about the ancient civilization of Egypt. But only two exhibits are related to the pyramid of Cheops specifically - the statuette of Cheops made of ivory and the cedar sleigh. Lebanese cedar sled allows you to understand how the pyramid was built.
Stages of building a pyramid
During the reign of Cheops, not a single Egyptian had any idea what a wheel was. Stone blocks were transported on cedar skids. But, nevertheless, in terms of the level of technology, the Egyptians achieved great success. The genius of the pyramid builders still fascinates Egyptologists.
According to the theory of the French architect, there were two ramps. The first straight line goes from the base of the pyramid outside. It allows you to build the base of the pyramid and even more than half of the structure itself, while also building the pharaoh's gallery. Then a second ramp was built, which was already located inside the pyramid. According to the theory, after the construction of 43 meters of the pyramid, blocks for the king's chamber were raised to its surface. Then the outer ramp was dismantled and a second inner ramp was built from these materials.
To prove this theory, you need to find the remains of a ramp inside. Not far from Cheops, a temple of the Sun was built, it was built 100 years later. Interestingly, there is a passage inside that looks like an internal ramp. The temple itself would have been destroyed at the end of the 19th century, but there is a drawing of it. This is direct evidence that the Egyptians knew how to build such passages. Thus, there is a high probability that the same ramp was built in the pyramid of Cheops.
Pyramid of Cheops and construction features
In order for the shape to be ideal, according to the scientist, the outer blocks were first laid. Accordingly, the internal blocks were laid later. This sequence made it possible to visually control the surface and the angle of inclination of the building under construction. There is a broken pyramid in Dashur, its facing has been preserved. The thickness of the outer cladding blocks is much greater than that of the inner blocks. This also speaks in favor of the fact that the external polished blocks were installed first, and then the internal ones.
So, the outer polished blocks were laid, then another layer of blocks horizontally, and the rest of the space was filled with rough blocks as filler. With this order of construction, it really could have been erected within 20 years. Such a date is indicated in the texts of the ancient Egyptians.
On the pyramid of Cheops, whitish lines are visible from the outside, it can be assumed that this is the ramp. Their latitude and slope correspond exactly to the figures in this theory. For accurate data, the pyramid needs to be scanned, and if there are fluctuations in density, then this will be the main evidence for the existence of the ramp. After research, fluctuations were found. The vibrations formed the shape of a spiral. Such results were given by microgramimetric research.
According to the microgramimetric study, the voids in the density of the pyramid formed a spiral shape. According to the data obtained, voids occupied 15% of the entire density of the Cheops pyramid. There is a notch on the northeastern edge of the pyramid; according to calculations, it runs right in the area of the ramp. Maybe there was a building site where the Egyptians were unrolling the blocks. But it is difficult to explore this area, since after accidents it is forbidden to climb the pyramid.
The Pyramid of Cheops
But the authorities went to a meeting, and the Egyptologist, together with an assistant, climbed to look at the notch closer. However, no hint of a ramp could be found. But studies have proven for sure that there is a spiral cavity inside. Only here is another mystery - this is how the blocks for the king's chamber were raised. After all, only small blocks can be lifted along the inner ramp, but how the rest were delivered ... This is also a question-mystery for now. If you build a pyramid, then the outer ramp will not help deliver a block of 60 tons to the top. This requires 600 people who would work synchronously. And this is practically impossible.
Thus, the assumption of an internal ramp in the form of a spiral is viable, moreover, this version is more suitable than others for the construction of the pyramids. But there are some nuances that are still difficult to explain. It may well remain a mystery for many years to come.
Construction of the pyramid of Cheops video
- one of the most ancient "seven wonders of the world", which has survived to this day. She inherited her name from the creator - Pharaoh Cheops and is the largest in the group of Egyptian pyramids.
It is believed that it serves as a tomb for his dynasty. The Pyramid of Cheops is located on the Giza plateau.
Dimensions of the pyramid of Cheops
The height of the Pyramid of Cheops initially reached 146.6 meters, but time inexorably and gradually destroys this impressive structure. Today it has decreased to 137.2 meters.
The pyramid is composed, in general, of 2.3 million cubes of stone. The weight of one stone is on average 2.5 tons, but there are even those whose mass reaches 15 tons.
The most interesting thing is that these blocks fit so perfectly that even the blade of a thin knife cannot pass through them. They were glued together with white cement, as a protection against the penetration of water inside. It has survived to this day.
One side of the pyramid is 230 meters long. The base area is 53,000 square meters, which can be equated to ten football fields.
This huge building impresses with its grandeur and breathes with antiquity. According to scientists, the total weight of the pyramid is 6.25 million tons. Previously, its surface was perfectly smooth. Now, unfortunately, there is no trace of this smoothness.
