Map of Western European countries and their capitals. European states and their capitals by number, area and development

If you are going to Europe, then preliminary information about the country of destination will not hurt. Including historical information. Since no trip to any country usually bypasses its capital, data on the main city of the state are of the greatest interest. Acquaintance with the city begins with its name. The names of the capitals of European countries should be known to us from school. But few people know about the origin of these names. The following selection of etymological references will fill this gap in knowledge.

Amsterdam. Capital of the Netherlands. The city is located at the mouth of the river Amstel. Fishing village at this place with the name Amstelredamme known since 1282. Translated as "village near the dam on the river Amstel".

Athens. Capital of Greece. The first settlements on this site are known from the 15th-13th centuries. BC e. The ancient Greeks associated the name of the city with the name of the goddess Athena Pallas - its patroness. It is believed that this name appeared even before the ancient Greeks and was given by the Pelasgians. Translated from the language of the latter, it may mean "hill, hill".

Belgrade. Capital of Serbia. The city was founded by the Celts in the 4th-3rd centuries. BC e. entitled Singidun (dun- "Hill"). After the conquest by the Slavs in 878, it was first mentioned by the name of the White City. The modern name is the same, only in Serbo-Croatian. The word "white" is believed to have a symbolic meaning in this case. Only the latter is interpreted differently. Some link the element white with water, since all the "white cities" are located by the river. Others explain it as a synonym for beautiful. Still others believe that in this case white= "free" (that is, a city that has certain privileges).

Berlin. Capital of Germany. The name has been known since 1244. The origin of the name has not yet been precisely established. Many explanations have been offered. The following are considered the most convincing: 1. From a personal name Berla. 2. From Slavic brl"bog, swamp" 3. From Slavic brlen"a dam on a river for fishing or timber rafting."

Berne. Capital of Switzerland. The city has been known since 1191. Many explanations have been proposed. The most convincing are the following: 1. From the Celtic "mountain". 2. This is a name transferred from Italy Verona, reworked into Berne. The coat of arms of the city depicts a bear. And popular rumor connects the name of the city with the word "bear". This explanation is rejected by etymologists as unacceptable.

Bratislava. Capital of Slovakia. BC on the site of the city was a Roman fortified camp Posonium. Later, a Slovak city was formed here Preslav named after a personal name. Subsequently, this name was transformed into Breslavsburg, and then Pressburg. After the formation of Czechoslovakia, the Slavic name returned to the city Bratislava(this is a modified version of the toponym Preslav).

Brussels. Capital of Belgium. The city was first mentioned in the 8th century in the form Brocela, which then transformed into modern French Bruxelles and Flemish Brussels. Toponym consists of Flemish roots brock"bog" and sela"housing", that is, Brussels - "village by the swamp."

Budapest. Capital of Hungary. In 1872, the cities of Buda and Pest, located on opposite banks of the Danube, were merged into one city, which received the name Budapest. Both parts of the toponym are Slavic: buda"house, building, village"; pest“stove” in the meaning of “home, dwelling”.

Vein. Capital of Austria. It is named after the river that flows into the Danube at this point. The name of the river is derived from the Celtic vedunia"tree". Others are from Celtic vindo"white", "building". Another version - from the Celtic vedunis"forest stream"

Bucharest. Capital of Romania. Under this name, the city was first mentioned in 1459. The toponym was formed from a personal name Bucur, apparently, belonged to the feudal owner. Suffix -eat common in the names of Romanian settlements.

Vaduz. Capital of Liechtenstein. The toponym has been known since 1342. It is a modified name of the valley, the name of which was given by the Romans - Vallis-Dulcia – Vallis"sweet, nice" + dulcis"valley". Through the intermediate Valduz the city received its present name Vaduz.

Warsaw. Capital of Poland. The city has been known under this name since the 13th century. Concerning etymology different opinions were expressed. The most convincing is the construction to a personal name Varsh+ affiliation suffix -Eve. That is Warsaw- Varsha village.

