Popular tourist routes and sightseeing objects of the region. Organization and implementation of tourist and excursion routes for the travel agency LLC "Dobrodey". stage: Determining the technique of conducting an excursion

INTRODUCTION

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE REGION AS A BASIS FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF TOURIST SERVICES

1.1 Historical features of the settlement and ethnic structure of the population of the Vologda Territory

2 The contiguity of regions as a consequence of territorial and administrative reforms and the objective basis for joint socio-economic projects (on the example of the Vologda Oblast, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic)

2. THE PLACE OF THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION IN REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL TOURISM

2.1 Tourism potential of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast as the basis of tourism activities

1.1 Babushkinsky district

1.2 Velikoustyugsky district

1.3 Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district

1.4 Nikolsky district

1.5 Nyuksensky district

1.6 Tarnogsky district

1.7 Totemsky district

2 Assessment of the level of involvement of municipalities in the modern tourism practice of the region and the country

3. PROJECT OF THE TOURIST AND EXCURSION ROUTE IN THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION "FOLLOWING THE FOOTSTEPS OF ZAVOLOCHSKAYA CHUDI"

3.1 Conceptual basis of the route project

2 The program of the tourist-excursion route and its economic justification

3 Tourist and excursion route promotion program

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED SOURCES

APPENDIX 1 Distribution of Chud Zavolochskaya

APPENDIX 2 Form of sociological research

APPENDIX 3 Hospitality industry of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast

APPENDIX 4 Tourist display objects of the Babushkinsky district

APPENDIX 5 Tourist display objects of the Velikoustyugsky district

APPENDIX 6 Tourist display objects of the Kichmeng-Gorodets region

APPENDIX 7 Tourist display objects of Nikolsky district

APPENDIX 8 Tourist display objects of Nyuksensky district

APPENDIX 9 Tourist display objects of the Tarnogsky district

APPENDIX 10 Tourist display objects of Totemsky district

Annex 11 Technological map of the tourist-excursion route in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast "In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya"

APPENDIX 12 Information leaflet for a tourist trip to the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast "In the footsteps of the Zavolochskaya Chud"

APPENDIX 13 Schemes of the tourist and excursion route in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast "In the footsteps of the Zavolochskaya Chud"

INTRODUCTION

Relevance of the research topic. Tourism is a dynamically developing branch of the national economy and the world economy; becomes the largest integration business. Globalization in the field of tourism has some features: on the one hand, the positive impact of globalization is noticeable (it stimulates innovation, international cooperation), on the other hand, it causes three uneven distribution of benefits, the threat of backwardness, the loss of the identity of traditional culture. In the conditions of the current state of Russia in the development of tourism, there is a focus on stimulating domestic and inbound (national) tourism. However, this does not exempt the country's tourism sector from the impact of globalization factors in their positive and negative impact.

Today's rapidly growing global tourism market is characterized by both cooperation and competition. There is also an uneven dynamics of tourism, as well as the existing contrast of the tourist space. There is an unbalanced tourist flow, undeveloped interest in certain territories, unformed tourist destinations. There is a problem of antithesis of expectations from tourism and real results. Recognition of significant tourism opportunities is not supported by effective management, poor use of resources does not lead to the desired efficiency of the industry. Often this is due to the socio-demographic characteristics of the regions.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is a problem of small territories remote from the regional center, insufficiently identified and used socio-economic and cultural potential of their originality and uniqueness. Small towns and territories, of course, are inferior to medium and large ones in terms of the amount of cultural heritage, the number of display objects and the quality of their presentation, their role in the ideas that have developed in society. One of the ways to solve problems in the development of tourism in such areas is not only to identify, but also to design attractions.

The purpose of the final qualifying work is to design a tourist-excursion route "In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya", which will pass through the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast, on the one hand, remote from its regional center, but close to neighboring Vologda Oblasts, which can be an interesting advantage for development the tourism sector.

To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were identified:

-study the socio-demographic and historical features of the region, important for the development of tourism;

-explore the potential for creating tourism projects in adjacent territories: the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic;

-to analyze the tourist potential of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast;

-develop a draft tourist-excursion route through the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast.

The object of the study is tourism in the eastern regions of the Vologda region. The subject of the study is ways to increase the tourist attractiveness of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast and their effective development, the possibility of creating an effective tourist-excursion route.

When performing the final qualifying work, empirical and theoretical research methods were used: description, systematization and generalization of material on the theory of the chosen topic, analysis, classification, modeling, deduction and induction methods, structuring, abstraction and argumentation, historical method; participant observation, questioning, interviewing, testing, comparison, measurement, graphical method.

The set goal and objectives of the study required an appeal to several groups of sources: theoretical, legal and empirical.

Theoretical sources should be divided into literature that clarifies the basic concepts: “Russian North”, “socio-economic resources of tourism”, “tourist potential”, etc. The books of such authors as E.I. Arsenyeva, Yu.A. Kireeva, O.T. Loiko, N.A. Makarov, N.V. Sycheva, A.G. Khropov and others. Sources revealing the history of the Russian North and its ethnic characteristics are presented by the authors: A.N. Bashenkin, P.S. Efimenko, V.O. Klyuchevsky, V.S. Novikov, N.A. Pavlovich, I.V. Vlasova, S.D. Zakharov, A.A. Ugryumov, V.L. Yanin and others. Important information is provided by the studies of the authors: M.V. Ivanishcheva, V.A. Lazhentsev, A.B. Permilovskaya, E.O. Ushakova, S.A. Vdovina, business magazine "Expert S-Z", etc.

The regulatory framework of the study includes the State Standards, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Target Program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011 - 2018)", "On the basics of tourism activities in the Russian Federation", Strategies for the socio-economic development of territories in period until 2020, the Charter of the Limited Liability Company "Hotel-Tour".

The empirical base of the work was: official websites of the municipal districts of the Vologda Oblast, the concept of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia", the official website of cultures in the Vologda Oblast, public reports on the results of the activities of the heads of districts for 2015-2016, etc., as well as research conducted by the author.

The set goal and objectives determined the following structure of the final qualification work:

-introduction, where the relevance of the study is substantiated, goals and objectives are set, the object, subject and methods of research are defined, the range of literature and sources used, and the expected scientific and practical significance of the study and the structure of the work are described.

-the first section, which defines the basic concepts that are significant for the study, the social, ethnic and historical features of the region, and also substantiates the importance of the contiguity of regions as the basis for joint socio-economic projects;

-the second section, where the tourist potential of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast is studied and the level of involvement of municipalities in regional and interregional tourism is assessed;

-the third section, designing a tourist-excursion route, consists of the conceptual framework of the project, the program of the tourist-excursion route and economic justification, as well as the program for its promotion.

-conclusion, in which the main conclusions are made and the results of the study are summed up.

The final qualifying work, as well as the research carried out within its framework and the designed tourist product, have a certain practical significance. The implementation of the project will not only contribute to the rational distribution of the tourist flow within the Vologda Region, but will also contribute to solving a wide range of socio-economic and cultural problems.

The study was tested at the 46th student scientific and practical conference (Vologda State University, March 2017).

1. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE REGION AS A BASIS FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF TOURIST SERVICES

In the modern world of globalization, this trend can also be seen in tourism: the integration of tourism enterprises, the implementation of similar tourism programs, the tendency to identity of tourism products. At the same time, the excessive standardization of consumption characteristics and service delivery patterns in a number of countries has a negative impact on local culture. Therefore, along with the tendencies of internationalization and unification, opposite directions of activity of preserving uniqueness and national identity are also very important.

Nowadays, domestic tourism has begun to develop more actively in Russia. In order to increase the competitiveness and tourist attractiveness of a territory or enterprise, to avoid the monotony of the tourist services offered, they are diversified, i.e. expansion of the range of available services and products, reorientation of sales markets, development of new types of services in order to increase efficiency, obtain an economic effect. According to the definition of T. Efremova, diversification means rejection of narrow specialization in the production of any goods and services, expansion of the scope of production. Horizontal diversification in tourism consists in the organization of such activities as the opening of new routes, directions, the development of new types of tourism, etc.

The introduction of certain innovations in tourism activities gives impetus to the production of a mass or unique tourism product. However, not only innovations can serve as the basis for qualitative changes in tourism services. The existing specificity of the object has the ability to bring exclusivity, originality to the tourist product, and as a result, to benefit from both the consumption of the tourist product and the provision of tourist services.

One of the ways to solve problems in the context of the development of the tourism sector of individual territories, in particular, highlighting their features, is to study the socio-demographic specifics of the region, its modeling and presentation.

1.1Historical Features of Settlement and Ethnic Structure of the Population of the Vologda Territory

Russia is a multinational country; various peoples and ethnic groups live on its territory with their own history and original culture, traditions and customs. This diversity suggests that Russia has significant potential for the creation and development of unique tourist products within the framework of cultural and educational tourism, including ethnographic tourism, both in the country as a whole and in individual regions.

The Vologda region has long been part of the Russian North . The stable geocultural concept "Russian North" is often used as the name of one of the historical provinces of the country, which does not have and did not have clear administrative boundaries. From time immemorial, the region has preserved samples of the ethnic heritage of the local and immigrated, and then united and rooted Russian people. The definition of "Russian North" lies in the fact that it simultaneously carries the geographical name of the North, the European North, and the ethnic toponym "Russian". Consequently, the development of the Russian North took place with the direct participation of the Russian people.

According to a number of authors from the Siberian branch of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, the Russian North is perceived not as a geographical concept, but as a place for the development of an original modification of Russian culture and a special cultural space.

The formation of the Russian North, as well as the Old Russian state, as a whole, went through a difficult path of transformation. Now, the "Russian North" means the territory from the interfluve of the Volga and Sukhona to the White and Barents Seas, including the modern Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Murmansk regions, the north of the Leningrad region, as well as Karelia and the Komi Republic.

The Russian chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years" names the peoples who, along with the Slavs, took part in the formation of the Old Russian state. These were the Varangians, Russ, Chud, All, Merya and a number of other peoples, also belonging to the Baltic, Turkic and Finno-Ugric tribes.

Asking the question about the development of the European North of Rus' and its ethnic structure, it is necessary to compare several points of view and facts.

The first people on the territory of the Vologda Territory are the tribes of hunters and fishermen, that is, the pre-Slavic population of the region. The development of the region by the Slavs took place in the VI-XI centuries. In the XI-XIII centuries. there was a Russian colonization of the northern outskirts of Ancient Rus' from the Novgorod and Rostov-Suzdal lands.

There is an opinion that by the time the colonization of the northern lands began, a large Finnish population already existed here, and the colonization itself was reduced to the establishment of the power of Russian princes over the northern territories. So, according to the historian P. Efimenko, the colonization by the Slavs had the goal of conquering and imposing tribute on local tribes.

The next position belongs to the ethnographer of the population of the European (Russian) North I.V. Vlasova, who also suggests that the development of the North from the very initial stages proceeded in close cooperation between the Slavs and the local Finno-Ugric peoples.

Historians V.O. Klyuchevsky and S.F. Platonov, recognized the existence of a local Finnish-speaking population in the North and believed that it played a subordinate role in the history of the North. Based on their research, these peoples were completely assimilated on Russian soil.

According to local historian N.V. Ilyinsky, the territory of the modern Nyuksensky district of the Vologda region is old-developed. The first people came to this land no later than 25 thousand years ago in the Paleolithic era. During the first millennium BC. e. and up to the XII century. Finno-Ugric tribes lived here. Russian chronicler of the 11th century. Nestor calls the primitive population of the North "Chud and all the tongues".

In order to more accurately reveal the ethnic map of the Vologda region, it reflects 150 Mesolithic sites in all Vologda regions from Chagodoshcha and Vytegra in the west to Veliky Ustyug and Kichmengsky Gorodok in the east. . Initially, the attention of archaeologists turned out to be focused on the problem of ethnic attribution of the antiquities of the North, on clarifying the Slavic or Finnish affiliation of individual monuments and their groups, and the issues of development were also touched upon along the way. So, judging by the typology of the Mesolithic inventory of the northeastern regions of the region, a population of mixed origin lived here, who had connections with the Kama region, the Volga-Oka interfluve and the Baltic. Also, the study by archaeologists of pit-comb ceramics made it possible to talk about resettlement in the Vologda Territory in 3 thousand BC. e. Finno-Ugric tribes. These tribes, in all likelihood, were the main inhabitants of the region in the era from 1 thousand BC. e. to the middle of 1 thousand AD e. .

Evidence of the existence of the Chud tribes in the North can serve as their remaining heritage and remnants. The material monuments include the surviving settlements, the place of Chud parking, wooden log cabins and mounds (grave mounds). In these places, objects of Chud culture are found: tools, jewelry, utensils, etc. Indisputable evidence of the existence of Chud in our area is the fact that many names of settlements and rivers of Finno-Ugric origin: Ledenga, Pes-Edenga, Yurmanga, Totma, Tsareva etc., with the suffix “-ga”, “-na”, “-va”, etc., corresponding to their language. etc. In the Finno-Ugric language there is the concept of a city - “Kar”, therefore, the additional word “kar, mountains” is often used in the names of settlements, for example, Kholmogory. Also, the word "chud" itself is included in some toponyms of the Russian North, for example, Chuchkovo, Lake Peipsi, etc.

As for the spiritual heritage of the Chud, it is possible to rank pagan holidays - “brotherhoods”, as well as the melodiousness of the speech of the local population, changing the endings of some words, for example, changing the ending “-shsha” to “-se” (you are afraid - scare), and so the same "ejection" of some vowels from words (does - does).

So, we can conclude that as the territory was developed, ethnic, historical and cultural phenomena arose. As a result of the consolidation of the local people and the Finno-Ugric ethnic group, specific features of folk culture appeared, which will be further proved in more depth.

Thus, the settlement of the Vologda Territory as part of the Russian North took place in several stages:

1.The first settlements

The history of the development of the region, according to archaeologists, began more than 25 thousand years ago. There was a penetration of hunters and fishermen into the territory of the modern Vologda Territory, then settlements of the ancient Caucasoid group arose.

