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The first year of life is very important for the baby, because it is during this period that the formation of all systems and organs of the child's body takes place.

The nervous system of the baby and its physical parameters are developing at a rapid pace.

These indicators determine the health of the child. Regular visits to the clinic throughout the first year of life are essential, even if your child is absolutely healthy.

The purpose of the visit to doctors at the age of 1 month

The main tasks of medical examination of children are monitoring their development in dynamics, timely implementation of recreational and preventive measures.

Until one month you were examined by a pediatrician at home, and now you must make your first visit to his office. But it is even more important that other specialists consult you at this age: a neurologist, an orthopedist, an ophthalmologist, an ENT doctor, a surgeon.

The purpose of these consultations is to identify previously unnoticed deviations from the norm and diseases. By identifying any deviations in the early stages, it is possible to prevent the development of the disease, and in the presence of an existing disease, it can be treated as early as possible and, accordingly, more effectively.

Neurologist

A neurologist will conduct a comprehensive examination of your child: he will assess muscle tone, neuropsychic development, the formation of motor functions, and check congenital reflexes. It is at the age of 1 to 2 months that perinatal (occurring during pregnancy and childbirth) lesions of the central nervous system (central nervous system) are most often detected. These include: increased neuro-reflex excitability and CNS depression syndrome.

It is very important to diagnose and start treatment in the first months of life, since at this time the nervous system is still maturing, and its impaired functions can be easily restored. The vast majority of deviations from the neurological norm at the age of one month and a little more are reversible.

A neurologist will definitely give you a referral for neurosonography (ultrasound of the brain). Sometimes such an examination is carried out even in the maternity hospital, and in a month it is done again as prescribed by the doctor. Ultrasound allows you to determine possible changes in the structure of the brain: malformations, vascular cysts, expansion of the ventricles of the brain (hydrocephalus), intracranial hemorrhages, hypertensive syndrome (increased intracranial pressure).

Orthopedist

First of all, an orthopedic specialist should check the baby for hip dysplasia, since their abnormal development or underdevelopment in children of 1–2 months is by no means a rare phenomenon.

The doctor will examine the symmetry of the gluteal folds and evaluate the parameters of the dilution of your child's legs in the hip joints. If hip dysplasia is detected at such an early age, when the joints are still being formed, it can be completely corrected in a non-surgical way.

If this is not done in time, then the incorrect formation of the joints can lead to a violation of the functions of the lower extremities of the child.

In addition, the orthopedist excludes the possibility of developing such congenital and acquired pathologies as dislocations, clubfoot, and torticollis.

Surgeon

The purpose of examining a monthly baby by a surgeon is to identify diseases such as hemangioma (vascular skin tumor), inguinal or umbilical hernia (protrusion of part of organs or tissues through weak areas on the anterior abdominal wall), in boys - cryptorchidism (undescended testicles into the scrotum) and phimosis ( constriction of the foreskin).

Very often, in polyclinics, the specialties of a surgeon and an orthopedist are combined by one doctor.

Oculist (ophthalmologist)

At the age of one month, the baby should master the skill of focusing the gaze on the subject. This ability will be checked by an oculist. And besides this, a specialist will examine the fundus of a small patient in order to identify pathologies of the retina and check the patency of the nasolacrimal canals.

Changes in the early stages are cured in a conservative (non-surgical) way. This avoids further violations of the functions of the eyes and the development of complications from the organ of vision.

ENT doctor

In the first or second month of life, a doctor who monitors the proper functioning of children's ears, nose and throat may prescribe a special study to identify possible hearing pathologies. After all, already at this age, the ENT may suspect a hearing loss in a baby (hearing loss).

Early diagnosis of this disease is very important, since hearing loss in the future can lead to a lag in speech and mental development. Even in such small patients, the treatment and rehabilitation of this disease is successfully carried out.

Health groups

Based on the results of the examination by narrow specialists, the pediatrician evaluates the health of the child in a complex and, based on this assessment, determines the health group.

