Categories of difficulty in mountaineering and mountain tourism. Reference. Below is a list of mountain passes in the Western Caucasus. In parentheses are the category of the pass and the height of the pass Pass 1a of the category of difficulty
It is not enough to know the categories of passes, they must be felt. On a non-categorical one, you calmly walk along the path uphill, then down the mountain, a kind of walking tour. 1A is the simplest of the categorical ones - self-insurance is enough. This is when you insure yourself - with an alpenstock or, because with a backpack our jumping ability and mobility suffer greatly. Well, constant attention - every step with your foot needs to be thought out, taking into account the slippery surface, and "live" stones and moving loose rocks. On more difficult passes, so carefully trained in knots, strapping and railings are already needed.
Emotions are also important in the mountains. With heavy loads, people are not so kind, someone holds back anger, someone tears. And then you watch the video of another group - the girl climbs the rope and smiles. - Why is she without a backpack? - She couldn’t, the boys raised her for her. And he smiles, and when you couldn’t drag your backpack, you didn’t want to smile at all.
The knees are a weak point, but not for everyone. The load on them is large, especially on the descent, and some wrap their knees with elastic bandages for prevention. Others suffer from hip joints and this is worse - you can’t wrap them up anymore.
There is another nuisance that can be encountered - a sprain in the foot. Neither saving nor caution helps - when you, along with a 16-kilogram, are literally blown away by the wind when moving along the slippery valleys of overflowing streams, you can get such a nuisance that you will feel six months after the trip.
Star means a possible increase in the categorization of the pass, depending on the conditions of passage.
exclamation mark means increased avalanche risk.
"Khibiny autumn"- November," Khibiny winter spring- December-April.
The classifier was created by Konstantin Beketov.
| Name | height | summer | autumn | winter spring | The pass connects... |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academic | 1075 | 1A | 1B | 1B | the first right tributary of the Kuniyok river - the Tulyok river |
| Aku-Aku | 440 | n/a | 1A | n/a | creek Yumyekorruai - left tributary of the Goltsovka river |
| Arsenieva East | 1030 | n/a | 1A! | 1A! | brook Fersman - east source of brook Meridional |
| Arsenieva West | 1000 | 1A | 1B! | 1B! | Chilman stream - center. source of the stream Meridional |
| Nameless | 925 | 1B | 1B! | 1B! | r.Tul'yok - r.Kukisyok |
| Petrel | 1080 | 2A | 2A*! | 2A*! | the source of the river Mal. Belaya - the river Kuniyok |
| Question | 940 | n/a | 1A | 1A* | a stream flowing from the Geographers lane to the south-west is an unnamed lake in the south-west circus of the Takhtarvumchorr ridge |
| Wortkewive | 750 | n/a | 1A! | 1A! | r.Tul'yok - mine named after Kirov |
| High | 1125 | 1A | 1B! | 1B! | the source of the Kaljok river is the southern circus of the city of Central Lyavochorr |
| geographers | 880 | 1A | 1A | 1A | Apatity industrial zone - lake Mal. Vudyavr |
| Gorely (Valley of Waterfalls) | 400 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Takhtaryok river - trace. to the south a stream; on the edge of the forest |
| Gury East (Nyorkpakhk East) | 680 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |
| Gury West (Nyorkpakhk West) | 650 | n/a | 1A | 1A | quarry Koashva - stream Tymshasuaiv |
| Deniskina Joy | 680 | 1A | 1A | 1A | nepheline brook - asterisk brook |
| Star | 300 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Asterisk brook - Yumyekorruai brook |
| Impulse (Southern Yumecorr) | 840 | 1A | 1A | 1A | brook Nepheline - left tributary brook Meridional |
| Canyon | 680 | 1A | 1B | 1A | brook Bear Log - following the brook to the south; in the back of V. Chilman |
| Cornice 1 to 4 | 1020 | 1B* | 2A | 2A! | circus per. Schel - br. Gakmana |
| Cornice 5 | 1010 | 1B | 2A | 2A! | circus per. Schel - the source of the river Vuonemyok |
| Catastrophe East (Takhtarvum) | 920 | 1B | 2A! | 2A! | left tributary of the river Mal. |
| Catastrophe Western | 900 | 1B | 2A! | 2A! | left tributary of the Mal. Belaya river - Takhtaryok stream |
| Cross (Rocky) | 1005 | 1B* | 2A! | 2A! | circus of the Fersman lane - circus of the origins of the Petrelius brook |
| Cookieswum | 480 | n/a | n/a! | n/a! | r.Kuniyok - r.Kukisyok |
| Kuropachy | 430 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Tulyok river - Kaskasnyunyok river, west of Rypnetsk |
| Loparsky | 644 | n/a | 1A | 1A | Kirov mine (Loparskaya river) - Tulyok river |
| Lavochorr Northern | 700 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Sev.Lyavoyok - r.Perevalnaya |
| Lavochorr Central | 925 | 1B | 1B!* | 1B!* | r.Sev.Lyavoyok - r.Kaljok |
| Lavochorr South | 1090 | 1A | 1B | 1B | Kaljok river - Lyavoyok river |
| Mannepachk | 790 | n/a | 1A | 1A | Ave. tributary of the river Mannepahk (Indivichvumyok) - river Mannepahkuai |
| Marchenko (Kuelporr) | 670 | n/a | 1A | 1A! (cornice!) | 3rd right tributary of the Kuniyok river - Risjok river |
| Namuive | 520 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Kal'yok - r.Maivaltayok |
| Ridiculous | 760 | n/a | 1A | 1A! | r.Mal.Belaya - brook, trace to the north of the r.Takhtaryok; east of Khibiny |
| November | 790 | 1A | 1A* | 1A* | right tributary of the river Mal. |
| deceitful | 563 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Kal'yok - r.Obmannaya |
| Deer (Random) | 730 | 1A | 1B* | 1B | middle course of Kaljoka - middle course of Maivaltajok |
| eagle | 1100 | 2A | 2A*! | 2A! | Petrelius brook - Fersman brook |
| Partomporr | 533 | n/a | n/a | n/a | middle course of Kaskasnyunjok - river Mayvaltayok |
| Partomchorr Northern | 840 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Lyavoyok - r.Maivaltayok |
| Partomchorr South | 770 | n/a | 1A | 1A | river Lyavoyok - river Sev.Kaskasnyunyok |
| Petrelius East | 883 | 1A | 1B | 1B | |
| Petrelius West | 840 | n/a | 1B | 1A | r.Mal.Belaya - brook Petreliusa |
| midnight | 1100 | 2A-2B | 2B! | 2B! | "Fersman's circus" - northern circus in Chasnachorr; along the couloir to the glacier №2 |
| Postman | 600 | n/a | 1A | 1A | brook Bear Log - brook Nepheline |
| Putellichorr | 780 | 1A | 1B | 1B | Kuniyok river - left tributary of Basseynaya Kuna river |
| Rainbow | 600 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Lake Komarinoe - Gulyilukht Bay; east of Njorkpahk |
| Ramsay | 800 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Mal.Belaya - br.Poachyok |
| Rischorr North | 900 | n/c-1A | 1A | 1A | r. Kaskasnyunyok (gorge Marakotova Abyss) - sowing. the source of the river Risjok |
