How many cities are there in Finland? Finland. Population and mentality

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Finland is located in Northern Europe.

In the north, the state borders with Norway, in the northwest with Sweden, and in the east with Russia.

The coasts of Finland are washed by the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland in the west and south.

On December 6, 1917, Finland became independent. In 2012, it was recognized as the “most stable country in the world” by the American Fund for Peace.

The smallest administrative unit in Finland is the municipality (or commune, or commune). In 2011 there were 336. Every year the number of municipalities is reduced due to their mergers.

The communities are united into 19 regions (or regions, provinces), which are governed by regional councils.

The next level of administrative division is the provinces, which until 2010 were governed by governors, and since 2010 have been under the jurisdiction of regional management agencies.

The largest cities in Finland are Helsinki, Tampere, Espoo, Vantaa, Oulu, Turku.

Some areas of Finland, mostly skerry areas, are closed to visitors and are used for the needs of the navy.

Finnish steel companies - Outokumpu, FNsteel and others - are the largest suppliers of stainless steel in the world.

Climate and weather

The climate in the north of Finland is continental, in the rest of the country it is transitional from maritime to continental, temperate. At the same time, the Atlantic Ocean brings warm air masses to the country. All year round, westerly winds with cyclones blow across the country.

Winter in Finland is harsh. But the average temperature in winter and summer on Finnish territory is much higher than the temperature in the eastern regions at the same latitudes. Precipitation is observed throughout the country throughout the year. In February, the average air temperature is -6 ºС, and in Lapland - -14 ºС. The average temperature in July is +14 ºС in the north and +17 ºС in the south.

Nature

The main part of Finland is lowland, but in the northeast there are mountains of medium height, reaching 1000 meters. The highest point in Finland is in the Scandinavian Mountains in Lapland - Halti fjeld 1324 meters high.

Almost all Finnish rivers flow into the Baltic Sea. Only a few rivers in northern Finland flow into the Arctic Ocean. Finland is called the “land of thousands of lakes”: there are more than 190 thousand of them, and they occupy 9% of the entire territory. These are mainly small lakes 5-20 meters deep. The largest lakes in Finland are Päijänne (depth 93 meters), Saimaa, Oulujärvi, Inari.

There are about 2000 rivers in the country. Most local rivers are short in length, but they are full of waterfalls and rapids. The largest of them are Oulujoki, Tornionjoki, Kemijoki- located in the north.

In the direction from north to south, dense coniferous, mainly pine, forests in the center give way to sea coasts with a large number of medium-sized rocks and islands. In the very north are the almost treeless hills of Lapland.

There are 35 national parks in Finland, the largest of which are Urho Kekkonen National Park, Coastal Islands and Lemmenjoki.

Finland has a “everyone’s right to nature,” according to which every person is allowed to move freely within the national park.

Finnish forests are inhabited by foxes, moose, squirrels, otters, and muskrats. In the east there are lynx, wolf and bear. More than 250 species of birds live in Finland, including partridge, wood grouse, hazel grouse, and black grouse.

Attractions

The most attractive cities for tourists and rich in attractions in Finland are: Helsinki, Rauma, Turku, Kristinestad.

In the center of Helsinki you will find the famous Senate Square, surrounded by tall, majestic buildings, which together with the square form a single architectural ensemble in the Empire style. On the square there is a monument to Emperor Alexander II, there is also Lutheran Cathedral and University of Helsinki. A few steps from Senate Square is located Kauppatori - Market Square- the most crowded and lively place in the Finnish capital. Also worth a visit in Helsinki Assumption Cathedral, Sibelius monument, Finlandia Palace and carved into the rock church on Temppelinaukio square.

In the first capital of Finland - Turku - you will find Luostarinmeki- the only building preserved from the old city. In the north of Turku is the national tomb of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, built in the 13th century.

Old City Rauma was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The most interesting places for guests in Rauma are the Market Square, house museums and a Franciscan temple from the 15th century.