There are 5 health groups in total:

• First- the child is absolutely healthy, physical and neuropsychic development corresponds to the age;
• Second- children with minor deviations from the norm or at risk of pathologies;
• Third- children with chronic diseases in remission, with rare exacerbations;
• 4th- children with chronic diseases or significant deviations from the norm;
• Fifth- children with disabilities or children with chronic diseases (frequent exacerbations and severe course).

Proceeding from this, the terms of observation by the attending physicians are set for each baby, measures for recovery are developed (massage, hardening, physiotherapy exercises), individual recommendations are given regarding the daily regimen, methods of physical education, etc.

Like

Newborn first examination in the clinic. In a month, your baby has grown up and become stronger. He must add at least 400g. and grow about 3 cm.

He focuses his gaze on an immovable object. Begins to smoothly follow a moving object. He listens to his mother's voice, begins to smile when he sees her or hears his mother's voice. lying on the stomach.

Newborn first examination in the clinic

At 1 month you will have your first visit to the children's clinic. Probably, the district nurse has already left you an invitation for an appointment, perhaps gave you referrals for ultrasound of the head, hip joints, abdominal organs and kidneys, and for audio screening.

Screening

Ultrasound of the brain is recommended for all children at 1 month in order to detect deviations in the work of the central nervous system of the child in time. The first examination is screening. That is, it is carried out for all children. In the future, ultrasound for children is performed as prescribed by a neurologist.

Ultrasound of the hip joints (also recommended for all children). It helps to identify such a serious deviation as congenital hip dislocation and cure the child in the first year of life. If a child has hip dysplasia (a delay in the formation of the femoral heads), the mother will be explained how to do gymnastics and massage for the child.

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys reveals congenital anomalies in the development of these organs. The most common diagnoses made to children by ultrasound of the abdominal organs are: hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver), splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen). This may not mean anything special, but requires further ultrasound monitoring of the child. Children with such a diagnosis are referred to a gastroenterologist. Those children who have found abnormalities on ultrasound of the kidneys are referred to a nephrologist.

Audio Screening - Your baby's hearing is screened at the hospital. But, if for some reason it was not carried out in the maternity hospital, or your child has a dubious result, you will be offered to examine the child in the clinic.

It will be more convenient for you and your baby to undergo ultrasound and audio screening before seeing the doctors. So that they can evaluate the results of the survey.

What to take with you to the clinic?

Two diapers. One is on the changing table. The other is on the scales. Sanitary napkins, a rattle, a pacifier (if your child is used to it), a spare diaper, in the summer - a bottle of water.

The results of the examination (ultrasound, audio screening).

And, of course, a notebook with your questions. It would be nice to write down the recommendations of the doctor and the characteristics of your child there. You will get something like a mother's diary.

Newborn baby first examination in the clinic examinations of doctors

In the clinic, you will have to see a pediatrician, neurologist, ophthalmologist, surgeon and get vaccinated against viral hepatitis B.

You need to make an appointment with a neurologist, ophthalmologist, and surgeon in advance.

• Optometrist reveals congenital and inflammatory diseases of the eye and lacrimal ducts. The most common is congenital dacryocystitis. Violation of the patency of the nasolacrimal duct and inflammation of the lacrimal sac. Also, conjunctivitis. If necessary, prescribe treatment. The ophthalmologist also detects changes in the fundus, which also reflects the state of the child's central nervous system. Neurologist will definitely pay attention to this.
• Neurologist will examine the child, check reflexes, measure the circumference of the head and chest. Evaluate the results of ultrasound of the head and examination of the fundus. And, if necessary, prescribe treatment for your child.
• Surgeon he will check whether the child has hernias, and in the boys he will examine the external genitalia. Give your recommendations.
• Orthopedist check the condition of the musculoskeletal system to exclude congenital diseases. For example, clubfoot, hip dislocation. This is where the ultrasound results come in.