Vilnius. Capital of Lithuania. Until 1939 it was called Vilna. It was founded in the 10th century on the river Viliya (lit. Neris) at the confluence of the Vileyka (Vilnia) into it. The city got its name from the names of these rivers. The name of the river Viliya - from the Slavic velha"large".

Zagreb. Capital of Croatia. Known since the 11th century. The most convincing is the version about the Slavic origin of this toponym. Its etymology is "behind the embankment (dam, moat)".

Kyiv. Capital of Ukraine. The city arose in the 5th century. The etymology of its name is controversial. At present, the most common version is the formation of a toponym from the Slavic kuyava"mountain, steep hill, pinnacle". In the ancient Russian chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years" the name is derived from the name cue. However, already in the annals they could not decide who this Kiy was - a simple man or a prince? In ancient times, the cities received the names of princes, so the princely version seems more plausible. But then the name still lived Kiev transport, therefore, a version appeared that Kiy was a carrier across the Dnieper. Adherent version of a personal name cue was A. I. Sobolevsky, who derived this name from the Slavic cue"stick, pole". There is also a version about the non-Slavic origin of the toponym, which many famous Slavists reject. In this case, we are talking about an attempt to connect the toponym with Prakrit (Middle Indian languages ​​and dialects) koyawa, in the sense of "the place of the throne." In the Middle Ages Kyiv was called Sambatas. The origin of this toponym causes a variety of conjectures.

Kishinev. Capital of Moldova. The toponym has been known since the 15th century. According to Radlov, from Moldovan nou"new" and Turkic qishlakh"winter hut". Another version: from ancient Moldavian chisinau"well, well, spring" Among other hypotheses, there is a version from the Polovtsian origin: from swarming burial place, mausoleum.

Copenhagen. Capital of Denmark. The toponym has been known since 1231. It consists of two bases from the words of the Danish language: kjobmann"merchant, merchant" + havn"harbor, pier"

Lisbon. Capital of Portugal. First mentioned in the 2nd century BC. e. The origin of the name is unclear. So, they try to derive the second component from the Phoenician ippo"fence", the second component is unclear. In another case, they try to explain from the Phoenician alis ubbo"joyful bay (joyful bay)". There is also a hypothesis about the appearance of the name from Lisso or Lucio is the pre-Romanesque name of the Tagus River on which Lisbon stands.

London. The capital of Great Britain. The city has been known under this name since 115 – Londinium. Several explanations have been proposed: from a personal name londin("city of Londina"), from the name of the tribe londin("city of the Londines"), from Celtic lon dun"fortification on the hill", etc.

Ljubljana. Capital of Slovenia. The toponym has been known since the 6th century. To date, the semantic meaning of this name is unclear, although there are many versions: from the Slavic basis love, from ethnonym ljubljana, on behalf of the river deity Lubarus, from an ancient Slavic name Lubovid etc. However, the presence of numerous toponymic parallels indicates the pre-Slavic origin of the toponym. So, trying to deduce from the Latin alluviana "flooding".

Madrid. Capital of Spain. The city was founded in 927. In 939 it is mentioned as Magerite. It was believed that it comes from Arabic madarat- "city". But then another explanation appeared: the name is pre-Arabic and comes from Roman Maderita"forest growth".

Minsk. The capital of Belarus. The city has been known since 1067. The chronicle forms of the toponym are Menesk, Mensk, Mensk. Ancient Minsk arose somewhat southwest of the historical core of the modern city, on the river Meni (Menki), by which he got his name. The origin of the name of the river is not completely clear. Someone sees a parallel with the name of the river Mine(a tributary of the Rhine) in Germany. Someone deduces from Latvian main- "swamp".

Oslo. Capital of Norway. Founded in 1048. There are at least two versions of the origin of this toponym. From os"mouth" + Lo- the name of the river, i.e. "river at the mouth of the river Lo". Another version: from ass og lo"glade (clearing) in the forest." Since 1624 the city was named after King Christian Christiania (Christiania). In 1925, its original name was returned to it.

