Description of the autumn lake. Composition-description of the lake "Mountain Lake". Colorado Lagoon in Bolivia

One of the main causes of premature failure of the car is a violation of the rules of its operation.

Cleanliness is the key not only to health, but also to a long battery life.

Very often, the battery looks like this: the side walls are stained with dirt and engine oil, on the top panel there is dust and puddles of water or electrolyte. All this leads to contact closure, involuntary discharge of capacity, and even to complete failure of the battery.

Conclusion - the outside of the battery must be dry and clean, and the terminals and terminals of the poles must be lubricated with technical vaseline or other thick neutral grease.

Electrolyte: level and density are subject to constant monitoring

Over time, the electrolyte level inevitably drops due to the evaporation of the water that is part of it. Look into battery banks. If the battery case is translucent, the electrolyte level can be determined visually - between the "min" and "max" marks.

For batteries with opaque cases, insert a glass tube into the opening of the jar until it stops against the safety net and, holding the upper opening of the tube with your finger, remove the tube. The recommended electrolyte level should be in the order of 10–15 mm.

If the electrolyte level is below normal, add water to the battery jar (never tap water!)

At the same time, check the transparency of the electrolyte. A dirty brown color will indicate shedding of the active mass of the plates, which is not good.

And be sure to measure its density. Insert the hydrometer into the opening of the jar until it stops in the safety net and draw such an amount of electrolyte with a pear that the float of the hydrometer floats.

The density of the electrolyte should be 1.28 g/cm3 for a temperate climate at an electrolyte temperature of 20°C. If the density indicator is lower than indicated or differs in banks by more than 0.02 g / cm3, the battery is needed.

Overcharging and undercharging are two dangerous extremes

Recharging the battery occurs as a result of a malfunction of automotive electronics, in particular, a relay-regulator. At the same time, the battery overheats, the electrolyte "boils", its level drops, the plates are "exposed". As a result, the destruction of the grid of positive plates and intensive shedding of the active mass from them, which is tantamount to the death of the battery.

Battery undercharging is mostly caused by a loose alternator belt, a faulty alternator, or an excessive load on the vehicle's on-board power supply (usually in winter). As a result - sulfation of the plates. In especially severe cases, there is a change in the polarity of individual cans of the battery.

Starting the engine: let's not fanaticism

Do not force the battery with a starter. Starter activations should be short-term - no more than 10 seconds. And the breaks between unsuccessful attempts to start should be at least a minute.

If even after 4-5 attempts the engine does not start, you should not deplete the battery - a more reasonable solution would be to check the health of the fuel system and the ignition system.

Security measures

Do not forget that when measuring electrolyte density with a hydrometer, you are dealing with a very aggressive medium - sulfuric acid. If it gets on clothes, the latter will become unusable, and if it gets on the skin, you will get a chemical burn.

It will be worse if the acid gets into the eyes. Therefore, the measurement of electrolyte density must be carried out in work clothes, gloves and goggles.

Always remove rings, bracelets, and watches before working on the vehicle's electrical system. Even with the battery disconnected, capacitive discharge may occur if the component's power clamp is accidentally shorted by a metal object. This may cause shock or severe burns.

Mobile devices that use energy storage devices of different capacities operate in water, on land and in the air. Depending on the tasks to be solved, batteries can be with liquid, gel and solid active mass. The composition of a galvanic cell shows whether energy is stored in an acidic or alkaline environment, in a gel, liquid or dry phase. Systems with ever higher energy capacity per unit volume are emerging. Each battery operates within certain temperature ranges, time intervals. Let's try to understand how to extend the life of batteries, given the features of operation.

The emergence of a phone with a large touch screen humanity owes the creation of lithium batteries. The compact dry lithium battery contains a charge that provides wireless operation of a device that is connected to the Internet, performs the amount of work commensurate with a laptop. The battery provides the tool with energy. As you know, the lithium base burns well and even explodes, does not tolerate cold. To prolong life, the device must operate at a comfortable temperature of +10 - +30 0, be charged by 50-80%.

Each battery is constantly discharged from the moment of manufacture, regardless of whether it is stored or installed in the gadget. The ability to recharge is limited. How to extend the life of a laptop or phone battery, knowing that it has a specific number of charge cycles? Reduce the load on the gadget by disabling background and energy-intensive programs.