2.Finno-Ugric period, which began in the I century. n. e.

The region was filled with settlements of the Chud (Finno-Ugric) tribes. Data on the initial period of the settlement of the North by the Slavs are available in written sources. These include the testimonies of the Scandinavian sagas, Danish and Anglo-Saxon chronicles of the 9th-12th centuries, concerning the campaigns of the Scandinavians to the North and their relationship with the local inhabitants - the Biarmians. Judging by the Scandinavian sagas, the Biarmians were able to unite all Finnish ethnic groups into one state. Biarmia (an ancient country in the north of Eastern Europe, founded in the 8th century AD), thus laid the foundation for Russian statehood in the vastness of Eastern Europe. However, in the future, it itself turned out to be only a small territory with a half-forgotten Zavolochskaya Chud. There are archaeological data about early contacts with the Chud in the "Varangian period" of the history of the Vologda region (XI-XII centuries) (Korbal burial ground in the lower reaches of the Vaga, etc.), as well as evidence in local legends and traditions that survived until the XX century. .

The eastern part of the Vologda Territory was named Zavolochye in the 11th-13th centuries, since the Novgorod earpieces from the 11th century. they laid paths beyond Lake Onega, to the Dvina, Pechora, in the Urals, arranging portage as necessary. The Novgorodians called the Finno-Ugric tribes the Zavolochskaya Chud (Appendix 1). Zavolochye is a huge region left without its official history. Citizens of Russia, including residents of the very past Zavolochye, know less about their history than about the history of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome.

3.Slavic colonization.

At the beginning of the Slavic colonization (V-VII centuries), the North was inhabited by Finno-Ugric (Chud) tribes, further assimilating with the Slavs in the Vologda land and the Russian North. The development (not conquest) of the northern outskirts was carried out by Novgorodians and Rostovites. The North became the first geographical area that became part of the ancient Russian statehood as a result of colonization.

Within the framework of a single culture, local features existed and still exist, i.e. features inherent in a particular ethnic group, which in turn appear due to a number of circumstances. A striking example is the Russian North in general, and the Vologda Oblast in particular.

Consequently, the presence of separate ethnographic groups within the ethnically single population is traced, which in turn differ in the local dialect and features of spiritual and material culture. During the development of lands, both communication and contact between peoples take place, as well as an analysis of the results of this process, and the perception by the peoples of the knowledge and experience gained, which was later expressed in the forms of folk ethnic culture and folklore.

The ethnic culture of the Vologda Oblast has retained the most archaic, local features. It is characterized by the relationship with the natural environment and the centuries-old experience of folk life, the traditions of the ethnic group. “The Russian North has a pronounced ethnic specificity in the east. Creating a cultural space, a person embodied his understanding of the laws of nature, a vision of the world, which manifested itself through the phenomena of traditional culture - a settlement, a dwelling and a temple, ”stressed A.B. Permelovskaya. Thus, the Finno-Ugric tribes made a significant contribution to the ethnic culture of the Russian North as a whole and the east of the Vologda Oblast.

The Finno-Ugric peoples are a linguistic community of peoples who speak Finno-Ugric languages, living in Western Siberia, Central, Northern and Eastern Europe. The Finno-Ugric peoples include tribes bearing the names "Chud", "Ves", "Merya", etc. However, according to some sources, the previously named tribes were generally called Chud.

Initially, according to V. Strakhov, all northwestern Finns were called Chud, then historians confused Chud with Estonians. In the legends, the Chud is presented as a character of mythical time or an ancient (“former”, “other”, “old”) people. There are many controversial points of view about the roots of this people. The people named "all" are considered to be of Chud origin, similarly, until 1917, the Veps people were officially called the Chud people. Ancient Rus' united all small Finnish tribes under one common name Chud. In general terms, the concept of "chud" looks like a collective old Russian name for a number of tribes and peoples, as a rule, the Finno-Ugric community.

The etymology of the word "chud" in the public mind is synonymous with the incomprehensible, "wonderful" language of the ethnic group. However, it is worth mentioning that the adjective "alien" has the same root as "chud". Also, the ethnonym is comparable to the Norwegian words "cutte, cuđe" and Swedish čute, čud e" and is translated as "a pursuer, a robber, the name of an enemy who oppresses the Lapps (in fairy tales)". Thus, a single definition of the ethnonym "Chud" does not exist for this period.

Chud Zavolochskaya - so they said in relation to the ancestors of the modern Komi people living on the territory of the Komi Republic of the Russian Federation. The modern Chud is the descendants of the Zavolotsk Chud, which is placed by written sources within the boundaries of the current Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions. However, in the 20th century, after the return of most of the Finno-Ugric peoples to their indigenous names (Izuri, Komi, etc.), the ethnonym Chud lost its owner

Chud Zavolochskaya is an ancient pre-Slavic population of Zavolochye, which to this day is in some way a historical mystery. The term was put into use by the chronicler of the 11th century. Nestor in The Tale of Bygone Years. Novgorodians, having penetrated to the North, according to an ingrained habit, called the entire non-Russian population Chudsky and called them Zavolochsky Chud. The Zavolochan also became a "wonder", although their true ethnic name (or names) remained unknown.

Now the most numerous of the peoples of the European North are Russians, thanks to the assimilation of the Finno-Ugric and Slavic tribes. Their rooting in this territory covers the period from the XII century. according to the 17th century As V.O. Klyuchevsky, a well-known Russian historian, the meeting of Rus' and Chud was peaceful. Neither in written monuments, nor in the folk legends of the Great Russians did any memories of the stubborn and widespread struggle of the newcomers with the natives survive [here and further: 26].

The Great Russians or Great Russians are the main ethnic group that is part of the Russian people-nation, originally living within the boundaries of the historical formation of the Russians: Central Russia and the Russian North.

The formation of the Great Russian tribe was due to a mixture of elements of Slavic and Finnish, with the former predominating. As V.O. Klyuchevsky, many physical and moral features, inherited from the Finns who dissolved in it, penetrated into the Russian environment. Finnish features appeared:

in appearance (cheekiness, the predominance of swarthyness and dark eye color, etc.);

in speech;

in beliefs (worship of stones and trees, because stone and birch are Finnish cult objects. The gods of both tribes were divided among themselves: the Finnish gods sat in the abyss, the Russians sat in the sky);

in signs (all seasons, every month, the number of the month have certain meanings; all observations were tied to the names of saints and holidays).

Pomors are also considered the indigenous ethnic group of the North. Almost the entire territory of the modern Russian North is called Pomorie, including the Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda regions, the republics of Karelia and Komi. Their culture was not brought from Great Russia, but arose in the course of a gradual merger of local Finno-Ugric cultures and the culture of the Old Russian (but not Great Russian) population.

So, as a result of historical and ethno-cultural phenomena, the Russian North was formed as a single historical and cultural zone. Thanks to the constant ethnic interaction, the Russian North turns out to be multi-ethnic in terms of the composition of the population, for the reason that there was a constant migration of peasants, then their development and assimilation with the civilizations of various peoples that were part of the past Russia. The ancient population of the Vologda region were Finno-Ugric tribes. It can be concluded that the Chud tribes are the ancestors of modern indigenous people. Interethnic communication contributed to the mutual influence and mutual enrichment of the material and spiritual folk culture of the Russian North. The history of the Vologda land is inseparable from the general history of the Russian North. The Vologda Territory, being part of the Russian North, has preserved samples of ethnic heritage. In general, the Russian North is a reserve of ancient Russian culture, where the indigenous population and its identity are of interest.

1.2The contiguity of regions as a consequence of territorial and administrative reforms and the objective basis for joint socio-economic projects (on the example of the Vologda Oblast, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic)

Adjacent territories - border, adjacent, related, close, having common boundaries of the territory. The contiguity of regions should be distinguished according to several criteria, which are given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 - Criteria for contiguity of regions

Name of the factor Description Geographic Commonness of natural and climatic conditions (climate type, natural zone, prevailing temperatures, etc.) Economic the way of life of the peoples of the region, the unity of architectural styles, etc. Historical Historical events associated with adjacent territories, their concomitant contribution in historical significance Personalistic Historical figures, famous people who are associated with adjacent regions, their biography

Each region is considered unique, but has common features with adjacent territories. During the periods of formation of the region until the moment it is presented today, the region has historically transformed, which affected its potential in interaction with border areas.

The development of the region in the context of adjacent territories is one of the ways to improve the socio-economic situation of the area and increase interest in the all-Russian culture in general, in particular, drawing attention to the cultural, spiritual, natural, ethnic, historical heritage of the regions of Russia.

The Russian Federation, according to Article 5 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, today consists of 85 subjects. All subjects of the Russian Federation (regions of Russia) are united into eight federal districts: Northwestern, Central, Southern, North Caucasian, Volga, Urals, Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts.

The regions of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia occupy an advantageous geopolitical position and are adjacent to each other. The Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic, which have become adjacent territories today, have a common cultural and historical space. Cultural space, according to A.N. Bystrov: "this is a space for the implementation of social programs, goals and interests, the dissemination of ideas and views, language and traditions, beliefs and norms" .

The natural features and the history of the development of the regions left a special imprint on the material and spiritual culture of the Northern Great Russians - a special ethno-cultural part of the Russian people. Their culture and way of life has always differed from the culture and way of life of the Russian people in the central and southern regions of the country.

The adjacency of territories makes it possible to single out a new approach to the organization of socio-economic projects, in particular tourism and excursion business, to create other joint tourist routes.

The Republic of Komi, Arkhangelsk and Vologda Oblasts are assessed as equivalent in terms of economic potential, having their own strengths and weaknesses in development. Their spatial integration, under certain external conditions, could serve as a significant factor in increasing positive effects and smoothing out negative ones.

Of course, the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic and their administrative-territorial units have a similar potential in the development of tourism. The transfer of the experience of some regions to others with similar conditions is of great importance for the development of localities. For example, the experience in developing the Solvychegodsk experience economy can be used in the future in the practice of tourism in other territories, in this case, adjacent ones. So, Solvychegodsk is known as the birthplace of the fictional "writer Kozma Prutkov", where tourist routes are laid in his honor, a museum has been created, and the festival of humor named after Kozma Prutkov is held annually in July.

It is advisable to study the state of tourism in the selected areas and their tourism potential. Based on the point of view on the definition of tourism potential, N. Svyatokho interprets it as a set of natural, historical and cultural objects and phenomena, as well as socio-economic and technological prerequisites for organizing tourism activities in a certain area.

The Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Vologda Oblast for the period up to 2020 states that the tourism sector is a promising area of ​​development and that "the development of tourism and recreational potential The Vologda Oblast has a rich historical, cultural, natural, recreational and ethnographic potential" . Priority tourism projects (clusters of the Vologda Oblast) are:

"Veliky Ustyug - Homeland of Father Frost";

"Nason-city";

Central city embankment of Cherepovets;

"Vytegorie - the ship's side";

"Northern Thebaid", etc.

The presence of unique cultural, historical and natural sites are important prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Arkhangelsk region. Among the attractive objects for the development of tourism, the Solovetsky Archipelago and the Kenozero National Park, the nature of the Arkhangelsk region can be highlighted.

The Komi Republic in recent years has been characterized by an increase in the volume of tourist services provided to the population, which can be traced by an increase in consumer interest in tourism products and attractions of the Komi Republic. The strategy of socio-economic development of the Komi Republic for the period up to 2020 highlights the most promising tourism projects:

"Finno-Ugric ethno-cultural park";

development of health tourism;

the birthplace of the fictional "writer Kozma Prutkov";

historical center "GULAG", etc.

Obviously, the Vologda Oblast is a close, related, adjacent region, primarily with the Arkhangelsk Oblast. In addition, it is impossible to underestimate the features of the natural and geographical space of the two regions: firstly, these regions directly border on each other, and secondly, regions with a long winter period, which means that there are common features in the living conditions of the peoples inhabiting the regions. This unites them in space and in the concept of "Russian North". The Russian North is becoming one of the most popular tourist destinations.

Common features in the relationship between the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions:

former territories of the Vologda province on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region;

the territory of the European North, the Russian North;

A.A. Borisov, member of the SKLIA, painter of the Arctic, his works are kept in the Museum of Artistic Exploration of the Arctic;

general features of the settlement of the regions;

the history of the construction of the Northern Railway;

way M.Yu. Lomonosov to Moscow;

"Northern Thebaid": monasteries of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, etc.

The Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic entered the established Association for Interregional Cooperation in the Field of Tourism. The Association was created to implement the policy in the field of tourism through interregional cooperation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The goals of the organization are to provide conditions for the interaction of regions, the use of resources for the development of tourism and the provision of related services.

The tourism project between the Republic of Komi and the Vologda Oblast, announced as part of the XIV Interregional Exhibition of Tourism Services and Hospitality Technologies "Gate of the North", and which was held from April 14 to 15, 2017, is planned to be implemented under the brand and the interregional tourism project of Russia at the same time " Silver necklace of Russia. The project is associated with the development and implementation of tours with the destination of Father Frost's Estate (Vologda Oblast) and the Finno-Ugric Ethnopark (Komi Republic). As the press service of the Finno-Ugric Park told Vestnik ATOR, specific proposals for interested Vologda tour operators and measures for the further launch of tours will be presented this year.

As is known, for the development and implementation of relevant tourism projects, it is necessary to have socio-economic tourism resources in the regions. Socio-economic resources of tourism - a set of objects and phenomena of an anthropogenic nature that are necessary for the most effective development of the tourism industry in a country or region. Social and economic resources include:

1.Informational resources.

Socio-economic tourism resources of the eastern regions considered below include directly information resources in the form of information carriers about the history and development of territories, its traditions and customs, sights, memorable places, information about tourist infrastructure. Also data relating to the demographic situation, ethnic structure and culture, natural and environmental components, and some others. Information corresponding to the requests of the tourist is issued when he makes a trip. The necessary information is issued in the form of a narration by a guide, guide or audio guide, or is issued in the form of a guidebook, map, tourist guide. Tourist information about a tourist area can be presented on official websites, on official pages of social networks, on tourist websites, as well as other sources on the Internet.