Inside the pyramid of Cheops there is one entrance, located at a height of 15.5 meters above the ground. It contains the tombs in which the pharaohs were buried. These so-called burial chambers are made of durable granite and are located at a depth of 28 meters.
The pyramid consists of incoming and descending passages, which were not used in any other similar building. One of the features is a large descent leading to the tomb of the pharaoh.
The Pyramid of Cheops is located directly in the place that points to all four cardinal points. It is the only one of all the ancient structures that has such accuracy. 
History of the Pyramid of Cheops
How the ancient Egyptians were able to build this Pyramid and when, no one can say for sure. But in Egypt, the official date when construction began is August 23, 2480 BC.
It was then that Pharaoh Snofu died and his son Khufu (Cheops) gave the order to build the pyramid. He wanted to build such a pyramid that it would not only become one of the greatest structures, but also glorify his name through the ages.
It is known that about 100,000 people simultaneously participated in its construction. For 10 years, they only built a road along which it was necessary to deliver stones, and the construction itself continued for another 20-25 years.
According to scientists, it is known that workers cut down huge blocks in quarries on the banks of the Nile. On boats they went to the other side and dragged a block along the road with felt to the construction site itself.
Then came the turn of hard and very dangerous work. The blocks were stacked to each other with extraordinary accuracy with the help of ropes and levers.
Secrets of the Pyramid of Cheops
For almost 3,500 years, no one has disturbed the peace of the Pyramid of Cheops. She was covered with legends about the punishment of anyone who enters the chambers of the pharaoh. 
However, there was such a daredevil caliph Abdullah al-Mamun, he laid a tunnel inside the pyramid in order to profit. But what was his surprise when he found absolutely no treasures. Indeed, this is one of the many secrets of this majestic structure.
No one knows whether the pharaoh Cheops was really buried in it or his tomb was plundered by the ancient Egyptians. Scientists emphasize that the pharaoh's chamber does not have decorations, which at that time it was customary to decorate the tombs. There is no lid on the sarcophagus, and it is not completely hewn. It is clear that the work has not been completed.
After an unsuccessful attempt by Abdullah al-Mamun, having come into a frenzy, he ordered the pyramids to be dismantled. But of course this goal was not achieved. And the robbers lost all interest in her and her non-existent treasures.
In 1168, the Arabs burned part of Cairo, and when the Egyptians began to rebuild their houses, they removed the white slabs from the pyramid.
And from that pyramid that shone like a precious stone, only a stepped body remained. This is how it appears today, before enthusiastic tourists.
The Pyramid of Cheops has been constantly explored, since the time of Napoleon. And some researchers are more inclined to believe the theory about the construction of the pyramid by aliens or Atlanteans.
Because to this day it is not clear how the builders could achieve such excellent stone processing and precise laying, which have not been affected by external factors for centuries. And the pyramid measurements themselves are striking in their results.
The pyramid was surrounded by other interesting buildings, mostly temples. But today, almost nothing has survived.
Their purpose is not completely clear, but in 1954, archaeologists found the most ancient ship at this place. It was the “Solnechnaya” boat, which was made without a single nail, with traces of silt preserved, and most likely floated in the time of Cheops.
The Pyramid of Cheops is located on the Giza plateau. Giza is a settlement northwest of Cairo. You can get there by taxi, naming the Mena House Hotel as the final stop. Or take a bus to go from the stops of Tahrir Square, in Cairo, or sit at the Ramesses station.
Pyramid of Cheops on the map
Attraction opening hours and price
You can see the majestic Pyramid of Cheops every day from 8.00 to 17.00. in winter, the visit is limited to 16.30. It is advisable to visit the pyramid in the early morning or late afternoon. In the rest of the hours it is quite hot, and you can’t break through the crowds of tourists. Although at this hour they are not so few.
Passing to the ticket office, which is not far from the hotel, you should not pay attention to barkers offering a ride on camels or calling themselves controllers. Most likely they are scammers.
The cost of entering the territory will cost $ 8, the entrance to the Pyramid of Cheops itself will cost $ 16. And of course, it is worth visiting the two pyramids of Khafre and Mykerin standing next to each other, each will cost $ 4. And to see the Solar Boat - $ 7.
It is impossible to appreciate the full power and grandeur of the Pyramid of Cheops shrouded in many secrets from photographs or words.
You just need to see it with your own eyes and touch this ancient, truly impressive structure.
This time I would like to tell you about the most majestic of them - the pyramid of Cheops. The Pyramid of Cheops(also known as the Pyramid of Khufu) is . and one of the largest Egyptian pyramids. The architect of the Great Pyramid is Hemiun, the vizier and nephew of Cheops. He also bore the title "Manager of all construction sites of the pharaoh." For more than three thousand years, the pyramid was the tallest building on Earth.