The safety of the lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries depends on the presence of a protective controller that regulates the level of charge. You can extend the life of the device by avoiding deep discharge or voltage above normal. How to do it? Do not keep a charge in the battery is not the limit of what is permitted. Do not use the laptop at the same time from the network and the battery. When charging the phone, do not work on it.

It is important, when charging Android, not to leave it in direct sunlight or near the battery. As soon as the case heats up, the capacity will decrease, will this extend the life of the battery? There is no memory effect in lithium-ion batteries, if you need to extend the life of the device, you can charge it in small portions. How to do it, charging or external storage, it doesn’t matter.

How to extend iphone battery life

Apple releases touchscreen phone with iOS operating system. Phones under the Iphone brand are their brainchild. The OS has a closed code that is incompatible with the Android platform. Only corporate components are used, including batteries. The quality of the phones is high, but the problem of how to extend the battery life is relevant on the iPhone. Despite the installation of energy-saving mode, the charge lasts for 3-4 hours.

How to reduce power consumption, which means extending the life of the Iphone 7 or 7Plus battery, is set out in the instructions. If the connection is poor, use the offline mode by disabling most features. Turn off the location, revise existing and background programs, leave the necessary ones. It takes a lot of energy to constantly update programs automatically. How to adjust the brightness of the display, the energy eater on the iPhone, is written in the manual. By optimizing the modes, you can extend the life of the battery. If you can’t cope with savings, entrust the phone to specialists, especially if it is under warranty.

How to extend battery life on Android

Touchscreen phones based on the open source Android platform are produced by many manufacturers. Components are produced in Asian countries. The disease of all smartphones with large software and a huge screen is excessive power consumption.

How to extend the battery life of a smart gadget? It is noted that the first waste of energy is the display. But the screen brightness can be dimmed and the screen illumination time can be reduced. A dark or black background will significantly reduce the energy consumption of the screen backlight. Live wallpapers will take the entire charge in less than 3 hours. If you remove the geolocation, wireless network, Android will noticeably unload. It is even better to install an application that optimizes the performance of the gadget. Amplify Battery Extender really works. You can download it on Google Play.

How to extend the life of a car battery

After three years of service, a car battery is considered old. How to extend battery life? First of all, you need to get rid of the precipitate of lead sulfate, which interferes with the contact of the electrolyte with the plates. For this, a long-term charge with a low current, a charge in distilled water, or pulsed discharges with a low current are used.

The process of restoring an acid battery after a short circuit is associated with the replacement of unusable cans. You can detect a non-working cell by measuring the voltage on each element.

How to prolong the life of a screwdriver

In a hand-held mobile tool, energy is supplied by a battery of 18650 form factor batteries. The elements are assembled into a complex with a series and parallel connection of poles, a protective controller. Use lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. Depending on the type of elements, the operating conditions differ. So, lithium-other batteries do not tolerate overcharging, are not active at sub-zero temperatures. Nickel-cadmium batteries can only be used with a full charge and discharge, but they work in frost at -30 0.

The battery life of screwdrivers can be extended by about a year by taking measures.

1. The lithium-ion battery is afraid of deep discharge and overcharging. Therefore, a protective electronic unit is installed here. But it will not work if the battery is discharged in the cold or during long-term storage. The lost capacity on lithium batteries is not restored, but individual banks that have become unusable can be replaced by soldering. You can work with a screwdriver at a positive temperature.
2. Nickel-metal hydride batteries operate at a temperature of -15 - +40 0, do not tolerate overcharging, and are stored in a cool room.
3. Nickel-cadmium batteries operate at all temperatures. They are completely discharged during storage. A full charge-discharge cycle maintains capacity.

To extend the life of the battery, you need to study and follow the operating rules of the appropriate type. You should always use your original charger. Batteries can be revived by replacing individual non-working batteries. The reason for the repair will be a decrease in the voltage at the terminals and a decrease in the intercharging period.

Video

For those interested, we offer a video with a visual lesson on how to extend the life of the battery.

“If the battery is properly looked after, no start-up charge is needed,” many experienced drivers think so. And there is a rational grain in these reasonings. Any equipment, including batteries, has a certain service life.

If the device is worn out, and even in bad conditions - do not expect anything good from it. The results are always disastrous. This is a dead battery at the most inopportune time, and its complete failure. If a dead battery can still be charged, then a damaged one should only be thrown away. And so every year or, at best, one and a half or two. In general, the predicted life of a car battery is reduced by 2-3 times.

