Scientific electronic library. Mari Chodra National Park Description of Mari Chodra

National Park "Mari Chodra" - "Mari Forest"

Address: 425090 Republic of Mari El, Zvenigovsky district, pos. Krasnogorsky - train Moscow-Yoshkar-Ola and the highway Moscow - Yoshkar-Ola - Kazan.

The Mari Chodra National Park, in the Morkinsky Morkinsky, Zvenigovsky and Volzhsky districts of the Mari El Republic was established in 1995. Its area is 36.6 thousand hectares

The park is located in the basin of the Ilet River, the left tributary of the Volga River, not far from the border with Tatarstan - 30 km from the city of Volzhsk and 60 km from the city of Yoshkar-Ola.

Mari Chodra is famous for its rivers (tributaries of the Ilet River) Yushut, Petyalka, Uba, Voncha, as well as numerous picturesque lakes. Many lakes contain fango.

Karst lake Tot-Er

Lake Yalchik

Other lakes: Kichier, Melnichnoye, Teterkino, Mushan-Er, Konan-Er, Shut-Er, Kuzh-Er, Ergezh-Er (Round), Kugu-Er, etc.

Mari Chodra National Park — Photo

Boiling Square and Green Key r. Ilet

An ice-free mineral spring on the Yushut River

maple mountain

At the foot of Maple Mountain Hydrosulphuric Lake Shungaltan

Lake Dolgoye Kuzh-Er

Teal Whistle - Anas crecca

Lake Okunevo

The park includes a part of the Mariysko-Vyatka rampart, highlands (mountains Klenovaya, Kerebelakskaya, etc.) and serves as a place of rest for the inhabitants of Chuvashia, Tatarstan and Mari El.

The vegetation cover is sub-taiga coniferous-deciduous forests.

On a hill there are areas of oak forests with an admixture of maple, linden, and spruce; in the valleys mixed forests of spruce, pine, linden, oak, maple, aspen, elm and floodplain oak forests.

There are pine forests with an admixture of aspen, birch, and spruce. Some small areas are occupied by eutrophic grass marshes.

birch mane

Old Kazan (Galitsky) tract

Pugachev fields

Lake Mud - floodplain of the river Ilet

Deaf Lake - a landmark of the national park "Mari Chodra"

Flora represents taiga, forest-steppe and steppe species. About 50 plants are rare for the Mari El flora.

Common to the life of animals of the protected area are elk, squirrel, chipmunk, hare, least weasel, ermine, European polecat, marten; among the mammalian inhabitants are the (reacclimatized) beaver and the otter.

Inhabitants, grouse birds (Tetraonidae) include black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse; birds of prey - buzzard, goshawk, kite; sometimes a golden eagle appears. On floodplain lakes - mallard and European teal.

On the reservoirs, the habitation of the goldeneye is possible - a typical forest duck, arranging nests in hollows.

Mistletoe - Turdidae

Fieldfare Thrush - Turdus pilaris

Linnet - Cannabina cannabina

Bullfinch - Pyrrhula

Waxwing - Bombycilla

Seasonal concentrations of birds are small. In autumn, diving ducks temporarily stop on the lakes.

And in the spring, the flight over the flooded rivers is more lively. In autumn and winter, bullfinch, waxwing, and sometimes nutcracker migrate.

Location and history of the national park "Mari Chodra"

national park" Mariy Chodra"in 1985 on the territory of the Republic of Mari El. The national park is located in the south-east of the Republic of Mari El, in its most economically developed part, on the territory of three administrative districts: Morkinsky, Zvenigovsky, Volzhsky. There are 5 settlements on the territory of the park, where about 15 thousand people live.

The area of ​​the national park is 36.6 thousand hectares, all lands are provided to the national park. Forest lands occupy 34.0 thousand hectares (92.9% of the park), incl. forested - 33.5 thousand hectares (91.5%).

Non-forest lands occupy only 7.1% of the park, among them: hayfields, pastures, arable land - 1%, water - 2%, swamps - 1%, roads and clearings - 2%, the rest - estates and other lands. The national park is located at a distance of 60 km from the city of Yoshkar-Ola and 30 km from the city of Volzhsk. Its territory is crossed by the railway Yoshkar-Ola - Moscow and the highway of republican significance Yoshkar-Ola - Kazan.