Worth to visit Olavinlinna Castle, built in 1475. Visiting the castle is only permitted under the guidance of a guide; excursions take place every day. From Helsinki you can get here by train, plane or bus.

In the ancient city Kristinestad, whose foundation dates back to 1649, is located Church of Ulrika Eleonora 18th century. Also worth a visit walled city of Suomenlinna, located in the center of Helsinki on an island.

Nutrition

Any national dish of Finland has retained the imprint of Finnish history. Finns love simple and hearty dishes. The main thing that should always be on the table is fresh bread.

The main product in Finland is fish. The most common dishes made from it are salmon in its own juice. ("graavi suckers"), herring salad ("rosolli"), freshwater fish caviar with onion and sour cream ("mati"), dried fish soup (“maymarocca”)

Classic meat dishes are most often prepared from game and venison. Among them - Karelian meat in a pot "karyalanpaisti" lamb stewed in a wooden bowl "syarya", roast venison with lingonberry jam and mashed potatoes.

Finns are very fond of milk products. The most popular of them are yogurt, various types of cheese, and “viili” - an unusual sweet and sour product added to a large number of dishes.

Traditional Finnish dessert consists of buns "pulla" with yeast, jelly and berries.

Finland ranks first in the world in coffee consumption. Another traditional drink is “coticaglia” beer, a kind of kvass. Popular varieties of vodka are Finlandia and Koskenkorva Vinna. Finnish berry liqueurs are very famous - “puolukkalikeri”, “lakkalikeri”, “karpalolikeri”, “mesimarialikeri”. Sparkling wines are even made from the berries - "Elissi" and "Cavlieri".

Accommodation

In Finland you can stay in motels and hotels, tourist villages, holiday houses and even on farms.

Finnish hotels are always equipped with the most modern equipment and provide a high level of service. They almost always have a sauna and a swimming pool. In the summer, student dormitories are turned into hotels. The level of service in them is no worse than in other hotels, but the prices are lower.

In a tourist village you can stay in a house on the shore of a lake, river or sea. Each house has its own shore and its own boat. One house accommodates from 2 to 5 people. Many villages welcome guests all year round, making them ideal for winter holidays. Here you can practice winter sports, hold business meetings and conferences. In addition, in a tourist village, as a rule, there is a hotel and a restaurant for those who do not want to cook their own food.

You can rent a private holiday house. There are about 5,000 such houses in Finland. The choice is very wide: from luxurious log cottages on the shore of a reservoir to unpretentious fishing huts. Such a house has electricity, everything necessary for heating, a bathhouse, and often a boat. Only you must bring your own towels and sheets.

Fans of extreme recreation can choose from 150 farmsteads in Finland, most of which are located in Eastern and Central Finland, and some on the Åland Islands. The farms provide full board.

Entertainment and relaxation

One of the most popular sports in Finland is skiing. There are ski slopes of varying difficulty throughout Finland. If you love high-speed skiing, you need to go to the Ruka resorts in Kuusamo and Koli in North Karelia, as well as to Lapland.

Between June and September is the best time to go hiking. In the north there are many tourist lodges located along hiking trails. The doors in such houses are not locked; inside there are beds, cooking facilities, dry brushwood, and a telephone. The best and most picturesque hiking routes are Lemeneki, Karhunkneros, Ruunaa in Karelia.

Another way to have a good time in Finland is boating. But if you want to go for a ride near the Turku archipelago, you will need good boat handling skills. You can go canoeing near the Åland and Turunmaa archipelagos.

The most popular holiday in Finland is Johannes. It runs from June 20 to 24. At this time, song festivals, concerts of folk ensembles, and folk festivals around huge “kokko” bonfires are organized. Another holiday often falls at this time - Finnish Flag Day.

Music festivals are very popular in Finland. They take place almost every weekend. Many of these festivals are well known in other countries, e.g. Provinssirock, Ruisrock, Tuska, Ilosaarirock, Raumanmeren, Ankkarock and others.

