Activities for the arrangement of places of mass recreation. Out-of-town public recreation areas. Abstract creation of conditions for mass recreation of the inhabitants of the settlement and organization of arrangement of places of mass

Scheduled check held no more than once every 3 years. The starting point is the state registration of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, the last scheduled inspection or the start of business activities in accordance with the notification.

The restaurant must be notified of a scheduled inspection 3 working days in advance, and on December 31, a list of all enterprises that will be inspected next year appears on the website of the Prosecutor General's Office.

Unscheduled check may follow as a result of a consumer complaint (who indicated his name), receipt of confirmed data on violations of the organization or the expiration of the period for the execution of the issued order to eliminate the identified violation.

The enterprise must be notified about the unscheduled inspection 24 hours in advance.

Who can conduct?

There are about 50 authorized regulatory bodies in total, the main ones are Rospotrebnadzor, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Finance, the Federal Migration Service, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Agriculture, Rosalkogolregulirovanie, Rostechnadkhor, FAS and various public organizations.

It is important to know that all of them have the right to carry out inspections exclusively within their competence. So, for example, the district police officer does not have the right to check flow charts, and the sanitary doctor does not have the right to check documents for cash registers.

The restaurant must be notified of the scheduled inspection 3 working days in advance; unscheduled - 24 hours before

Helpful information

Notorious "consumer corner", which Rospotrebnadzor often finds fault with, does not have to be an unattractive board with yellowed pieces of paper on a button. Not a single law prescribes a way to convey information about consumer rights to, in fact, the consumer - the guest. Therefore, everything you need can be just a neat folder with copies of documents.

fines for officials and legal entities are very different, so you can try to shift the fine, for example, for the lack of technological maps, to the chef, who, according to the job description, is responsible for compiling them.

It is important to regularly remind chefs about safe work technique with tools (for example, use a pestle, not a hand when working with a meat grinder, etc.). Instructions for working with them cost a penny and are freely sold, so it’s worth buying them and hanging them on the employee’s workplace.

briefings should be carried out not only on safety (introductory when hiring and the current one every three months), but also on fire safety (once a year), and be sure to be recorded in the journal.

test purchase(previously called control) should be announced at the moment the order is handed over to the inspector - when the dish and drink are placed on the table in front of him. A test purchase can only be carried out by an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and a representative of another regulatory body can do this only accompanied by a policeman. The inspector must have a prescription containing the purpose of the audit. By the way, the instruction “On the rules for conducting a test purchase”, issued in 1982, is still valid today.

Reviewers may require weigh the order 10-15 minutes after it was brought, and the cooled dish will always weigh less - also an opportunity to find fault. To avoid such unpleasant moments, two weights must be indicated in technological maps: dishes in hot and cold states.

They (and the customers of the restaurant) can also be alerted by a large price difference among the commodity items of the same group. An overpriced or underpriced price always raises suspicions about the quality of the products, so you should calculate the average cost of dishes in one category and not allow deviations from it by more than 10–15%.

Despite the fact that in most restaurants employees work in 12-hour shifts, the law norm at 11.5 o'clock. Therefore, this figure should be in the staff list.

Public organizations they do not have the right to fine or issue prescriptions, but they can conduct an independent examination at their own expense and act through the above-mentioned authorities. In addition, unscheduled inspections may follow as a result of the visit of “public men”. But it is quite possible to give them a polite rebuff: for example, the restaurant management has the right not to let their representatives into the production premises without a medical book, a gown and a mask. And many more retreat when asked to present an audit trail.

So…

You can and should always be ready for any test. It is necessary to comply with sanitary and technological standards, control personnel, have all permits on hand, know the law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights" and the "Rules for the provision of catering services."

Comprehensive literacy and savvy is the best insurance against a fine or the closure of an institution.

Places of suburban recreation and tourism as objects of architectural and landscape design are particularly complex due to their close connection with the tasks of nature protection, the need to take into account many factors of planning, sanitary and hygienic, social orders at the highest large-scale urban planning levels.