Incredibly, many motorists consider it normal to replace the battery every year. They believe that this is the term of his life - one year. Such an approach is a gross mistake. After all, a modern battery is not so bad as to scatter it like that. With good care, it will last 5-7 years, no less. At the same time, it will perfectly perform all its functions:

• Provides timely start of the motor.
• Creates an energy reserve. The accumulated energy makes it possible for all additional devices to work smoothly even when the main power was taken over by the running engine.
• If the engine is stalled, it serves as the only source of energy supply in the car. Although, in this mode, it will not pull for a long time - the characteristics are greatly reduced.
• Emergency power supply for headlights, position lights, etc. After all, it is necessary to somehow safely transport the car to the nearest service station if the generator has failed.

In a word, the car will not drive without a battery, so it should inspire confidence. Do not underestimate her and, moreover, deliberately shorten her life. It is better to think about how to extend the life of the battery to those coveted five, or even ten! years? And is it possible? It is quite realistic if you do not become lazy and follow seven simple rules.

1. No sudden changes in temperature.

Change the temperature of the environment - not in your power. The car now and then gets into situations of "sometimes too hot - sometimes extremely cold." But you can completely protect your battery. To do this, the device must be isolated. In new, modern machines, the manufacturer has already taken care of the insulation. He carefully placed the device in an insulating case. Several layers of insulation do not allow critical temperature indicators and its sudden changes. If the machine is old, then you need to purchase a special insulating kit separately. When buying, pay attention to the dimensions - it should fit in your battery compartment.

2. Undercharging and overcharging are the main enemies of capacity

An automatic charger is the best choice for a motorist for the simple reason that it controls the degree of charge itself. When the desired value is reached, it turns off automatically. That is, there is no need to observe the charging process. But, if the memory used is not equipped with such a function, do not be distracted and carefully monitor its work. There are fears of overcharging. He will certainly "land" your battery in the future.

You should also beware of undercharging. It usually occurs when driving short distances. That is, if you often drive through traffic jams (and this is inevitable in a big city), then the device is not fully charged. A few of these undercharges, and your battery will lose capacity. Therefore, measure the voltage more often - one should be at least 12.6 Volts. If the voltage indicator is normal, but there is still an undercharge, then replacing the voltage regulator will help to remove the problem. Often not completely changed. And partially - brushes, contact rings. Inexpensive and efficient.

3. Turn off when the machine is idle for a long time

We drove the car into the garage - let it rest. Turn off consumers of electricity: light, radio. These are all unnecessary electricity leaks. Close the door tightly - after all, even this little thing is capable of planting a battery in the morning. And if the parking is for a long time (several days or even more), then it is better to turn off the battery altogether. Why waste a charge when you can save performance for your next trip? This is very easy to do - you just need to disconnect one terminal.

4. Cleanliness and dryness prolong life

The housing must be periodically cleaned and wiped. It must be clean and dry. Wet drips of electrolyte threaten the danger of a short circuit. Remove them with a clean cloth or cotton rag. Since the electrolyte is an acid, it is best to wipe it with a solution of baking soda or ammonia. These manipulations must be done carefully so as not to damage the cover. When cleaning, inspect for corrosion on the terminals and ventilation holes. If rust has appeared, you won’t get by with clean water, you need a special anti-corrosion agent. After cleaning, check the fastening of the contacts. If they are loose, tighten them up.

5. "rape" starter - kill slowly

Such situations occur mainly in winter. Negative temperature - and here's a problem for you: a cooled down car does not want to start. Starting current should occur at the moment the key is turned in the ignition switch, after which the starter is turned. But in the cold, the starter, like crazy, turns idly, and the flywheel does not cling. The driver starts to click the ignition, hoping to hook. But, the stronger the cold, the more these clicks. But each of them practically kills the battery. Sooner or later, he will simply refuse. To prevent this from happening, remember a few important nuances:

• The continuous rotation of the starter should be no more than 15 seconds.
• The break between attempts is at least a minute.
• Before turning on the ignition, warm up the car - turn on the headlights for 10 seconds.
• Fully depress the clutch to disengage the gearbox and engine. Then the starter will not turn the gears in a viscous oil that has thickened in the cold.

This is the only way you will make it easier to start the engine, and the battery life will not decrease.