Paris. Capital of France. At the turn of our era, the city was called Lutetia Parisiorium. It was the main city of the Gaulish tribe of the Parisii. It is assumed that the first part of the toponym is from the Celtic lut"swamp". The etymology of the ethnonym Parisii is debatable. According to one version it means "ship", according to another - "border people".

Prague. Capital of the Czech Republic. The name has been known since the 10th century. Of the numerous explanations, the most convincing is the construction to the Czech pražiti"a place where a forest is burned or dried up." The interpretation through the word threshold is very common. But it is erroneous, since it is not confirmed either linguistically or geographically (there are no river rapids here).

Reykjavik. Capital of Iceland. The city was founded by the Vikings in 875 and named after the bay on the shore of which it stands. The steam above the hot springs along the shores of the bay was called smoke. Hence the name of the bay. Reykjavil-reyka"smoke" + vik"bay, gulf"

Riga. Capital of Latvia. The city was founded at the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. The name is derived from the Baltic languages ​​- from the word ring, ring"bend, bend" From this word the name of the river was formed, which later acquired a diminutive form of Ridzene. This river was covered up. Thus, the city was named either after the river or after the bend at which the settlement arose.

Rome. Capital of Italy. The legend about the connection between the name of the city and the name of the founder Romulus is a toponymic myth, a classic example of folk etymology. It is believed that the toponym originated from the ancient name of the Tiber River, on which it is located - Rumo, Rumon. The name of the river, perhaps, is associated with the name of one of the Etruscan tribes, who were the ancient population of these places.

holm stack bay, and stock stake, pile, pillar.

Stockholm. Capital of Sweden. The city was founded in the middle of the 13th century. The second part of the toponym holm means "island". The first part is less transparent. It could be stack bay, and stock stake, pile, pillar.

Tallinn. Capital of Estonia. The city has been known since 1154. The modern name arose in the 13th century, when the Danes captured the city and named it Taani Linn"Danish City" Officially, this name was fixed only in 1917. However, the city is also known under other names. In Russian chronicles and in later sources up to the 18th century - Kolyvan. Its origin is unclear. Derived from a personal name Kalev(hero of the epic "Kalevala"), and from the Lithuanian Kalvis"forge". Until 1917, the official name of the city was Revel. The origin of this toponym is also debatable. Some deduce from the name of the entire coastal region - Ryavala. Others are from the Swedish "stranded". Third - from the name of the trading area Rebala. Debatable and the origin of the earlier name of the city Lindanis.

Helsinki. Capital of Finland. The city was founded by the Swedes in the 16th century near a waterfall and named by them. Helsingfors. Second component fors- "waterfall" The origin of the first is unknown. It is assumed that from the ethnonym helsings. The city moved from the waterfall, but the Swedish name existed in pre-revolutionary Russia for a long time.

Sources

Nikonov V. A. Brief Toponymic Dictionary. M., 1966.

Pospelov E. M. School toponymic dictionary. M., 1988.

Modern children treat such a school subject as geography as a secondary discipline. Many students are puzzled by the question “What European capitals can you name?”. This article will help you decide on this part of the world, its location and other territorial characteristics.

European capitals alphabetically

• Amsterdam has been the capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1814. It is located in the western part of the state at the mouth of the Hey and Amstel rivers.
• Andorra la Vella is the main one in Andorra. Located at the confluence of the two rivers Valira d'Encamp and Valira d'Ordino. It is located at an altitude of 1079 m above sea level in the Pyrenees. It is the highest European capital.
• Athens. Capital of Greece. It is located in the center of the country and is a real treasury of the ancient world in modern Europe. It is the cultural, economic and administrative center of the state.

We continue the list

European capitals on "B"

Dublin - Irish city

City-county in Ireland. The European capital, located at the confluence of the River Liffey into the Dublin Bay of the Irish Sea.