A recreation area, or a recreational area, is a territorial formation with an area of ​​several tens (rarely up to several hundred) square kilometers, including separate recreation areas, complexes of recreational institutions and devices and having a single planning organization, service system, transport, engineering and technical support. They, as a rule, are formed near cities to meet the needs of their population for short-term and partially long-term rest. The leading factor in the placement of recreation areas is the availability of appropriate recreational resources, i.e., suitable natural landscape conditions - forests, rivers and lakes.

The most visited recreation areas, located directly near (up to 5 km) from cities, are distinguished by an increased level of improvement, which allows the landscape to withstand high recreational loads. Zones located at a considerable distance from the city, on the contrary, may have simplified amenities, somewhat closer to the natural environment. If on the "threshold" of the city such recreational areas as parks and forest parks, short-term recreation areas near water bodies, sports complexes predominate, then in the more remote zone of the suburban zone there are places of recreation with overnight stays (bases and recreation towns, gardening associations, etc.). Finally, in the most remote parts of the suburban areas, objects of long-term recreation are located (pioneer camps, dachas of preschool institutions, boarding houses, recreation centers of enterprises - usually surrounded by forests, near water bodies).

Mass short-term recreation areas that require the transportation of a large number of vacationers during weekend peak hours are located within walking distance from railway stations, subway departure lines, bus routes, and water transport stops. Within the boundaries of the zones, it is necessary to ensure the alternation of intensively and extensively used territories, in which the complex of initial (or restored) natural conditions is preserved with the greatest possible completeness. Service centers, around which the territory of intensive development is formed, should be located at a distance of approximately 2...3 km from each other, so that the width of the extensive development strip is at least 1.5 km. In view of the fact that vacationers use the edges of forests that go directly to water bodies most intensively, the degree of improvement in landscaped coastal strips up to 150 m wide should approach the park and ensure loads of up to 30 people / ha. A dense network of paved roads and paths, lawns are being created here, clumps of trees and shrubs are being formed, benches, urns, drinking fountains, outdoor lighting lanterns, and shady canopies are placed. Within the beaches - grassy and sandy - the load can be 100 and 1000 people / ha, respectively (approximate width of the beach strip is 30 ... 60 m). Long-term recreation zones have a more complex structure: in them, individual recreational facilities are grouped into complexes, and complexes are grouped into groups of complexes that are at least 2–3 km apart from each other with gaps filled with forest parks. This makes it possible to avoid the appearance of vast zones of continuous recreational development, which depresses the majority of vacationers and poses a threat to the ecological balance of the natural environment.

Based on the analysis of the most successful examples of design and construction practice, the following types of development in recreation complexes can be recommended:

a group of one-story bungalows or one-, two-story pavilions. Group size 80...100 block cells or 8...12 pavilions, group capacity 150...400 seats; building site 5...6 ha; load on the site 30 ... 70 people / ha (Fig. 6.1);

a group of two-, three-, five-storey buildings with a compact plan. The number of buildings is 3...6, the capacity of the group is 400...800 people, the building area is 5...9 ha, the load on the site is 70...100 people/ha;

a group of six-, nine-story buildings with a compact plan. The number of buildings is 3...5, the capacity of the group is 800...1000 places, the building site is 8...9 ha, the load on the site is 100...120 people/ha.

Rice. 6.2. A fragment of a recreation area on the Zaslavsky reservoir near Minsk. Coastal meadow park: 1 - buildings; 2 - inputs; 3 - entrances; 4 - parking lot; 5 - service centers and settlements; 6 - beaches; 7 - railway; 8 - highways; 9 - park road; 10 - walking pedestrian roads; 11 - tree and shrub massifs; 12 - meadows; 13 - reservoirs; 14 - the main service center for vacationers; 15 - sub-center for servicing vacationers; 16 - sports zone; 17 - "Upland Park"; 18 - meadow parks; 19 - beaches; 20 - a zone of quiet rest; 21 - historical and memorial center; 22 - country hotel; 23 - stage; 24 - dance floor; 25 - cafe; 26 - base of fishermen; 27 - decorative pool; 28 - channel; 29 - Nature and Fantasy Park; 30 - "Swamp Garden"; 31 - Bay "Fishing happiness"; 32 - "Chamomile Meadow"; 33 - "Alpine Hill"; 34 - "Heather Glade"; 55 - road "Rainbow"; 36 - tower "Vezha"