Pediatrician examination

At the pediatrician's appointment, the child will be weighed and measured for height. The doctor will examine him, evaluate his physical and neuropsychic development, and give recommendations.

Usually, from the age of 1 month, all children are prescribed vitamin D at a dose of 500 IU - 1 drop of the solution. Now vitamin Dz is used - (water-soluble) - 1 time per day - for the prevention of rickets. The doctor will tell you about it. Your child may need a different dose. Or for some reason you don't need vitamin D. You will also learn about this at the reception.

If everything is fine with your child, the pediatrician will refer you for a hepatitis B vaccine. This hepatitis B vaccine is the second one for your child. The first was done in the hospital, on the first day after birth. There were no reactions to this vaccination during my practice. I place the instruction for one of the vaccines under the heading "Vaccines" This vaccination must be included in the vaccination certificate. You will probably be given a referral for your next appointment.

The next time you will have an examination at the clinic at 2 months.

Immediately after the birth of the baby, a neonatologist examines. This is a doctor who specializes in newborns up to one month of age. The doctor already in the first minutes of life, according to such indicators as the child's pulse, skin color, breathing, muscle tone, congenital reflexes, the strength of the cry, assesses the condition of the newborn child on the Apgar scale. This system is designed to identify children who urgently need medical care. Healthy babies get a score of 7-10 points. If the assessment of vital criteria is below 6 points, then the child falls under the close supervision of physicians. In any case, within the walls of the maternity hospital, the baby is periodically examined by a neonatologist.

After the mother is discharged from the maternity hospital, information about the newborn baby comes to the clinic at the place of residence. Within three days, the district pediatrician, together with a nurse, will definitely visit the child without a prior call. At the first examination, the doctor examines a small patient from head to toe, pays attention to the condition of the fontanel, skin, mucous membranes, probes the tummy, listens to the heartbeat, frequency and depth of breathing, assesses reflex excitability and muscle tone. Such an examination is necessary and justified: if pathologies are detected at an early stage, they are easier to treat or correct.

Also, the doctor is obliged to assess the home environment, living conditions, the social status of the parents and their ability to provide the baby with proper care. All data obtained are recorded in the newborn's medical record.

Tip: Prepare a place that is comfortable for a normal examination of the newborn. The doctor will undress the child, so the room must be warm. It is worth preparing a list of questions of interest to the doctor in advance, preferably in writing, so as not to forget anything.

In the future, until the age of one month, the child is periodically visited by a patronage nurse. During her visits, she should not only monitor the condition of the baby, but also advise the young mother on feeding and caring for the newborn. The patronage nurse can and should be asked questions about the development of the baby.

First trip to the clinic

At 4 weeks, the mother should bring the child to the clinic for examination.

The first hike is always exciting, so that it goes well, you need to prepare in advance:

• find out at the reception what day is set aside for the reception of babies in your clinic,
• take a clean diaper with you (preferably two), large wet wipes, a garbage bag,
• pour boiled water or ready-made milk mixture into a thermal bottle - suddenly the reception will be delayed and the child will get hungry,
• a blank notebook and a pen to write down the advice and instructions of the pediatrician.

First you need to go to the local doctor. He will visually examine the baby, weigh him, measure his height, head circumference. After that, he will tell which doctors newborns undergo at 1 month

The list is big:

• ENT doctor,
• orthopedist,
• surgeon,
• ophthalmologist,
• neurologist,
• dermatologist - appointed selectively if a newborn baby has skin problems, rashes, diathesis, allergic manifestations.

A trip to the offices of narrow specialists is mandatory. They will examine the child in more detail, draw conclusions about the state of his health, and, if necessary, prescribe an additional examination or treatment.

More about narrow specialists

An otolaryngologist (ENT doctor) examines the ears, nose and throat of a newborn, does otoacoustic testing to check the child's hearing, sees if the baby has sulfur plugs, and whether the nasal passages are properly developed. This doctor can answer the question why the baby does not latch well or cannot suckle from the bottle.