Interesting fact number 2
It is assumed that the construction, which lasted twenty years, ended around 2540 BC. e In Egypt, the date of the beginning of the construction of the Cheops pyramid is officially established and celebrated - August 23, 2470 BC. e.
Interesting fact number 3
However, there are other assumptions. Thus, the Arab historian Ibrahim ben ibn Wassuff Shah believed that the pyramids of Giza were built by an antediluvian king named Saurid. Abu Zeid el Bahi writes about an inscription that says that the Great Pyramid of Cheops was built about 73,000 years ago. Ibn Batuta claimed (and not only him) that the pyramids were built by Hermes Trismegistus, etc. The hypothesis of the Russian scientist Sergei Proskuryakov is very interesting, who believes that the pyramids were built by Aliens from Sirius and that the architect Hemiun himself was from Sirius. Vladimir Babanin also believes that the pyramids were built by Aliens from Sirius, and possibly from Dessa of the Cygnus constellation in ancient times, but during the time of Cheops, the pyramids were restored. Some believe that the Atlanteans built the pyramids. 
Interesting fact number 4
It seems logical that in any case the Pyramids were erected after the pole shift occurred on Earth, otherwise it would not be possible to orient the Pyramids with such incredible accuracy as they are located today.
Interesting fact number 5
Initially, the height of the Cheops pyramid was 146.6 meters. But time mercilessly dissolved 7 meters and 85 centimeters of this majestic structure. Simple calculations will show that now the pyramid has a height of 138 meters and 75 centimeters.
Interesting fact number 6
The perimeter of the pyramid is 922 meters, the base area is 53,000 square meters (comparable to the area of 10 football fields). Scientists calculated the total weight of the pyramid, which amounted to more than 5 million tons.
Interesting fact number 7
The pyramid is made up of over 2.2 million large stone blocks of limestone, granite and basalt, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons. There are 210 rows of blocks in the pyramid. The heaviest block weighs about 15 tons. The base is a rocky elevation, the height of which is 9 meters. Initially, the surface of the pyramid was a smooth surface, because. covered with a special material. 
Interesting fact number 8
The entrance to the pyramid is at a height of 15.63 meters on the north side. The entrance is formed by stone slabs laid in the form of an arch. This entrance to the pyramid was sealed with a granite plug.
Interesting fact number 9
Today, tourists enter the pyramid through the 17th gap, which was made in 820 by Caliph Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun. He hoped to find the pharaoh's untold treasures there, but found only a layer of dust half a cubit thick.
Interesting fact number 10
Inside the pyramid of Cheops there are three burial chambers located one above the other.
Interesting fact number 11
When the sun moves around the pyramid, you can notice the unevenness of the walls - the concavity of the central part of the walls. Perhaps the reason for this is erosion or damage resulting from the fall of the stone cladding. It is also possible that this was deliberately done during construction.
Interesting fact number 12
One of the earliest hypotheses considered the Egyptian (and other) pyramids as tombs, hence the names: the king's (pharaoh's) chamber and the queen's chamber. However, according to many modern Egyptologists, the pyramid of Cheops was never used as a tomb, but had a completely different purpose.
Interesting fact number 13
Some Egyptologists believe that the pyramid is a repository of ancient weights and measures, as well as a model of known linear and temporal measurements that are characteristic of the Earth and are based on the principle of rotation of the polar axis. It is considered confirmed that the one (or those) who led the construction of the pyramid had absolutely accurate knowledge of such things that were discovered by mankind much later. These include: the circumference of the globe, the longitude of the year, the average value of the Earth's orbit as it rotates around the Sun, the specific density of the globe, the acceleration of gravity, the speed of light, and much more. And all this knowledge, one way or another, is allegedly laid down in a pyramid.
Interesting fact number 14
It is believed that the pyramid is a kind of calendar. It is almost proved that it serves as both a theodolite and a compass, and of such accuracy that the most modern compasses can be compared with it.
Interesting fact number 15
Another hypothesis suggests that not only the parameters of the pyramid itself, but also its individual structures contain many important mathematical quantities and relationships, for example, the number "pi", and the parameters of the king's chamber combine "sacred" triangles with sides 3-4-5 . It is believed that the angles and slopes of the pyramid reflect the most modern ideas about trigonometric values, and the contours of the pyramid with practical accuracy include the proportions of the "golden section".
Interesting fact number 16
There is a hypothesis that considers the pyramid of Cheops as an astronomical observatory, and according to another hypothesis, the Great Pyramid was used for initiation into the highest levels of secret knowledge, as well as for storing this knowledge. At the same time, a person initiated into secret knowledge was located in a sarcophagus.
Interesting fact number 17
Many hypotheses have been put forward about the technology of pyramid construction, since even with the use of modern construction equipment it is not possible to build such a grandiose structure with the accuracy with which it was built.