However, the size, functional organization, architectural and landscape appearance, planning structure of recreation areas located in various natural and urban conditions are extremely diverse and are difficult to strict standardization or typification. As an example, consider one of the most famous suburban recreational areas, which was formed near the artificial Zaslavsky reservoir near the northwestern borders of Minsk (Fig. 6.2). This zone is a continuation of the urban water-green diameter, formed on the banks of the dammed river Svisloch, and covers an area of ​​16.5 thousand hectares. The natural environment here was favorable for the creation of places for mass recreation: a fairly large water area of ​​​​the reservoir (3 thousand hectares) with a rugged coastline, pine and deciduous forests (30% of the total area of ​​the zone), many flowering meadows, beaches.

For the first 10...15 years (starting from 1952), this recreation area developed without taking into account the long-term prospects for the development of the entire recreation system of the city's population, without a scientific study of the natural situation and calculation of the probable recreational load on landscape complexes. Due to insufficient attention to the environmental side of construction, a number of adverse changes have occurred here. A large number of vacationers appeared in those parts of the forest that adjoin the banks, which caused their degradation. Natural beaches have fallen into an unsanitary state, and several small equipped beaches have also been unable to withstand the excessive load. The water bloomed in the bays of the reservoir, as its bed was not cleaned. Pioneer camps and other institutions with large fenced areas began to interfere with those who come here for a short vacation. In 1969, the Minskproject Institute developed a project, an important part of which was a detailed assessment of natural landscapes, a forecast of their possible changes for the future. The developed planning concept was based on the analysis of the physical-geographical, hygienic, natural-historical, aesthetic characteristics of the current situation.

Additional watering of the reservoir from the basin of the river was designed and implemented. Neman, which led to an improvement in the water regime of all water areas of the zone. A regime for the protection of soil cover, forests and small watercourses has been established. To reduce the recreational load on the previously developed sections of the shore of the reservoir, new beaches were organized. Cultural and community services are now provided through a system of special centers and sub-centers, conveniently connected to transport and pedestrian areas. Based on the calculation of the one-time capacity of the recreation area, all its constituent elements are developed: a meadow park, a hydro park, forest parks, beaches and the local resort "Zhdanovichi". The previously poorly developed western and northwestern sections of the reservoir (beaches, yacht clubs, sports bases, a rowing canal, a forest park, etc.) are being improved. The new meadow park on the previously marshy southern shore (closest to the city) performs an “intercepting” function, regulates the flow of vacationers and thereby relieves excessive pressure on pine forests. The meadow park includes an extensive "chamomile meadow", "heather meadows", a "marsh garden" with weeping willows, birch groves - landscapes typical for this part of Belarus.

2.3.
The main problems associated with places of mass recreation for residents of the city of Irkutsk

As already mentioned above, the places of public recreation areareas of the territory allocated and fixed for intensive use for the purpose of mass recreation of the population. But, when creating such places, local governments also face problems in creating favorable conditions for the recreation of residents of this settlement.

In my opinion, the topical problems of the youth environment in Irkutsk today are:

· gaps in legislation;

· most places of public recreation are not assigned to anyone and do not belong to anyone;

· lack of supervision of recreational recreation areas;

· poor arrangement of places of mass recreation or its absence;

· insufficient funding in this area;

· and others.

Most of the places of mass recreation in the Irkutsk region remain ownerless, that is, they are not assigned to legal entities that are responsible for the improvement of the territories.

In Irkutsk, there are only three places of recreation that are fixed - this is the beach on the Yakobi Bay (Terra LLC), the beach near the Angara icebreaker (Baikal-Extreme LLC), a catamaran rental point (IP Kokourov D.M.).

