Low-cost airline - what is it in aviation. Who are low-cost airlines? Low cost airlines

In the modern world, airplanes are one of the most popular modes of transport. However, for many, flying is prohibitively expensive. The solution was the emergence of low-cost airlines, which offer travel at a relatively low price, paying only for tickets. Such air transportation quickly gained popularity all over the world.

What is a low-cost airline

Many travelers are interested in what a low-cost airline is in aviation. The main difference between such companies is the low ticket price. Literally translated, the term means “low costs.” Low-cost airlines may offer cheap tickets for a number of reasons. European and American companies have been providing such services since the 90s. Low-cost airlines appeared in Russia relatively recently. Thanks to the development of such a business, passengers can move from the point of departure to the point of arrival, spending almost 2 times less money.

How do low cost airlines work?

It’s better to understand what a low-cost airline is by studying the basic operating principles of low-cost airlines:

Low-cost airlines fly directly from the point of departure to the destination, without transfers. In addition, planes travel short distances. This schedule helps low-cost airlines serve more passengers at low fares.
Low-cost airlines use aircraft of the same model, and the airliners should not be older than 5 years. Such conditions ensure a reduction in costs for spare parts, maintenance and personnel training. Among the models of low-cost airlines, the A310, A320 or small Boeings are used.
Companies are hiring fewer workers.
Tickets are sold online on the discounter's website, so there is no need to print and process papers or maintain a ticket office.
Savings on fuel are achieved by concluding long-term contracts with companies that supply it. During the period of price increases, low-cost airlines sell fuel at the previous price.
For departures and landings, low-cost airlines use small air harbors, which are often located far from the city. These airports charge lower fees.
Passenger aircraft of such companies stay in the air for a longer period of time, which reduces the cost of using airfields.
Inside airliners of budget companies there are seats that do not have reclining backrests. Reducing the distance between seats allows you to accommodate more passengers. There is no division into classes.
Transport of low-cost airline companies is actively used for advertising. There are no pockets on the seat backs, and there are no curtains on the windows, so less time is spent on cleaning, and the aircraft only uses the airport for a short period.

What is included in the price of budget air tickets?

When purchasing low-cost airline tickets, passengers pay only the cost of their seat, which is not determined in advance. Once inside the salon, you can take any free space. However, the most comfortable ones must be paid for. Companies make profits through additional services, for which they charge an additional fee. These include baggage allowance (excluding hand luggage), food and drinks, and reservations. To save money, you need to fly low-cost airlines with only a small amount of things, packing some food to eat while the trip lasts.

Popular low cost airlines

Today there are several of the most common companies that offer low-cost tours:

AirAsia - a large Asian low-cost airline has more than a hundred aircraft at its disposal. The giant's airliners fly across Indonesia, Thailand and many other countries of the continent.
Air Berlin is widely represented in Russia. The low-cost airline operates flights from 16 locations in this country. The low-cost airline offers flights to 170 different destinations.
Vueling Airlines is a company based in Spanish territory. Delivers passengers to 45 destinations. Departures from Russia are made from airfields in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
EasyJet is a British-based company with a large transport network covering more than 3 hundred destinations. From Moscow you can fly to London and Manchester using low-cost airlines.
Ryanair is the largest low-cost airline in the European Union. Aircraft depart to 1,500 points. This low-cost airline is not represented in Russia. You can fly from Latvia or Finland.

Are there low-cost tours in Russia?

In the summer of 2014, Russian residents found out what a low-cost airline is. The Dobrolet project was organized, which ceased to exist after a short time. The reason for the reorganization of the low-cost airline was sanctions from European countries. The replacement was Aeroflot's new creation, which is called Pobeda. At the first stage, the planes operated exclusively domestic flights, but subsequently the network grew. Now the Boeings of the Russian low-cost airline can fly to European cities. The organization's operating principles are based on the same principles as those of European carriers.

Previously, several unsuccessful attempts were made to organize low-cost flights in the country. They were represented by the following companies:

Sky Express;
Avianova.

Many people who are planning to fly somewhere often come across the concept of low-cost. What is it and what is its feature? Discounters, low-cost airlines, low-cost carriers - all these are the names of low-cost airlines that originally emerged in the West, and today are actively developing in Russia. The essence of low-cost airlines is that the passenger can sacrifice comfort and optional services on board, while saving money on purchasing tickets.