2.Labor resources.

Human resources, various professionally qualified groups associated with both the main and non-main activities in the field of tourism.

3.Financial resources.

Financial resources play a significant role in the tourism sector. There are several main ways to receive funds in the tourism sector: investing; thanks to income from the stay of tourists; with the help of income that can be received from the activities of both the main and related industries.

4.management resources.

Hierarchical management structure of the tourism industry, established in a particular country or region. In Russia, state regulation in the field of tourism is carried out at the federal, regional and local levels of government.

5.tourism infrastructure.

The tourism infrastructure is a necessary condition for the development of recreational resources and the development of the tourism industry in the region. The structure of the tourist infrastructure includes: accommodation facilities, catering facilities, recreation and entertainment facilities, sports facilities, cultural institutions, transport infrastructure.

The transport connection necessary for making trips between the Vologda Oblast and the Arkhangelsk Oblast, between the Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic exists. Intercity railway communication through the Vologda region: Arkhangelsk-Moscow; Arkhangelsk-St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk-Adler. Syktyvkar-Moscow, Syktyvkar-Vologda. Intercity flights on a shuttle vehicle to the city of Veliky Ustyug from the Arkhangelsk region. River voyages from the city of Kotlas, Arkhangelsk region to the city of Veliky Ustyug, Vologda region. The M8 highway connects the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions. There is no single highway linking the Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic. However, the M8 highway and the P176 highway, which leads to the Komi Republic, are connected by a road following through the cities of Totma and Veliky Ustyug in the Vologda Region, then through the Kirov Region.

The contiguity of regions is a consequence of the transformation of the boundaries of territories, changes in the structure of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their administrative centers. Territorial and administrative reforms, according to V.K. Egorov, candidate of historical sciences, these are transformations introduced by legislative means aimed at improving the territorial structure and optimizing the state administration system. Considering the territorial and administrative reforms specifically in the Vologda Oblast, their frequency has been noticed throughout the history of the northern region. In order to show the transformations more concretely, they should be described after the period of the final development of the North.

The administrative-territorial structure of the Vologda Oblast (formerly the Vologda Governorate) has gone through a difficult path of transformation. An important milestone in the development of the Russian state, according to I.V. Vlasov, appeared in the 17th century, namely, what happened:

the final development of the main northern regions;

the establishment of economic ties due to the division of production between individual regions;

weakening the isolation of peoples;

cessation of the mass influx of population from outside, tk. the Russian population was formed, thus its ethnic composition did not change and new ethnic ties did not arise;

ebb of the North Russian population to the uninhabited regions of the state [here and below: 60].

Vologda land, Vologda region as concepts include the central regions of the Russian North, which in various historical periods were associated with Vologda. The Vologda land is understood mainly as the territory of the former Vologda province and, with some changes, the current Vologda region and those areas that, in various historical periods, "entered" or "left" its composition, but remained associated with the central regions of the North.

In the 17th century the process of formation of the North Russian ethnographic community, its socio-economic and cultural-ethnological features is being completed. The European North has acquired signs of a single economic and cultural macroterritory.

The concept of "Vologda province" was first officially introduced in 1780 under Catherine II. However, soon the "province" was transformed into a "province" and included in the Arkhangelsk province. Then, as part of the Arkhangelsk province and as part of the Veliky Ustyug province, the Vologda governorate was formed, which was divided into two regions and twelve counties.

According to the decree of Paul I "On the new division of the state into provinces", the newly formed Vologda province included the following counties: Vologda, Velsky (now part of the Arkhangelsk region), Gryazovetsky, Totemsky, Kadnikovsky, Velikoustyugsky, Nikolsky, Ust-Sysolsky (now part of Republics of Komi), Solvychegodsky and Yarensky (at the moment the territories are located as part of the Arkhangelsk region). So, in 1796, a separate Vologda province arose, the length of which was from Lake Kubenskoye to the Ural Mountains and was almost 1300 km, and from north to south 600 km.

As for the pre-revolutionary era, there were practically no special transformations on the administrative map of the Vologda region and adjacent territories. Except in the middle of the 19th century. the center of the Olonets province (belongs to the Republic of Kaleliya) was almost transferred to Vytegra, which already gravitated towards Vologda.

Beginning in 1917, various administrative changes became more frequent. In 1918, the Cherepovets province was formed on part of the Novgorod lands, and the Vologda province was also divided. Five of its eastern counties (Veliko-Ustyugsky, Nikolsky, Solvychegodsky, Ust-Sysolsky and Yarensky) were separated into a separate North Dvina province with the center in the city of Veliky Ustyug. Five counties remained in the Vologda province: Vologda, Kadnikovsky, Gryazovetsky, Velsky and Totemsky, which turned the region into the smallest area in its history. However, then the Cherepovets district appeared on the map of the country, and the Vologda and North Dvina provinces were abolished. On their basis, in 1929, the districts were formed, which, together with the autonomous region of Komi, Nyandoma and Arkhangelsk districts, formed the Northern Territory with the center in Arkhangelsk. 14 districts were formed as part of the Vologda Okrug: Vozhegodsky, Vologda, Gryazovetsky, Kokshengsky, Kubeno-Ozersky, Ledengsky, Sverdlovsky, Syamzhensky, Tolshmensky, Totemsky, Ust-Kubinsky, Kharovsky, Chebsarsky, Shuisky.

In 1931, as a result of the unification of the Kokshengsky and Sukhonsky districts, the Nyuksensky district was formed, the Verkhovazhsky district was attached to the Velsky district, and the Syamzhensky district was divided between the Totemsky and Kharovsky districts.

On September 1937, by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the Northern Region was liquidated with the formation of the Vologda and Arkhangelsk Regions on its territory. The Vologda region, although it was divided into 42 districts, already looked like a modern one. The habitual structure of the region of 26 districts has been established since 1965. True, after the new administrative reform in 2005, more than 370 municipalities have already appeared in the region.

For 2017, according to the Charter of the region and the Law "On issues of the administrative-territorial structure of the Vologda region", the subject of the Russian Federation includes the following administrative-territorial units:

4 cities of regional significance (Veliky Ustyug, Vologda, Sokol, Cherepovets);

26 districts;

The administrative center of the region is the city of Vologda.

The administrative-territorial boundaries of the region in different historical periods changed largely under the influence of the administrative structure. The lands of the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic have become the core of the cultural space of the Russian North and its traditions. The most important role in the socio-cultural development was played by the northern cities of Kargopol, Solvychegodsk, Kholmogory, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Veliky Ustyug, distinguished by a high level of crafts, active trade and complex social processes.

Thus, the contiguity of the territories of the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic provide the basis for joint socio-economic projects, and is a consequence of territorial and administrative reforms. In the context of the contiguity of territories, it is possible to create new relevant tourism projects and programs, excursion routes based on the commonality of geographical, historical, ethno-cultural and other factors. So, the creation of new tourist destinations will not only increase the attractiveness of the territories, but will also affect the socio-economic situation and development of the regions.

The territory of the Russian North is not defined by administrative boundaries, there is no clear area of ​​location. The Russian North is part of the cultural zone of the north of the country, where the Russian North is a historical phenomenon, the Russian North is a multi-ethnic space. The Vologda Oblast is included in this concept, as well as its adjacent territories (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Republic). At the same time, studying in detail the historical features of the settlement and the ethnic structure of the population of the Vologda Territory, it was concluded that the region, having unique features in development, is nevertheless inseparable from the history and culture of the Russian North. The territories of the Vologda, Arkhangelsk regions and the Komi Republic have been transformed throughout the history of formation, thereby enriching the culture of the local population. The presence of specific and similar features of the regions suggests that it is possible to create interregional projects, projects for a particular region in particular, the goals of which will be to improve relations, increase the socio-economic situation of the regions, develop territories and increase competitiveness in the state and international markets.

2. THE PLACE OF THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION IN REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL TOURISM

2.1Tourism potential of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast as the basis of tourism activities

Tourism should be correlated with a complex socio-economic system. Tourism, considering it as an activity of a non-productive sector of the economy, provides services and goods to meet the needs of tourists for tourism purposes. Tourist activity directly depends on the tourist potential of the territory.

The studied areas of the Vologda Oblast are located to the east of the regional capital city of Vologda, border on the Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, the Kirov Oblast in the east, and the Kostroma Oblast in the south. The eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast include: Babushkinsky, Velikoustyugsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky and Totemsky regions, including the city of regional significance Veliky Ustyug.

Assessing the tourism potential of the eastern regions, it is necessary to conduct a consistent analysis, firstly, of socio-economic and natural-climatic resources that are important for the development and promotion of tourism in municipalities, secondly, to consider their tourist attractiveness (tourist resources), thirdly, draw a general conclusion.

E.O. Ushakova and S.A. Vdovina propose to determine the tourist attractiveness of the region through the resources of tourism development, i.e. the totality of natural and climatic, historical, cultural and socio-economic objects and conditions necessary for organizing tourist services in the region, creating and promoting a competitive tourism product that can provide a significant contribution in the socio-economic development of the region (country). The tourist attractiveness of the territory is the ability of a certain territory to attract the attention of tourists due to various conditions and factors that provide the opportunity to use this territory for tourism purposes.

The eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast have significant potential for the development of domestic and inbound tourism. The natural and cultural heritage, balneological diversity allows the development of some types of tourism, including the most common types of tourism according to consumer preferences: cultural, educational, business, medical and recreational, ethnographic, rural, active, camping tourism, etc.

In order to find out the tourist attractiveness of the studied territories, in terms of ratings of tourist attractions in the Vologda Oblast, an analysis of the official Internet sites of the largest tourist guides in Russia was carried out. According to the TripAdvisor Internet Information Center, the rating of Vologda Oblast attractions in the eastern districts is clearly inferior to the central territories of the region. Thus, the first 6 places are given to memorable places located in the city of Vologda. However, the top ten sights include 2 display objects of the city of Veliky Ustyug (Veliky Ustyug district). Of the 109 most popular objects proposed in the list, the sights of the Velikoustyugsky district are indicated 19 times, the objects of the Totemsky district - 11 times, the object of the Tarnogsky district. The rest of the eastern regions are not represented in the list of popular attractions of the Vologda region. According to the encyclopedia "Subtleties of Tourism" out of 62 sights of the Vologda Oblast, there are only objects of display of Veliky Ustyug and the Veliky Ustyug region (11 references).

As part of the final qualifying work, a sociological study was conducted (Appendix 2), a survey, on the Internet through the resource "Google Forms" in the period from 04/29/2017 - 05/06/2017, the purpose of which was to identify opinions about the tourist attractiveness of the eastern regions of the Vologda areas.

The advantages of the survey were that the survey was anonymous, the questions did not cause difficulties for the respondents and did not take a long period of the respondents' free time when answering.

200 respondents took part in the survey. The age of the people interviewed is shown in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 - Age of respondents

Therefore, we can conclude that the most active participation in the survey was taken by persons whose age ranged from 18 to 30 years.

In connection with the federal target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011 - 2018)", a question was asked, the wording of which was: "Where do you prefer to travel?". So, 71% of respondents indicated that they prefer to travel around Russia; abroad - 29% of respondents; none of the respondents chose the option "nowhere". It follows from this that further development of domestic tourism is also necessary to meet human needs for travel, recreation and other needs.

When asked whether the survey participant was in the Vologda Oblast in particular, 78% answered that they were residents of the Vologda Oblast; visited the region at least once - 22%; none of the respondents chose the option “didn’t / wasn’t”.

In order to directly learn about the fact that the respondents visited the eastern districts for tourism and other purposes in the context of all districts of the region, a corresponding question was asked. So, 26 districts and 4 cities of regional significance accounted for a total of 1566 visits by survey participants. Table 2.1 presents data on the geography of visits to the territories of the Vologda Oblast, in descending order, found out during the survey.

Table 2.1 - Geography of visits to districts and cities of regional significance by respondents

Place Attendance by respondents Name of the territory 1. 81% Vologda, of which 55% are in the Vologda region2. 54% Kirillovsky district3. 49% Cherepovets, of which 38% - and in the Cherepovets region4. 45% Velikoustyugsky district and in the city of Veliky Ustyug5. 44%Totemsky district6. 38% Belozersky district7. 34% Sokolsky district, of which 28% are in the city of Sokol8. 33% Babushkinsky district9. 31% Gryazovets district10. 24% Nikolsky district11. 23% Ust-Kubensky district12. 22% Sheksninsky district13. 16% Kharovsky district14. 15% Verkhovazhsky district15. 15% Vytegorsky district16. 14% Kaduy district17. 12% Tarnogsky district18. 11% Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district19. 9% Babaevsky district20. 9% Nyuksensky district21. 8% Syamzhensky district22. 8% Ustyuzhensky district23. 6% Vozhegodsky district24. 6% Mezhdurechensky district25. 5% Vashkinsky district26. 3% Chagodoshchensky district

From these statistics on the geography of visits, it follows that only 22% of visits fell on the eastern districts of the Vologda Oblast from the total percentage of visits to all districts of the Vologda Oblast. In comparison, the central districts of the region were visited by 42% of the people surveyed, i.e. twice as many. Thus, the unevenness of the tourist flow can be traced.

The survey participants were given the opportunity to give a voluntary detailed answer to the question: “Which district/city did you like the most? Justify your choice, please. Figure 2.2. shows the preferences of the respondents who answered this question. 134 responses were received.

Figure 2.2 - Diagram of respondents' preferences

Thus, as we see from the results of this survey, the eastern regions are not popular with potential tourists.

To the question that sounded: “How likely is it that you would visit the eastern regions of the region for tourist purposes? (Babushkinsky, Velikoustyugsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky and Totemsky districts) at the moment”, the opinion of the respondents was divided, which can be seen in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 - Probability of respondents visiting the eastern regions

In the course of this question, the main reasons for the negative situation in visiting the east of the region were clarified. So, the reasons turned out to be: the high cost of services, low awareness and lack of interest in the regions, underdeveloped road infrastructure.