| Rischorr South | 890 | n/a | 1A | 1A | r. Kaskasnyunyok (gorge. Witches Gorge) - south. the source of the river Risjok |
| Wallepahka saddle | 600 | n/a | 1A | 1A | pr. tributary of the river Deception - river Kaljok |
| Seven Samurai | 1050 | 1B | 2A! | 2A! | brook Meridional - northern circus v. Chasnachorr; through the spur |
| Swaluive East | 560 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Kal'yok - r.Maivaltayok |
| Swaluive Western | 640 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Kal'yok - r.Maivaltayok |
| Takhtar | 1120 | 1B* | 2A*! | 2A*! | circus of the left side of the valley of the river Mal. Belaya - stream Zap. Poachyok |
| Takhtarvum (Takhtarvumchorra ravine) | 955 | 1B | 2A | 2A! | left tributary of the Malaya Belaya River - the first stream south of the Takhtaryok stream |
| Crack | 960 | 2A | 2A* | 2A* | variant of the Karniz pass, actually through the Bastion |
| Umbozersky | 527 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Partomyok - r.Sev.Kaskasnyunyok |
| Gorge Rocky | 600 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Kirovsk city (Bol. Belaya river) - creek. from the lane of Geographers |
| Fersman | 980 | 1B | 2A* | 2A | manual Meridional - ruch. Fersman |
| Chasnachorr | 1130 | 1B | 1B*! | 2A! | circus per. Fersman - the first left tributary of the stream Petreliusa |
| Chilman | 790 | n/a | 1A | 1A | manual Chilmana - left source of the Medvezhiy Log stream |
| Chorgorr North | 1020 | 1A | 1B! | 1B! | r.Kuniyok - r.Indivichvumyok (Mannepahk) |
| Chorgorr South | 850 | n/a | 1B | 1A | Kuniyok river - Chasnayok stream |
| Hibinpakhkchorra gap (North-South) | 780 | 1A | 1B | 1B | left tributary of the Goltsovka river - Yumyekorruai stream |
| Eveslogchorra gap | 820 | 1B | 1B*! | 1B*! | Ave. tributary of the river Tulyok - river Vuonemyok |
| Eveslogchorr East | 810 | n/a | n/a | n/a | river Vuonnemyok - stream Tymshasuaiv |
| Eveslogchorr Western | 900 | n/a | 1A | 1A | Ave. tributary of the river Tulyok - river Vuonnemyok |
| Eveslogchorr Central | 900 | 1B | 1B*! | 1B*! | Ave. tributary Ave. tributary of the Tulyok river - Vuonnemyok river |
| Yuksporlak | 674 | n/a | n/a | n/a | r.Vuonnemyok - r.Yuksporryok |
| Yumecorr | 700 | n/a | n/a | n/a | brook Yumyekorruay - left tributary of the brook Meridional |
|
Most difficult area |
Number of insurance points |
Transition time |
|
| n/a | |||
|
Scree and rocky slopes up to 30 g glaciers up to 15 g |
Few hours |
||
|
Snow and scree clones up to 45 gr, light rocks |
No more than 1 day |
||
|
Snow, ice, rocky slopes up to 45gr, icefalls |
Not more than a day |
||
|
Snow, ice, rocky slopes over 45gr, icefalls, wall sections up to 15 meters |
At least a day |
||
|
Snow, ice, rock slopes up to 65gr, icefalls, wall sections up to 2 pitches |
|||
|
Snow, ice, rocky slopes over 60gr, icefalls, wall sections over 2 pitches |
At least two days |
By numbering, you can find the pass on the map of the Western Caucasus, which is presented in the Maps section, or vice versa when planning a trip on the map, see which passes are where.
1. Dolomites South (1A, 3397)
1a. Deer track (1A, 3306)
2. 40th anniversary of the TASSR (1B *, 3328)
2a. Tatar Northern (1B, 3424)
3. Northern Dolomites (1B, 3444)
4. Hunter (Dolomites) (1A, 3200)
5. Kichkinekol Small (1A, 3204)
6. Chat Uzunkol (1A, 3311)
7. Talychat (Tallychat) (2A*, 3326)
7a. Talychat Northern (Roshen) (2A*, 3400) http://www.tourclub.kiev.ua/content/view/122/9/
7b. Deceitful (Talychat West by V. Lyapin) (1B, 3294)
8. Kichkinekol Medium (1B*, 3264)
9. Chungurjar (1B, 3350)
10. Science (2A, 3450)
11. Safety Techniques (TB) (1B, 3352)
12. Gift (2A *, 3519) (according to Lyapin - South Gift)
13. Peremёtny (1A, 3242)
14. Instructor (1B, 3362)
15. Chungur East (2A, 3389)
16. Talychkhan West (1B*, 3345)
17. Talychkhan Middle (2A-2B, ca. 3450)
18. Talychkhan Central (2A, 3415)
19. Talychkhan East (2A, 3346)
20. Talychkhansky horn (2А*, 3423)
21. Manchhap West (2A, 3278)
22. Manchhap Eastern (1B, 3315)
23. Chope Upper (1A*, 2919)
24. Chope (1A, 2597)
25. ACT (Achauchat, Azov CT) (2A, 3441)
25a. ACT (Achauchat, Azov CT) Rocky (2A, 3500?)
26. Southern petrel (1B, ca. 3420)
27. Petrel Northern (1B, ca. 3430)
28. Electrician South (1B, 3263)
29. Electrician (1A, 3177)
30. Oilman (1A, 3193)
31. Panoramic South (1A, 3268)
32. Panoramic North (1A, 3179)
33. Chiper Ice East (2B, 3346)
34. Chiper Ice (1B, 3218)
35. Chiper False (1B, 3267)
36. Chiper-Karachay (1A, 3285)
37. FAFT (1B*, 3387)
38. East Kichkinekol (1A*, 3367) / Light (1B*, ~3400) (I.Grekov, tourist club KPI Globus http://www.tkg.org.ua/node/18995) / Welders (1A, 3380) (T. Zaritskaya, 2009)
39. Kichkinekol saddle (1B, 3546)
40. Ullukam South (1A, 3429)
40a. Ulukam North (1A, 3314)
41. Nenskra West (1B, 3272)
42. Kherson division (1B, 3303)
43. Nenskra Central (1B, 3328)
44. Baby (1B, 3336)
45. Nenskra East (Triple) (1B, 3301)
46. Four fools (1B, 3448)
47. Azau (1A, 3428)
48. 40th anniversary of the Komsomol (2A, 3489)
49. Khasankhoysurulgen South (1B, 3493)
50. Khasankhoysurulgen North (1B, 3471)
51. Hotyutau (1A-1B, 3546)
52. Filter (Petrel) (3A, 3500)
53. Twins (Communist) (3A*, 3500)
54. Chocolate (2B*, 3400)
55. Irchat (2A, 3311)
56. Dalar (1B*, 3291)
57. Myrdy (1B, 3250)
58. Saken-Dalar (1B, 3103)
59. Dalar South (1B*, 3381)
60. Saken (1B*, 3200)
61. Marchichi (Margichi) (1B?, 3200?)
61a. Memul (1A, 3023)
61b. Sharay (1B*, 3150)
61c. Okryla (1B, 3100)
62. "South Saken" (1B*, 3297)
63. Belova (Tskhvandyr) (2A, 3199)
64. Myrdy-Saken (2B, 3248)
65. Voronezh (3A*, 3756)
66. Aktobe (1B, 3250)
67. Gvandra Malaya (1B, 3270)
68. Karabashi (2A, 3400)
69. Pyramid (2A, 3400)
70. Ak South (1B, 3400)
71. Ak Severny (1А*, 3454)
72. Aktur East (1B, 3483)
73. Aktur Western (1B, 3400)
74. Aktur (1A, 3300)
75. "Akkyshtyk" (2A?, 3400?)
75a. 300th Anniversary of the Russian Fleet (2B*, 3538)
76. Jalpakkol South (1A, 3358)
77. Jalpakkol North (1A, 3400)
78. Jalpakkol Central (1B, 3493)
79. n/a
80. Belyaeva (1B, 3471)
81. Cherenkol (1A*, 3300)
82. Myrda's outlook (1A, 2900)
83. Trident (1A, 3300)
84. Mao (May) (1A, 3551)
85. Dream (1B?, 3550?)
86. Plevako (1B, 3500)
87. Plevako North (2A, 3500)
88. Plevako East (1A, 3400)
89. "Mursaly-Cherenkol" (1А?, 3252)
90. Sports club MEPhI (2A, 3550)
91. Nevsky (2A, 3500)
92. Mursaly (1B*, 3525)
93. Traverse (1A, 3400)
94. Coursho (1B*, 3381)
95. Knife (1A, 3268)
96. Crocus (2A*, 3410)
97. Leningradets (1B, 3446)
98. Peacock (1B, 3350)
99. "Northern Peacock" (1А?, 3160)
100. Sunny (1B, 3322)
101. "Knife North" (1A, 3300)
102. Kertmeli-Uchkulanichi (1А*, 3300)
103. Kertmeli-Uchkulanichi North (1A, 3300)
104. Red scree (1A, 3300)
105. Rusty (1A, 3400)
106. Kyzylkol-Kertmeli (1B, 3350)
107. Kyzylkol-Kertmeli False (1B*, p.o., 3300)
108. Suicidal (1B*, p.o., 3350)
109. Lake (1A, 3200)
110. Bezdelny (1A, 3180)
111. "Mursaly-Uchkulanichi" (1B, 3190)
112. Tyrmen (1A, 3350)
113. "Tyrmen Upper" (1B?, 3400?)