Initially, when few people knew about low-cost airlines, airlines offered tickets for sale at a price of 10.5 dollars, and sometimes it even dropped to one dollar. Today there are no such prices, but tickets costing 20-30 dollars are often found. These are the cheap low-cost airlines that are popular now.

Why cheap?

In fact, there is nothing strange about the low price. And you shouldn’t expect any tricks when buying a cheap ticket. You just need to understand exactly how airlines save on selling economy class tickets.

The basic principle that low-cost airlines in Europe, America, and Russia adhere to can be described as follows: “We give you the opportunity to fly, and you have to pay for the rest yourself.” It is worth recognizing that this principle really works, since it really helps to reduce the cost of purchasing tickets. And many airlines, which previously could not be called cheap, are gradually beginning to adhere to this principle. Even national air carriers sometimes offer such attractive prices that they can automatically be classified as low-cost airlines. We have already figured out what attractive prices are - this is the opportunity to fly from one point to another for just 20-30 dollars. But even the cost of a ticket of 60-100 dollars is low if you have to fly over very long distances. Finding such cheap tickets is not a problem - the Expedia booking system will help with this. Low-cost airlines are immediately visible with their low prices. It also happens that the difference in price when flying the same route with different airlines can be several thousand dollars.

Unfortunately, there are very fanatical low-cost airlines that are so keen on cutting costs that it becomes difficult to fly with such airlines. Delays at check-in, very small and uncomfortable seats on planes, possible problems with luggage - all this is automatically received by the passenger when purchasing a ticket from a low-cost airline. But complaints are a different story. If a passenger believes that an employee has violated his rights, then complaining to the airline means wasting his nerves. However, most modern Low Cost companies conduct business “humanely”, without spoiling their reputation with terrible conditions for passengers.

What do they save on?

So, we have already found out what a low-cost airline is. But how exactly is the low ticket price achieved? Let's talk about this. The first factor influencing the cost of a ticket is the airport.

Airports

The airport tax has not been canceled - passengers pay it when purchasing a ticket for aircraft maintenance. Low-cost airlines in Italy and other countries are trying to reduce the fee, which will entail a reduction in the cost of a ticket for the passenger, so they “park” their planes at cheaper airports. The cheapest airports are those located far from the city.

For example, the Hungarian low-cost airline Wizz Air uses the airport in Katowice (Poland), and not the city of Krakow, which is interesting for tourists. Many passengers get to Poland first in Katowice and then use public transport to travel to Krakow if necessary. This saves money.

Often, low-cost airlines use old airports that set minimum airport taxes in order to at least stay afloat. They can even be located within the city, from where tourists can easily reach tourist areas. One of the cheapest airports is Zhulyany in Kyiv. In Bangkok, for example, after the opening of the modern Suvarnabhumi Airport, the old Don Mueang became a base for cheap low-cost airlines.

There is another option to reduce airport fees - to reduce the cost of infrastructure. For example, if you cancel buses at airports that carry passengers (from here you can remove the cost of servicing buses, gasoline, and driver salaries), and use boarding hoses instead, you can also achieve a reduction in ticket prices. However, even planting sleeves cost money. At some airports (for example, at Kuala Lumpur Airport, at the LCCT terminal), passengers generally walk from the terminals to the aircraft. Due to the cheap maintenance of aircraft at such airports, tickets are also inexpensive.

However, there is also serious competition among companies of this level, and in order to “outdo” others, many low-cost airlines use the services of more expensive airports compared to their competitors.

Frequency and times

It is not only passengers who pay for aircraft parking when purchasing tickets. Airlines also contribute a certain amount. Therefore, low-cost airlines try to spend less time at the airport and keep their planes in the air. Consequently, the frequency of landings/takeoffs is quite high throughout the day. The planes of low-cost companies operate on the principle of minibuses: they arrive, take passengers, and fly away. And for the “overnight” they stay only at special hub airports.

Often the airport tax depends on the time of arrival of the aircraft. It's usually cheaper at night than during the day. During the peak tourist season, airport taxes for airlines are higher, so tickets may be more expensive. Therefore, when buying a ticket, you should not be surprised that the cost of flying to the same country for the same airline will differ at different times.