Basically, the places of mass recreation are not defined. A significant part of the places of recreation remains ownerless. Among them are the hydroelectric power station lakes, the banks of the Ushakovka and Irkut rivers. The beaches are not equipped, there are no equipped parking spaces for vacationers. The issues of cleaning up the territory, collection, storage and removal of solid and liquid household waste have not been resolved, container sites have not been equipped in accordance with sanitary requirements, bins have not been installed, and there are no public toilets. Control over the quality of water and sand is not carried out.

Rosportebnadzor specialists also note that the city has an unfavorable situation with wastewater disposal. Sewage treatment plants are in most cases overloaded and outdated. Thus, the technology and efficiency of treatment are violated, insufficiently treated effluents are discharged onto the terrain and into water bodies.

Since the city has almost no beaches and coastal places for summer recreation of Irkutsk residents, which is assigned to an organization or society, in this regard, no one is responsible for the quality of beach preparation or for the quality of water in reservoirs. In practice, the Committee for Urban Development of the Irkutsk Administration should deal with the arrangement of beaches and bear responsibility for this, but in fact, not a single place of mass recreation or a beach is ready for the swimming season according to sanitary and epidemiological standards. And, therefore, there is no one to punish either.

Complete unsanitary conditions. A couple of pavilions by the water, a tent and a barbecue. Almost all summer cafes on the banks of Ushakovka and Angara look like this. From afar, they are invisible, and only the locals know about them. The city authorities have problems with such establishments.Since they are illegally organized and do not have documents.

In such institutions unsanitary conditions. Products are stored without refrigerators, directly on the ground. Having a snack in such an institution, you can end up in a hospital bed.

The difficulty for local authorities is that a cafe closed in one place immediately appears in another. And the only thing that can save Irkutsk from spontaneous catering points is an increase in fines.
Chapter 3
3.1. Creation of conditions for mass recreation of Irkutsk residents
Creation of conditions - a set of measures aimed at the implementation, implementation, organization and management of activities that ensure the implementation of certain rights, norms, obligations and powers.

A place for mass recreation of residents of the city of Irkutsk is a section of the territory of the Irkutsk urban settlement, allocated and fixed for intensive use for the purpose of mass recreation of the population, as well as a complex of temporary and permanent structures located on this site, carrying a functional load as recreation area equipment.

The decision to create recreation areas is made by the head of the administration of Irkutsk of the settlement on the basis of a reasonable presentation by the commission for the acceptance into operation of places of mass recreation of residents on the territory of the urban settlement of the administration of the city of Irkutsk, which determines the possibility and admissibility of using a particular territory as places of mass recreation. The place of mass recreation is taken into operation by a commission, the composition of which is approved by the head of the administration of Irkutsk.

Powers of local self-government bodies of an urban settlement to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and organize the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population.
The powers of the Assembly of Deputies of the city of Irkutsk include:

- adoption of regulatory legal acts regulating issues of creating conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- adoption of urban settlement programs to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- approving the amount of financial resources for resolving the issue of local importance of an urban settlement to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- granting privileges on local taxes to individual entrepreneurs, organizations carrying out their activities to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

- exercising other powers established by the legislation of the Russian Federation to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and to organize the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population, referred in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the Charter of an urban settlement to the jurisdiction of the Assembly of deputies of an urban settlement

The powers of the administration of the city of Irkutsk include:

· implementation of urban settlement programs to create conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

· acquisition (manufacturing), repair and installation of elements of festive decoration in places of mass recreation of the population: flags, slogans, panels, stands, stands, stages, decorative elements and compositions and other elements, dismantling and storage of elements of festive decoration;

· installation of a sufficient number of bins and containers for collecting garbage in places of recreation for the population;

· organization of sanitary cleaning of the territory of places of mass recreation of the population;

· involvement of citizens in the performance of socially significant work (including duty) on a voluntary basis for the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

· formation of a municipal order for an urban settlement in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of residents of an urban settlement and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population;