114. "Tyrmen-Chkhurbashi" (n / a, 3200)
115. "Chkhurbashi-Ekibekaras" (1A, 3300)
116. "Ekuch" (Ekibekaras-Uchkulanichi) (1B?, 3400?)
117. "Mursaly-Uchkulanichi Northern" (1B?, 3300?)
118. Tikaush (2B, 3426)
119. Murzuk (2A, 3208)
120. Gvandra-Saken (1B, 3417)
120a. Andarhua (1B, 3076)
121. Irene (I. Stepanova) (2B *, 3523)
122. Bondarenko (Globe) (2A, 3467)
123. Kichkinekol West (2A, 3400)
123a. Viktor Tsoi (3А*, 3278)
124. Gondaray (1A*, 2938)
125. Spartak (2A, 2987)
126. Klych-Gvandra Western (1B, 3069)
127. Klych-Gvandra East (1B, 3050)
128. Gondarai-Klych (1B, 3220)
129. Gondarai-Nahar (1B, 3196)
129a. ~2A
130. Turov (1B, 3237)
131. "Zakillachat" (2A??, 3300?)
132. Jubilee Naharsky (1B, p.o., 3350)
133. Kyiv?? (1B, p.o., 3400)
133b. Kyiv?? ~2B-3A
133c. "Nakhar Gap" (3B, ~3600)
134. Needle (3A, 3450)
134a. "Rocky Naharsky" (~3A, ~3450)
135. Mirror (2B*, 3500) (p/p M. Golubev, 2011)
136. Female (Assumption) (1B, 2984) // from the east an impassable beam, possibly on 2B
137. Domashniy (Chegetchat) (1A, 2963) // impassable beam from the east, possibly at 2A
138. Nahar (n/c, 2885)
139. Nahar Western (1A, 3069)
140. Chauluchat South (2A, 3189)
140a. Bulgar (3A, 3230)
141. Kluhor East (2A, 3292)
142. Kluhor (n/a, 2782)
143. Chauluchat (2A, 3163)
144. Kichi-Muruju South (1A, 3144)
145. Kichi-Muruju (1A, 3136)
146.
147. Saddle 3509 (3A-3B, passed radially from the west by A.I. Safonov in 2010, 3509 m)
147a. about 2B
148. Kichi-Muruju Northern False (2B, 3550)
149. Kichi-Muruju North (2B, 3502)
150. Saddle (1B, 3402)
151. Mironova (2A, 3586)
152. Daut West (2A, 3475)
153. "Saddle North" (1B, 3386)
154. Kasaeva Osman (2B, 3497)
155. Daut (2A*, 3400)
156. Dautskaya Slit (2A*, 3350)
157. Nodal (1B, 3294)
158. Salamander (1B*, 3350)
158a. Angel (1B, 3220)
159. Oilman (1B, 3303)
160. Spark (1B*, 3387)
160a. Three-zero Nizhny (1B, 3200)
160b. Three-grain Upper (1B, 3300)
161. Iskrovtsev (1B, 3356)
162. Leaky (1B, 3300)
163. Ullukel Western (1B*, 3107)
164. Ullukel East (1A, 2986)
165. Long Scree (1A*, s.z.n., 3000)
166. Lower Ullukel (n/a, 2933)
167. Nadozerny (2A, 3453)
168. Panoramic 1st (1A, 2836)
169. Panoramic 2nd (1A, 2950)
170. Lokomotivtsev (1B, 3200)
171. "Rynji-Age" (1B *, 3200)
172. Intermediate (1B, 3100)
173. Uchkulan South (1A, 3250)
174. Uchkulan (1B, 3200)
175. Northern Uchkulan (1B???, 3200)
176. Karasu (n/c???, 2964)
177. Ybchik (n / a, 2542)
178. MEPhI Vostochny (2A, 3329)
179. MEPhI Western (2A, 3300)
180.? (1A, ?)
181. Ullu-Muruju (1B*, 3341)
182. Muruju (1B*, 3263)
183. Panorama (1A, 3150)
184. Red Saddle (1B, 2984)
185. Inter-pimple (1A, 3000)
186. Interlake (1A, 3000)
187. Panorama Western (1B, 3088)
188. Gedeij (1A, 3052)
189. MTILP (1B*, 3300)
190. Rynji-Muruju (1B*, 3400)
191. Locomotive (2A, 3356)
192. Peacock eye (2A, 3400)
193. Nazly-Rynji (1B, 3389)
194. Nazalykol (1A, 3302)
195. Nazalykol False (1B*, 3400)
196. Nazly-Rynji Northern (1B, 3400)
197. Jolsuzchat (Jolsu-Chat) (1B*, 3400)
198. Garalykol (2A, 3450)
199. Granilshchikova (2B, 3500)
200. Nazaly-Garaly (1B, 3400)
201. Shumka (1A, 3200)
202. Talabashi (n/a, 2489)
203. Nazalybek (1A, 3300)
203a. Nazalybek Nizhny (1A, 3030)
203b. Pleasure (2A-2B, p.o., 3500)
204. Garalykol Severny (2B, 3410) n / p Karminsky Alexander Valerievich, 2010, Rostov-on-Don, description on mountain.ru in July 2011
204a. Kurumny (1B*, 3472)
204b. Ryndzhi-Dzholsuzchat (1A, 3200? m) p/p Karminsky
205. "Garaly-Daut" (~ 2A, 3250)