The nature of the national park "Mariy Chodra"

The flora and vegetation of the park are diverse. Its territory is located on the southern border of coniferous-deciduous forests of the subtaiga zone, and in floristic terms - at the junction of the European and West Siberian provinces of the Euro-Siberian floristic region. The flora of this limited area includes 774 species and subspecies from 363 genera of 93 families, which is more than 67%. A number of taiga species, both European (European spruce) and Siberian (Siberian fir), are found here with elements of forest-steppes (summer oak) and steppes (feather grass).

Pine forests grow mainly on sandy and sandy loamy soils and make up 27.7% of forests. Among them, pure green moss pine forests predominate, often with the participation of aspen, birch, and sometimes spruce. A special place belongs to sphagnum pine forests. Although their area is only about 600 hectares, they are an important component of the park's natural complex. Spruce forests are presented in mosaic and occupy only 3.3% of the forest area. They may include pine, birch, aspen.

The flora of the park includes about 50 rare species, which is 1/4 of the list of rare and endangered species of local flora. Of the species listed in the Red Book of the USSR (1984), there is a real slipper and a red pollenhead. Relic plants can be seen in sphagnum bogs: marsh hamarbia, Magellanic and string-rooted sedges, white gooseberry, multi-eared cotton grass, sundews. Some plant species have become endangered as a result of the disappearance of plant communities. For example, from the swamps - the marsh dream, the pulp is single-leaved, the streamer is compressed, the Lapland willow, and from the field - the common cockle. As a result of increased exploitation, the endangered ones include sandy cumin, pure white water lily, curly lily, Siberian iris, etc.

Animals of the national park "Mariy Chodra"

The park is inhabited by many animals of the strip of mixed forests of the European part of Russia. This is due to the ecological and trophic diversity of habitat conditions, as well as the geographical position of the park at the junction of natural zones. The animal world of the republic is well studied. However, a systematic study of the fauna of the national park has not yet been carried out. But if we exclude species that live in ecotopes that are not typical for the park (the forest-steppe part of the republic, the Volga valley, the Cheboksary reservoir), then it should be assumed that about 50 species of mammals, about 100 - birds and 29 species of fish live in its lands.

Among mammals, the order of rodents is the most numerous. In the forests of the park, from the squirrel family, there are squirrels and chipmunks - a recent eastern alien; from the mouse family - wood mouse, red vole, yellow-throated mouse, etc. From the order of lagomorphs, a hare is not uncommon, and a hare is occasionally found along the borders with fields. The order of carnivores is represented by the mustelid family: weasel, ermine, forest polecat, pine marten, European and, possibly, American mink - all are relatively small. The otter noted by Yushut is especially rare. Interestingly, the mink sometimes hunts birds, in particular hazel grouse, by voice. Of the cats, apparently, the lynx comes in. Moose are common in the forests. Another representative of the artiodactyl order - the wild boar - is less common. In the lands of Mariy-Chodry, especially in the Ileti floodplain, many bats live in hollows in overmature forests. Specially protected species include the otter and the beaver, which was brought from the Voronezh Reserve and released into the lands of the republic in 1947. It is interesting that beavers were previously found on the Irovka, a tributary of the Ileti, but were exterminated.

The most common birds of the passerine order, whose life is connected with forests: jay, magpie, oriole, crossbills, pika, nuthatch, titmouse, etc. This should also include birds from the woodpecker order: large and small motley woodpeckers, bile. In mixed forests with a diverse and dense undergrowth, representatives of the thrush family are common: fieldfare thrush, mistle, blackbird. Of the forest birds that lead nocturnal and twilight life, although less common, one should name the long-eared owl, hawk owl, leggy owl and the largest of the owl family - the eagle owl. Common nightjar. Of the grouse birds, taiga species live in the park: capercaillie (unfortunately, its numbers have sharply decreased) and hazel grouse. In clearings and young forests, a resident of the forest-steppe and broad-leaved forests - black grouse keeps. Of the snipe family, the woodcock is common; snipe and great snipe are less common due to the limited meadow-marsh spaces. The family of pigeons is represented by the dove, the dove and the dove. The first two live in old oak forests on Maple Mountain and feed on acorns. Of the daytime birds of prey, the most common buzzard, goshawk, black kite.