· exercising other powers established by the legislation of the Russian Federation to create conditions for mass recreation for residents of an urban settlement and to organize the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population, which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the Charter of an urban settlement, are within the jurisdiction of the administration of an urban settlement.
Financial support for measures to create conditions for mass recreation for residents of the city of Irkutsk and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population is carried out within the funds provided in the budget of the urban settlement (estimate of income and expenses of the urban settlement) and other sources not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.2. experience of other cities
Creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents ZATO Znamensk and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population established by the Decree of June 3, 2008 N 1039

This Regulation provides the following basic concepts:

1) places of mass recreation of the population - territories allocated in the Master Plan of the city, as well as determined by the decisions of the local self-government bodies of ZATO Znamensk as places of mass recreation of the population;

2) mass recreation - attracting the population to participate in activities that relieve fatigue, restore the physical and spiritual strength of a person;

3) arrangement of places of mass recreation - a set of technical and organizational measures carried out by local authorities of ZATO Znamensk, aimed at maintaining the required level of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental well-being, safety and improvement of places of mass recreation.

In order to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and organize the arrangement of places of mass recreation, the local governments of ZATO Znamensk carry out the following set of measures:

Monitoring the needs of the population of ZATO Znamensk in mass recreation;

Promotion of healthy lifestyles;

Adoption of programs in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation and organizing the arrangement of places for mass recreation;

Creation, reorganization and liquidation of enterprises, institutions organizing mass recreation and arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Giving territories the status of places of mass recreation;

Development of the General Plan of ZATO Znamensk, taking into account the preservation and development of places of public recreation;

Formation and placement of a municipal order in the field of arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Assistance in attracting investments in the arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Checking places of public recreation for their compliance with established sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements and standards;

Carrying out a complex of anti-epidemic measures;

Ensuring public order in public places;

Creation of conditions for the organization of trade services, public catering and the provision of other services in places of mass recreation;

Organization of transport services for the population of ZATO Znamensk in places of mass recreation;

Organization of collection, removal and disposal of solid household waste in places of public recreation;

Establishment of preferences for enterprises, institutions that provide the organization of mass recreation for the population and the arrangement of places of mass recreation;

Implementation of other activities.

The implementation of these measures is carried out through the activities of structural divisions of the administration of ZATO Znamensk, municipal enterprises and institutions operating in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arranging places for mass recreation, through the activities of other organizations.

Improvement and maintenance of places of public recreation are carried out in compliance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Citizens have the right to unimpeded visits to places of mass recreation on the territory of ZATO Znamensk, except for cases when the regime for the paid use of such facilities is determined.

The competence of the local authorities of ZATO Znamensk in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and the arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents includes:

1) adoption of normative legal acts in order to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

2) approving, within the budget of ZATO Znamensk, the costs of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and equipping public places for residents;

3) development, adoption and implementation of programs to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

4) provision and coordination of measures to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

5) development of a system of enterprises and institutions in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

6) information and methodological support in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents;

7) organization of retraining and advanced training of employees in the field of creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrangement of places for mass recreation of residents.

If we consider the financial basis for creating conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arranging places for mass recreation of residents, then it can be noted that local governments of ZATO Znamensk implement local issues to create conditions for mass recreation of the population of ZATO Znamensk and arrange places for mass recreation of residents in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation within the limits of the appropriations provided for in the budget of ZATO Znamensk for the specified purposes.

Also, I would like to consider the experience of arranging public places in the city Penza.

The work on creating conditions and arranging places for mass recreation of the population was analyzed in Penza. More than 400 benches were installed in squares and boulevards, complete with bins for collecting garbage. Created 73 vertical flower designs, 40 hanging planters, flower arrangements "Swans" and "Washing Machine".