206. Dzhalkaush South (1B, 3150)
207. Dzhalkaush (1A, 3141)
208. Dzhalkaush Northern (1B, 3300?)
209. Kyshkhadzher (1A, 3226)
210. Epchik (n/a, 3017)
211. "Epchik Upper" (1А?, 3200)
212. "Epchik-Kyshkhadzher" (1А?, 3200)
213. "Kuldun Western" (1A?, 3300)
214. "Kuldun Central" (1A?, 3300)
215. "Kuldun East" (1A?, 3300)
216. Kluhorkaya (2A, 2975)
217. Hackel (2B, 3362)
218. Hakel-Achapara (2A, 3240)
219. Hakel-Chotcha (2B, 3238)
220. Chotcha East (2B, 3125)
221. Chotcha (2B, 3161)
222. Achapara (3A, 3241)
223. Dynkina (2A*, 3250)
224. Anukva (2A, 3143)
225. Hetzkvara (3A, 3244)
226. Khetskvara Western (2B, 3193)
227. Buulgen-Chotcha (3A, 3479)
228. Festival (3A*, 3650)
229. Survey (1A, 3022)
230. Buulgen (2B, 3450)
231. Buulgen-Ptysh (2A, 3331)
232. School (2B, 3183)
233. Dombai saddle (Fisher, Freshfield saddle) (2B*, 3633)
234. Chuchkhur (n/a, 2712)
235. White Saddle (1A*, 3118)
236. Musa-Achitara Outlook (1A, 3012)
237. Dombai (2A, 3215)
238. Alluring (2A, 3261)
239. Southern Dombai passage Lower (1А, 2779)
240. Upper South Dombai pass (1B, 2852)
241. Dombai South (2A, 3300)
242. Military (2B, 3245)
243. Ptysh (1B, 2995)
244. Atsgara Ptyshsky (2A, 3394)
245. Akbek East (2B*, 3330)
246. Akbek Western (2B*, 3495)
247. Ine (2A*, 3395)
248. Dzhuguturlyuchat (3A, 3614)
249. Truths (3A, 3395)
250. Popova Jumper (3A*, 3448)
251. Amanauz South (2A, 3510)
252. Amanauz (3A, 3455)
253. Sofruju South (2B*, 3283)
254. Sofruju (2A, 3494)
255. Belalakaya (2A, 3435)
256. Jessar (2B, 3642)
257. Chkhaltadzih (2A, 3236)
258. 40 years of Victory (3A*, 3400)
259. Saamova Igor (3B, 3400)
260. Erzog (3A, 3487)
261. Erzog of the South (2B, 3550)
262. Erzog the Lower (2A, 3210)
263. Zhukov Marshal South (3A, 3650)
264. Zhukov Marshal Northern (2B, 3650)
265. Jalauchat (1B, 3046)
266. Square (1B, 3068)
267. Through (Window) (1B, 3076)
268. Sulakhat South (1B, 3215)
269. Nogi Sulakhat (2A*, 3350)
270. Sulakhat (1A*, 3143)
271. Alibek (1A, 3168)
272. Kichi-Teberda Western (1А*, 3150)
273. Kichi-Teberda Central (1A, 3095)
274. Kichi-Teberda East (74th) (1B, 3150)
275. 73rd (1A*, 3148)
276. Crystal (1A, 3058)
277. Huty (1A, 3178)
278. Khuty Upper (Five fingers) (2A, 3250)
279. Little Red Riding Hood (1B, 3300)
280. Ullu-Marka (2A, 3519)
281. Upper Mark (1A, 3300)
282. Spur (1B, 3297)
283. Baduk-Khuty (1A, 3131)
284. Baduk Traverse (1B, 3150)
285. Baduk (n/c, 3004)
286. Baduk-Khuty False (1B*, 3150)
287. Mark-Bashi East (2A, 3350)
288. Mark-Bashi West (2A, 3350)
289. Aryuchat (1A, 2994)
290. Beginners (1B*, 3100)
291. "Baduk-Khadzhibey" (c. 2B, c. 3200) (not passed)
292. Khadzhibey-Marka South (2A, 3338)
293. Khadzhibey-Marka Central (2A, 3356)
294. Khadzhibey-Marka Northern (1B*, 3314)
295. Azgek Upper (1B, 3446)
296. Azgek (1A, 3168)
297. Gurpun (n/a, 2493)
298. Gurpun Upper (1A?, 2780) (failed)
299. Educational (Dzhugturlyuchat Azgeksky) (2A, 3440)
300. Kichi-Mark (2A, 3320)
301. Toguzkol (1A, 3230)
302. "Kichi-Marka Western" (1A*?, 3400?) (failed)
303. "Kichi-Marka Lower" (1А?, 3354) (failed)
304. Pine (1A, 3280) (failed)
305. Muhu (n/a, 2764)
306. Kichi-Aush (n/a, 2732)
307. "Loop" (n / a, 3000)
308. Hatipara (1A, 2823)
309. "Bulls" (1A, 3000) (passage not known)
310. Kyngyrchat (Kynyrchad, Kyngyr-Chad) (1А?, 3350) (http://forum.gknpi.ru/viewtopic.php?t=14)
311. Two-color (1А?, 3220) (http://forum.gknpi.ru/viewtopic.php?t=14)
312. "Kelchat" (Kelchad) (1A, 3170) (passage not known)
313. Western Kolchat (1A, 3070) (passed by Boris Plotnikov in 1996)
314. "Bald" (n / a, 2610)
315. "Achhishtara" (n/a, 2800)
316. Orta-Guidam (1A, 3200)
317. "Kishkit Lower" (1A, 3030)
318. "Kishkit Upper" (1A, 3050) (Kelchad according to the classifier)
319. Bicolor Oriental (1A?, 3180)
320. Guides (n / a, 2980)
321. Kysy-Pasout (n/a, 2770)
322. Foggy (2B, 3530)
323. Khamurza (2A, 3199)
324. Aksaut Small (2A, 3331)
325. Savitskaya Svetlana (2B*, 3200)
326. Aksaut North (2B, 3231)
327. Aksaut Lower (1A, 2867)
328. Aksaut Western (2A, 3263)
328a. Aksaut (Young?) (2A, 3211)
329. Aksaut South (Aksaut?) (1B, 3050)
330. Fraternal (1B, 3290)
331. Chkhalta-Karach (1B, 3155)
332. Marukhkaya (3A, 3512)
333. South Karakay (2B, 3286)
334. West Karakay (2B, 3000)
335. Marukh (Marukh) (1A, 2748)
336. 810 rifle regiment (1B, 2961)
337. North Karakai (1B, 3095)
338. Halega (n/a, 3027)
339. Chegetchat (1A, 3191)
340. "Desyatozerny" (n / c, 2993)
341. Khodyuk (n / a, 2981)
342. Kyzylaush (n/a, 2871)
342a. Chegetchat2 (n/c-1A, 2900)
343. Bugoychat False (1A, 3046)
344. Bugoychat (n / a, 2873)
345. "Bugoychat Northern" (1A, 2850)
346. Chigordali South (n / a, 2831)
347. Chigordali (n/a, 2752)
348. Chigordali North (n / a, 2500)
349. Arkhyz Saddle (n/a, 2200)
350. Ozerny Arkhyzsky (n / a, 2620)
351. Chabakly (n/a, 2730)
352. Karabek (n/a, 2330)
353. Kizgych-Marukh (1B??, 3000?)
354. Curella (2A, 2837)
355. Chvakhra (1B, 2954)
356. "Chvakhra South" (1A?, 2733)
357. Salynggan (1B, 3023)
358. Adange (n/c, 2299)
359. Adange Central (n/a, 2421)
359a. Adange South (n/a, 2379)
360. Kongur (1B, 2903)
361. 3027 (1A, 3027)
362. Satkharo (1B, 2950)
363. Sunny Arkhyzsky (1B?, 3100)
364. Asyrkha (1B, 3050)
365. Kizgych (1B, 2997)
365a. 3100 (1B, 3100)
366. Kizgych-Chamagvara (2A, 3200)
367. Kizgych False (1B, 2988)
368. Zhdanovsky (Zhdanovtsev) (2A, 3100)
369. Chuchkhurskaya Slit (1B*, 3154)
370. Traverse Arkhyzsky (1B*, 3150)
371. Chuchkhur of Arkhyz (1B, 3063) / dangerous sheep foreheads!
372. Bunny ears (1A, 3192)
373. Bypass Arkhyz (1A*, 2600)
374. New (1B**, 3000)
375. Kholodovsky (1A*, 3175)
376. Ak-Airy (Slavutich???) (1B, 3150)
376a. Akman (2A, 3250)
377. Ak-Airy East (1B, 3100)
378. Kozhukhova (Topal-Aush) (2A, 3400)
378a. ~2B-3A, approx. 3500
378b. Sofia window (1B, ca. 3100)
379. Sofia saddle (n/a, 2571)
380. Hope (1B, 3120)
381. Bashjol (Capital) (1A, 3048)
382. Kolyaush (Cool) (1A, 2866)
383. Irkiz (Irkis) (1A, 2871)
384. Karadzhash (1A, 3022)
384a. East Karadzhash (1A, 2450) http://arhiz.yanval.ru/orel_dale#1
384b. 1B (http://arhiz.yanval.ru/orel_dale#gn)
384c. Gammesh Chat (1B, 3035)
385. Eaglet (1B, 3024)
385a. Eaglet Extra (1A, 2400)
385b. 2A-2B
386. Tokmak (2A, 3076)
387. Chamagwara (2A, 3098)
388. Psysh (2B*, 3350)
389. Crab (Dog ears) (1B*, 3125)
390. Skew (1B, 2762)
391. Lower Skew (n/a, 2546)
392. Naur (1A, 2839)
393. Magana (1A, 2948)
394. Pshish (Pshish-Uzlovy, Hillary) (2B**, 3350)
395. Magana False (2A, 3140)
396. Bear Arkhyzsky (1B, 2811)
397. Psyrs (1B, 3228)
398. Amanauz small (Tornau) (2A, 3326)
399. Minsky (2B*, 3196)
400. Amanauz Arkhyzsky (2A, 3156)
401. Amanauz North (1B, 3195)
402. Azimba (1B, 3190)
403. Vorontsova-Velyaminova (1B, 3130)
404. Poachers (1A, 2831)
405. Duritsky (1A*, 3030)
406. Dorbun (1A, 2882)
407. Olezhek (Tolyatti) (1A, 2903) http://veter.turizm.ru/36/a_nazva.shtml
408. Dukkabashi (1A, 2985) // was: Deer (1A, 2998)
408a. Separate (1A, 2820) // was: Klyukovsky (1A)
409. Deer (1A, 2922) // was: Ayulu Upper (1A, 2917)
410. Ayulu (1A, 2874)
411. Temir-Kulak (Temirkulak) (1A, 3025)
412. Dukka (n/a, 2637)
412a. 2600 (1B, 2600) (Bondarev, p. 114)
412b. Lateral Dukkinsky (1B) (R.Sh.Islamov, 2nd Candidate C. on foot, 2003, MGTSTK, This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view.)