Zagreb

The largest city in Croatia and its capital. It is located on the Sava, a tributary of the Danube. Zagreb is over 920 years old.

Kyiv, Chisinau, Copenhagen

Largest cities

• Lisbon is the main city of Portugal. This is the main port of the country and the oldest city in Western Europe. Lisbon is located at the mouth of the Tagus River. It is the westernmost capital of continental Europe.
• London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Northern Ireland and Great Britain. Located on the island of Great Britain near the North Sea at the mouth of the River Thames.
• Ljubljana is the main city of Slovenia. The main economic, cultural and political center of the country. The city is located in the intermountain Ljubljana Basin on the banks of the Ljubljanec River.
• Luxembourg is the largest city and capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Where is Formula 1 held?

Among these capitals are two hero cities:

This is Oslo on the lakes

The main and largest city of Norway. There are 343 lakes within the city limits. They are the most important sources of drinking water. Located in the southeastern part of the country. Two small rivers flow through this European capital - Alna and Akeshelva.

Tourist centers

• Paris is the main city of France. It is the administrative center of Ile-de-France. Located in the Parisian basin on its plain. It is located on the banks of the Seine River in northern France.
• Podgorica is the capital of Montenegro. It is located on the vast plain of the Skadar Basin, 30 km from the Adriatic Sea, on the banks of the Moraca River.
• Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic. It is located 40 km from the confluence of the Vltava River with the Laba. It is the largest tourist center in Europe. The main cultural, economic and political center of the Czech Republic.

Let's go alphabetically

Carlson lived in one of these cities

• San Marino is the capital of the state of San Marino, located on the Apennine Peninsula near the Adriatic Sea.
• Sarajevo is the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city is located in an intermountain basin on the banks of the Milyatsky River.
• Skopje is the main city of the Republic of Macedonia. Skopje is located on the banks of the Vardar River in a valley surrounded by mountains, near the border with Kosovo. Located in the north of the state.
• Sofia is the largest city in Bulgaria. Located in western Bulgaria at the foot of the Vitosha mountain range in the south of the Sofia basin.
• Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. It is located on the shores of Lake Mälaren in the channels connecting it with the Baltic Sea.

"T" and "X"

And among these cities is the place where the Nokia phone was “born”:

We hope that now to the question of which European capital is located on the River Thames, Ishi, Tiber, etc., you can easily give the correct answer.

Detailed map of Europe in Russian. Europe on the world map is a continent, which, together with Asia, is part of the Eurasia continent. The border between Asia and Europe is the Ural Mountains, Europe is separated from Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar. There are 50 countries on the territory of Europe, the total population is more than 740 million people.

Map of Europe with countries and capitals in Russian:

Large map of Europe with countries - opens in a new window. The map shows the countries of Europe, their capitals and major cities.

Europe - Wikipedia:

European population: 741 447 158 people (2016)
Europe Square: 10,180,000 sq. km.

Satellite map of Europe. Satellite map of Europe.

Satellite map of Europe in Russian online with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses:

Sights of Europe:

What to see in Europe: Parthenon (Athens, Greece), Colosseum (Rome, Italy), Eiffel Tower (Paris, France), Edinburgh Castle (Edinburgh, Scotland), Sagrada Familia (Barcelona, ​​Spain), Stonehenge (England), St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican) , Buckingham Palace (London, England), Moscow Kremlin (Moscow, Russia), Leaning Tower of Pisa (Pisa, Italy), Louvre Museum (Paris, France), Big Ben (London, England), Sultanahmet Blue Mosque (Istanbul, Turkey), Building Parliament of Hungary (Budapest, Hungary), Neuschwanstein Castle (Bavaria, Germany), Old Town of Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik, Croatia), Atomium (Brussels, Belgium), Charles Bridge (Prague, Czech Republic), St. Basil's Cathedral (Moscow, Russia), Tower bridge (London, England).