No nesting eagles found. But flights of the golden eagle - the largest eagle - are possible. Another rare feathered predator - the osprey - was noted along the river. Ilet, a little south of the park. Until recently, gray herons lived in the park: two pairs of herons nested in huge pine trees on the banks of the Ileti. There are currently none. Of the waterfowl nesting birds in floodplain lakes and swampy channels, mallard duck and common teal are common, but they are less common in reservoirs of failed origin. Perhaps the habitation of the goldeneye - a typical forest duck, arranging nests in hollows. Seasonal concentrations of birds are small. In autumn, diving ducks temporarily stop on the lakes, and in spring the flight over the overflowing rivers is more lively. In autumn and winter, bullfinch, waxwing, sometimes nutcracker, etc. migrate.

Birds: woodcock, large spotted woodpecker, small spotted woodpecker, stockhead, black kite, osprey, eagle owl

Mammals: marten, elk, wood mouse, European mink, wood ferret

Insects: forest ant

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Presentation on the topic: Mariy Chodra

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NATIONAL PARK - PART OF THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTED TERRITORIES OF THE COUNTRY The national park "Mariy Chodra" was established in 1985 and became a link in the system of protected areas of Russia. This system includes nature reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments, differing in their goals and objectives. In "Mariy Chodra" the reserve regime is established in the north-eastern part of the park.

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The most important tasks of the Mariy Chodra park are: protection and restoration of landscapes of water bodies, characteristic flora and fauna, objects of inanimate nature, historical monuments; Protection of natural complexes and their use for recreational, educational and scientific purposes; creation of conditions for long-term recreation, tourism , acquaintance with nature and historical sights; wide promotion of environmental protection tasks among the population.

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National parks are distinguished among them by the fact that they are created not only for the protection of natural complexes, but also for the organization of tourism and educational recreation. The combination of these opposite functions within the boundaries of one park is achieved by allocating sites with different modes of use. Shulgaldan lake, Klenogorsk oak forest (Pugachev's oak), Green Key spring, Klenovaya Gora.

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The Mari Chodra Park is located in the southeast of the Republic of Mari El and covers an area of ​​36.6 thousand hectares. Due to the position at the junction of geological structures and natural zones, a significant variety of landscapes is created here. The relief is dominated by plains, although their surface is different in the west and east of the park. In its western part, the plains are composed of a thick layer of sandy deposits deposited by rivers and melt waters of the glacier.

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The basins of almost all lakes are of sinkhole-karst origin. Large lakes are occupied by baths formed by merged failures, such as Mushan-er and Glukhoe Lake. Karst sinkholes can be seen in the area of ​​Lake Yalchik. Hiking hunters and lovers of quiet walks, avid fishermen and those in need of treatment, everyone can find something suitable for themselves in the Mari Chodra National Park. And what Could it be better than a vacation in the woods?! It is easier to breathe here: it is better to think.

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THE PARK TERRITORY IS A HISTORICAL OBJECT The territory where the park is located has long been inhabited by the Mari people. The formation of the ancient Mari into the Mari people, or Cheremis, took place in the 1st millennium of our era. Their ancestors were representatives of tribal groups that inhabited the space between the Volga and Oka on the one hand and Kama on the other. The unhurried course of life was disturbed by wars and the intervention of powerful neighbors. The legends depict such events in history as the Peasant War. It is said that Emelyan Pugachev himself stopped on Klenovaya Gora after the defeat near Kazan in 1774 and, having climbed a tall oak, watched the fire blaze over the abandoned city. It is believed that the oak, which currently stands on Klenovaya Gora, is the same one, Pugachevsky.

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TOURISM AND RECREATION IN "MARI CHODRA" The lakes are very attractive for tourists, the largest of them and the most famous are Yalchik and Kichier. On the banks of Yalchik there are rest houses, camp sites, sports and recreational and pioneer camps. Pine and spruce-pine forests surrounding the lake create a favorable microclimate for recreation. Forests and sandy beaches, the water surface of the lake make the landscapes look like the Baltic ones. Lake Kichier with its surrounding dry cobblestone forests is also a popular recreation area. There is a sanatorium "Kichier", a sanatorium-dispensary "Builder", rest houses.