Orthopedist - this specialist must be passed to assess the health of the child's musculoskeletal system. The orthopedist will examine the legs and hip joints of the newborn and give an opinion on the results of the examination. A dangerous pathology - hip dysplasia - is observed in 30% of infants.

At an early age, the pathology is 100% corrected, but if you do not pay attention to it and start treatment in a timely manner, then the child will remain a cripple. Also, the orthopedist can identify a number of other problems - torticollis, clubfoot, asymmetry of the legs.

The optometrist will measure intraocular pressure, check the condition of the lacrimal glands, and diagnose conjunctivitis of the eyelids. At 1 month, it is already possible to assess the baby's tendency to strabismus and, if necessary, predict treatment.

The surgeon at the first meeting will palpate the baby's tummy, evaluate his reflex reactions, diagnose an umbilical, umbilical or inguinal hernia, and feel the lymph nodes. In boys, examine the external genitalia to exclude dropsy, undescended testicles into the scrotum, cryptorchidism and hypospadias

When examining a newborn, a neuropathologist will evaluate his reflexes and motor activity, examine the fontanel, check muscle tone, and the level of motor development.

Tip: do not try to go through all the specialists in 1-2 days. This is very tiring for both the baby and the mother. After the district police officer tells which doctors newborns go to at 1 month old, you need to write down the days and hours of admission in a notebook, and then plan to visit no more than two rooms a week.

Now you know which doctors newborns go through at 1 month. But the district pediatrician may prescribe an additional examination - ultrasound, MRI, blood and urine tests - if there are suspicions of heart, kidney, intestinal and other pathologies.

Additional examination

Urinalysis - for its implementation, you need to collect morning urine from the baby. This is done with the help of special urinals, which differ in shape for boys and girls. You can buy them at any pharmacy. The local nurse will tell you how to use the device to collect urine. It is very important to thoroughly wash the child on the eve of collecting the material.

A blood test - a general one is done on the basis of taking blood from a finger, a biochemical one - from a vein of a newborn. Biological material from such young children is taken at any time of the day, regardless of the meal.

ECG (electrocardiogram) - taking indicators of the work of the heart and predicting the condition of the child in the near future.

Ultrasound (ultrasound examination) of the brain, heart, abdominal cavity - to detect abnormalities in the development of body systems.

Ultrasound examination is especially relevant for premature and small babies whose birth score was less than 7 points on the Apgar scale.

Of course, such an in-depth examination is not assigned to every baby, but only to those children whose condition inspires anxiety in the local pediatrician or other doctor. Mothers do not need to independently prescribe any procedures for the child or insist on conducting one or another type of examination, since the district pediatrician is able to adequately assess the health of the newborn and the need for additional tests.

vaccination room

In the maternity hospital, a newborn baby is given the necessary vaccinations, but at 1 month it is necessary to get another vaccination against hepatitis. Permission for vaccination is given only by the local pediatrician after a complete examination of the baby and obtaining confidence that the baby is healthy. Parents have the right to refuse vaccination, but this should be done deliberately after studying the issue from all sides and receiving advice from a competent specialist. If you doubt the quality of the vaccine, you can agree on the purchase of another grafting material - less aggressive, more purified, from another manufacturer. But this issue must be discussed with your doctor first.

Please note that the standard vaccination calendar can be changed individually for you, taking into account the health of the baby.

Keep a notepad and be sure to monitor vaccinations. Feel free to ask your doctor to check your personal vaccination schedule again. This approach will help in the future to protect the child from a serious illness.

Remember that the care of the health of the child lies primarily with the parents, so you should not miss a trip to the clinic when the baby is 1 month old.

Maybe this mommy didn't have a good day and she fell for the poor granny. But seriously, I also would not want some granny to feed my baby with sweets too. In general, I try to protect the child to the maximum from artificial dyes, sweets and chocolate, he knows less goodies, he sleeps more soundly. It is better to give a carrot, apple, marshmallow or kazinak.