Aircraft fleet

When you buy a new car, it comes with a 5-year warranty. A good car rarely needs repairs. It's the same with airplanes. In order not to spend a lot of money on maintaining a staff of repairers and maintenance personnel, low-cost airlines try to use only new aircraft. After a new airliner has been flying for 5-6 years, some of its elements require replacement, so they try to sell the airliner itself to other airlines. As a result, it turns out that the average age of low-cost aircraft from Moscow, for example, will be about 5-6 years, and the average age of airliners from expensive companies can reach 13-15 years. However, this does not mean that an old plane that has been flying for 15 years is bad. Rather, it is even better, since such a machine is time-tested and well known to pilots and mechanics.

Load volume

One of the most effective ways to reduce ticket prices is to place as many seats as possible in the cabin. Consequently, budget airline aircraft are always equipped with a much larger number of seats compared to classic airline aircraft. Narrow aisles between rows, small legroom - all this is typical for budget airlines.

Sales period and return of tickets

Ferrying an empty plane from one airport to another is unprofitable. Therefore, each airline is trying to ensure that the cabins of their aircraft are 100% full. However, this rarely happens. According to IATA, the average occupancy rate of aircraft cabins is 70%. All airlines know about this, although they try not to talk about it out loud. Of course, incomplete occupancy is taken into account by the carrier, so the ticket price is formed in such a way as to ensure the profitability of the flight even with 70% occupancy of the cabin. To put it simply, when purchasing a ticket, the passenger also pays for a third of the empty seat in the cabin.

However, there is also a positive aspect. If the carrier knows that the flight will pay for itself even if 20-30% of passengers are not on board, then it puts big discounts on tickets to earn more money. This way, many passengers get the opportunity to cheaply purchase tickets for low-cost airlines from Moscow or other cities in Russia and other countries.

It is also worth noting the early ticket sales service. If an airline client buys a ticket six months before departure (and this happens), then the passenger is satisfied because he was able to save a lot. The carrier is also satisfied, since he gets the opportunity to use clients’ money for six months. In essence, the airline receives an interest-free loan that does not need to be repaid at all, because low-cost airlines usually do not allow customers to return tickets. In some companies, even changing the departure date or last name on the ticket can result in additional expenses for the client.

Ticket purchase and registration

Low-cost airlines in Italy, France, the USA, Russia and other countries sell tickets for flights on the Internet. They do not want to create offices and pay salaries to a large staff. As for many classic companies, they sell tickets over the Internet and through agent networks. The latter have their own percentage of ticket sales, which makes the ticket price higher. The same applies to registration. You can check in for a low-cost flight online. This eliminates the need to pay salaries to employees at reception desks. You can save money by purchasing your ticket and checking in for your flight online.

Nutrition

Low-cost airlines most often do not feed passengers on board for free, but passengers can order food for money. Although on short flights food is not needed at all. Classic and expensive airlines feed passengers, and the cost of food is included in the ticket price. That is, the passenger pays for food when purchasing a ticket in any case, whether he wants to eat it or not.

In addition, if you order food in advance on the website of a low-cost airline, you can also save money. It will be cheaper than if you buy it directly on board.

Places

Many low-cost airlines manage to make money even on small things. On many conventional airlines, passengers can select a window seat when purchasing a ticket. You can also ask the employee at check-in to give you tickets that are close to each other if you are flying with friends. Many low-cost airlines do not offer this option. Or rather, you can “knock out” a seat by the window, but you will have to pay extra for it. Many passengers are willing to pay extra to sit near the emergency exit, where there is more legroom. By the way, small legroom is a problem for many low-cost airlines, which try to place seats as close to each other as possible.

However, if a passenger is given an aisle seat, he can politely ask the flight attendant for permission to move to the window (if such a seat is available), and she will almost certainly allow him.

Baggage

Considering what a low-cost airline is, you shouldn’t be surprised by the baggage policy. Most often, regular airlines assign one baggage and one hand luggage per passenger. Many low-cost airlines check in only hand luggage for passengers, and you have to pay separately for baggage transportation.

Many passengers manage to pass off their luggage as hand luggage, taking a small (or large) backpack with them into the cabin. You can put everything you need on yourself and put it in your pockets. In general, if you follow the rules, luggage weighing up to 8 kg and measuring up to 55x40x20 cm is usually considered carry-on luggage.