In the perspective of the development of tourism in the territories of the eastern regions, the survey participants had to identify the most obvious reasons, in their own opinion, that impede the development of tourism in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast. The issues noted by the participants as the most relevant are:

underdeveloped tourism infrastructure - 61%;

lack of investments - 46%;

poor coverage in the media, lack of awareness - 38%;

low quality of service in all sectors of the tourism industry - 34%;

insufficient amount of tourist resources - 32%;

lack of professional personnel - 28%;

remoteness from the regional capital - 19%;

So, the main reasons hindering the development of tourism in the eastern regions, as well as the reasons for the uneven tourist flow, were clarified.

An important aspect of the research work was the need to learn from the audience about their own knowledge regarding the fact of the pre-existing Chud tribe in the eastern regions of the region. The question was: “Do you know anything about the concept of “Chud”? Who or what do you think it is? What do you know about this?" So, over half of the respondents suggested that this is one of the tribes that inhabited Ancient Rus', 26% have no idea about this, the rest of the respondents offered various answers that are not correct.

Further, in the subparagraphs relating to municipalities, their tourism potential will be explored. To identify the tourist resources of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast, it is necessary to create a register of tourist display objects, compile a list of the hospitality industry (Appendix 3), describe the transport infrastructure of the territories and indicate the natural features of the regions.

2.1.1Babushkinsky district

The district was founded on July 15, 1928, located in the south-east of the Vologda region, 249 km from the regional center. Village them. Babushkina is the administrative center of the Babushkinsky municipality of the Vologda Oblast, located on the banks of the Ledenga River. Initially, the territory was referred to as the Ledengsky district, and the regional center - Ledengsk. (The Finno-Ugric peoples, Chud tribes, lived on the territory of the modern Babushkinsky district, before the development of it by the Slavs.) The area is rich in forest and mineral resources, water biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy is traditionally based on the use of available natural resources. The main industries of the Babushkinsky district are: forestry, woodworking, food, agriculture, retail trade. Currently, 3 investment sites have been developed in the Babushkinsky municipal district, one of which concerns the tourism sector: the construction of a family recreation base and a dormitory building of the Ledengsk sanatorium. Investment projects of the district are mainly related to wood processing. As you can see, for the current year there is a small range of investment sites and projects for the development of tourism.

The tourism sector is one of the strategic directions for the development of the region. By the Decree of the Administration of the Babushkinsky Municipal District dated October 17, 2013 No. 643, the municipal program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Babushkinsky District for 2013-2017" was approved. The main goal of the program is to form an effective tourism industry on the territory of the Babushkinsky district, contributing to the socio-economic development of the region by increasing tax revenues to the budgets of all levels, as well as preserving and rationally using the natural, recreational, cultural and historical potential.

In the Babushkinsky municipality, more than 100 people work in the cultural and leisure sector, which includes tourism. According to the plans of the municipal program "Preservation and development of the cultural and tourist potential of the Babushkinsky municipal district for 2015-2020", it is planned to increase the number of people employed in the field of culture and tourism three times. Since January 1, 2016, a tourism specialist has been hired in the Department for Culture, Sports and Youth Policy of the Babushkinsky District Administration. The coordination of the tourism sector in the region is carried out by the Department of Culture, Sports and Youth Policy.

The tourism infrastructure as the basis of the region's socio-economic tourism resources is underdeveloped, which can be seen in the table (Appendix 3).

With the regional center with. them. Babushkina is connected by the Chekshino-Totma-Nikolsk highway, then the Moscow-Arkhangelsk federal highway. There are no railways and airports, as well as river crossings.

Tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display in the Babushkinsky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 4).

It should be noted that the existing tourist routes in the Babushkinsky district are an indicator of tourist activity and a tool to attract the attention of potential tourists. Tourist programs of the region:

“The life story of the pilot-cosmonaut P.I. Belyaev";

"Northern Ridges";

"The history of salt production in the Ledeng region";

"In the holy places of the land of Babushkinskaya";

"Folk traditions of the land of Babushkinskaya";

ecological trail along the northern ridges, karst faults, etc.

The types of tourism presented in the above routes are: cultural and educational, ecological, pilgrimage, active, health-improving and rural. Event tourism is of particular importance. The feast of the Holy Trinity, the youth festival "Star Rain", the feast of "Ivan Kupala" - all these events take place in the first half of summer. The Spassky Fair, and the festival of folk song "Ledenga fires" included in it, takes place annually in mid-August.

Throughout history, the region has preserved its age-old traditions, customs, way of life, folk art and crafts, cultural and natural monuments, thereby confirming its capabilities in the enhanced development of cultural, educational and ethnographic tourism.

Thus, it should be concluded that tourism in the Babushkinsky district is underdeveloped compared to neighboring areas: the discrepancy between the number of attractions and existing tourist programs, the lack of a tourism site in the area, and underdeveloped tourist infrastructure. The positioning of the area with a “salt health resort”, the presence of famous historical figures (I.V. Babushkin, P.I. Belyaev, etc.), the existence of unique monuments and memorable places - all this proves the fact that there is a tourist potential for further development of tourism activities.

2.1.2Velikoustyugsky district

Velikoustyugsky district was formed on June 19, 1924, located in the north-east of the Vologda region. The administrative center of the district is Veliky Ustyug. The main rivers are the Northern Dvina, Sukhona, Yug. The area is rich in forest and mineral resources, aquatic biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

A significant part of the region's economy is the forestry and woodworking industry, mechanical engineering and metalworking, food and light industries. Tourism constitutes a special part of the local economy of the region.

For the period of 2017, there are three investment projects in the municipality aimed at developing tourism. Investment projects: year-round camp "Planet of Childhood", with a capacity of 150 people; an active recreation center in the town of Krasavino and a sports and tourist village. As part of the project "Veliky Ustyug - Father Frost's Homeland", the tourist infrastructure is being developed, new facilities are being put into operation on the territory of Father Frost's Estate. The project "Ecopark" is being developed in the village. Parfenovskoe.

The development of tourism is one of the main directions of the region's economy. At the moment, the municipal program "Tourism Development in the Velikoustyug Municipal District for 2015-2018" is being implemented, the project of the tourist and recreational cluster "Father Frost" has been developed, new tourist routes and offers are being created, the development of various types of tourism is being stimulated: sports, event, rural, summer, etc.

Tourism of the Velikoustyugsky District is regulated by the Department of Tourism and Interregional Relations of the Property Management Committee of the Administration of the Velikoustyugsky Municipal District.

More than 400 specialists are employed in cultural, leisure and tourism activities. There are 333 club formations in 33 institutions of cultural and leisure type of the district with the number of participants 3952 people.

The tourism infrastructure of the Velikoustyug region, in particular the hospitality industry, is the most developed in comparison with the other regions under consideration (Appendix 2).

Veliky Ustyug is connected with the regional center by the road Vologda - Nikolsk - Veliky Ustyug. River passenger transportation is carried out by a passenger-and-freight ferry on the route Veliky Ustyug-Kuzino-Aristovo. Railway station: Veliky Ustyug. Main highways of interregional significance Uren-Sharya-Nikolsk-Kotlas and Totma-Nyuksenitsa-Veliky Ustyug. The city of Veliky Ustyug has its own airport, which allows receiving and sending aircraft.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects showing the Veliky Ustyug region, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 5).

Tourist routes of the region are presented extensively. Tourist organizations form family, children's, group, combined and individual tours. Priority types of tourism in the Veliky Ustyug land: cultural and educational, excursion, event, pilgrimage, etc.

Examples of tourist programs:

one day tour to Opoki;

"Visiting Santa Claus";

"Aviation tour to Veliky Ustyug";

"In the fairy-tale kingdom, the Frosty State";

"Charm of the North";

"A fairy tale a day long", etc.

Rural tourism - as a modern type of tourism, is widespread in the tourist destination of Veliky Ustyug. Examples of rural tourism programs in the region:

Morozovitsa. Where was Santa Claus born?

“Opoki. Through the river rapids to see the rainbow";

"Kichuga. Roads of faith and love”;

"For a Day in a Country Corner", etc.

Event tourism as one of the most important types of the modern tourism industry is actively developing in the Veliky Ustyug region. Examples of event tourism program names:

Big festival at Santa Claus "Top of Summer";

Festival in the glades of Santa Claus;

"Saved, it's an hour for everything!";

New Year's fairy tale of Santa Claus, etc.

So, most of the tourist products are associated with the main brand "Veliky Ustyug - Fatherland of Father Frost". However, having a large amount of resources and developing infrastructure, the region has a huge potential for the development and improvement of tourism activities, diversification of tourism services.

2.1.3Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district

The Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipal district is located in the eastern part of the Vologda Oblast and was formed in 1924. The Yug River is considered the main water artery. The area is considered ecologically clean and rich in forest resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy consists of timber industry, food industry and agriculture. Tourism is a strategic direction of the region's economy. The program "Development of tourism in the Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipal district for 2014-2016" has been developed. Investments in the district are made mainly in the timber industry: organizing the processing of low-value wood and the disposal of sawmill waste, etc. In 2017, an investment site was created for the construction of a recreation area.

The tourism sector in the Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipality is handled by the Department of Culture, Youth Policy, Tourism and Sports. For 2016, about 160 people are involved in the tourism sector.

The tourism infrastructure of the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region is imperfect, which can be seen in the table (Appendix 3).

The district center has a stable connection with the regional center. A stable transport connection with the Arkhangelsk region has been provided. The interregional highway Uren-Sharya-Nikolsk-Kotlas passes through the Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display of the Kichmeng-Gorodets region, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 6).

The main tourism programs as evidence of the existence and functioning of the tourism sector in the territory of the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region are tourist routes and interactive programs, including master classes:

"Past and present of Kichmengsky Gorodok";

"Archaeological finds of our region";

"Peasant life and development of crafts";

"In a Russian hut";

"The town on Kichmeng", etc.

One of the main cultural and tourist event projects of the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region is the interregional festival "Slavs of the South". The festival unites four districts: Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Velikoustyugsky, Nikolsky districts of the Vologda region and Podosinovsky district of the Kirov region. Also, every year there is a holiday of the village of Kichmengsky Gorodok and the Preobrazhenskaya Fair.

Thus, the types of tourism that are a priority for the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region are cultural, educational, rural, and ecological. The natural potential of the region creates conditions for the development of rural tourism, and the rich history and preservation of folk traditions, crafts, samples and cultural phenomena is a factor in the development of ethnographic tourism. Thus, the collective center of traditional folk culture "Peresvet" successfully promotes the main local crafts and traditions.

2.1.4Nikolsky district

Nikolsky district is located in the southeast of the Vologda region. The district was founded in 1924. The district center is the city of Nikolsk, located 427 km from the regional center. The main river arteries are the South, Sharzhenga, Kipshenga, Lundong. In the district, the average indicator for the region of forest and mineral resources, aquatic biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy consists of a logging and woodworking complex, food and light industry. In the Nikolsky district for the current year, two investment projects are being developed related to the forestry sector. Three investment sites have been developed in the region, two of which will positively influence the development of tourism infrastructure: the construction of a complex for organizing recreation and recreation of the population in the village of Kalinino, the construction and operation of a roadside service complex in the village of Argunovo.

Tourism of the Nikolsky district has great opportunities due to such factors as a rich history, favorable geography of location, the presence of the tourist brand "Nikolsk - the pearl of the Northern Uvals". Nikolsk is the small homeland of the Vologda poet A. Yashin, writer P.V. Zasodimsky, traveler G. Patanin, student and follower of I. Michurin V. Spirin, Honored Master of Sports in biathlon A. Akhatova.

The sphere of tourism in the Nikolsky district relates, first of all, to the coordination of the department for cultural affairs of the Nikolsky municipal district of the Vologda region. As of 2016, 157 people worked in municipal cultural institutions, of which 131 were specialists.

Highways P7 Nikolsk-Chekshino, P157 Kotlas-Nikolsk-Sharya, Sokolovo-Nikolskoye, Kozhaev-Zavrazhye pass through the district.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display in the Nikolsky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 7).

Tourist routes and excursion programs of the Nikolsky district are of interest to tourists. Within the framework of cultural, educational, rural, pilgrimage and religious types, tours are provided:

"Pearl winter of the Northern Ridges"

"Across the holy places of the Nikolsky Territory"

"Roads of the Slavs"

"I was and remain a villager ..."

“The house where crafts live” and “Who do you remember, the old house? and etc.

Event tourism of the area should be called promising. Various festivals and holidays are held on Nikolskaya land. For example, Christmas on the Northern Ridges, Maslenitsa, the Springs of the Russian Village festival, the feast of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, the interregional Nikolskaya - Ilyinsky Fair, etc.

So, the Nikolsky district is a territory with a historical status, cultural heritage, a positive socio-economic situation, developing infrastructure, with prospects for the development of new types of tourism, for example, cultural and ethnographic.

2.1.5Nyuksensky district

The municipality is located in the north-east of the region, formed in 1924. The district center - with. Nyuksenitsa, located 310 km from the regional capital. The area has forest and mineral resources, aquatic biological resources, large reserves of non-timber forest products. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The region's economy is based on oil and gas transportation, food and timber industry, woodworking and agriculture. Attracting investments is one of the main tasks of the municipal administration. Innovative projects have been created in the Nyuksensky district for the current year: the national project "Living Tradition", the essence of which is the development of Russian ethno-cultural heritage and a healthy lifestyle; Mud bath project. From this it follows that there is an evolution of tourism in the territory of the Nyuksen municipality. Tourism in the region, judging by the strategy for the development of the socio-economic situation of the Nyuksen region for the period up to 2020 with changes, is the most developed type of activity.

The tourism infrastructure of the Nyuksensky district is developing, however, there is a low number of objects in comparison with the Velikoustyugsky district, as an example of the eastern regions of the Vologda region, and with the regional center - the city of Vologda (Appendix 3).

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects of display in the Nyuksensky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 8).

Tourist and excursion programs of the region should be considered diverse, their examples are:

"Nyuksen games";

"Fashion from the people";

"Basic culture"

Excursion and interactive programs of the project "National Village of the Russian North" based on the village of Pozharishche;

"Nyuksenitsa Artisan", etc.