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The growing needs of the population for a good rest require the improvement of tourist services in the park. Therefore, the development of new routes for hiking and ski tourism, eco-educational trails is underway. To improve the recreational and aesthetic qualities of the territory, tourist towns and parking lots are being equipped. Yalchik. And in the Klenogorsk and Yalchinsky forest areas you will find rental points where you can rent a boat, a tent, and various tourist equipment.

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Employees of the Mariy Chodra Park annually conduct animal and bird counts, take snow samples to study the acidity of the snow cover. The survey data make it possible to detect the places of accumulation of animals, their numbers, to ensure the targeted implementation of biotechnical measures. Forestry and rangers services are organized in the park, which conduct raids to protect forest resources, hunting fauna, reservoirs and their inhabitants.

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In the flora of the national park, 85% of all plant species found on the territory of the Republic of Mari El are represented. Of the 1155 species and subspecies that grow in the park, 980 are representatives of the natural flora, the rest are cultivated and alluvial plants. (sleep-grass). An amazing ancient plant, the white water lily, grows in oxbow lakes and lakes.

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The largest waterway in the national park is the Ilet River. This is a left tributary of the Volga. Ilet flows in a wide valley. In the valley there are many old women rich in fish; ducks nest in them and hatch chicks. About fifty old women of Ileti contain mud with healing properties. Where the Ilet approaches the Klenogorsk Upland, its valley narrows, the slopes become steep, and in some places even steep, bedrock is exposed in them, water sources are knocked out to the surface, among which there are mineral ones. There are about two dozen mineral springs in the Maple Mountain area; their waters have a predominantly sulfate-calcium composition

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On the basis of the Green Key spring, the Klenovaya Gora sanatorium was built, which operates all year round and is designed for 540 people. Vacationers are located in 1-2 local chambers. Treatment of diseases of the digestive organs and the nervous system is carried out, hydrogen sulfide mud and mineral water are used. The sanatorium is provided with all the necessary modern medical equipment, there is also a club, a cinema hall, a library, sports grounds, a swimming pool, excursions to Yoshkar-Ola and Kazan are organized.

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Republic of Mari El, Morkinsky, Zvenigovsky and Volzhsky district

History of creation
National Park "Mari Chodra", or "Mari forest" in Russian, was created in 1985. The territory of the park with an area of ​​36.6 thousand hectares is covered with beautiful pine forests and broad-leaved forests.
The main tasks of the park were the preservation and restoration of landscapes, characteristic flora and fauna, natural monuments; protection of natural complexes, including lakes of sinkhole-karst origin, and their use for recreational, educational and scientific purposes.

Physical and geographical conditions
The national park is located in the southeast of the Republic of Mari El, in the basin of the river. The Ilet is a left tributary of the Volga and is part of the mixed forest belt of the forest zone. The territory is a slightly undulating plain with absolute heights of 75-125 meters above sea level.
There are a large number of lakes and rivers in the park. The main river of the park is the Ilet with its left-bank tributaries: Yushut, Arbaika, Uba, the Petyalka River flows into it from the right. During the warm period of the year, the water content of the river allows tourist boats to pass through. In the Klenovaya Gora area, more than 20 springs come out to Ilet. The most significant is the Green Key, beating at the foot of the mountain on the left bank of the Ileti.
Forest karst lakes are very clean and transparent, some of them - Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichner, Shulgandan - are natural monuments.
The climate of the area where the national park is located is temperate continental, characterized by relatively hot summers and frosty winters with stable snow cover. The average temperature of the warmest month (July) is +18.3°C, the coldest (January) is -14.1°C.

Diversity of flora and fauna
The park is dominated by forest vegetation, where the largest proportion is pine forests, spruce forests are mosaically represented, there are oak forests. Various types of birch and aspen forests occupy about a third of the park area.
Rare plant species growing in the park on the border of their ranges include: laxative joster, forest apple tree; red-fruited crow, common heather, dyeing dock, Arnell's sedge, Ural tsitserbita and others.
In the fauna of the park there are taiga species - brown bear, elk, capercaillie, hazel grouse; types of coniferous-deciduous forests - yellow-throated mouse, squirrel, green woodpecker; as well as forest-steppe species - hare, field mouse, reddish ground squirrel, common hamster. The red fox is often seen. The muskrat also lives in the park - a rare species listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
More than 43 species of fish live in the rivers and lakes of the park - such as catfish, pike, gold and silver carp, carp, tench, bream. A rare species, the European grayling, lives in the channels of the Ilet River.