The largest cities in Europe:

City Istanbul- population of the city: 14377018 people Country - Turkey
City Moscow- population of the city: 12506468 people Country Russia
City London- population of the city: 817410 0 people Country - UK
City Saint Petersburg- population of the city: 5351935 people Country Russia
City Berlin- population of the city: 3479740 people Country: Germany
City Madrid- population of the city: 3273049 people Country - Spain
City Kyiv- population of the city: 2815951 people Country Ukraine
City Rome- population of the city: 2761447 people Country - Italy
City Paris- population of the city: 2243739 people Country - France
City Minsk- population of the city: 1982444 people Country - Belarus
City Hamburg- population of the city: 1787220 people Country: Germany
City Budapest- population of the city: 1721556 people Country - Hungary
City Warsaw- population of the city: 1716855 people Country - Poland
City Vein- population of the city: 1714142 people Country - Austria
City Bucharest- population of the city: 1677451 people Country - Romania
City Barcelona- population of the city: 1619337 people Country - Spain
City Kharkiv- population of the city: 1446500 people Country Ukraine
City Munich- population of the city: 1353186 people Country: Germany
City Milan- population of the city: 1324110 people Country - Italy
City Prague- population of the city: 1290211 people Country - Czech Republic
City Sofia- population of the city: 1270284 people Country - Bulgaria
City Nizhny Novgorod- population of the city: 1259013 people Country Russia
City Belgrade- population of the city: 1213000 people Country - Serbia
City Kazan- population of the city: 1206000 people Country Russia
City Samara- population of the city: 1171000 people Country Russia
City Ufa- population of the city: 1116000 people Country Russia
City Rostov-on-Don- population of the city: 1103700 people Country Russia
City Birmingham- population of the city: 1028701 people Country - UK
City Voronezh- population of the city: 1024000 people Country Russia
City Volgograd- population of the city: 1017451 people Country Russia
City Permian- population of the city: 1013679 people Country Russia
City Odessa- population of the city: 1013145 people Country Ukraine
City Cologne- population of the city: 1007119 people Country: Germany

Microstates of Europe:

Vatican(area 0.44 sq. km - the smallest state in the world), Monaco(area 2.02 sq. km.), San Marino(area 61 sq. km.), Liechtenstein(area 160 sq. km.), Malta(area 316 sq. km - an island in the Mediterranean) and Andorra(area 465 sq. km.).

Sub-regions of Europe - regions of Europe according to the UN:

Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, France, Switzerland.

Northern Europe: Great Britain, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.

Southern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Macedonia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Italy, Vatican, Greece, Malta.

Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Russia, Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova.

EU countries (members and composition of the EU in alphabetical order):

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, Great Britain, Greece, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ireland, Spain, Republic of Cyprus, Luxembourg, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Finland, Croatia , Czech Republic, Sweden, Estonia.

Climate of Europe mostly moderate. The European climate is particularly influenced by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf Stream. In most European countries, there is a clear division into four seasons. In winter, snow falls on most of the continent and the temperature is below 0 C, while in summer the weather is hot and dry.

Relief of Europe- these are mainly mountains and plains, and there are much more plains. Mountains occupy only 17% of the entire European territory. The largest European plains are Central European, East European, Middle Danube and others. The largest mountains are the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, etc.

The coastline of Europe is very indented, which is why some countries are island nations. The largest rivers flow through Europe: the Volga, Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Dnieper and others. Europe is distinguished by a special careful attitude to its cultural and historical heritage and natural resources. There are many national parks in Europe, and almost every European city has preserved unique historical monuments and architecture of past centuries.