413. Phiya (n/c, 2162)
414. "Rechepsta Phia" (n/a, 2796)
415. Atsgara (Atsgora) (n/a, 2715)
416. Chilik (1A, 2890)
417. "Atsgora Upper" (1A, 2726)
418. Azhoga (Urup-Azhoga) (n/a, 2648)
418a. Nadezhda Atsgarsky (1B, 2500)
419. Urup Phiya (1A, 2646)
420. Zagedan lakes (1B, 2732)
420a. Schhuanta (1A, 2700)
420b. ~2A, but looks more logical from the east than the Seventeen Pass
421. Zagedansky (Zagedan) (1B, 2783)
422. Gray-haired (Kyrthua) (1B, 2846)
422a. Pine Urupsky (n / a, 2800)
422b. Urup-Atsgara (1A, 2850)
422c. The gold mine (1А?, 2850?) // http://www.skitalets.ru/mountain/2006/arhiz_deshere/
422 Sarastra (Saratov-Astrakhan) (1B, 2700) // http://www.skitalets.ru/mountain/2006/arhiz_deshere/
422d. Urup-Zagedanka (n/a, 2800)
423. Bogatyrsky (1B*, 3130)
424. Psykela (Penkela) (1A, 3040)
425. Waterfall Arkhyzsky (1B, 2910)
426. Moody (1A*, 3026)
427. Zaozerny (Simple) (1A, 2700)
428. Rechepsta (1A*, 2892)
428a. "Rechepsta East" (1A-1B, ca. 2850)
429. Kynhara (Adygea) (1A(?!), 2853)
430. High (1B, 3109)
431. "2986" (n/c, 2986)
432. Kyzylchuk (1B, 3046)
433. Seventeen (1B, 2956)
433a. Kyafar-Rechepsta (1B*, 2950) from Bondarev's book
433b. ? (1B-2A, ca. 3000)
433c. Seventeen North (1B*, ca. 2900)
434. May Day (1B*, 2960)
435. Mylgval (Agur Big) (1A, 2848)
436. Kafar Upper (1A, 2853)
437. Kyafar (Kumbyzh) (n/a, 2798)
438. Placer Hillock (n/a, 2200)
438a. Ilyasov (n/a, 2200)
439. Agur (Southern) (1A, 2968)
439a. Agur Northern (1A, 2970)
440. Fedoseeva (1A, 2987)
441. Double Arkhyz Southern (Turii) (Agur tooth) (1B*, 2971)
442. Double Arkhyz Northern (Agur) (1B*, 2940)
443. Agur plateau (1B, 2986)
444. Thunderstorm (1B, 2843)
444a. Church (Yu.Agursky) (about 1B*, 2900)
444b. Moscow (1A, 2865)
445. Barite (1A, 2809)
445a. Pioneer Arkhyzsky (1A, 2900)
445b. Arkhyz (1A, 2970)
446. Kyafarskiy Small (n/a, 2730)
447. Beryuauush (Wolf) (n/a, 2600)
448. Stony (n/a, 2500)
449. Zborowski (n/a, 2300)
449a. Generovskaya Balka (n / a, 1600)
450. Survey Arkhyzsky (n/K, 2250)
451. Kasaevsky (n/a, 2450)
452. Fina (n/a, 2650)
453. Laba (Labinsky, Wet) (n/a, 2614)
454. Laba West (Labinsky West) (n / a, 2575)
455. Tsegerkulir (Tsargekhulir) (n/a, 2539)
456. Gwashthwa Upper (n/a, c.2200)
457. Gwashthwa (n/a, 2042)
458. Zegerker (not Magana!) (n/a, 2265)
459. Devil's Gate (2A, 2900)
459a. Devil's Gate (according to other sources) (2A, 2900)
460. Gribza (2A, 2850)
461. Commander's (2A?, 2900?)
462. Secret (1A, 2800)
463. Abgetski (Abgytskha, Abzgezgi) (1B, 2830)
464. Cold (1A, 2600)
465. Secretive (n/a, 2846)
466. 46 armies (1A, 2755)
467. 25th border regiment (n/a, 2709)
468. Vasilyeva (1B, 2850)
469. Alashtrahu (Allashtrahu) (n/a, 2723)
470. Chamashkha (n/c, 2052)
471. Sancharsky (Sancharo) (n/a, 2589)
472. Tsybishkha (Chibiskha) (n/c, 2084)
473. Sancharsky Upper (1A, 2750)
474. Adzapsh (Sour) (n / a, 2497)
475. Adzapsh Lower (n/a, 2295)
476. White (Laryu) (n/a, 2486)
477. Gentle (n/c, 2405)
478. Student Azapsh (1A, 2490)
479. Machitsko (n/a, 2500)
480. Friendship (Minvody) (Mironova) (n / a, 2463)
481. Chmahara (n/a, 2336)
482. Ahitari (n/a, 2371)
483. Makera (n/a, 2380)
484. Damkhurts (n/a, 2452)
485. Damhurts East (n/a, 2351)
485a. 1A-1B - ?
486. Upper Mamhurts (1A, 2642)
487. Mamhurts (1A, 2525)
488. Mamhurts-Makera (1A, 2403)
489. Seven lakes (1A, 2550)
490. Quiet (1A, 3012)
491. Additional Damkhurts (n/a, 2934)
492. Imeretinsky (at least 1B *, 2950)
492a. Maryinsky (Maryansky) (1B, 3100)
492b. Chocolate Imeretinsky (1B, 3020)
493. Difficult (about 1B, 3000)
494. Quata (n/a, 2350)
494a. Quata False (1B, 2500)
495. Lugansk (n/a, 2428)
496. Umpyrsky (n/a, 2528)
497. Magisho (n/c, 2880)
498. Adjara (Adjarian) (1A?, 2700)
499. Avadhara (Audahara) (1B, 28A Person00)
500. Tsakhvoa (1B, 2995) http://www.westra.ru/passes/Passes/3340 , http://www.progressor.ru/outdoor/titancat/pass/
500a. Thirteen (1B, 2800)
501. Kardyvach (1A, 2823)
502. Tsyndyshkho (1A, 2750)
503. Black Sea (Chernorechensky) (1B, 2290)
504. Smidovich (1A, 2749)
505. Mzymta (2A, 2850)
506. Cool (1A, 2765)
507. Pedestrian (1A, 2980)
508. ???
508a. Solid (~2A, ~3000)
509. Ahuk-Dara (n/c, 2050)
510. Kuhateku (Kuteheku)(n/a, 2400)
511. Loub (1A, 2700)
512. Five (Five Loyubsky) (1A, 2592)
512a. Tourist Loyubsky (1A, 2815)
512b. Flower bed (n/a, 2700)
513. Kuban (Labinsky) (1A, 2745)
514. Four Aishkha (1A, 2545)
515. Azetuk (n/a, 2130)
516. Krasnaya Gorka (Defensive) (1A, 3100)
517. "Saddle with an obelisk" - from Marukh to Elbrus, p.92
518. Pseashkha (n/c, 2014)
519. Timukhina (3A, 2900)
520. 75 years of KGBZ (1B, 3150)
521. Marble (1B*, 2800)
522. Builders False (1B, 2940)
523. Builders (1A*, 2800)
524. Aishha (n/a, 2401)
525. Grigora (3A, 3150)
526. Crazy (1B, 2650)
526a. Nadezhda Agepstinsky (n / a, 2453)
526b. 24th (1A, 2555)
526c. Turya gate (n/a, 2500)
527. Sinerechinsky (2A, 2750)
528. Shaposhnikova (2B, 2450)
529. Western Chugush (2B, 2700)
530. Eastern Chugush (Snow White) (1A, 2675)
531. Borchevsky (3A, 3100)
532. Vasilyeva Urushtensky (2A, 2600)
533. Camel (2B?, 2500)
534. Jitaku (1B, 2700)
535. Koshkareva False (1B, 2740)
536. Koshkareva (1B, 2700)
537. Urushten South (1A*, 2830)
538. Transcaucasus (1B, 2640)
539. Chugush Southern (1B, 2760)
540. Julia (1B*, 2500)
540a.