The course of the author's anti-vaccination thoughts is understandable. Only the process of the author's thinking did not reach the result - a qualitative understanding of the considered process with an awareness of the cause and consequences of it. And this is a qualitative increase in the awareness of the processes taking place in society with access to the understanding of processes that are invisible and intangible at first. You can't fight what you can't see or feel. Of course, you can complain out loud: this is not so, this is not so, only there will be no sense until there is a qualitative awareness of the information received. Then it will become clear: here, there is such and such a process, resources are taken from here, the result of the process is such and such. It will become clear, but is this a natural process at all? If the process is launched on purpose, who benefits from it and what bonus is received by the process launcher. The consequences for the process selected by the authors are usually of no interest to anyone, since this is how it is conceived from the very beginning. From here it will become clear what actions should be taken in order to achieve a specific positive result for oneself and not only for oneself. Now, if the author of the article considered the subject. articles thoroughly, showing what is hidden, but exists objectively and really, it would be useful to all readers, maybe someone thought about it, what for ..., what ...., and what should be done? All the best.))

Whatever the week, then a call from the clinic - come for an examination, for vaccination, for analysis! This is annoying, interferes with the calm flow of life and upsets family plans, in the end. And yet, visiting doctors "on schedule" is extremely important, because any violations in the development of the child are most easily corrected during the first two years. So that the next visit to the doctor does not turn out to be an unpleasant surprise for you, carefully study our article.

Up to 1 month

While the child is very tiny, you do not need to visit the clinic: Doctors come to the house themselves. The health visitor will visit the newborn frequently to check on their condition, assess the speed of healing of the umbilical wound and answer questions from parents regarding child care (don't miss the opportunity to ask!). The pediatrician will also visit the baby several times. The doctor will examine the baby to rule out congenital pathologies (heart disease or pyloric stenosis, for example), evaluate weight and height gain, monitor neurological development, give advice on breastfeeding, etc. Vaccinations Even in the maternity hospital, the child should receive two vaccinations: BCG. A vaccine against tuberculosis, which in young children can develop rapidly and in very severe forms. Vaccination is carried out already on the third day after birth. Hepatitis B. Fortunately, babies are rarely infected with this dangerous disease (the virus is transmitted only through contact with blood). But if this does happen, the disease is incredibly difficult. That is why the first vaccination against hepatitis B is done in the very first days of life (the vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations).

1-3 months

A one-month-old baby begins to make visits to the clinic “on his own”. From now on, the pediatrician must be visited monthly - for a dispensary examination. Each time, the doctor will measure height, weight, chest and head volume, as well as evaluate the skills of the crumbs. In addition, the pediatrician will give you referrals to other specialists. It is necessary that at the age of 1-2 months the child is examined:
-Neurologist. This doctor will evaluate the baby's reflexes, his muscle tone, activity, head growth rate, etc. If necessary, the doctor will give a referral for an ultrasound of the brain through the fontanel - neurosonography (NSG). Based on the results of the examination and examination, the doctor will tell you when it will be necessary to visit him next time (a healthy child is usually invited for an examination in 3-4 months).

Oculist. The doctor will look at the child's eyes, evaluate his vision, exclude inflammatory diseases, and then set the date for the next visit. A healthy baby will need an ophthalmologist now only closer to 6-7 months.

ENT doctor. This specialist will evaluate the child's hearing and exclude certain congenital disorders. If the baby is in perfect order, then the next visit to the otorhinolaryngologist can be planned for 12 months.

Orthopedic surgeon. It checks the state of the musculoskeletal system and excludes pathologies such as congenital hip dislocation or, for example, muscular torticollis. If necessary, the surgeon will give a referral for an ultrasound of the hip joints.

Vaccinations A one-month-old toddler needs a second hepatitis B vaccination.