Reserves of Europe (national parks):

Bavarian Forest (Germany), Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belarus), Belovezhsky National Park (Poland), Borjomi-Kharagauli (Georgia), Braslav Lakes (Belarus), Vanoise (France), Vikos-Aoos (Greece), High Tauern (Austria), Dwingelderveld (Netherlands), Yorkshire Dales (England), Kemeri (Latvia), Killarney (Ireland), Kozara (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Koto De Doñana (Spain), Lemmenjoki (Finland), Narochinsky (Belarus), New Forest (England), Pirin (Bulgaria), Plitvice Lakes (Croatia), Pripyat (Belarus), Snowdonia (England), Tatras (Slovakia and Poland), Thingvellir (Iceland), Sumava (Czech Republic), Dolomites (Italy), Durmitor ( Montenegro), Alonissos (Greece), Vatnajokull (Iceland), Sierra Nevada (Spain), Retezat (Romania), Rila (Bulgaria), Triglav (Slovenia).

Europe is the most visited continent in the world. Numerous resorts of southern countries (Spain, Italy, France) and a rich and varied historical heritage, which is represented by a variety of monuments and attractions, attracts tourists from Asia, Oceania and America.

Castles of Europe:

Neuschwanstein (Germany), Trakai (Lithuania), Windsor Castle (England), Mont Saint-Michel (France), Gluboka (Czech Republic), De Haar (Netherlands), Coca Castle (Spain), Conwy (Great Britain), Bran (Romania) ), Kilkenny (Ireland), Aegescove (Denmark), Pena (Portugal), Chenonceaux (France), Bodiam (England), Castel Sant'Angelo (Italy), Chambord (France), Aragonese Castle (Italy), Edinburgh Castle (Scotland) , Spissky castle (Slovakia), Hohensalzburg (Austria).

43 countries, not counting Russia, are located on the western part of the largest continent. It is believed that the most developed, and some of them belong to the "Big Seven". These are such countries as Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany.

Europe: countries and capitals (list)

It is customary to divide the whole of Europe into eastern, western, northern and southern, but the countries are unevenly located, and somewhere there are 9, and somewhere 15. In addition to 44 countries, there are states that were not recognized or partially recognized - Kosovo, Transnistria and Sealand. There are also countries in Europe with capitals that are dependent states (countries that are not considered independent, but have their own territory, borders, population), there are 9 of them, and most of them belong to the UK, such as Guernsey, Gibraltar or Jan- Mayen.

It is impossible to answer unambiguously and divide all countries into parts, because each organization (UNPO, CIA, GNSS, etc.) differentiates them for its own reasons. In this article, the list of countries will be shown according to the UNPO resolution.

Eastern Europe

Before giving a brief description of this region, it is necessary to provide their capitals. Eastern Europe includes 10 countries, some of which were part of the USSR until 1991: Ukraine (Kiev), Poland (Warsaw), Romania (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Slovakia (Bratislava), Moldova (Chisinau), Hungary ( Budapest), Russia (Moscow), Czech Republic (Prague), Belarus (Minsk).

Many believe that Russia does not belong to Europe at all, someone also separates Ukraine. But if you follow the UNPO resolution, then the population of this part is about 135 million inhabitants, not counting Russia. The largest population is in Poland, the smallest is in Moldova, and the majority of the population belongs to the Slavic group: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and others.

Ukraine is considered in the eastern part, then Poland and Belarus follow.

After the collapse of the USSR, much has changed in the political structure, and the economies of most Eastern European countries have suffered greatly, which is why they are not in the first positions today in terms of the level of development of the state system and life.

Northern Europe

The list of countries in Europe (and their capitals) is much shorter when looking at the northern part of Europe, and here, mainly on the Scandinavian Peninsula, the following states are located. First of all, this is Finland (Helsinki), as well as Norway (Oslo), Denmark (Copenhagen), Estonia (Tallinn), Lithuania (Vilnius), Sweden (Stockholm), Iceland (Reykjavik), Latvia (Riga).

Northern Europe is a small part of the whole of Europe and occupies only 20% of the total area, while the population is only 4%. These are small states, the largest country is Sweden, where about 9 million people live, and the smallest is Iceland, where the population does not even exceed 300 thousand people.