541. Nine (1A, 2801)
542. Chelipsi (1A, 2870)
542a. Gardener (n/a?, 2900?)
543. Alous (n/c, 1950)
544. Aishkha-2 (n/c, 1965)
545. Reinhardt (1A, 2280)
546. Lashipse (n/a, 2300)
547. Anchkha (Ancho) (n/a, 2031)
548. SAO (n/c, 2300)
549. Ark (1A, 2600)
550. Alan (2A, 2bld in autumn, 3100)
The number of categories of complexity in all types of active tourism is 6. With the increase in the category of complexity of the hike, its difficulty increases from I to VI (table 1). The difficulty category of the route is determined by the local obstacles encountered on its way. In trekking (mountain tourism) these are passes, in water tourism - rapids, in speleotourism - caves, etc. In turn, local obstacles can also be divided into several categories of difficulty. The category of difficulty is used in the context of the hike in general, and the category of difficulty is used for local obstacles on the tourist route.
Table 1 - Guidelines for hiking in active tourism
| Difficulty category | I | II | III | IV | V | VI |
| Minimum duration, in days | 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 20 |
| Type of tourism | Minimum trip length, km | |||||
| Trekking (mountain tourism) | 100 | 120 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 160 |
| Bicycle | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 |
| Water | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 190 |
| Speleo (number of caves) | 5 | 4-5 | 1-2 | 1-2 | 1-2 | 1 |
| Pedestrian | 130 | 160 | 190 | 220 | 250 | 300 |
| Ski | 130 | 150 | 170 | 210 | 240 | 300 |
In trekking, the hiking route must be linear or circular and make up at least 75% of the entire route. This is done so that in case of a lack of distance for crediting in the IWC, tourists can make radial exits. "Radial" is counted in one direction, if the return is on the same path.
The difficulty of climbing in mountaineering is determined by the complexity of a particular route to the mountain peak. There are also 6 categories of difficulty, divided into 2 semi-categories A and B (1A c.s. in mountaineering is not included in the category offset). Route complexity categories are determined by the difficulty of local sections, which are also 6 from I to VI. There is also an international methodology for assessing the difficulty of rocky areas UIAA– Union of International Mountaineering Associations. The classification is presented by 11 k.t. from I to XI. It can be viewed.
In trekking, passes are mainly local obstacles (Table 2). There are 3 main categories, divided into semi-categories as well as in mountaineering - A and B. There are passes without k.t. – uncategorized (n/c are indicated on the maps). Traverses and climbing peaks can be included in the trekking offset. Here it is necessary to correctly translate the climbing category of difficulty into trekking. Approximately it looks like this:
- the nature of the most difficult sections of the pass;
- the equipment, tactics of movement and features of overnight accommodations necessary to overcome the pass;
- quantitative characteristics (movement time, number of insurance points);
- necessary special equipment ( Popchikovsky V.Yu.).
In the offset of the route, any c.s. includes several passes (Table 2). The minimum number of passes of one or another difficulty has been established. At the same time, the maximum number of passes in one route can be increased by 2. A tourist group can include passes of any difficulty, not exceeding the complexity of the hike. It is worth noting that, starting from the hike of the III k.s., the group has the right to decide for themselves which pass is more logical to pass.
Table 2 - Standards for the category of difficulty of trekking trips
| Hiking difficulty category | ||||||
| I | II | III | IV | V | VI | |
| Minimum number of passes | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Difficulty of the passes | ||||||
| 1A | 2 | 1 | ||||
| 1B | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2A | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 2B | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 3A | 2 | 1* | ||||
| 3B | 2* | |||||
*in route VI class. possible variant. 2B - 1 pc, 3A - 3 pcs, 3B - 1 pc.
The complexity of the passes is determined as follows (Table 3).
Table 3 - Criteria for assessing the difficulty of passes
(Table from the book "Russian Tourist. Normative acts on sports and health tourism in Russia for 2001-2004")
| K.t. pass | The nature of the most difficult sections of the route | Technique and conditions of movement | Total time (t) overcoming the pass. Number of insurance points (n). Defining section length (I) | Required special equipment |
| 1A | Simple, scree, snowy and rocky slopes with a steepness of up to 30° gentle (up to 15°) glaciers without cracks steep grassy slopes, on which sections of rocks are possible, usually the presence of trails on the approaches. | The simplest individual movement technique is self-insurance with an alpenstock or an ice ax. When crossing rivers on approaches, belaying with a rope may be required. Overnight stays, as a rule, in the forest or meadow zone. | Several hours.n = 0I = 0 | Shoes with non-slip soles, alpenstocks, safety belts (chest harnesses) and carabiners for each participant. 1-2 main ropes per group. |
| 1B | Uncomplicated rocks, snowy and scree slopes of medium steepness (from 20 to 45°), and in some years also areas of ice on the slopes, usually covered with snow: closed glaciers with areas of hidden cracks. | The simplest collective technique: simultaneous movement in bundles on slopes and closed glaciers. Hanging railings on slopes and at crossings. Overnight stays on the border of the glacial zone are possible. | Not more than one day.n = up to 5I = up to 40-50 m. | Boots with grooved soles, alpenstocks or ice axes (1-2 ice axes per group are required), safety systems and carabiners for each participant. One main rope for every 3-4 people. Rock and ice hooks (3-4 per group), rock and ice hammer. |
| 2A | Rocky, snowy, ice slopes of medium steepness (from 20 to 45°), closed glaciers and simple icefalls. | More complex individual and collective technique, alternate or group (railing) belay, use of crampons or cutting steps may require hook belay. Overnight stays in the glacial zone are possible. | Not more than a day n = 5-10I = up to 80-100 m (2-3 pitches in a row) | In addition to the above for passes 1B k.t. ice axes and "cats" for each participant, hooks in the required quantity and assortment. One main rope for every 2-3 people. |
| 2B | Steep (over 45°) snow, ice and rocky slopes of medium difficulty; short (up to 10-15 m) wall sections, icefalls of medium difficulty are possible. | The use of the most common arsenal of techniques: railing or alternate belay, the use of hooks, the movement of the first on the ascent, and the last on the descent without a backpack, separate ascent and descent of backpacks, rappelling (rappel). As a rule, overnight stays in the glacial zone are unavoidable. | Not less than a day.n = 5-20I = up to 200m (3-5 pitches in a row) | In addition to those listed for passes 2A k.t.,: braking devices for, descent on a rope and (preferably) clamps for ascent. Auxiliary rope, loops, expendable ends of ropes and hooks for descent. |
| 3A | Steep (from 45 to 65°) snow, ice and rocky slopes of considerable length, wall sections up to 1-2 pitches in a row, complex icefalls. | The use of various methods of movement and insurance on long sections, including the use of artificial supports, ladders, anchors, etc. Usually preliminary reconnaissance and route processing is necessary. Tactics take precedence. Repeated overnight stays in the ice zone are inevitable. Organizing a bivouac can require a lot of time and effort. | Up to two daysn = 10-40I = 200 to 500 m (up to 10 pitches in a row) | In addition to the equipment listed above, clamps for climbing a rope, it is possible to use longer main and auxiliary ropes, it may be necessary to use ladders, bookmarks and hooks that are removed during descent. |
| 3B | The same as for 3A, but with a greater length of complex sections, their diverse nature or ultimate complexity, including walls with a steepness of 60 ° or more. | The need for practically continuous mutual and group insurance for many hours and even days of special, designed to overcome this pass, the preparation of excellent mastery of technique by all participants of impeccable tactics. There may be a lack of places for overnight stays, which requires the organization of sit-down or hanging bivouacs. | At least two days.n ≥ 30I = 500 m or more (more than 10 pitches in a row) | Same as 3A k.t.. Equipment specially prepared for a particular pass may be required. |
The criteria for assessing routes to mountain peaks include:
is the absolute height of the vertex;
- the length of the route;
- the steepness of the slopes, the nature of the relief;
— technical complexity of individual sections;
- the total number of sections of varying degrees of difficulty on the way to the top;
– approaches and descent from the summit are not included in the route difficulty category.