Finally

Now you know what low-cost is. Such companies open up the possibility of air travel to all citizens, eliminating all possible services that a passenger can do without. Today, low-cost tours from Moscow and other Russian cities are very popular, so many expensive airlines open so-called “subsidiaries” - low-cost airlines offering passengers cheap tickets.

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You don't have to spend a huge amount of money to travel. Just imagine, there are already airlines whose tickets are cheaper than a ticket for an intercity bus.

website I have compiled for you a list of the 100 largest low-cost airlines in the world that will take you anywhere in the world for little money. Save it for yourself!

Low-cost airlines flying from Russia

Pobeda is a Russian low-cost airline. In addition to numerous domestic flights, it operates regular flights to Spain, Germany, Montenegro, Italy, Slovakia and Cyprus. During promotions you can buy tickets for 1000 rubles.
WizzAir is a Hungarian low-cost airline. They fly from Moscow to Budapest.
Pegasus is a Turkish low-cost airline. Flies from Moscow, Krasnodar, Mineralnye Vody, Sochi, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Makhachkala, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Perm and Yekaterinburg.
Air Baltic is a Latvian airline from which you can buy a ticket with a good discount almost every day. Planes fly from Kaliningrad, St. Petersburg and Moscow.
Vueling is a Spanish low-cost airline. Operates seasonal flights from Kazan, Kaliningrad, Krasnodar, Samara and Moscow. Sometimes you can find tickets for 50–100 euros round trip.
Air Arabia is the first low-cost airline in the Middle East and operates flights to 89 cities around the world, including from Moscow.
GermanWings - German airlines. You can buy cheap tickets from Moscow to different cities in Germany.
Fly Dubai is the state-owned low-cost airline of the United Arab Emirates, flying in the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Europe, including from Moscow, Kazan, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar.
Tuifly is a small German low-cost airline. Flies from Kaliningrad, Krasnodar and Moscow.
AirBerlin - despite the fact that AirBerlin is not officially considered a low-cost airline, the airline's ticket prices are very reasonable and there are often discounts. There are flights from Moscow, Kaliningrad and St. Petersburg.
NIKI is an Austrian low-cost airline that serves regular flights to Europe and Africa. Flies from 16 Russian cities.
Condor is a German airline with a charter focus on exotic countries. Very good price for a one way flight. Flies from Kazan, Samara, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, St. Petersburg and Moscow.
Meridiana is the second largest airline in Italy. With promotions, you can fly from 4,000 rubles from Moscow to various Italian cities.
Air Moldova - quite often inexpensive flights through Chisinau to many European cities can be “grabbed” from Surgut, Yekaterinburg and Kaliningrad, St. Petersburg and Moscow.
Blu-Express - flights to Rome and Milan from Moscow.
IcelandAir - if you're going to Iceland, this is your airline.
Onur Air is a Turkish airline that flies from Moscow and Nalchik.
SmartWings is a Czech company that operates regular flights throughout Europe and the Middle East. Flies from Moscow.

European low-cost airlines

Ryanair is the largest and most budget low-cost airline in Europe. You can buy tickets in advance for 5–10 euros.
EasyJet is a British low-cost airline, currently one of the largest in Europe, flying to more than 300 destinations.
Norwegian Air - flies within Europe and to the USA from Scandinavian cities. It is the third largest low-cost airline in Europe in terms of fleet size and traffic volumes after Ryanair and EasyJet.
Volotea is an Italian low-cost airline. Volotea has its own trick: you can register on the site and receive 10 euros to your account. Then you can invite friends and receive 10 euros for each. The airline often has sales where you can buy a ticket for 5–10 euros.
Germania - for travelers to Germany.
Helvetic is a Swiss low-cost airline.
Ukraine International Airlines - often has good prices for flights to Europe and Asia.
Anadolujet is a subsidiary of Turkish Airlines and operates flights within Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
Sun Express - connection between Turkey and German-speaking countries.
Corendon is a Turkish low-cost airline based in Antalya. Many flights to Germany.
Transavia is a Dutch low-cost airline.
Aerlingus is an Irish low-cost airline. Flies to 190 cities, including the USA and Asia.
Blue Air is a Romanian low-cost airline.
Israir Airlines is an airline from Israel. Flies to Europe.
Flybe is Europe's largest independent regional airline, flying 150 routes to 55 airports. Based in England.
Jet2 is a British low-cost airline.
Monarch is also a small British low-cost airline.
XL Airways - cheap tickets to resort countries.
Thomson is a popular British low-cost airline.
WOW Air is another British low-cost airline.
Virgin Atlantic is a long-haul British low-cost airline. Flies to North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. Main hub in London.