3-4 months

In addition to the pediatrician (monthly), the child will again be examined by a neurologist and, possibly, an orthopedist. In addition, the pediatrician will give you referrals for a complete blood and urine test - these must be taken before you go for vaccinations (test results are valid for 2 weeks). DTP vaccinations. This is a pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (there are many vaccines - both domestic and foreign). Whooping cough is deadly for young children - it can cause respiratory arrest. It is probably unnecessary to talk about the danger of diphtheria and tetanus. The vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations in the first year of life and revaccination a year after the last, third, injection. Attention! Before the first vaccination, it is necessary to take blood and urine tests, as well as obtain permission to vaccinate from a neurologist. Polio vaccination. This viral infection can lead to disability or even death of the baby, and the smaller the child, the higher the risk of death. The vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations in the first year of life (the first two - intramuscularly, the third time - drops) and 2 revaccinations in the second year of life (drops). Haemophilus influenzae vaccine. This bacterium is the main causative agent of otitis media, bronchitis and pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. Vaccination can drastically reduce the number of such diseases and reduce the need for antibiotics. The vaccination course includes 3 vaccinations in the first year of life and 1 revaccination in the second.

4-6 months

During this period, you will have: monthly visits to the pediatrician; examination by a neurologist (at 6 months) - the doctor will assess the development of the child, check his reflexes and muscle tone; appointment with an ophthalmologist (at 6 months) - for re-evaluation of vision and exclusion of strabismus. If necessary, a six-month-old baby will be re-examined by an orthopedist and / or an ENT doctor. Vaccinations 1.5 months after the first Vaccination (that is, at 4.5 months if the first vaccine was administered at 3 months), vaccination against: pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus is repeated; hemophilic infection; poliomyelitis (intramuscularly). The third vaccination is carried out 1.5 months after the second (that is, at 6 months, if the first vaccination was done at 3 months, and the second at 4.5 months). Also at 6 months, the third and final vaccination against hepatitis B is given.

7-11 months

At this time, a healthy little one needs only monthly examinations by a pediatrician - with the already familiar weighing, measuring growth and discussing pressing developmental issues (teething, ongoing introduction of complementary foods, etc.).

Without a pediatrician - nowhere: you need to take stock of the first year of a child's life - how he grew up, what he ate, whether he was healthy, etc. In addition, you should visit:

Neurologist. The doctor will evaluate the psychomotor and speech development of the child - how the baby moves, what he can do, what he knows, whether he can speak, etc.

Oculist. The doctor will check the child's vision and once again make sure that he does not have strabismus.

Orthopedist. A specialist will help you choose the first shoes for your baby.

Dentist. The new doctor on your list will assess the condition of your teething teeth, give advice on how to care for them, and tell you how often you will need to return for follow-up checkups (once every 3 months, once every 6 months, or, for example, once a year).

Vaccinations

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Up to a year, this vaccination is not done, because protective antibodies received from the mother during fetal development still “float” in the baby’s blood. However, by 12 months they are destroyed - and the baby remains completely defenseless against viruses that cause serious diseases. Vaccination is carried out once, and revaccination will be done when the child is 6 years old.

13-17 months

If the pediatrician examined the child at 12 months, then the next visit to this doctor will be scheduled only at 15 months. The good news is that throughout the second year of life, the pediatrician will examine the baby every 3 months. The scheme of visits remains the same: measurement of height and weight, assessment of development and consultation of the mother on all issues of interest to her.

One and half year

Doctors At 18 months, the baby is sent for a traditional examination to the pediatrician, and also, if necessary, to one of the specialists (neurologist, ophthalmologist, etc.). It is also advisable to visit an orthopedist.

Vaccinations

In a year and a half, the first revaccination against polio is carried out (drops in the mouth), and two months later - the second. 2 years Doctors The obligatory program includes a visit to the pediatrician with summarizing the results of the second year of the child's life. The doctor will certainly give you directions for a general blood and urine test (unless, of course, he did this before). In addition, the baby must be shown to a neurologist - he will assess the psychomotor and speech development of the child and advise which educational games to play with him.