Purchases

In Finland, as in many countries, there are seasonal sales. Summer sales run from Midsummer (June 22-24) until the second ten days of August. Christmas sales last from December 27th until the end of January.

Finnish shops are usually open from 9:00 to 18:00, some until 20:00. On Saturday, stores open at 9:00 and close at 16:00. Private shops usually work longer hours and are open even on Sundays in the summer. On holidays, almost all stores are closed.

Transport

Finland has a very developed transport infrastructure. Air, bus and rail connections are particularly well developed. By plane you can reach more than 20 cities, including the city of Ivalo, located in the far north. Railroad tracks in Finland extend almost to the Arctic Circle.

The roads in Finland are of excellent quality and cover the country in a dense network. It is prohibited to overtake in a car on turns, at intersections and on hills. In winter, winter tires are required. You can only use a vehicle registered in Finland if you have valid Finnish insurance.

The largest airlines in Finland are Finnair and Finncomm. The second deals only with domestic transportation. The country's main airport is Helsinki. Both companies have frequent ticket sales. During such promotions, you can get from one end of the country to the other for 25-30 euros. There are also flight coupon systems. After purchasing such a coupon, each trip will cost you 25-40% less.

Almost every city in Finland can be reached by bus. Intercity buses in Finland are punctual. By bus you can make long journeys from Turku to Rovaniemi (15 hours) and from Helsinki to Oulu (9 hours).

Connection

Finland has a huge number of Wi-Fi hotspots. Stationary Internet access can always be obtained in numerous Internet cafes. If you are not traveling for a long time, it will be more profitable for you to connect international roaming with your operator.

From any telephone booth you can call directly to another country. Calls are made using telephone cards (you can buy them at the post office, in a store or at a newsstand) or using coins. In order to call abroad, you need to dial 00, 990, 994 or 999, followed by the country code, city code and direct number. To connect within Finland, you need to dial the combination 8 - beep - 10 - 358 - city code and direct number.

Safety

If you go on a trip to the Åland Islands, you need to remember that ticks are often found in this area. Therefore, it is better to wear long sleeves and trousers. Before a long trip, it is better to get vaccinated against encephalitis.

In Finland, the crime rate is very low everywhere, so ensuring security here comes down to ordinary vigilance in financial matters and avoiding all sorts of conflict situations.

Business climate

Finland has fairly high taxes. Such a high level of tax rates allows us to ensure a high level of security, as well as excellent quality of services in education and healthcare.

Any income in Finland is subject to tax. When applying for a job, you need to take a taxpayer card from the tax office and give it to the employer. Otherwise, 60% will be deducted from your salary.

If you are in Finland for no more than 6 months and work, 35% will be deducted from your salary. If your stay in the country is more than six months, you should obtain a Finnish personal code from the local magistrate. You will then be given a personal tax card.

Real estate

Renting housing in Finland is carried out by construction companies, funds, banks, insurance companies, municipalities and private individuals. You are unlikely to be able to buy an apartment that is constantly rented out.

There are special apartments for young people and students, as well as apartments equipped for the elderly and disabled. It is possible to sublease the property.

Information about rental housing is usually posted in newspapers, on bulletin boards, and on the Internet.

Currently, rental housing prices in Finland are rising. Renting an apartment or house in Finland will now cost about 5% more than last year. In Helsinki 1 sq. a meter of rented apartments costs 19.5 euros in a one-room apartment and 14.6 euros in a two-room apartment. Real estate prices are also rising. Now an apartment in the Greater Helsinki area costs 2% more than last year, in other areas of the country - by 0.6%. 1 sq. a meter of real estate in Finland costs an average of 2,127 euros.

In order to feel comfortable in Finland, you should know the basic rules of behavior and customs of this country. It is completely normal for a Finnish woman to go to a bar or cafe alone. It is not considered shameful for a woman to choose her own dance partner. For an indecent joke addressed to a woman, you can end up in the police and get a fine.