Asian low-cost airlines

Air Asia is a Malaysian low-cost airline. For many years it has maintained its status as the best low-cost airline in the world and the largest in Asia.
Tiger Air is a Singaporean-Australian low-cost airline. Another option is to get to Australia with a layover in Asia.
Nok Air is a budget airline in Thailand headquartered in Bangkok. The name is derived from the Thai word for bird.
Jet Airways is India's second international carrier. The airline's aircraft make about 400 flights to 64 airports every day.
IndiGo is an Indian private domestic low-cost airline. Winner of the “Best Domestic Low-Cost Air Carrier” award.
SpiceJet is a major Indian low-cost airline. Operates local and international flights (Afghanistan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Oman and Maldives).
Air India Express is an Indian low-cost airline headquartered in Mumbai, operating in the passenger transportation market from Indian airports to the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
Go Air is an Indian low-cost airline headquartered in Mumbai. The airline operates more than 100 flights daily.
Vanilla Air is a Japanese low-cost airline. Flies between Japanese cities, as well as to Taiwan and Hong Kong.
Solasead Air is a Japanese company that recently announced discounts to foreign tourists of up to 65% off the regular price - making the company the first airline to offer discounts to foreign tourists.
Flypeach is a Japanese low-cost airline. It operates domestic flights and also has flights to Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea.
Air Do is a domestic Japanese low-cost airline.
Sky Mark is another Japanese budget employee.
Star Flyer is a Japanese “hybrid” air carrier - something in between the level of service between low-cost airlines and regular airlines.
Fire Fly is a low-cost Malaysian airline that flies to Indonesia and Thailand. There are flights to London and New Zealand.
JetStar - flies throughout Asia and Australia.
Cebu Pacific is a low-cost airline and the largest airline in the Philippines.
Air Swift is a tiny Philippine company that connects only 3 cities - Manila, Cebu and El Nido.
Citi Link is a low-cost airline connecting 23 cities in Indonesia.
Lion Air is Indonesia's largest private airline, flying to 126 destinations in Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia.
Jeju Air is a South Korean low-cost airline.
Jin Air is another low-cost airline in South Korea.
Dragon Air is a Hong Kong airline that operates scheduled passenger services to 44 destinations in 13 countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
Mihin Lanka is a low-cost airline from Sri Lanka. It flies throughout the Indian subcontinent, Gulf countries, Southeast Asia and East Africa.
CH.com - Chinese bow carrier.
China United is a private Chinese airline operating in the field of scheduled and charter air transportation within the country.
Juneyao Airlines is another Chinese domestic budget airline.
Lucky Air is another Chinese domestic low-cost airline.
Scoot is a Singaporean low-cost airline. Operates flights throughout Asia.
Air Blue is a Pakistani commercial airline.

Low-cost airlines - low-cost airlines (discount airlines or low-cost airlines) offer extremely low airfare in exchange for eliminating most traditional passenger services. If an additional service is present, as a rule, its cost is comparable to the ticket price.

The birthplace of the Low Cost concept is the USA, from where it spread to Europe in the early 1990s and subsequently became popular in many countries around the world. By building an entirely new business model based on high productivity and low overhead costs, discount airlines gave passengers the opportunity to fly at very low fares unthinkable for traditional carriers.

In Europe, more than 120 airlines fly to all destinations, ready to offer their passengers the lowest prices on air tickets.

Three types of low cost airlines:.

Type 1: Ultra Lowcost

Representatives of this type of low-cost airline in Europe are Ryanair. WizzAir falls between the lower and middle groups. Ultra-low-cost airlines in Asia are AirAsia, Cebu Pacific, Tiger.

Carrier management minimizes its costs as much as possible. As a result, this leads to a huge number of additional options that you have to pay for: baggage transportation, priority boarding, in-flight meals, emergency row seat reservations and even check-in.