“In 2009, a lot of work was done to prepare beach recreation areas. Houses on Zasek, APZ-24, Akhunakh, Mayak were painted, beach equipment was partially replaced. Garbage removal was carried out regularly, while the frequency of removal increased by 3 times compared to 2008. 150 cubic meters of sand were brought to the beach in the APZ-24 microdistrict. In addition, wild shrubs were cut down on this beach, which led to an increase in the beach area by 20%. Throughout the summer, laboratory studies of the quality of sand and water were carried out,” the press service of the Penza city administration told PenzaNews news agency.
In the summer, a mass recreation of citizens is organized on the shore of the reservoir in the Svetlaya Polyana recreation area. Houses, sheds with tables for rest were built on the shore of the reservoir, tables and benches were installed along the entire coast, diving bridges, and locker rooms. For recreation on the water there are boats and catamarans. Garbage containers and toilets are located throughout the recreation area, daily cleaning of the territory is carried out. To ensure the safety of recreation, there is a medical post and a rescue station. “In order to improve the quality of recreation on city beaches, it is planned to continue the importation of alluvial sand, install metal collapsible canopies, and build a playground in the recreation area of ​​GPZ-24. In addition, a cycle of children's holidays will be organized on the territory of city beaches - Neptune's Day, Athlete's Day," the press service noted.

Much attention is paid to the recreation of citizens in places intended for sports. On the Olympic alley, daily cleaning of asphalt surfaces, cutting of dry and hanging branches from trees and shrubs is carried out. On the territory adjacent to the Pervomaisky stadium, vertical flower structures were installed, flower arrangements with a sports theme were made.
In the first half of 2009, a lot of work was done on trimming, rejuvenation and demolition of emergency trees, uprooting of stumps: 1.2 thousand trees were rejuvenated, 4.5 thousand trees were crowned, 1.4 thousand emergency trees were demolished, 348 stumps were uprooted. 574 trees and 650 shrubs were also planted.

Organized and equipped 10 places of rest for the townspeople in the city forests. Benches, stumps, urns, tables, awnings have been installed.
“Currently, a plan of measures for the reconstruction of the Health Path has been developed, which provides for the restoration of asphalt pavement, lighting the path, strengthening retaining walls, cleaning paths, sidewalks, arranging garden benches and trash bins, and cleaning lawns,” the press service said. .

Conclusion

As a result, I want to say the following, of course, there is no limit to perfection, it is impossible to solve all problems, but nevertheless, this should be strived for. In general, the situation in the city of Irkutsk in the field of recreation is quite good, especially when you consider that this is not some kind of resort town of Sochi.

In my work, I have identified the most obvious problems in providing recreational conditions. I offered them a solution. There are plenty of options for getting out of these rather difficult situations, and this allows me to say that the situation will soon improve if it is given due attention.
Used Books
1. Federal Law "On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ;

2. Charter of the city of Irkutsk;

3. Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ " On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population ";

4. Decree of the Mayor of ZATO Znamensk dated June 3, 2008 No. 1039"On the creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents of ZATO Znamensk and the organization of arrangement of places for mass recreation of the population ".

5. Decision of the City Duma of the city of Irkutsk dated August 04, 2008 N 206 "On the creation of conditions for mass recreation of residents of the municipality" Irkutsk urban settlement "
and organization of arrangement of places of mass recreation of the population";

6. Zharkova L. S. Activities of cultural institutions: Textbook. - 3rd ed. correct and additional - M.: MGUKI, 2003. - 225 p.

Public recreation areas

Among the most visited suburban and suburban natural areas for short-term and long-term recreation are the mass recreation areas created in the largest cities of the RSFSR. The attendance of mass recreation areas has especially increased due to the growth in the number of private cars and the development of a network of mass passenger transport. So, according to the Institute of the General Plan of Moscow, on weekends 1/3 of all city vacationers go to public recreation areas.

Public recreation areas are located within a radius of 25 to 150 km from the city borders (Fig. 17, 18) in the most favorable places in suburban areas in terms of their natural qualities, in most cases in forests and on the banks of large reservoirs.

To preserve natural conditions, it is necessary that the number of visitors to green areas in public recreation areas does not exceed 10 people / ha, in crowded places (on beaches, etc. - 30 people / ha.

In public recreation areas can be placed: a beach, a recreation center, auto, motorcycle and bicycle stations, forest lodges, fishing points, a one-day rest house, a one-day recreation center, a recreation camp, a hotel-boarding house, a sports base (sports club), sanatoriums, rest houses, pioneer camps.