What to watch
The national park is ecologically clean, the most picturesque corner of the Mari nature. Here you can find traces of a bear and an elk, mighty trees felled by beavers, rare plants.
Interesting historical objects - the old Kazan tract and "Pugachev's Oak". According to ancient legends, near this oak, pursued by the tsarist troops, Emelyan Pugachev stopped to rest with his troops. From here he monitored the burning Kazan. The size of an oak is very different among the stands. This is a gigantic tree with a powerful trunk, the diameter of which is 159 cm.
You can explore nature and see all the sights of the park by following the numerous horse, water or hiking trails, accompanied by experienced guides of the park.

According to oopt.info and zapoved.ru

On its territory there are five settlements in which fifteen thousand people live. The structure of Mari Chodry includes forest lands, hayfields, pastures and arable lands. The Yoshkar-Ola-Moscow railway line and the Yoshkar-Ola-Kazan highway pass through it. It is interesting because the southern border of coniferous-deciduous forests of the subtaiga zone passes here. European taiga species are combined with elements of forest-steppes and steppes.

Enough diverse flora and fauna of Mari Chodra. The flora of the national park contains about fifty rare plant species. About a hundred species of birds, fifty species of mammals and 29 species of fish live here. The most numerous group of rodents is represented. Squirrels and chipmunks are jumping, forest mice and bank voles are running. There are also predators: forest polecat, weasel, ermine. Sometimes a lynx comes in. Moose are often found, less often wild boars. There are a lot of bats in the park grounds. Mariy Chodra's specially protected animals include the otter and the beaver, brought here from the Voronezh Reserve back in 1947.

Mari Chodra means Mari Forest. And it's not just the name. It's just that this forest is one of the best in Russia. Moreover, it is interspersed with a large number of beautiful lakes. Among them are Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichner, Shulgandon, which are natural monuments. The main river is the Ilet. The climate here is temperate continental with very hot summers and frosty snowy winters. All this makes Mari Chodra ecologically clean and the most picturesque monument of Mari nature. The most interesting objects for excursions are the old Kazansky tract and Pugachev's Oak, near which he supposedly stood, watching the burning Kazan during the years of his uprising.

Park workers are doing serious research work, in which they are assisted by enthusiasts from numerous environmental camps operating in the park. There are a lot of vacationers here. Lake Yalchik enjoys the greatest attention among them, where there are eleven institutions for recreation and treatment. The northeastern zone of the park is a specially protected protected area. The Mari forest is often called the Mari taiga and it is justified. Making their way through the dense impenetrable forest, travelers are numb with delight, coming across a shallow clean river with makeshift footbridges, under which half-meter, or even meter-long pikes are waiting for something right in the water. Just a natural idyll. By the way, in one of the local lakes it was recently discovered again, the missing one was, here is a muskrat.

The highest point of the park is Maple Mountain, which rises to 196 meters. The Staritsa of the Ilet River and lakes contain large reserves of mineral mud. There is a large number of not only historical monuments, but also thirty archaeological ones. Among them is the settlement of Oshutialskoye, consisting of fourteen dwellings of the Order culture. In the village of Ilet, there is a museum of the Mari Chodra park. There are about twenty springs on its territory, including the Green Key, which flows right at the foot of the mountain on the left bank of the Ilet River.

Mariy Chodra is a national treasure of the republic. The value of this park is not only in the richness of flora and fauna, the presence of historical monuments, but also in the fact that it is an excellent health resort for rest and treatment. There is always a huge number of organized vacationers and the so-called savages. People are very fond of sitting by the fire, fishing, picking berries and mushrooms, which the park is so famous for. Here is a place where people suddenly feel that there are no more problems in their lives.

Mari Chodra National Park (photo)

Mari Chodra National Park (address, phone numbers of administration) - on the map