Finns don't smile much, but if you ask them on the street for help, they will be happy to help you. Finns do not like to call their interlocutor by name; the usual address is “Listen!” If you call your interlocutor of the opposite sex by name too often, he may think that you are hinting at the possibility of an intimate relationship.

Finns do not like to tell their friends about their personal problems; only doctors and social workers know about them. When talking with friends, it is common to talk about pleasant things.

The local population greatly values ​​cleanliness in their cities and successfully maintains it. You will rarely see stray dogs and cats on the streets, but squirrels calmly walk around them. Cities are buried in flower beds.

You can import foreign and national currency into Finland in unlimited quantities. It is also not prohibited to import alcohol and cigarettes in limited quantities: up to 2 liters of aperitifs and up to 1 liter of strong alcohol, up to 200 cigarettes and 50 cigars.

It is prohibited to import meat, meat products and poultry eggs, and dairy products.

Each police department has its own lost property office, so you can contact them if necessary.

Visa information

Finland is one of the members of the Schengen Agreement, and citizens of the CIS and the Russian Federation require a Schengen visa to stay on its territory. When applying for it, you must provide a foreign passport (it must be valid for at least 3 months after the end of the trip), one color photograph and two copies of a personally completed application form.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, visas are issued to:

• Embassy of Finland in Moscow (15 Kropotkinsky lane, office 17);
• Consulate General in St. Petersburg (Preobrazhenskaya sq., 4)4
• Consulates of Murmansk (Karl Marx str., 25a);
• Petrozavodsk (Gogol str., 25);
• as well as at Finnish visa centers in Kazan, St. Petersburg and Moscow.

The cities and nature of Finland seem harsh, but, at the same time, unusual and picturesque. Each city (the classification of settlements here is unique) has its own flavor.

The concept of "city" in Europe and Finland is slightly different. In the first version, this word means a settlement in which at least 50 thousand people live, and the population density is at least 500 inhabitants per square meter. If we take into account only such European parameters, then there are 6 cities in Finland: Turku, Lahti, Vantaa, Jyväskylä, Helsinki and Espoo. It’s strange, but according to these data, even Tampere, which is an industrial settlement, does not belong to the category of cities.

If we take into account the Finnish classification of cities (municipalities), then according to it, 108 settlements are registered in the country, which are considered cities. Interestingly, the smallest of them is home to only 1,400 people. Most of the cities are located in the southern and western parts of Finland.

Large cities in Finland: list in Russian

List of Finnish cities by region:

• Western and internal Finland: Akaa, Alavus, Scarvi, Vaasa, Valkeakoski, Vitasaari, Virrat, Ikaalinen, Juzyaskulya, Yamsya, Kangasala, Cannus, Cascinen, Cauhaioki, Kauhava, Keuruu, Kokkola, Christine -Builder, Kurikka, Lapua, Mainty Vilppula. Nerpes, Nokia, Orivesi, Parkano, Pietarsaari, Saarijärvi, Sastamala, Seinäjoki, Tampere, Uusukaaolepyu, Ehtäri, Äänekoski, Ylejärvi.
• Southern Finland: Vantaa, Imatra, Karkkila, Kauniainen, Kerava, Kotka, Kouvola, Lappeenranta, Lahti, Loviisa, Lohja, Jurimatilla, Porvoo, Raseborg, Riihimäki, Forsaa, Hamina, Hanko, Heinola, Helsinki, Hyvinkää, Espoo, Järvenpää.
• Eastern: Varkaus, Iisalmi, Joensuu, Kitee, Kiuruvesi, Kuopio, Lieksa, Michelli, Nurmes, Outokumpu, Pieksämäki, Savonlinna, Suonenjoki.
• Southwestern: Guittinen, Kaarina, Kankaanpää, Kokemäki, Laitila, Loimaa, Naantali, Paimio, Parainen, Pori, Raisio, Rauma, Salo, Somero, Turku, Ulvilla, Harjavalta.
• Northern: Kalajoki, Kajaani, Kuusamo, Kuhmo, Nivala, Oulainen, Oulu, Pudasjärvi, Puhäjärvi, Raahe, Haapavesi, Haapajärvi, Ylivieska.
• Åland Islands: Mariehamn.
• Lapland: Kemijärvi, Kemi, Rovaniemi, Tornio.