(in the northern part) - one of the most developed in terms of economic indicators and living standards. Compared to other regions, their economy is stronger, the percentage of unemployment and inflation is low, external and national resources are used more efficiently.

Only high-tech equipment and skilled workers are involved in the production; quality, not quantity, is considered a priority in the economy.

Western Europe

The list of European countries (and their capitals) in the western part mainly takes into account the states where the peoples of the Romano-Germanic and Celtic language groups mainly live. It is one of the most developed regions in the world and includes the following countries: Great Britain (London), Austria (Vienna), Ireland (Dublin), Germany (Berlin), Switzerland (Bern), Belgium (Brussels), Liechtenstein (Vaduz) , the Netherlands (Amsterdam), Monaco (Monaco) and France (Paris).

About 300 million people live in Western Europe, of which 20 million are immigrants. It is in Western Europe that the so-called immigration hotbed is located, where people come from all over the world, including from poor African countries.

In Western Europe, the area is France, besides, it is the oldest and richest.

Southern Europe

The largest list of European countries (and their capitals) is presented in the southern part, which includes 16 states: Italy (Rome), Portugal (Lisbon), Greece (Athens), Serbia (Belgrade), Malta (Valetta), Albania (Tirana), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo), Spain (Madrid), San Marino (San Marino), Slovenia (Ljubljana), Andorra (Andorra la Vella), Montenegro (Podgorica), Macedonia (Skopje), Croatia (Zagreb), Cyprus (Nicosia).

Many countries in the southern part are located mainly on the Mediterranean coast, and the population is 160 million people. Italy is considered the largest country, and San Marino is the smallest, with no more than 30 thousand people living there.

Good location and subtropical climate allows many countries to farm and export food. European countries and their capitals are actively developing tourism. For example, Spain is considered the most visited country after France. Many travelers love to relax on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which is why they choose these countries.

In addition to agriculture, the economy develops through the mining industry, the production of machinery and equipment, fabrics and leather.

So, the list of European countries in alphabetical order. But first, two words about this continent.

Europe- part of the world, with an area of ​​​​about 10.5 million square meters. km. It is washed by the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The population is 830.4 million people.

A

Austria
Albania
Andorra

B

Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina

IN

Vatican
Great Britain
Hungary

G

Germany
Holland
Greece
Georgia

D

AND

Ireland
Iceland
Spain
Italy

L

Latvia
Lithuania
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg

M

Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco

H

Norway

P

Poland
Portugal

R

Russia
Romania

WITH

San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia

At

F

Finland
France

X

Croatia

H

Montenegro
Czech

W

Switzerland
Sweden

E

1. Austria (capital - Vienna)
2. Albania (capital - Tirana)
3. Andorra (capital - Andorra la Vella)
4. Belarus (capital - Minsk)
5. Belgium (capital - Brussels)
6. Bulgaria (capital - Sofia)
7.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (capital - Sarajevo)
8. Vatican (capital - Vatican)
9. Hungary (capital - Budapest)
10. Great Britain (capital - London)
11. Germany (capital - Berlin)
12. Greece (capital - Athens)
13. Denmark (capital - Copenhagen)
14. Ireland (capital - Dublin)
15. Iceland (capital - Reykjavik)
16. Spain (capital - Madrid)
17. Italy (capital - Rome)
18. Latvia (capital - Riga)
19.

Lithuania (capital - Vilnius)
20. Liechtenstein (capital - Vaduz)
21. Luxembourg (capital - Luxembourg)
22. Macedonia (capital - Skopje)
23. Malta (capital - Valletta)
24.

Moldova (capital - Chisinau)
25. Monaco (capital - Monaco)
26. Netherlands (capital - Amsterdam)
27. Norway (capital - Oslo)
28.

Poland (capital - Warsaw)
29. Portugal (capital - Lisbon)
30. Romania (capital - Bucharest)
31. San Marino (capital - San Marino)
32.