6. Reliable fastening

There are plates inside the battery. The larger their active mass, the higher the capacity and ability to hold a charge. When shaking, the active mass begins to crumble - the capacity drops. To prevent this from happening, make sure the battery is securely fastened. Fasteners must be tightened to the maximum. And during the movement, even at full speed, no extra vibrations should occur - they shorten the life resource.

7. Recovery is the best prevention

Deep discharge is not allowed. After all, in this case, the electrolyte begins to exfoliate. An inevitable chemical reaction occurs - the acid splits into salt and water. Salt settles in a dense layer on the plates. And the remaining water cannot perform the necessary functions of energy supply. This unpleasant process is called sulfation - the deposition of salts. With the help of a high-quality charger, desulfation is carried out. Charging breaks salts with small short currents. Ideally, desulfation should be carried out not when the battery “almost died”, but periodically, for prevention.

As a preventive measure, so that the battery does not decompose into salts, it is necessary once a month recharge its a good charger, preferably pulsed (the so-called "smart" charging), using a low charging current - 1-2 Amperes. Also check the density and electrolyte level. It should not be below the edges of the plates, but 1 cm higher. The normal density is 1.28 g / cm3. If the indicator is much lower, salt deposition has begun.

The tips above are simple yet powerful. In addition to them, make it a rule, looking under the hood, to inspect the battery at once - at least outwardly. Its appearance will immediately tell you whether it is in order or already requires service. There should be no cracks, swellings, darkening of the insulation, smudges from cans on the case. If at least one of the listed signs has appeared, do not postpone treatment until later. Eliminate malfunctions in a timely manner - this is a guarantee that your battery will serve faithfully for several years.

Some lakes are distinguished by their depth, others by the beauty of the surrounding landscapes. Some are simply surrounded by shores, others are shores with wonderful vegetation, and still others are generally bizarre rocks. But among all types of lakes there are those that differ in the specific color of the water. We will tell about them.

10. Lake Laguna Verde

Laguna Verde is a salt lake located in the southwest of the High Plains of Bolivia. For those who know Spanish, the name of the lake already speaks for itself - in translation, the lake is called the Green Lagoon. This name appeared for a reason, the water here is really green. The lake is located at the foot of the Licancabur volcano, and the beautiful green hue of the water is caused by a variety of minerals and other substances, including copper.

Source: wikipedia.org

9. Lake Bande Amir in Afghanistan

This is a chain of 6 dark blue mountain lakes located high in the Hindu Kush mountains in central Afghanistan. In 2008 they became Afghanistan's first National Park. The lakes were formed by mineral-rich water that seeps through cracks in rocks and rocks. The reason for this shade of water just lies in the mineral-rich water.

Source: wikipedia.org

8. Lake Pukaki in New Zealand

The water of Lake Pukaki can be characterized by a separate, own color, calling it glacier blue. The colorful lake was formed by melting glaciers many years ago. The lake is replenished with melt water to this day. Well, a special color is achieved due to the microparticles contained in its water.

Source: wikipedia.org

7. Colorado Lagoon in Bolivia

Lake Laguna Colorado is located in Bolivia near the border with Chile. The reddish hue of the water depends on minerals, as well as algae that bloom at certain times of the year. This place is also a breeding ground for many species of flamingos, including rare ones.

Source: wikipedia.org

6. Colored lakes Kelimutu in Indonesia

Kelimutu lakes are one of the most beautiful colored lakes. Three lakes are located in the crater of the volcano, and each of them has its own color. The source of unique color combinations lies in the earth's crust and is known as fumaroles. The Colored Lakes are one of the most popular attractions on the island of Flores, attracting many tourists and explorers every year.

Source: wikipedia.org

5. Havasu Falls in the Grand Canyon

Havasu Canyon is part of the Grand Canyon and is home to the Havasupai tribe. This is one of the most remote places in America, the best way to get here is by helicopter or along the 13-kilometer horse trail. The most amazing place in Havasupai is colorful waterfalls and pools. Such a diverse color of water is caused by minerals, in particular calcium and magnesium.

Source: wikipedia.org

4. Glacial Lake Moraine in Canada

The amazing Moraine Lake was also formed as a result of the melting of glaciers. It is located in Banff National Park, in the valley of the Ten Peaks. The color of the water here is also caused by special particles contained in the melt water of glaciers. There are many tourist routes and trails around the lake, the only danger can be grizzly bears, which are found here quite often.