So, the Nyuksensky district is called "Russian Switzerland" with its unique nature, color and calm, measured life. "Treasury of Folk Traditions" is the main tourist brand of the territory, which provides for both the development of tourism in general and the promotion of cultural, educational, ethnographic, ecological and rural tourism in particular.

2.1.6Tarnogsky district

Tarnogsky district is located in the north-east of the region and was formed in 1935. The district center is the village. Tarnogsky Gorodok, which is located 329 km from the city of Vologda. The region has forest and mineral resources, water biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The leading sectors of the economy are the timber industry, the food industry and trade. In the perspective of the socio-economic situation, first of all, the promotion of social stability and the development of the national economy, as well as tourism. The investment policy of the district for the current year provides for three projects: the construction of a holiday home, a boarding house on the basis of a land plot with an unfinished construction project; construction of the tourist and entertainment complex "Honey Town"; construction of a campsite near the village of Sergievskaya. As you can see, the investment projects under development are aimed at expanding the infrastructure of tourism and its development as such.

The development of tourism in the Tarnogsky district is a priority activity of the municipal government. A subprogram under the number "2" was created for the period 2015-2017, which promotes the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the region. The administration of the Tarnogsky municipal district vests the department of culture, tourism and youth policy with executive power in the field of tourism of the municipality.

Tarnogsky district, in comparison with some other eastern districts, has a moderately developed tourism infrastructure (Appendix 3).

On the territory of the Tarnogsky district there is the Sukhonsky Trakt highway (Totma - Veliky Ustyug). In August 2008, a bridge across the Kokshenga River was opened. Lack of navigable rivers and railways.

The tourist resources of the region as objectively given phenomena can serve for the further development of tourism activities. The register of tourist objects showing the Tarnogsky district, both cultural, historical and natural, is presented in the table (Appendix 9).

In the Tarnogsky district, according to the administration of the municipality, for 2017 there are 13 tourist routes and 7 animation programs. Tourist routes are developed within the framework of cultural, educational, rural, pilgrimage, ethnographic tourism:

"On a visit to the green shrines";

"Life and legends of Shebenga";

"To the Face of Perun";

"Shrines of Kokshenga";

"Fairytale Rus'", etc.

Event tourism in the Tarnogsky district contains all the most significant events for local residents, and is of particular interest to guests of the area. Names of programs of festivals and holidays:

District holiday "The bells are ringing over Tarnoga" (May);

Unique trees of the Vologda land (June);

Regional holiday-fair "Tarnoga - the capital of honey in the Vologda Territory" and the regional competition of beekeepers (August);

Children's folklore holiday "Pokrovsky gatherings" (October);

Regional competition "Singing Kokshenga", etc.

So, Tarnogsky district is of interest to visit due to its uniqueness, originality and historical significance of the territory and its population. There is activity in the strategic development of tourism in the region, in the development of investment projects, in particular projects related to the tourism sector.

2.1.7Totemsky district

The Totma municipality is located in the east of the Vologda region and was established in 1929. The regional center is the city of Totma, which is located 209 km from the regional center of Vologda. The main river of the region is the Sukhona. The region has forest and mineral resources, water biological resources. The climate of the region is temperate continental.

The basis of the region's economy is the agro-industrial and timber industry, the transport industry, tourism and recreational services, and the food industry. For the current year, the priority task in the field of the economy remains to support local producers, the implementation of new projects in all sectors of the economy. For 2017, priority investment projects and sites have been created that directly affect the development of the tourism sector: the restoration of the Totma salt-healing sanatorium, the creation of a family recreation park (base).

The tourism sector is one of the basic sectors of the region's economy and promising areas for creating new projects. According to the head of the district, S.L. Selyanin: “Totemsky district has a strong potential for the development of tourism. The growth of the tourist flow in 2014 by almost 6,000 people” . The structure of the administration of the Totemsky municipal district includes the Department of Tourism and Public Projects.

The hospitality sector is included in the concept of "tourism infrastructure". Being a relatively popular place among tourists, the tourist infrastructure of the Totma region is concentrated to a greater extent in the city of Totma and is imperfect (Appendix 3).

The Totemsky district is connected with the surrounding territories by two highways of regional significance: Chekshino-Totma-Nikolsk. The length of the route is 345 km. Totma-Nyuksenitsa-Veliky Ustyug. There are no railways and an airport in the Totemsky district, so you should get there by car or bus.

There are 48 monuments of cultural heritage on the territory of the Totemsky district, including 13 of them have the status of federal significance, 35 - regional. The register of tourist objects showing the Totemsky district is presented in the table (Appendix 10).

Tourist routes of Totemsky district:

¾ "Journey to the salt springs";

¾ "Ust-Pechenga -" pine river ";

¾ “In this village the lights are not extinguished”;

¾ "Totma - the Shrine of the Russian North!";

¾ “Here is the homeland of my soul”, etc.

The territory of the Totem region, its history and the uniqueness of the region give grounds for the development of such types of tourism as cultural and historical, educational, sightseeing, active, pilgrimage and religious, rural and ethnographic. Tourist, excursion and interactive programs of these types of tourism were listed above. Event tourism is of particular importance. So, the calendar of events of the Totemsky district:

Interregional Bell Ringing Festival "Christmas Blagovest";

international distance race "Russian North" (dog sledding);

interregional festival of wooden sculpture "Reviving History";

holiday "Sukhonskaya regatta";

gastronomic festival of northern cuisine "Moroshka";

holiday "Rubtsovsky bonfire on Tolshma", p. Nikolskoye;

festival "From Totma to California, etc.

Thus, making a conclusion about the tourist potential of the Totemsky district, we point out that the activities of the subjects of the tourism sector affect the positive dynamics of its development. The promotion of the tourist product of the Totemsky district to the tourist market is accompanied by a developing infrastructure, cultural, spiritual and natural wealth of the territory, accessible information security, the presence of tourist brands: "City of merchants and sailors", "Totma - the Salt of the Russian land", "Totma - the city of the black fox" , as well as the image of the city of Totma as an open-air museum.

We conclude that the districts have tourism potential for further development of the tourism sector based on the presence of the above tourist display facilities, tourist routes, offers and event programs, as well as the developing tourism infrastructure and existing development strategies. The spiritual cultural heritage of the regions has been preserved in the form of crafts, folk crafts, traditions, legends, songs, folklore, etc.

2.2Assessment of the level of involvement of municipalities in the modern tourism practice of the region and the country

The Vologda Oblast is a very attractive region for tourists, with a rich cultural and natural heritage, and significant potential in the tourism sector. The Vologda region is included in the programs of interregional tourism projects such as: "The Silver Necklace of Russia", Live Lessons of Russia", "Patterns of Russian Cities", "Tasty Map of Russia". The region is popular with tourists from Moscow, St. Petersburg, neighboring regions and republics, some other subjects of Russia, as well as foreign tourists.

Tour operators for domestic tourism of the Vologda region are engaged in the development and compilation of tourist programs in the region. According to the data provided by the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Vologda Oblast, in 2017 there are 51 domestic tourism tour operators in the Vologda Oblast. There are 29 domestic tourism tour operators in Vologda, 12 domestic tourism tour operators in Cherepovets, 9 in Veliky Ustyug, and 1 in Kirillov [hereinafter: 18].

Tour operators in the Vologda region are companies such as LLC "Vikend", LLC "Hotel-Tour", LLC TK "TourClub Piligrim" and others. Tour operators of domestic tourism in Cherepovets are: LLC "Alba-tour", LLC "VASH-tour" ”, LLC “Columbus” and others. Tour operators in Veliky Ustyug are Ded Moroz OJSC, SMK LLC, Veliky Ustyug LLC and others. The tour operator of the Kirillovsky district is Pardus LLC.

To analyze tourism products in the tourist market of the region, it will be necessary to study the tour operators of domestic tourism in Vologda, since in the future the developed project at the first stages of the life cycle will be promoted by Vologda tour operators. We will take as a basis the tourist company "Hotel-Tour", on which, during the internship, very useful information was found for the graduation project, then we will analyze its activities and compare the results with some other tour operators in Vologda (TC "TourClub Piligrim" and LLC "Weekend") .

The main activity of "Hotel-Tour" is the organization of tourist and excursion routes in the Vologda region. The main directions of the "Hotel-Tour": Vologda, Kirillov, with. Ferapontovo, Totma, Veliky Ustyug, Sizma, Kuzino.

The main client base of inbound tourism "Hotel-Tour" are tourists from Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the future, to connect partners from adjacent (near) regions and the Kaliningrad region for joint activities of the implementation of tours. Due to the high competition in the tourist market, the Hotel-Tour team is ready to develop and implement new tourist routes and offers.

"Hotel-Tour" offers customers group, group and school tours. Group tours "Hotel-Tour" are included in the register of regional and interregional tourist routes of the North-Western Federal District within the framework of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia", and these are such tourist routes as:

1."Where the carved palisade ...".

The route is the most popular tour of the Hotel-Tour company. Visiting points: Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Vologda. The route is radial. Tour duration: 2 days / 1 night. The cost of the tour per person is from 7600 rubles (7500 rubles - children's tariff).

2."On the holy places of the Vologda region".

Tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Sizma. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost of the tour per person is from 12350 rubles (12250 - children's tariff).

3."Salt of the Russian Land".

Tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Totma. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost of the tour per person is from 12,800 rubles (12,700 - children's tariff).

4."Soul of the Russian North".

Tour along the route Vologda - Kirillov - with. Ferapontovo - Kargopol - Saunino - Lyadiny - Kenozero National Park. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 5 days / 4 nights. The cost per person is from 16,500 rubles (excluding railway tickets).

5."Golden Lace of Russia".

Tour along the route Pereslavl-Zalessky-Kostroma-Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Yaroslavl. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost per person is from 12950 rubles. This tour is not included in the Silver Necklace of Russia.

6."Necklace of the Northern Territory".

Tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-s. Ferapontovo-Veliky Ustyug-Arkhangelsk. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. The cost per person is from 22,000 rubles.

Group (corporate) tours "Hotel-Tour":

1.Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo.

Group tour, duration 2 days / 1 night. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 5300 rubles (adults only).

2.Vologda-Kuzino.

Group tour, duration 2 days / 1 night. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 5600 rubles (adults only).

3.Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Sizma.

Group tour, duration 3 days / 2 nights. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 8300 rubles (adults only).

4.Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Totma.

Group tour, duration 3 days / 2 nights. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 8600 rubles (adults only).

5."Dear merchants and sailors."

Group tour along the route Veliky Ustyug-Totma-Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo, duration 5 days / 4 nights. The route is linear. The duration of the tour is 6 days / 5 nights. Price per person from 5600 rubles (adults only). The tourist route is included in the register of regional tourist routes of the North-Western Federal District within the framework of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia"

School tours:

1."In the Heart of Northern Rus'".

School tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 2 days / 1 night. The cost for a group is from 5900 rubles per person.

2."Original Rus'".

School tour along the route Vologda-Kuzino. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 2 days / 1 night. The cost for a group is from 6800 rubles per person.

3."Dear merchants and sailors."

School tour along the route Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Totma. The route is radial. The duration of the tour is 3 days / 2 nights. The cost for a group is from 10300 rubles per person.

So, we conclude that the tourist company "Hotel-Tour" does not organize tours to some eastern regions (Babushkinsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky and Tarnogsky regions). However, tourist routes are compiled in Velikoustyugsky and Totemsky regions: Totma is mentioned in four routes, Veliky Ustyug - in two. Routes that include both Totma and Veliky Ustyug are part of the tours of the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "The Silver Necklace of Russia".

LLC TK "TourClub Piligrim" has been operating since 2003, registry number VNT 017723 in the unified register of tour operators in Russia.

The main directions of the Tour Club Piligrim TC, within the framework of tour operator activities, are points in the Vologda, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Leningrad, Moscow and other regions of Russia, etc. In the Vologda region, the company provides tours and excursions to Vologda, Kirillov, s. Ferapontovo, Sizma, Veliky Ustyug, Pozharishche (Nyuksensky district), Totma, Cherepovets, Tarnogsky Gorodok.

Tour Club "TC Pilgrim" organizes group tours, group tours, school tours, tours on individual request. Combined and group tours are given below according to the scheme: Point (or points) - “tour name” (tour duration in days):

Vologda - "Quiet city, ancient city", "City with an open soul", "Orthodox Vologda" (1 day);

Vologda - Kirillov / Sizma - "Pearls of the Russian North", "Russian North - earthly delight, joy to a weary heart", "Shackles from the soul, flour from the heart", "Russian holidays" (2-3 days);

Totma - Kirillov - Vologda - "Land of gray monasteries" (3 days);

Vologda - the estate of the Bryanchaninovs (Gryazovets district) - “Lacy Vologda, domes of gold (2 days);

Vologda - Totma - Veliky Ustyug - Pozharishche - "Mosaic of the Russian North", "Poetry of the Russian village" (3-4 days);

Cherepovets-Kirillov-Sugorye Vologda-Semyonkovo ​​- "Treasures of the Vologda land" (3 days);

Vologda-Cherepovets - "Shelter of work and inspiration" (2 days);

Vologda-Kirillov-Sugorye - "Original Rus'" (2 days);

Vologda-Totma-Sugorye - "Good luck guiding star" (3 days);

Vologda-Totma - "Wonderful wonder in the Russian wilderness" (3 days).

The tourist club organizes tours to Father Frost's homeland - Veliky Ustyug ("Holidays visiting Santa Claus", "Fabulous weekend visiting Santa Claus", "Big Journey to Santa Claus", etc.)

Ethnographic tours created within the framework of the interregional project "Patterns of Russian Cities" in the Tour Club Piligrim:

"Vologda artisan and handicraft" (Vologda-Semenkovo);

"Time is not broken connection" (Vologda-Totma-Fire-Great Ustyug);

"City of Masters - Veliky Ustyug" (Vologda-Veliky Ustyug);

“Wonderful wonder, the abode of thoughts and souls” (Vologda-Pokrovskoye-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Kurakino);

“Oh, my little box is full” (Vologda-Sizma);

"Patterns of a Quiet Homeland" (Vologda-Totma);

"Original Rus'" (Vologda-Sugorye).

