Where is Khotyn located? Khotyn city: street map, photo, description. Films shot in Khotyn

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Khotyn (Ukrainian: Khotin) is a city in the Chernivtsi region of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Khotyn region.

Story

Known since the 10th century. In the X-XI centuries. as part of Kievan Rus, in the 12th century. - Galician, from 1199 - Galician-Volyn principality. Since the 14th century Khotyn was at various times under the rule of the Principality of Moldova, Genoa, the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In May 1600, after the troops of the ruler of Wallachia and Transylvania, Mihai the Brave, captured Suceava, the ruler of Moldova, Jeremiah Movila, with his family (uncle of the future Kiev Metropolitan Peter Mogila), with his entourage and the former ruler of Transylvania Sigismund Batory (nephew of the Polish king Stefan Batory, to whom Khotyn the castle was granted ownership), found refuge in the Khotyn fortress, which at that time was under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In 1621, the Battle of Khotyn took place near Khotyn between the troops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. The Turks were defeated and abandoned further conquest of Europe.

In 1699, according to the Treaty of Karlowitz, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth transferred Khotyn to the Principality of Moldova.

In 1713, during the Northern War, Khotin was captured by the troops of the Ottoman Empire, taking the city from Moldova. Khotin remained Turkish for about a hundred years; it contained a powerful garrison. However, during the Russian-Turkish wars, Russian troops captured Khotin four times - in 1739, 1769, 1788 and 1807.

In 1812 it became part of the Russian Empire as part of the Bessarabia region (later the Bessarabia province).

In 1918, it was annexed to Romania along with the entire former Bessarabian province. In January 1919, the anti-Romanian Khotyn uprising broke out. On June 28, 1940 it became the regional center of the Ukrainian SSR.

Notable residents

Khotin in the history of Jewish literature

At the beginning of the 20th century, Khotyn was known as one of the main centers of Jewish literature in Bessarabia, second in level of literary life perhaps only to Lipkany of the same Khotyn district, which the poet Chaim Nakhmen Bialik nicknamed the “Bessarabian Olympus”. Writers and poets lived and began to create in the town:

In this surge of creative activity, Azriel Yanover played an important role, as a teacher of Jewish language and literature to several generations of Khotyn writers.

Films shot in Khotyn

• The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe
• In war as in war
• Taras Bulba" (2008)
• Lion's Tomb
• Viper
• Black arrow
• Robin Hood's arrows
• Mermaid
• D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers (video shots)
• Zakhar Berkut
• Old fortress

Khotin, 2015

Chernivtsi region

Khotyn as a separate city appeared at the turn of the 10th-11th centuries in Kievan Rus. It was part of the Galician principality, then the Galician-Volyn principality, and from the 14th century it periodically became the territory of Moldova, Turkey, Poland and Russia.

Khotin was an important fortress and trading point on the way from Poland to Turkey, so Jewish merchants often visited the city. The first mention of Jews in Khotyn is found in a letter from the Moldavian ruler Stefan Mare to Prince Alexander of Lithuania, written in 1497.

The castle built by the Turks became the most powerful fortification in the region. Today it is one of the main tourist attractions in Ukraine. Such films as “Zakhar Berkut”, “The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe”, “D’Artagnan and the Three Musketeers”, “Black Arrow”, “Arrows of Robin Hood”, “Taras Bulba” were filmed here.

In the 17th century, a Karaite community already existed here. During the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Cossacks captured the city, which was at that time under Polish rule. There is information that the Karaites suffered from pogroms at that time.

The first official information about the Jewish community dates back to 1741. The tax documents of the Principality of Moldova, a vassal to the Turks, for 1766 contain a lot of information about Jewish taxpayers. For example, it is stated that a man named Dov from the city of Oblucica (Turkish name for Khotina) contributed four large bags of cotton as a tax. In January 1766, a Jew nicknamed “The Wanderer” brought in six bags of coffee, a jug of perfume, and upholstery materials.

In 1756, Jacob Frank tried to find refuge in Khotin, declaring himself the Messiah. Khotyn at that time was an Ottoman border fortress, and the connection between Polish Jews and locals was quite strong. Soon, under the influence of “Polish” rabbis, persecution of sectarians began in Khotyn. After numerous complaints, the Turkish authorities deported Frank back to Polish territory, and in July 1759 he settled in Lvov.

In 1808, the size of the community already amounted to 340 families, which owned 216 households, and there was a synagogue. The main occupation of the Jews was trade and rental of small enterprises - mills, oil mills, etc.