In fact, you can buy a cheap ticket only a few months before the flight and only if you travel light. Ultra low-cost airlines fly mainly to remote airports, which are often located 100–150 km from the city; flight connections are not made, i.e. The airline sells flights from point A to point B only on direct flights.

But as a result, maximum savings allow us to offer extremely low ticket prices.

Type 2: Middle Lowcost

Most low-cost airlines belong to the second category. Prominent representatives of this group are Germanwings, EasyJet, Vualing. On the one hand, luggage still remains paid, as does food, and the layout also provides for the maximum possible number of seats. However, some companies of the second type have the official possibility of connections; flights are often operated to central airports; sometimes the passenger receives a boarding pass with a specified seat on the plane or in the boarding queue.

This approach leads to increased costs and tickets for Middle Lowcost airlines can be called relatively cheap. The standard one-way price excluding baggage can be 30–70 euros, and really cheap tickets for 20–40 euros only pop up during sales.

Type 3: Low Fare

The third type of low-cost airlines can be called low-cost airlines. It is often difficult to even tell how they differ from traditional airlines, except for the level of tariffs. Prominent representatives are AirBerlin and partially airBaltic. Airlines offer official connections, flights to central airports, ticket sales through global distribution systems (GDS Amadeus, Galileo), designated seats on boarding passes, free baggage transportation, comfortable legroom in the cabin, food availability and even an in-flight entertainment system.
As a result, fares are almost always on par with regular airlines.

Low cost airlines(they are also called discount airlines or low cost) are a new type of airline that have become popular throughout the world in recent years. They brought a new approach to the airline business, expressed by the formula "low costs - low tariffs - high demand - high profits."

A little history of low cost airlines

The first projects of low-cost airlines in the early 1970s ended in failure - American PSA, People Express and Laker Airways disappeared forever and were forgotten. Achieved success. Having started flying in 1971, today Southwest has become the largest low-cost airline in the world, covering the entire United States with a network of low-cost airlines. The low cost revolution in Europe began in the early 1990s. The pioneers of low-cost transportation were the now defunct Buzz and Go airlines. By 2000, low-cost airlines had gained popularity all over the world and today there are large discount airlines in almost every region of the globe, serving airlines lasting 1-2 hours.

How do low-cost airlines differ from traditional airlines?

Classic airlines build their route networks around one or more hubs. All flights to these airports have convenient connections to each other. Due to this, airlines can offer you a large number of cities that can be reached with a transfer at a hub airport. The wide geography of flights attracts a large number of passengers flying to different cities.

Everything would be fine if such a scheme were not expensive:

To connect both large and small cities, airplanes of different sizes are needed; more different airplanes mean more costs for maintenance, pilot training, etc.,

Some flights are longer, others are shorter. To meet at the hub airport at the same time, short-haul flights must wait while long-haul flights arrive. And the longer the plane sits, the more expensive it costs,

To sell tickets at a higher price, airlines offer additional services - business lounges at airports, meals on board, baggage reloading at the hub airport, etc. All this requires money to maintain,

Traditional airlines are surrounded by intermediaries - airline ticketing agencies, global computer networks for booking seats. They all receive a considerable share of the cost of the air ticket,

Budget airlines have taken a different path: Reducing costs, increasing flight efficiency, selling tickets at cheap rates without intermediaries, offering additional services only to those who wish for a fee.

How do low-cost airlines save money?

Better use of airplanes - discount airlines fly point-to-point, so they are not tied to specific airport arrival times and can fly more frequently, reducing costs per hour of flight,

Using one type of aircraft means lower costs for maintenance and personnel training, higher crew efficiency,

Lack of additional services - for low-cost airlines, food on board is a source of income, not expense,

Fewer staff - the simpler the business, the fewer people are required to run it,

Selling via the Internet - there are no costs for maintaining city ticket offices, printing and processing paper forms.

Discount airlines in Russia

Today, discount airlines are becoming popular in Russia. At first, German and Germania Express (today -) connected Moscow with German cities. Then low-cost airlines opened from Moscow and St. Petersburg to Austria, Spain, Italy, and Norway. In January 2007, the first Russian low-cost airline began flying, after which discounters made attempts to organize low-cost flights in Russia