Within the framework of the interregional interdepartmental tourist and educational project "Lessons of Russian Cities", the tourist club provides educational tours for schoolchildren (guests of the city and local residents). The tourist educational programs of the Tour Club Piligrim TC include such settlements as Vologda, Totma, Belozersk, Vytegra, Ustyuzhna, Kirillovsky district, Cherepovets, Veliky Ustyug.

So, TC "TourClub Piligrim" offers tourist routes to some of the eastern regions of the region - to Velikoustyugsky (in the city of Veliky Ustyug), to Totemsky (in the city of Totma), to Tarnogsky (in the village of Tarnogsky Gorodok), to Nyuksensky (in ethno-village Pozharishche) districts. All of the above areas belong to the interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia", except for Tarnogsky. It should be noted that within the framework of inter-regional tourism, TC "TourClub Piligrim" offers tourist programs directly from Moscow to Veliky Ustyug.

Tourist company "Vikend" has been operating in the tourism market since 1995. The registry number in the unified register of tour operators in Russia is VNT 003035. Mainly, the travel company "Vikend" is engaged in receiving tourists in the Vologda region, as well as organizing sightseeing tours for groups and individual tourists. Examples of tourist routes "Weekend":

"Vologda voyage" (Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo, 2 days);

"White nights on the Vologda land" (Vologda-Semenkovo-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Goritsy, 3 days);

The beauty of the Russian North (Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Nyandoma-Kargopol-Kinezersky National Park-Machelga-Niz-Arkhangelo).

The interregional historical, cultural and tourist project "Silver Necklace of Russia" includes such regional tourist routes of LLC "Weekend" as "Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Vologda", "Totma-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Vologda", "Sizma-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Vologda ”, “Orthodox shrines of the land of Vologda” (Gryazovets district-Kirillovsky district-Vologda), interregional tourist route “Vologda-Kirillov-Ferapontovo-Kem-Solovki”.

After analyzing the activities of the tour operator in the Vologda region "Weekend", it was found that this travel company does not offer tours in the eastern regions of the Vologda region, with the exception of the Totemsky district.

Thus, taking as a basis the activities of tour operators for domestic tourism in the Vologda region of three travel companies, several conclusions were made regarding the assessment of the involvement of the eastern regions of the Vologda region in the tourism practice of the region and the country. Firstly, tour operators form tours mainly in the classical directions: Vologda, Kirillov, Ferapontovo. Secondly, the involvement of the cities of Totma and the city of Veliky Ustyug in the tourist programs of the studied tourist companies is traced. Thirdly, from the eastern districts of the region, Tarnogsky and Nyuksensky districts are included in the programs, but there are few such programs. Another conclusion was made that the popularity of Veliky Ustyug is great, thanks to the mythical image of Santa Claus.

So, the eastern regions at the moment are not popular destinations in tourist activities in the region, with the exception of the city of Totma and the city of Veliky Ustyug. However, tourist routes to these cities (regions) can be called the same type: showing the most popular attractions, conducting the same type of sightseeing and thematic excursions (the same composition of different tourist routes). First of all, the following types of tourism are developing in the territories of the districts: cultural and educational, rural, pilgrimage, active.

Ethnographic tourism (as a subspecies of cultural and educational tourism), as one of the promising types of tourism for the development of tourism in the eastern regions, is in its infancy or formation. The territories have a number of advantages: favorable geographical position, reserves of natural resources, tourist and recreational opportunities, favorable environmental situation, developing production potential, political and social stability, labor resources - this favorably affects the development of the tourism sector.

During the study, the tourist potential of each region was identified, a new specific unique feature was found that connects all the studied eastern regions. In a sociological study, it was possible to identify the degree of tourist attractiveness of the regions and obstacles to the proper development of tourism in the regions. It is important that tourism contributes to the socio-economic development of municipalities and the cultural development of the individual: providing employment for the population, developing infrastructure facilities, increasing income from the sale of tourist products, expanding the horizons of a person, promoting his familiarization with culture, traditions, and a healthy lifestyle. , creating opportunities for recreation and human recreation.

3. PROJECT OF THE TOURIST AND EXCURSION ROUTE IN THE EASTERN DISTRICTS OF THE VOLOGDA REGION "FOLLOWING THE FOOTSTEPS OF ZAVOLOCHSKAYA CHUDI"

3.1Conceptual bases of the project-route

There is a problem of insufficient use of the tourist and cultural potential of the regions for their effective development. But since some separate areas as separate tourist areas are not competitive enough in the market at the moment, their totality is proposed, the creation of a “common” tourist area with a similar idea and goal. The set is understood as a single tourist product-route with the possibilities of its modeling and modification.

The assessment of tourist offers showed that the areas, with the exception of Velikoustyugsky and Totemsky districts, are little used in the tourist offers of domestic tour operators. Cultural and ethnographic tours are provided by a smaller part of the studied territories, when each region has the potential for the development and use of tourist offers in this direction. Cultural and educational tourism is recognized as one of the priority types of tourism in the regions. When compiling a register of tourist objects of display, it was found that the areas have significant potential for the development of a non-traditional type of tourism - cultural and archaeological, since there are excavation sites. Another reason for the creation of this project was the information occasion - the idea of ​​developing a law on the Russian nation, which was proposed on October 31, 2016 by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. It is important that in the course of the sociological study it was also found that about half of the respondents do not know about the ancient ethnic group that inhabited the region, thus we consider it expedient to create a project.

So, for the eastern regions, the types of cultural and educational tourism: ethnographic, archaeological, historical tourism are one of the promising types of tourism, and cultural and educational tourism as a whole is for further development. In the future, these types of tourism can serve for a more in-depth education of citizens, broadening their horizons, awareness of the value of their nationality, education of patriotism, a factor in self-improvement, as well as replenishing the budgets of the regions, and will contribute to the development of the infrastructure of the regions. Therefore, the creation of a new and relevant tourist route through the eastern regions is a significant step for their effective development and the development of citizens.

The name of the tourist project-route. The tourist-excursion route “In the footsteps of the Zavolochskaya Chud” has such a name because it passes through places associated with any events and practices of the Chud tribes (the Chud tribes in the east of the region called the Zavolochskaya Chud).

Mission: popularization of the importance of cultural and spiritual heritage, folk culture.

The purpose of the tourist project-route. This project has the opportunity to contribute to the development of the tourism sector in the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast and increase the tourist flow in them. The purpose of the route is also to make a profit for tourism enterprises, as well as to develop and improve cultural-ethnographic, cultural-archaeological and cultural-historical types of tourism in the territories.

The objectives of the tourist project-route are:

promotion of the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast among potential tourists;

assistance in improving the socio-economic situation of the territories and their development.

Subjects of the tourist project-route. The basic subject of the project is supposed to be the tourist company Hotel-Tour LLC, in the future other travel companies of the Vologda region, as well as administrations and representatives of the tourism sector of Babushkinsky, Velikoustyugsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky, Totemsky districts, further in the development perspective project administration and representatives of the tourism sector of the Kotlas district (Arkhangelsk region) and the urban district of Syktyvkar. The developer of the tourist project - A.V. Maltsev.

Target audiences of the tourist project-route: tourists, sightseers, guests of the territories, local residents, investors, sponsors.

Project financing. Main sources of funding:

district administrations (district budget);

legal entities and individuals;

sponsors and investors.

Criteria of the tourist project-route. A new tourism product must meet the following requirements:

1.cognitive value. Since the tourist-excursion route is supposed to be built according to memorable places associated with the ancient Chud tribes that inhabited the territories of modern regions, this will serve to expand the knowledge of history among tourists and the awareness of their family roots by local residents with their ancient ancestors, as well as the accumulation of experience and knowledge about ethnic culture.

2.Complexity. The new tourism product consists of a set of basic and additional services and goods.

.Saturation. The tourist program includes excursions and walks, visits to tourist display sites, participation in animation programs, participation in tastings of local cuisines, as well as supplementary services and entertainment.

.Uniqueness. It was found that there are no similar tours on the territory of the Vologda Oblast, in particular in the eastern regions.

.Environmental friendliness. According to the calculation of the environmental friendliness index, carried out in 2011 by V.S. Orlova, the eastern regions are the most environmentally friendly regions of the region.

.Comfort. The selected accommodations and catering establishments meet the price / quality criterion (analysis of reviews, observation). When traveling, tourists are provided with a comfortable bus with air conditioning, panoramic windows, comfortable chairs, equipped with audiovisual and audio systems, first aid kits and the necessary security equipment. When overcoming a long distance, the following are provided: sanitary stops every 150-200 km for 15 minutes, stops for five-minute exercises, a set of simple exercises in a sitting position while the bus is moving.

.Aesthetics. Monuments of history and culture, possessing originality, peculiarity, entertainment, contribute to the aesthetic and creative education of tourists.

.Availability. All display objects are selected exclusively in the field of accessibility and patency, both in terms of geography and available infrastructure, and in terms of budget.

The content of the tourist project-route. Tourist project-route - "constructor", where the advantage of combining tourist programs-excursions is that, depending on the preferences, desires and economic situation of the client, it will be possible to create a route that, in turn, is capable of carrying the same informational and cultural-historical value and the idea that is set out (defined) in the final qualifying work. In other words, the tour can differ only in quantitative characteristics, when the qualitative indicators remain unchanged.

Options for possible tours, however, are defined. This is due to the geography of the location of the districts and their transport network and accessibility. The starting points of the tourist route should be as close as possible to the center of intercity transportation (for example, to the railway station / airport). Also, a tourist / excursionist will not be able to choose one area to visit (there is a district), for the reason that the tourist will not be able to fully master the basic concept of a tourist-excursion route. Therefore, it is necessary to list all possible variations in the design of tours. So, depending on where the primary point of the trip will be located: the beginning of the tour in the Totemsky district from Vologda; start of the tour from the city of Veliky Ustyug or from the city of Kotlas (Arkhangelsk region) or from the city of Syktyvkar (Komi Republic). However, the last two points are planned to be included in the tourist route in the further development of the project, or as an additional day of the drafted project for the period 2017-2018. Depending on the number of overnight stays spent during the tour period, tourist routes are divided into: two-day, three-day, four-day, five-day etc. Consequently, the direction vectors can be chosen by tourists on their own, i.e. tours will be compiled individually, but the starting points depend on the point of collection and departure of tourist groups, individual tourists.

As stated in the theoretical part of the work, evidence of the existence of the Chud tribes as an ancient disappeared (or assimilating) population are archaeological excavations, toponymy of rivers, lakes, villages, localities, remains and remains, monuments and intangible heritage, for example, in the form of brothers, dialects, legends and fairy tales, etc.

The main material objects of the Chud's heritage are mounds, burials and cemeteries, settlements, necropolises, jewelry, dishes, bones, totems, etc. Since the Chud tribes were pagans, they attached special importance to natural phenomena, animals, stones, trees and totems (totemism , fetishism, animism). In their decorations, there is either an image of an animal or a part of it (for example, hanging crow's feet).

On the territory of the Totem region, sources of the Chud civilization were found, but to this day, excavations and further research are underway. The village of Krasnoe (Sannoye) was discovered in 2002 by L.S. Andrianova. It is located on the left bank of the river. Tolshmy. The village of Tsareva is a village built on the ancient settlement of the Zavolochskaya Chud. A huge glacial granite boulder lies not far from the small river Edenga, the stone "Iron" or "Big Stone". By all indications, this is a remnant of a pagan sanctuary of the Finno-Ugric tribes - a burial site of the 10th century was found not far from the stone. The stone itself has legends, for example, one of the Gods rested on it. Local elders claim that their ancestors often guessed and conjured on a stone. In the village of Varnitsy there is a brine-lifting pipe, which was built in the 15th century. residents of the Uglitska and Glitska villages and located on the banks of the Solonukha, Lyapunikha and Kovda rivers. tourist excursion route Vologda

The Veliky Ustyug region has a number of memorial sites associated with the Chud tribes. The very origin of Veliky Ustyug is legendary. There is an opinion of archaeologists that the city arose from ancient settlements, therefore, Chud. The object - the Church of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael - in its place was a monastery, which was the center of the ancient Settlement. The Trinity Gladenky Monastery is of significant value for the developed route: the object is the last remaining of all the buildings of the ancient city of Gleden on the site of a Finno-Ugric settlement. Part of the inhabitants of ancient Gleden moved to the nearby village of Morozovitsa.

Monuments of Chud origin in the Kichmengsko-Gorodets region are, firstly, the place of the Ancient Settlement with earthen ramparts. The origin of the administrative center of the district - Kichmengsky Gorodok - according to legends and legends, refers to the buildings of the Chud, defending themselves from colonization by the Novgorodians. The basis of the town was the "Chudskaya tower". It is known that the Chud tribes came to the lands of the Russian North during the Neolithic period (approximately the 1st century AD), for this reason, the Kuznetsovo location, dating back to the Neolithic era, should be attributed to the memorable places of the Zavolochskaya Chud.

Nikolsky district as one of the settlement territories of the Chud tribes. The famous homeland of Alexander Yashin - the village of Bludnovo - based on materials from the 17th century. was referred to as "Chutskoye Dvorishche". On the site of the modern village of Skochkovo, there was a settlement with the name "Old Chudsky Oven". The Nikolsky Museum of Local Lore stores the written text of the legend about the expulsion, extermination of the Chud tribes that did not accept Christianity and is called "Kololotushka".

The village of Nyuksenitsa (Nyuksensky district) got its name thanks to the Zavolochka Chud: earlier the region was famous for the habitat of swans, which in the Finno-Ugric language sounded like “nyuksha”.

Tarnogsky Gorodok, Tarnogsky district, was previously called Kokshenka - a historically significant territory, where, before the development of it by the Slavs, only Finno-Ugric tribes lived. The Tiunovo sanctuary is a true monument of that era. Tarnogsky district is rich in such places.