With a large number of possible planning solutions for public recreation areas (Fig. 19), it is possible to identify the main provisions that must be taken into account when planning these landscaping objects.

The existing natural conditions of these territories are preserved to the maximum extent and improved: they create new or improve old water bodies, expand the range of plants in forest areas, organize various garden and park compositions (Fig. 20).

In the most picturesque places, automobile and pedestrian roads are laid, which make up routes of a certain length.

Various objects are placed on the territory so that they have the most convenient connection.

When planning landscaping objects, it is of great importance to establish the number of visitors in various objects of public recreation areas.

Based on the analysis of the experience of operating public recreation areas in a number of cities, their optimal capacity was established (% of the capacity of the entire public recreation area):

Of course, these figures are only indicative and may vary depending on the natural conditions of the area, its size, distance from the city.

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The organization of places of mass recreation in the settlement is one of the most important social tasks to be solved in the settlements. It is especially important to create recreation zones in natural conditions. In most cases, the recreation areas of modern settlements are forested areas. An important environmental measure is the determination of indicators of the maximum capacity of recreation areas, taking into account the stability of natural landscapes to recreational loads. To do this, special standards are applied, on the basis of which the areas necessary for organizing places for mass recreation of the population are determined (Table 6, 7). To solve recreational problems, the project provides for the creation of a multifunctional park with the allocation of zones for quiet and active recreation. In the active recreation area, it is planned to build a club and sports grounds. The zone of quiet rest includes shaded areas, glades, lawns and is designed for a relaxing holiday, walking, reading, quiet games.

Table 6 - Calculation of the area for the organization of places of mass recreation of the population.

To increase the aesthetic value of the landscape, as well as improve recreational conditions with. Frola, the project provides for the construction of a beach along the banks of the river.

The size of the territory of the beaches located on the lands, resort areas and recreation areas should be taken as 1 sq.m. per visitor.

The size of river and lake beaches located on lands suitable for agricultural use should be taken at the rate of 5 sq.m. per visitor.

The size of the territory of specialized therapeutic beaches for patients with limited mobility should be taken at the rate of 8-12 sq.m. per visitor.

The minimum length of the coastline of the beach per visitor should be taken at least: for sea beaches 0.2 m, river and lake beaches 0.25 m.

Due to the fact that swimming, sunbathing, boating and walks near water bodies are the most attractive types of mass recreation, this must be taken into account when planning a decision and engineering improvement of the coastal strip.

On the coastline, three zones should be provided, different in their functional purpose. Near the water's edge with a width of up to 30-40m, the first zone or the beach itself is located. It is an open space with the necessary equipment for sunbathing. This zone has the highest flood density.

The second zone adjoins the beach and is reserved for outdoor activities.

It houses playgrounds for volleyball, basketball, table tennis, badminton and other games. Depending on the planning decision of the entire coastline, it can have a width of 15 to 40 m. This zone has a lower density of vacationers than the previous one.

The third zone is a zone of quiet rest, which is designed for walking and relaxing in the shade. It is equipped with playgrounds and has the lowest density of tourists.

The beach area is chosen outside the sanitary zone, water supply sources and away from areas of possible water pollution.

Beaches can be grassy, ​​sandy, gravel. The beach area should be flat with a slope towards the water within 0.01-0.03. In unfavorable soils, an artificial coating is created from imported material. Umbrellas, awnings, changing cabins, in some cases showers, as well as toilets and garbage bins are installed on the beach.

Table 7 - Calculation of the area for the organization of the beach.

Table 8 - Determination of the area of ​​the territory of long-term recreation facilities.

The control work provides for the creation of water protection zones of reservoirs located on the territory of the settlement. Within the water protection zones, plowing of land, the use of pesticides, the construction of livestock complexes, the construction of parking lots for the repair of equipment, and the storage of fertilizers are prohibited.

The area of ​​water protection zones is determined in Table 9 and depends on the length of the coastline within the boundaries of the plan and the width of the water protection zone, which is given in the task and depends on the length of rivers from their source or the area of ​​closed water bodies (lakes, reservoirs).

Table 9 - Determination of the area of ​​water protection zones.