Serbia (capital - Belgrade)
33. Slovakia (capital - Bratislava)
34. Slovenia (capital - Ljubljana)
35. Ukraine (capital - Kyiv)
36. Finland (capital - Helsinki)
37. France (capital - Paris)
38.

Montenegro (capital - Podgorica)
39. Czech Republic (capital - Prague)
40. Croatia (capital - Zagreb)
41. Switzerland (capital - Bern)
42. Sweden (capital - Stockholm)
43. Estonia (capital - Tallinn)

How many countries are in Europe?

There are 50 independent states on the political map of Europe, most of which are highly developed industrial and agricultural countries. Among the largest European countries are Russia, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Ukraine, Spain, Poland.

This figure also includes six dwarf states: Andorra, Vatican, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino.

Full list of European countries

Austria, Azerbaijan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Georgia, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Kazakhstan, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia.

In order to give a correct answer to the question: “How many countries are there in Europe”, it must be taken into account that the exact count of the number of states located in Europe depends on the definition of the borders of Europe and the criteria for including unrecognized and partially recognized states, taking into account dependent territories.

It should be borne in mind that since the Caucasian ridge and the Black Sea straits are traditionally considered the geographical borders of Europe and Asia, the inclusion of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Cyprus, Kazakhstan and Turkey in the list of European countries is based primarily on political, economic and cultural considerations and is not unambiguous. .

Unrecognized and partially recognized states of Europe: Abkhazia, Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand, South Ossetia.

Home >  Wiki-textbook >  Geography > 11 grade > Foreign Europe: general characteristics, resources, population, economy

General information about Foreign Europe

Foreign Europe is one of the centers of world civilization, and is of incomparable importance for world politics, economics and culture.

On its territory there are 40 sovereign states, which are interconnected by a historical past, close cultural and political relations.

If we talk about the economic and geographical position of countries, then it is determined by two main criteria.

The countries of foreign Europe are relatively close to each other, they either closely border on natural boundaries, or there is an insignificant distance between them, which does not affect the convenience of transport links.

The second main criterion is the coastal position of most countries that are connected to each other and countries of other continents by sea.

Countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands have been connected with the sea since ancient times.

Political pictureForeign Europe

The political picture of foreign Europe changed significantly three times during the 20th century.

The First and Second World Wars significantly changed it, and at the end of the century there were significant changes associated with the Social Democratic parties that came to power.

As for the structure of states in this territory, in foreign Europe there are republics, unitary states, monarchical and federal.

By the 21st century, the Organization for Security and Cooperation - the OSCE, was formed, which is represented by 56 countries (it also includes the USA, Canada and the CIS countries).

Natural conditions and resources

On the territory of foreign Europe there are many minerals.

The northern part includes ore and fuel minerals.

And hydropower resources fall on the territory of the Alps, Dinaric and Scandinavian mountains.

Forestry is developed in Sweden and Finland, for which forest landscapes are typical.

Population of foreign Europe

The number of inhabitants of this part of the world is growing very slowly; a rather difficult demographic situation has been recorded in foreign Europe.

The territory is a hotbed of world labor emigration; there are about 20 million foreign workers here.

It is important to note that most European countries are highly urbanized, with the highest rates of urbanization being in Belgium, Great Britain and the Netherlands.

The countries of Europe belong to the Indo-European family, there are four main types of states according to their national composition.

These are mononational (Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark), with a sharp predominance of one nation (Great Britain, France, Finland), binational (Belgium) and multinational (Switzerland, Latvia).

EconomyForeign Europe

Europe occupies a leading position in the world economy in terms of agricultural and industrial production, the development of tourism and the export of goods and services.

The most powerful countries in terms of economic situation are called Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy.

They have the most developed complexes of various industries, unlike other countries, which have one or two industries strongly developed.

The leading sectors of Europe are mechanical engineering (especially automotive), the chemical industry, the fuel and energy sector and the metallurgical industry.

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