It is advisable to create routes within the framework of the project for the eastern regions of the Vologda Oblast to include some of the objects of cultural and educational tourism of the regions: Babushkinsky (MBUK "Babushkinsky District Historical Museum", Ledengsky Salt Plant, etc.); Velikoustyugsky (Velikoustyugsky State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum Reserve, TsNK "Lad", etc.); Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky (Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky regional museum of local lore, CTNK "Peresvet", etc.); Nikolsky (Nikolsky Historical and Memorial Museum of the poet A.Ya. Yashin, MBUK "TsTNK Nikolsk", etc.); Nyuksensky (Regional ethnocultural center "Pozharishche", Nyuksensky regional TsNK, Nyuksensky regional museum of local lore, etc.); Tarnogsky (Tarnogsky museum, village Pershinskaya, etc.) Totemsky (Totemsky museum of local lore, etc.), Arkhangelsk region, Kotlassky district (Kotlassky museum of local lore, etc.), Syktyvkar (Finno-Ugric ethnopark, etc.)

So, this project is not without relevance, mission, goals and objectives. The project has designated target audiences, sources of funding, a description of the content of the project. The creation of a tourist-excursion route project will make a significant contribution to the economy of the regions: it will serve as a catalyst for increasing the flow of tourists, as a result, capital, and investments in the “outback” of the region. The project is important in the framework of cultural development and education, education of the local population and tourists.

3.2The program of the tourist-excursion route and its economic justification

The tourist-excursion route in the eastern regions "In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya" is a "tour-constructor", i.e. the route can consist of several modules - programs of tours of the regions, and can be compiled at the request of the tourist. A distinctive feature of the route is also its versatility: it can be both regional and interregional (including the Kotlassky district of the Arkhangelsk region, the city of Syktyvkar of the Komi Republic). We consider it purposeful to develop one of the possible specific route programs for the selected target audience (“In the footsteps of the Chud Zavolochskaya”) and make its economic justification (calculation). The route design result is technological documentation: technological map (Appendix 11) and information sheet (Appendix 12).

Description of tourist- excursion route. Route type: thematic (historical-archaeological, ethnographic), excursion. Seasonality of the route: warm season (May-September), vacation period. Type of route: circular. Type of transportation: bus and foot way of moving. Route length: 1482 km. Route duration: 4 days / 3 nights. The number of tourists in the group is from 10 + 1 to 20 + 1 people, due to the fact that some objects do not have a large capacity. The group has an accompanying person who travels for tourist purposes with the group free of charge.

Target audience: school groups from 12 to 18 years old (grades 6-11), students of secondary and higher professional educations.

The objectives of the route: acquaintance of tourists and local residents with the history of settlement and characteristics of the population of the region; consolidation of existing knowledge; recreation of tourists and their mastery of communication skills and experience in working with a group.

Basic services: transport services (bus "Haiger" for 35 seats), accommodation (hotels Dvina 3 *, Kameliya, Rassvet), meals (FB), guide services, medical insurance, entrance tickets to museums with excursion services and animation programs according to the plan .

Additional services: an additional day of the tour to the Kotlassky district of the Arkhangelsk region, an additional day of the tour to the city of Syktyvkar of the Komi Republic; accompaniment by a photographer.

Security requirement. School groups must be accompanied by a senior trusted person and carry a certificate of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis, made no later than 2 weeks before the start of the trip.

The head of the group, in this case, the guide, is obliged to conduct a safety briefing for tourists and let them sign in a special magazine.

Information about school groups within the tourist-excursion route is transferred to the traffic police in the Vologda region, as well as to the Ministry of Emergency Situations 2-3 days before the start of the tour. Details include: itinerary, tour duration and number of tourists; car brand and state number; Full name of the owner and driver of the car, details of the driver's license and personal mobile number; details of the last vehicle inspection.

The procedure for concluding an agency agreement and paying for the tour. Before the start of the tour, the escort of the group concludes an agreement with a travel company, receives a tourist voucher, a check for payment, a tourist memo. Payment is made no later than one week before the start of the trip. The voucher is automatically canceled in case of non-payment, and can also be canceled by the customer of the tourist product.

The program of the tourist-excursion route. Route line: Vologda - Veliky Ustyug - Morozovitsa - Kichmengsky Gorodok - Nikolsk - Bludnovo - im. Babushkina - Totma - Tsareva - Fire - Nyuksenitsa - Tarnogsky Gorodok - Pershinskaya - Vologda. The tour program includes animation programs: quests, master classes - for more effective recreation, memorization of the material, arousing the interest of participants, attracting the attention of potential tourists. The route involves the story and demonstration of historically interrelated events of the region and its ethnic characteristics. The program of the tourist-excursion route is shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 - Tourist and excursion route program

Day 1 Time Program of activities along the route 06:00 Gathering in Vologda at the main entrance of Spasskaya GRK. Departure to Velikoustyugsky district. The first point is Veliky Ustyug (450 km). While moving to the destination, the necessary travel information is given, the guide brings tourists to the main topic of the trip.13:00Arrival. Lunch in a cafe of traditional folk cuisine. Visit to the Museum of History and Culture, exposition of the history of Veliky Ustyug XII-XX centuries. 15:30 Transfer to the village. Morozovitsa (Velikoustyugsky district) (10 km). Quest game “Wonderful game. Part 1.»18:00Return to the city. Dinner in a cafe of traditional folk cuisine19:00

A tourist-excursion route is a complex of services provided by tourist enterprises to citizens (tourists). According to M.B. Birzhakov, "a tourist route is a geographically defined route of a hike, a journey, tied to a given area and special objects, and described with varying degrees of detail." In any case, trips (stays, trips, tours) are carried out along pre-selected routes, and they have a certain duration and purpose.

Often a tourist route is defined as a pre-planned route for the movement of tourists for a certain period of time in order to receive the services provided for by the program and additional tourist and excursion services. Tourist routes are one of the main types of services provided to tourists. Tourist and excursion organizations develop routes in advance, including a certain range of services (food, accommodation, excursions, sports and leisure activities, etc.).

The route is the path of the tourist, indicated by a list of all geographical points and places successively visited by him during the trip, indicating the types of transport used by the tourist to move between stops (stays) on the route. The starting and ending points are the starting and ending points of the journey. The beginning of the route is the place of rendering the first service to the tourist specified in the contract, and the end of the route is the place of rendering the last tourist service.

Routes are classified according to various criteria:

type, seasonality of action, construction of the route, duration, methods of movement and content.

Route types are:

• * thematic - with a predominance of excursion services and educational orientation;
• * hiking - routes with active modes of movement;
• * physical culture and recreation - with a predominance in the program of sports and recreational activities.

By building the route:

* Linear - with a visit to one or more points (except for the initial one) located on the track;

Linear route - a route, the beginning and end of which occurs at different geographical points of stay. However, this is the most common type of tourist route. A tourist stays in the destination for 7-10 days or more, making one-day excursions from their place of stay. After rest, the tourist returns to the place of permanent residence.

* Radial - with a visit to one point on the track;

Radial route - a route, the beginning and end of which occur in one geographical point of stay, located in it, the tourist travels to other points of stay, while returning to the starting point of the trip. For example, tourists from Saratov came to Moscow and after a two-day stay in the capital of Russia, leaving behind a hotel room, made two-day trips to Smolensk, Rostov the Great and Vladimir.

* Ring - with the coincidence of the points of the beginning and end of the route and visiting several points on the route.

Circular route-path, the beginning and end of which take place in one geographical point of stay, for example, the tour "Golden Ring of Russia" (Moscow - Sergiev Posad - Rostov the Great - Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo - Suzdal - Vladimir - Moscow).

In this case, the place of arrival in the country or locality can be:

unchanged, when tourists, arriving at a distance, pass through only one or two transit points - cities (for Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg are considered such "gateways")

* Combined route - a route that contains all the elements of a linear, ring and radical routes in one or another combination. For example, you can make a tour of the "Golden Ring of Russia" in combination with a visit to the ancient cities of Russia that are not included in the tourist route - Smolensk, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and others.

By seasonality, tourist routes are divided into year-round, which include all types of travel routes with a year-round schedule of their action, and seasonal, operating during any season or seasons.

According to the duration of the trip, the routes are divided into multi-day (holiday) and weekend routes.

By transport affiliation:

• * Tours on own transport, owned by transport companies of travel agencies;
• * Tours on rented specialized vehicles owned by transport organizations, which travel agencies use on a rental basis for a certain period;
• * Tours on public transport - on scheduled passenger transport, where tourists are transported as passengers;
• * Special tours on the personal transport of tourists - for owners of personal vehicles, with the provision of all types of services along the route, except for travel.

According to the types of transport used, tourist and excursion routes are divided into:

• * Motor ship routes - on motor ships of river and sea shipping companies; sea: cruise - more than a day, sightseeing and pleasure - no more than a day; river: tourist and excursion trips - more than a day, sightseeing and pleasure trips - no more than a day;
• * Aviation tours: group tours - using part of the seats in the aircraft of passenger airlines; special flights - full aircraft rental for special tourist transportation;
• * Bus routes: tourist and sightseeing - with the provision of accommodation and meals, various services, pleasure - without service, city transport can be used;
• * Rail tours: group travel using part of the seats in scheduled trains; special - rented trains using places in cars as accommodation bases on a given route;
• * Combined tours - travel using two or more modes of transport.

• * outdoor recreation (seaside, mountains, etc.)
• * hunting and fishing, etc.
• * visiting archaeological sites, historical monuments and other attractions.

excursion(from lat. excursio- walk, trip) - a collective visit to a museum, a place of interest, an exhibition, an enterprise, etc.; trip, walk for educational, scientific, sporting or recreational purposes. The display of objects takes place under the guidance of a qualified specialist - a guide, who conveys to the audience a vision of the object, an assessment of the memorable place, an understanding of the historical event associated with this object. Excursions can be both independent activities and part of a complex of tourist services. (Wikipedia):

technological map of the excursion- a technological document that determines the logical sequence of sightseeing on the route. (from GOST R 50681-94.)

Tour operating - a type of tourism business for completing tours from services offered by partner organizations-service providers (transport companies, hotel companies, sightseeing, entertainment companies, etc.). However, in reality, tour operating is much broader and involves the provision of both basic (tour package) and additional services (consumed on the spot for cash) to tourists.

The development of tourism within the country, including domestic and inbound tourism, is impossible without the development of domestic tour operating. There are two models of tour operating on the market - proactive and receptive. Initiative tour operating is a tour operating on departure, receptive - on reception. In a general sense, both types of entrepreneurial activity in the tourism market are defined as the activities of tour operators, i.e. activity on a complete set of a tourist product. However, despite the general similarity of the activities of proactive and receptive tour operating, there are still significant differences.

Sending tourists abroad, the initiative tour operator forms its tourist product from the services of receptive tour operators at the reception in the countries of visit, transport, visa, insurance and some other services. The service infrastructure for its consumers is created by service providers.

The tourist product (tour) consists mainly of transportation, accommodation and entertainment. Aviation, maritime, railway, automobile companies, as well as hotels and other accommodation facilities work to produce a tourist product, museum and excursion business, places of mass entertainment, sports, resort organizations, etc. Tourist product manufacturers - tour operators (TO) sell their products both directly to the buyer and indirectly through travel agents (TA). (see diagram in Figure 1).

A tour operator is a travel company (organization) engaged in completing tours under contracts with service providers and in accordance with the needs of tourists. A tour operator is a travel package manufacturer. He is engaged in the development of tourist routes and a complete set of tours; ensures their functioning, organizes advertising, calculates prices for tours on these routes, sells tours directly to tourists or through the mediation of travel agencies. The tour operator provides tourists with a variety of tourist services and at the same time simplifies ordering services in other cities and areas, taking on these functions.

The functions of a tour operator in the market can be compared with the activities of a wholesale trade enterprise: it purchases large volumes of services from hotels, transport and other tourism industry enterprises and combines its own tour programs from them, which it sells through travel agencies or directly to the consumer (tourist).

Figure 1 shows the formation of a tour (tour package) and its implementation.

The functions of the tour operator are:

1. Studying the needs of potential tourists for tours and tourist programs.

2. Drawing up promising service programs, tours and testing them on the market in order to identify compliance with the needs of tourists.

3. Interaction with service providers for tours on a contractual basis, with:

Hotels - to provide tourists with accommodation;

Catering enterprises - providing food to tourists;

Transport enterprises, firms and companies - to provide transport services for tourists;

Excursion companies, museums, exhibition halls, parks and other institutions - to provide tourists with excursion services;

Firms providing various household services - for the appropriate service to tourists;

The administration of sports facilities - for the opportunity for tourists to use sports facilities;

Managers of shows, cinema, video, theater enterprises - for tourists to visit them;

Directorates of reserves, reserves, landscape gardening, hunting and fishing farms - in order to provide tourists with recreation and services in such areas;

1.1 Tour content

As already said, " package of services"is one of the two components tour, which, in terms of its content, functional and quality properties, must satisfy the traveling tourist. The first component of the tour is tourist route, which plays a big role in giving it the necessary attractiveness, satisfying the dreams, wishes and interests of tourists.

Package of services- this is the second component of the tour, which, in terms of its content, functional and quality properties, should satisfy the traveling tourist. Service packages can have a variety of options depending on the quantity, functionality and quality of the services included in them. A typical package model is a complex that includes accommodation services, meetings and farewells, meals and excursions (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Components of the service package.

Based on the interests of tourists, the availability of free time and financial opportunities, tour operators should present various tour options, for example:

Tours of various duration (7, 10, 14 and other number of days);

Tours with a different set of services (bed and breakfast, half board, full board, all inclusive);

Tours of various classes (accommodation in hotels of various classes);

- various options for excursions;

Tours at different times of the year (seasonal, off-season, off-season trips).

Technological documents of the tour are regulated by GOST R 50681-94.

In table. 1 gives the priorities of tourists depending on age.

The development of tours is a complex and time-consuming process, since many small things must be taken into account in the development process in order to ultimately develop and put into operation a competitive tour.

The tour development technology includes 18 main stages, including:

- tourist and excursion service program: days of service, list of topics of excursions, duration of excursions;

Map-scheme of the route;

Reference materials on the route.