In general, they are similar to the assessment of the passes. The complexity of climbing routes is determined as shown in tables 4 and 5.
Table 4 - Criteria for assessing the complexity of routes to mountain peaks
| K.s. peaks | The nature of the slopes of the summit | The category of difficulty of sections on the route (for details on the CT, see the table below). | Total time (t) to overcome the summit. Number of insurance points (n). |
| 1B | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks up to 5000 m. The average length of the route is 500 m, the average steepness is 10-25°. | The basis is plots of 0 k.t. It is necessary to have a site of I category. (rocky: 20-30 m or more, or ice-snow: 80-100 m or more) or the presence of several sections II category. (each - 3-15 m of rocky or 30-40 m of ice-snow character). | t from 1.5 to 8 h.n = 0+ |
| 2A | The basis is made up of sections 0 and I k.t. It is necessary to have a plot II class. (rocky: 5-20 m, or ice-snow: 80-100 m). | t from 2 to 10 hours n = 0+ | |
| 2B | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks up to 6000 m. The average length of the route is 550 m, the average steepness is 15-30°. | The basis is made up of sections 0 and I k.t. It is necessary to have a plot II class. (rocky: 15-30 m or more, or ice-snow: 80-100 m or more) or the presence of several sections III category. (each - 3-10 m of rock or 20-50 m of ice and snow). | t from 2 to 10 hours n = 0-3 |
| 3A | The basis is made up of sections I and II of the category. It is necessary to have a site of III category. (rock: 5-20 m, or ice-snow: 50-200 m). | t from 3 to 10 hours n = 1-3 Rope descent possible. | |
| 3B | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks up to 6500 m. The average length of the route is 600 m, the average steepness is 20-40°. | The basis is made up of sections I and II of the category. It is necessary to have a site of III category. (rocky: 20-30 m, or ice-snow: 100-300 m) or the presence of several sections IV category. (each - 3-15 m of rock or 50-100 m of ice and snow). | t from 3 to 10 hours n = 2-6 Rope descent. |
| 4A | The basis is made up of sections II and III of the category. It is necessary to have a site of IV grade. (rocky: 20-50 m, or ice-snow: 50-200 m). | t ≥5 h.n = 10-15+ It may be necessary to organize an overnight stay on the route. Rope descent. | |
| 4B | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks up to 7000 m. The average length of the route is 650 m, the average steepness is 30-50°. | The basis is made up of sections II and III of the category. It is necessary to have a site of IV grade. (rocky: 40-80 m, or ice-snow: 200-400 m) or the presence of several sections of the V category. (each - 3-15 m of rock or 50-150 m of ice and snow). | t ≥6 h.n = 10-20+ In most cases, you will need to organize an overnight stay on the route. Rope descent. |
| 5A | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks up to 7500 m. The average length of the route is 700 m, the average steepness is 40-60°. | The basis is made up of sections III and IV of the category. It is necessary to have a section V k.t. (rocky: 10-40 m, or ice-snow: 100-400 m). | t ≥6 h.n = 15-20+ In most cases, you will need to organize an overnight stay on the route. Rope descent. |
| 5 B | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks over 2000 m. The average length of the route is 750 m, the average steepness is 45-70°. | There are practically no sections I and II category. The basis is made up of sections III and IV of the category. It is necessary to have a section V k.t. (rocky: 50 m, or ice-snow: 300-500 m) or the presence of several sections of category VI. (3-20m each). | t ≥8 hours n = 40-50+ In most cases, a technically complex organization of an overnight stay on the route will be required. Descent only by rope. |
| 6A | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks over 3000 m. The average length of the route is 800 m, the average steepness is 65-75°. | There are practically no sections I-III of the class. The basis is made up of sections IV and V of the k.t. It is necessary to have sections of the VI category. (each - 20-40 m or more), with a total length of at least 200 m. | t ≥3 days n = 100+ A technically complex organization of an overnight stay on the route is required (mainly these are sitting or hanging places). Descent only by rope. |
| 6B | Rocky/snow-ice or combined route, peaks over 3000 m. The average length of the route is 800 m, the average steepness is 70-80°. | There are practically no sections I-IV of the category. The basis is made up of sections V and VI of the category. | t ≥3 days n = 100+ A technically complex organization of an overnight stay on the route is required (mainly hanging hammocks, etc.). Descent only by rope. |
| K.T. | The nature of the plots | Passing technique |
| 0 | Snow-ice, rocky slopes and ridges with a steepness of 10-20°. | The sections are passed by the simultaneous movement of the whole group. |
| I | Snow-ice areas with a steepness of 15-30°, non-steep rocks. | The sections are covered by the simultaneous movement of the whole group, using the hands to maintain balance. |
| II | Snow-ice areas with a steepness of 25-30°, non-steep rocks. | The sections are passed alternately, and by experienced climbers - simultaneously, using hands to maintain balance. |
| III | Snow-ice areas with a steepness of 30-45°, steep cliffs with numerous hooks and ledges, or gently sloping but smooth rocks. | Rocky sections are climbed by "free climbing", with the main load on the legs and a backpack on the shoulders. Snow-ice areas are passed by technique in "three cycles" or in crampons. |
| IV | Snow-ice areas (slopes and ridges with snow cornices) with a steepness of 40-55°, steep cliffs with a few hooks and ledges. | Rocky sections are climbed by "free climbing", climbing with a backpack on the shoulders is possible, but very difficult. Snow-ice areas are passed mainly on the front teeth of crampons. |
| V | Snow-ice areas (slopes and ridges with snow cornices) with a steepness of more than 45°, steep rocks with inconvenient few hooks and ledges. | Rocky areas are climbed by "free climbing" or with the setting of artificial support points (AID). Passing with a heavy backpack on your shoulders is impossible. Snow-ice sections are passed mainly on the front teeth of the crampons, but mainly with the setting of AID. |
| VI | Rocky vertical walls and overhangs with uncomfortable, few hooks and ledges. | The passage of sections requires effort at the limit of human capabilities. |
There is no official assessment of backcountry routes in the post-Soviet space. The category of complexity of backcountry routes is closely intertwined with the complexity of climbing and tourist routes (Table 6).
Table 6 - Evaluation of the complexity of backcountry routes ( Vitaly Rage)
| K.s. route | Difficulty (rating) of the descent (ski)* | Analogue in mountaineering | Average slope and relief | Features of the descent and the degree of danger |
| F-Simple | 1, 2.1, 2.2 | n/a, flat | ≤28 o, hilly terrain without obstacles. | Lack of key areas, risk of losing control and falling. |
| PD – Not very difficult | 2.1-3.2 | n/a, cooler | 28-35 o, open spaces with small areas of steep relief. Skating in the forest. Not very steep and short constrictions. | Turns are possible to overcome obstacles. Steep sections with good rollout. |
| AD – Medium | 3.2-4.3 | 1A, 1B | 35-40 o, steep sections are inevitable. Short and very steep narrowings. | The need for short turns. Risk of injury from loss of control. Overcoming obstacles requires a quick reaction. |
| D – Complex | 4.2-5.2 | 2A-3A | 40-45 o, steep slope, rocks, cliffs, ice. | Short turns are still possible. Lots of obstacles that require excellent equipment handling. Falling may result in death. |
| TD – Very difficult | 5.3+ | 3B-4B (5A) | 45-50 o, very steep slope, many rocky faults, steps, cliffs, large cracks. | Short turns and slides down long steep couloirs are partly necessary. Descent by rappel is possible. Falling is likely to cause death. |
| ED (EX) – Extreme | 5.4+ | 5A and above | 50-55 o, steep walls and couloirs, rock steps, faults, cliffs, large cracks. | Short turns and slides down long steep couloirs are necessary. Passage by rappel of rocky walls. Lack of safe stopping points |
Methods for categorizing other types of active tourism can be viewed in detail in this book on pages 86-115. Vostokov I.E., Panov S.N. Russian tourist. Normative acts on sports and health tourism in Russia for 2001-2004. - M., 2001. Download .