Cities in Finland by population

The largest number of residents live in the Finnish capital Helsinki – 574.5 thousand. The smallest number of inhabitants is in Kaskinen - 1480 people. You can learn more about the population of Finland from.

Number of cities in Finland:

• From 100 thousand to 500 thousand inhabitants – 7.
• 50 – 99 thousand – 8.
• 30-50 thousand – 13.
• 10-30 thousand – 41.
• 5-9 thousand – 39.
• Up to 5 thousand – 1.

Tourist cities in Finland worth visiting

In Finland it is almost impossible to get into large polluted cities, because they are not here. You can only see crystal clear rivers and lakes, amazingly beautiful islands and huge areas of forest.

• Lappeenranta. The city has recently become a famous resort, which lies on the shores of the largest Finnish lake. There are many vacationers from Russia, since the settlement is located on the Russian-Finnish border.
• Porvoo is considered the oldest Finnish city with unique wooden buildings and unusual cobbled streets, located on the river of the same name. The city is very colorful and original, built in the Middle Ages.
• Vaasa is a student city with 3 universities. Built back in the 17th century. Unique in that it was previously ruled by Russians, and most of the inhabitants were Swedes. Many old buildings did not survive, because the city was destroyed by fire and then rebuilt.
• Savonlinna is located in the Saimaa lake region. An ideal holiday destination for those who love lakes and wildlife. The main attraction of the city is Olavinlinna Castle, which was built in the 14th century. The opera festival attracts many guests.

Cities such as Jyväskylä, Rauma (listed by UNESCO), Turku, Tampere, Rovaniemi, and Helsinki also deserve attention.

Northern Finland is a harsh, but very picturesque and interesting region.

The largest cities in this area include:

• Oulu is located near the Gulf of Bothnia and is considered a kind of bridge to the world of Northern Finland, which is located almost 700 km away. There are amazing landscapes here not only near the bay, you can also find mountains, harsh but amazingly beautiful forest areas, and unusual polar vegetation. This is the land of Santa Claus and his fabulous helpers.
• Kuusamo is the city in which most tourists noted the most interesting routes. They are located along the Oulanka River (national park), river valleys, which are clearly indented by nature itself. There will also be gorges and abysses along the way. For tourists who are conquering walking routes for the first time, they offer an easy route to the Kitkanjoki River.
• The region of Tornio and Kemi is the harsh northern Finland, which gives you the opportunity to feel the breath of the sea. Tourists here enjoy boat trips on the Tornionjoki River and the Gulf of Bothnia (the most popular fishing destinations in Finland and Norway), safaris and salmon fishing spots. You can learn about the region itself at the Museum of Sami Culture and the Art Museum.
• Rovaniemi is especially popular among tourists during the Christmas and New Year holidays. Vacationers are attracted by snow-white winters and white nights. In addition to the main types of recreation, which are found throughout the northern part of the country, visiting the Ounasvaara fell and visiting reindeer herding farms are especially popular. Just 9 km from the city is the world-famous country of Santa Claus. You can see him there almost every day. Nearby is Ranua Zoo.
• Saariselkä is located beyond the Arctic Circle, among the hills. It is imbued with a real polar spirit. Despite the harsh conditions, life here is vibrant all year round. Routes of any complexity have been prepared for tourists. You can go skiing, reindeer sledding, dog sledding, or motor sleigh rides. You can also go fishing, pan for gold, or book a mini kayak tour (in summer).