If the tour operator does not have its own excursion department, then an agreement is made with tour company which includes the following items:

The name and duration of excursions, the method of transportation on them (bus, pedestrian, motor ship, etc.);

Prices for excursions;

The number of tourists in the group on each excursion

Liability for the disruption of the tour (the fault of the tour company or tour operator).

Agreement with the museum. The agreement with the museum includes:

Options for excursions and their topics;

The number of tourists in the group;

Prices for excursions (differentiated - for group and individual, by age, etc.);

Discounts for group visits to the museum;

Deadlines for submitting applications for excursions;

Cancellation deadlines;

Liability for the disruption of the museum tour through the fault of one of the partners, etc.

We should not forget about additional services, that is, those that are not included in the tour package. They are provided to tourists on site for an additional fee. These are usually specific excursions, shows, sea, mountain or river walks, visits to water parks, national parks and reserves, safaris in the mountains and deserts, hunting, fishing and much more. Separate agreements are drawn up with enterprises providing these services in order to provide tourists with them and receive preferential prices by purchasing tickets for group visits.

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Rules of tourist-excursion service on tram (bus) routes.

1. Based on the main tasks assigned to transport and tourist-excursion organizations to ensure the high quality and level of culture of serving tourists and sightseers when using passenger transport, the exemplary Rules for transport and tourist-excursion services provide for the creation of the necessary conditions:

1.1. Development of proper documentation for a tourist or excursion route, its approval and certification;

1.2. Supply of buses for tourist and sightseeing trips at the set time, in a technically sound condition, in compliance with sanitary standards;

1.3. The movement of trams (buses) strictly according to the approved route
following the established schedule;

1.4. Safety of traffic and transportation of tourists and sightseers;

1.5. Compliance with proper order among tourists and sightseers, providing normal working conditions for the driver, cleanliness and safety of equipment, pleasant rest during the trip;

1.6. Carrying out a tourist-excursion trip in accordance with the approved program for servicing tourists and sightseers and the schedule of trams (buses);

1.7. Taking the necessary measures to deliver tourists and sightseers to their destination in cases of emergency along the way.

2. Exemplary Rules for transport and tourist-excursion services for tourists and sightseers when using passenger transport provide for the regulation of relations between transport enterprises and a tourist-excursion enterprise when performing a tourist trip. These Rules must be specified in the contract for transport services as mandatory for transport, tourist and excursion organizations and tourists (passengers, sightseers).

3. These model Rules do not replace the current Rules of the Road, the Special Conditions for the Transportation of Tourists and Tourists by Public Passenger Transport and the Regulations on the Guide of Tourist and Tourist Institutions and the Head of the Tourist Group on the Transport Route.

4. In their joint work in servicing tourists and sightseers, the tram (bus) driver, guide, head of the tourist group are obliged to provide tourists and sightseers with a pleasant stay in accordance with the tourist travel program, the set (package) of tourist services specified in the tourist voucher, and high-quality tourist and excursion service.

5. The driver, guide, head of the tourist group must:
5.1. To contribute to the full and adequate implementation of the activities of the program of tourist and excursion services for the group. Early arrival of a tram (bus) at the destination does not give the guide, the head of the tourist group the right to demand additional work from drivers that is not provided for by the traffic schedule;

5.2. Eliminate by joint coordinated actions disruptions and malfunctions in servicing tourists and sightseers that arise due to changed or unforeseen circumstances;

5.3. Be clean and neatly dressed. In communicating with each other and tourists, be correct, polite, avoid rudeness and harshness, adhere to the rules of the officially accepted address.

6. The driver is obliged to follow the instructions and orders of the guide, leader or accompanying tourist group, if they are not related to a change in the route, violation of traffic rules and do not threaten the safety of transportation, and do not contradict existing instructions. If the driver considers the order of the guide, the head of the tourist group to be incorrect, he must declare his disagreement, referring to the relevant document. If the guide, the head of the tourist group insists on the fulfillment of the order given to him, the driver is obliged to obey, while making an appropriate entry in the tour ticket or the guide's outfit, and upon arrival at the place, notify the transport company, which subsequently brings the violation to the attention relevant tourist and excursion organization (customer). Orders that entail violations of traffic rules, unreasonable change in the route and mode of operation, which poses a threat to the safety of vehicles and passengers, are not executed by the driver. In cases of deviation from the route for technical reasons or through the fault of the driver, the guide, the head of the tourist group (group leader) makes an entry in the waybill and the order certificate.

7. The guide, the head of the tourist group and the driver do not have the right to:

7.1. Change or extend the route planned in accordance with the tour passport and application, unless this is caused by special conditions that threaten traffic safety;

7.3. Allow travel by tram (bus) to persons not included in the tourist-excursion group, with the exception of persons included in the waybill, and employees who check the guide, the head of the tourist group on the route.

8. The driver is obliged to inform the guide, the head of the tourist group about all the observed facts of violation by tourists, sightseers of the rules for using the tram (bus), and the latter is obliged to take measures to prevent violations.

9. In case of intentional or repeated violations of the rules for using a tram (bus), the guide, the head of the tourist group, as a last warning, has the right to interrupt movement along the route, and in case of further disobedience, to drop the offender from the tram (bus), involving police officers if necessary .

10. Upon detection of damage by tourists to the tram (bus) and its equipment, the driver is obliged to immediately notify the guide, the head of the tourist group, interrupt the movement along the route and require them to draw up an act. After the transfer of the act to the driver, the movement along the route must be continued. An entry is made on the drawing up of the act in the driver's waybill.

11. The driver, guide, head of the tourist group are obliged to provide assistance and assistance to tourist and excursion groups whose trams (buses) have stopped due to an accident or technical malfunction. Passing by a faulty tourist or sightseeing tram (bus), the driver, guide, leader of the tourist group must stop, find out the required assistance and provide it. Assistance along the way should be provided to all tourist and excursion groups without exception, regardless of which transport company provided the tram (bus). Denial of assistance shall be regarded as a serious breach of these Rules.

12. Controversial issues are resolved by the guide, the head of the tourist group (group leader) and the driver without the participation of tourists. It is strictly forbidden to involve tourists and sightseers in disputes, to appeal to their opinion.

The route and schedule of the tram (bus),

the program and conditions of service for the group at each point of the route (rules and procedures for travel, excursion service plan, place and procedure for catering, accommodation for rest and overnight, calculation of the cost of services, etc.);

The content and rules for processing all documents related to servicing tourists and sightseers on the tram (bus) route; have proper travel documents (group lists, vouchers, vouchers, outfits, waybills, insurance policies, powers of attorney and permits, etc.), including group documents. Know all the necessary details of the host organizations, all addresses and phone numbers of organizations that he can and should contact along the way in case of emergency;

To issue, in the prescribed manner, the proper documents for transport, excursion services and other services provided to the group;

In case of non-appearance (or lagging behind the group) of any of the tourists or sightseers at the time and place of departure, the guide, the head of the tourist group: specifies the identity of the non-appearance and, if possible, the reason for the non-appearance; Delays the departure of the tram (bus) for 15 minutes and makes a note on the reasons for the delay in the waybill and ticket order; in case of non-appearance of a tourist, a sightseer due to tragic circumstances or a group non-appearance of tourists, sightseers, acts in relation to the circumstances, while a record is made in the travel documents about the duration and reasons for the delay and the decisions made.

Before the start of the trip, the guide, the head of the tourist group must:

Make sure that the tram (bus) meets the requirements in terms of its technical, sanitary condition and equipment;

Check the availability of the necessary documents and the list of tourists and make sure that the number of tourists and sightseers matches the number of seats;

Check whether tourists have passports or documents replacing them, international passports and visas, if required. Persons who do not have an identity document with them, as well as an insurance policy (mandatory voluntary medical insurance for those traveling abroad with adequate coverage) of health insurance, are not included in the group of tourists and are removed from the route;

Give permission to the driver to start boarding tourists, sightseers;

Introduce yourself to tourists or sightseers, introduce drivers and get acquainted with the head of the group, and in the combined group - appoint the head and explain to him his duties;

To familiarize tourists, sightseers with the route, the program and content of the tourist trip, the rules for using the tram (bus) and behavior along the route, the schedule of stops, the inadmissibility of lagging behind the group, what to do in case of lagging;

Explain to the driver the route to follow in the city and give an order to start moving.

On the way along the route, the guide, the head of the tourist group provides:

Conducting excursions in accordance with the guidelines and in relation to the characteristics of the contingent of tourists, sightseers;

Observance by tourists and sightseers of the Rules for the use of a tram (bus), cleanliness in the cabin and safety of equipment and does not allow distraction of the driver during work and other violations that interfere with the normal rest of tourists and sightseers;

Satisfying the requests and wishes of tourists and sightseers, if they do not change the route and schedule and do not go beyond the limits of actions allowed on the route;

Appointment in special cases of additional stops in the interests of the disabled, tourists, sightseers of advanced age or sick;

Timely indication to the driver of the place of stopping and parking of the tram (bus).

The guide, the head of the tourist group is prohibited from:
give orders that are contrary to the rules of the road; make loud remarks to drivers in the presence of tourists; make comments and give orders to drivers through the sound-amplifying installation; change the set mode of the driver. Thus, the process of excursion service should be based on standard provisions and rules in order to ensure the safety and quality of excursion services.

Tourist and excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land Dergachevsky”. Target audience: schoolchildren aged 1417 Murzakova Daria Sergeevna Length of the route: 1 km. 4th year student of group 421 (pedestrian) N. G. Chernyshevsky Institute of History and International Relations in Transport (bus) - 220 km. from the direction of "Tourism" Saratov to the river. settlement Dergachi Scientific adviser: -220 km. from r. Dergachi village to Saratov Associate Professor of the Department of Tourism and Cultural Heritage Total: 440 km. Institute of History and International Relations SSU N. G. Chernyshevsky Tour Duration (including Koroleva Oksana Vladislavovna interactive classes and a picnic) - 3 hours Saratov

Project objectives: 1. Involvement of new tourist sites in the tourist area of ​​the region. 2. Expansion of knowledge about the cultural and historical values ​​of the Saratov region, namely the Dergachevsky district. 3. Increasing the tourist attractiveness of the Dergachevsky district. 4. Educational tasks. 5. Attracting attention to the history of the native land by schoolchildren. 6. Introduction of new technologies, namely the use of interactive classes for schoolchildren in a game format. Project objectives: To create a unique project-guide for schoolchildren to the significant sights of the village of Dergachi, Saratov region, using interactive classes.

In the village of Dergachi, Saratov region, there is a large number of unique, historical and architectural sights. All of them are "long-livers" of the village. The uniqueness of the architectural heritage of Dergachi and its significance not only for the residents of the Dergachev district, but for the entire Saratov region, lies in the fact that the village has preserved buildings built more than two hundred years ago, which keep the history of that time. There are not many similar architectural structures left in the Saratov region. Acquaintance with architectural and cultural buildings on the territory of the Dergachev district will allow children to more fully learn the history of their native land, the life and way of life of the people who inhabited the Dergachev district

The minimum number of tourists in the group is 30 people Meals - 6000 rubles (for the whole group) Transport services - 10800 rubles Excursion service - 500 rubles Additional expenses for the group - 150 rubles (for each excursionist). Total 4,500 rubles Total direct costs - 21,800 rubles Profitability (15%) - 3,270 rubles Total cost of servicing the group - 25,070 rubles. . The cost of the 1st tour package is 726 rubles

The number of tourists and the number of groups - 30 people; 22 groups Total tourists on the route - 520 people Start of service on the route - May 16, 2016 End of service on the route - October 24, 2016

Sightseeing. Object 1: The building of the Dergachevsky Orphanage for mentally retarded children (Lva Tolstoy st., 68)

Object 3: Sculptural composition "1941-1945" To Dergachev soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War” (Maxim Gorky St.)

Practical application of the tourist-excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land Dergachevsky” Before starting to write a tourist-excursion project for children and schoolchildren, I wondered if the schoolchildren of Dergachi know the history of their native land and the most significant sights? Based on this, we conducted a sociological survey among schoolchildren aged 11-17 years. The questionnaire contained 6 questions: 1. What is patriotism? 2. Do you consider yourself a patriot? 3. Do you know the history of our village, its name? 4. What do you know about the streets of our village? 5. Do you know the sights of the village? 6. Enter your age.

57 people took part in the survey. All of them are schoolchildren of MKOU secondary school No. 1 r. village Dergachi, Saratov region. Analysis of the data obtained showed that 95% of the students surveyed are familiar with the concept of patriotism. 57 out of 57 (100%) of the surveyed schoolchildren consider themselves patriots of their country and native land. To the question “Do you know the history of our village, its names in the past? ”, only 45% of students gave the correct answer. 67% of schoolchildren are familiar with the sights of the Dergachi district, but 23% of the respondents do not know at all about the historical values ​​of the village of Dergachi.

Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that not all schoolchildren are familiar with the history of their native land. Many do not even have an idea about the sights of their native village. Having identified the current problem, it was decided to develop a tourist-excursion route for children, the main goals of which are to draw attention to the history of their native land on the part of schoolchildren and to expand knowledge about the cultural and historical values ​​of the Saratov region, namely the Dergachevsky district

Based on the information of the Dergachev Museum of Local Lore, the text of the excursion was compiled on the basis of historical data, facts and legends. The tourist excursion route “Historical and architectural guide for children “I love you, my land of Dergachevsky” is a unique project guide for schoolchildren to the significant sights of the village of Dergachi using interactive activities for children.

On November 8, 2014, the implementation of the project "I love you, my land Dergachevsky" took place. There were 23 schoolchildren aged 15-17 years old. The objects of the show were: - the building of the military commissariat of the Dergachevsky and Ozinsky districts; Church of the Archangel Michael; -Dergachev Museum of Local Lore; - the estate of Efim Fedorovich Morkov; - the house of the landowner Koltunov. At the end of the tour, an interactive lesson was held with the use of outdoor games and an educational quiz, the participants of which could show their knowledge gained during the tour.