Officially, the passage of routes can be issued in Federation of Sports Tourism and Tourist All-Around, we have such. On the site you can find various information on tourist and sports events for active types of tourism: competitions, tours, festivals, water regattas, etc. throughout Kazakhstan. But this is if you want to become an athlete, if not, then join us.
Report
about the mountain tourist training
hike of the second category of difficulty
in the Western Caucasus,
committed by a group of tourists from the mountain tourism club "Serpentin" (Sochi)
from 11 to 24 July 2008
2.8. Technical description of the route
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Wake up at 6:20. Partly cloudy. The state of the group is combat.
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Pass Duritsky was visible to us from the lane. Ak-Ayry Vost., now, respectively, we see it from the parking lot.
We leave at 8:00. Directly in front of us is a U-shaped scree-grass saddle. This is the false pass of Duritsky, it leads to the valley of the Belaya River. Our pass is located to the left (west) and is hidden from us by a destroyed rocky ridge. We go along the path along the bottom of the circus and climb to the next terrace of the valley. We keep to the left side in the direction of travel. Tours are stacked in places where screes come out. At 8:48 we stop for a 10-minute halt on the next terrace. Having passed along a wide snow-covered gutter formed by the main ridge and an old ram's forehead at the bottom of the circus, we exit under the pass take-off.
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The pass rise from the east is a conglomerate scree with a steepness of 30-40 degrees and a length of about 100 m, flattening upwards. At the moment of passing in the upper part there was a small snowfield.
At 10:10 the group climbed the pass. Pass Duritsky 1A *, 3000 m, located in the Arkasar ridge, connects the valleys of the Amanauz and Burnaya rivers (a tributary of the Bolshaya Laba), has an E-W orientation. Represents a wide (about 50 m) scree saddle of destroyed rocks. Tour in the middle.
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Group on the lane. Duritsky 1A* |
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In the east we see the dominant c. Pshish, to the right of it is visible the city of Chuchkhur, even to the right of the city of Sofia. In the west, the city of Dukka-Bashi is visible in the Arkasar ridge, per. Dorbun, d/r Burnaya, d/r B.Laba.
In the tour, a note was found from a group of tourists from the tourist club "Citadel", Belarus, Brest, dated August 18, 2008, who made a trip of the 2nd grade.
At the pass we eat a chocolate bar, take a photo, leave a note and at 10:50 we begin the descent.
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The descent begins in the southwestern part and is a scree 50 m long.
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The steepness is up to 40 degrees, the scree is small, mobile. Then an exit to a snowfield of the same steepness, which flattens down the valley. Crossing a couple of snowfields and scree, we make a halt at 12:25 at the bottom of the valley of the right tributary of the river. Stormy under the lane. Dorbun.
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We confer with the whole group about the further path of movement. There are two options. First: go down to the confluence of the right and left tributaries of the river. Stormy, then go up the left tributary to the circus of the passes of Poachers and Vorontsov-Velyaminov. Second: Going down to the confluence, cross the buttress separating the right and left rivers. Stormy.
After consulting, we accept the second option, considering it more interesting and panoramic.
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Then we go to the south, starting the traverse of the scree spur of the ridge. Climbing the spur, we find out that the ridge is single, but cut by scree couloirs into rays converging in the upper part. We are on the northernmost beam. The extreme southern beam is turned towards us by a large number of simple rock outcrops on a steep grassy slope, overcoming which will require a significant expenditure of effort. Therefore, we climb up our ridge to the place where the rays converge. The steepness of the slope is about 20-30 degrees. Crossing the snowfield.
We walk along the snowfield of the ridge that has not melted the supercharging and cross the supercharging of the upper part in the place of its flattening and go out to the ridge dividing the tributaries.
We cross the ridge, which is a large stone scree of medium steepness, and we have a panorama overlooking the Vorontsov-Velyaminov glacier and the valley of the river. Stormy. The path of the ascent to the lane is completely visible. Vorontsov-Velyaminov.
At 13:20 in this panoramic place we stop for a halt to enjoy the beauty of the views. At 13:40 we start descending from the ridge, represented by a grassy-scree slope with a steepness of about 30 degrees. At 14:00 we stop on a gently sloping grassy terrace, where we stop for lunch. From the terrace we have a great view of the lane. Poachers, where we soon notice a group of Timofeev D.V.
In the parking lot there is a powerful stream, where we take water.
We observe the group of D.V. Timofeev descending from the pass. When they descended below the level of our terrace, we establish a voice connection with them. After talking and learning the latest news, we return to our business. Because we have two half-walks left to go, during lunch we dry things, rest.
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At 16:35 we go down from the place of lunch by traverse down the sloping medium stone scree to the lake in the circus per. Poachers. On the lake 16:50 a small halt.
At 17:00 we leave along the sloping scree plateau of the retreating glacier to the right of the nunatak, which separates the two branches of the Vorontsov-Velyaminov glacier. We plan to go to the left-bank moraine, where, according to the description, there are places for overnight stays. Steepness up to 15 degrees. Approaching the slope of the moraine, we find sites for three tents.
There is a stream nearby, so at 17:15 we stop here for a halt. As it turned out later, there are indeed many sites for tents on the ridge, but there is no water.
We set up camp and have dinner at 19:30. Partly cloudy. Tours approached the camp in the evening.
The group is in good condition.
In mountain tourism and mountaineering, there are categories of difficulty (c.s.), defined by the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification of Tourist Routes (EVSKTM) and Recommendations for the classification of climbing routes, approved by the Russian Mountaineering Federation.
The category of complexity of the trip consists of the number and complexity of local obstacles, the length of the route and its duration. In total, there are six categories of difficulty for hiking and for local obstacles - passes and peaks. Hikes are classified from the 1st to the 6th class, and for local obstacles the following gradations are introduced: uncategorized passes (n.k.), 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B.
"Uncategorized" (n.k.) hikes are used to prepare beginners and are available to everyone, as well as a hike of the 1st category of difficulty. They differ in that they lack the number of passes or they are too short. Usually, hiking n.k. and 1st K.S. take place in low mountainous areas, they are not dangerous for health and do not require special technical skills and special equipment.
Sections of the second - simple difficulty - are snow-ice sections with a steepness of 25-30 ° and not steep rocks. When passing, elementary climbing training is required.
Sections of the third - medium difficulty - are ice-snow sections with a steepness of 30-45 °. Mountaineering itself begins with this category of difficulty, since movement in such areas requires special mountaineering training and equipment to organize safe movement (insurance).
Sections of the fourth - above average difficulty (difficult). These are steep (40-55°) ice-snow slopes and ridges with a variety of snow cornices, the passage of which requires intense free climbing and a good command of the technique of moving along the piedmont terrain. Equipment: climbing shoes, crampons, ice axes, for the organization of insurance and self-insurance - various rock pitons, ice axes, bookmarks, carabiners, hammers, expendable cord, ropes.
The sections of the fifth difficulty are steep (more than 45°) ice-snow slopes, walls and ridges with various snow cornices, which are passed on the front teeth of crampons, but mainly require the creation of artificial support points. For the passage of these sections, good special climbing technical, tactical, physical and moral training is required. Equipment: special climbing shoes, crampons, ice axes, a large set of various rock pitons, embedded elements, drills, carabiners, hammers, auxiliary cord, ladders. Belay and self-insurance - only hook, descents are carried out only by rappels.
Sections of the sixth difficulty are smooth vertical and overhanging rocks with a very limited number of inconvenient and small-sized holds, stops, ledges, ledges necessary for organizing movement, and even cracks that allow organizing artificial points. There are practically no even short narrow (for one person) shelves for relaxation. The sections require for their passage an excellent command of the highest special climbing technique of movement, tactical, physical, psychological and moral preparation, possession of special climbing techniques and can be passed by a limited number of very well trained mountaineers.