After Bessarabia became part of the Russian Empire, its entire population was freed from conscription, which also applied to Jews. Naturally, this contributed to the influx of Jewish population from other areas of the empire. In 1847, 1,067 Jewish families already lived in Khotyn; by the end of the 1860s, the total number of Jews reached 7 thousand. A state-owned Jewish school, a private Jewish girls' school, and a Jewish hospital opened in the city. In 1861, a new building of the Great Synagogue was erected.

In Khotyn there were 2 districts in which Jews lived compactly. In the lower part near the river there was an area of ​​poverty. The houses here were so crowded that, according to stories, one could walk around the entire Old Town on their roofs. Local residents ironically called their area “a foretaste of Istanbul.”

Richer people lived in the Upper Town: merchants, owners of large real estate and enterprises. Abram Peisakh and Leib Miller owned a distillery, Shaya-Srul-Leib Stefanesko owned a sawmill, Boruch Feldman and Abram-Moishe Sheinberg owned tobacco. All 4 breweries also belonged to Jewish owners: Leib Bucharestsky, Srul Vainboim, Mordko Kostanchi and Sura Bronstein. Meer Landwiger owned the only printing house. Dozens of Jews found work in all these enterprises.
Large and medium-sized traders practiced “outbound” trade: on market days they traveled with their goods to nearby villages in carts. In the city itself, in 1902, they owned 5 out of 6 grocery stores, all 5 manufacturing stores, both egg stores. The owner of the only hotel was Shulim Shapelman, and the owner of the watch workshop was Faivish-Moshko Shneiderman.

In addition to the city itself, several enterprises in Khotyn district also had Jewish owners: a gypsum and furniture factory, one of 6 mills, and a distillery. Almost all small trade was concentrated in Jewish hands.

The city had a Jewish hospital, a nursing home, and the Eternal Light charitable society, which was subsidized by the local Chevra Kadisha, and a Jewish bank. There was a Talmud Torah and a girls' school, which in 1872 was attended by 50 students. Many Jewish children went to general public school. In 1898, the authorities opened a general school, which was initially intended only for Christian children. Representatives of the Jewish community sent a letter to the city administration asking that Jewish children be allowed to attend this school. The request was granted, and 52 Jewish students (out of 101 in total) entered the school. Every summer, the community, with the support of the Joint, organized camps for children from low-income families.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Eternal Light charitable society built a new building in the city center. It housed a synagogue, school, library, and concert hall. Pupils from poor families were given clothes and textbooks free of charge.

In 1910, 9,132 Jews lived in Khotyn - 43.2% of the city's total population.

In 1917, a secular Jewish community was officially formed in the city, the first of its kind in Bessarabia.

In 1918, Khotyn fell under Romanian rule. The economic situation of the Jews deteriorated even further, since the main trade relations were established with other regions of the Russian Empire, mainly with Podolia. After Bessarabia and Podolia were separated by the state border of Romania and the USSR, these ties were almost completely severed.
During the Romanian period, the Tarbut school with Hebrew instruction was opened in Khotyn, and the public library named after Chaim Nachman Bialik is one of the best libraries in Bessarabia. The chairman of the Jewish community was Michael Shor, a former member of the Romanian parliament.

In 1925, tzaddik Mordechai Israel Tverskoy, a representative of the famous Chernobyl Hasidic dynasty, settled in Khotyn.
In 1930, the Jewish population of Khotyn numbered 5,785 people.

In 1940, Khotyn was occupied by Soviet troops. The confiscation of private property began, all Jews lost their businesses.
On the night of July 13, a large-scale raid on “enemies of the people” began. These included those associated with Romanian political parties (except, of course, the communists), government officials, wealthy citizens, journalists, and Zionist activists. Each such family was visited at night by a group of 3 people, which included a member of the Communist Party (often a Jew) and a policeman or soldier. The “enemies” were ordered to quickly get dressed, take food for 3 days and hand over their keys and documents. They were taken by truck to the police station, and in the morning they were taken to the Nova Sulica railway station. After keeping people in freight cars for a day, they were divided into two groups. The first included all Zionists, politicians and former government officials. They were sent to a special camp, and most subsequently died. The rest were deported to Siberia.

Gradually all banks, shops, community institutions and synagogues were closed. Zionist organizations were subjected to special persecution. A special committee was created that demanded the return of all funding allocated by the Jewish community for Zionist organizations over the past few years - 126,000 lei. The amount was paid by several families in the hope that it would save them from deportation.

In June 1941, war began between Germany and the Soviet Union. The youth were drafted into the Red Army. From the first days, Khotyn became the target of German bombing, during which the Jewish quarter was completely destroyed. Many Jews tried to evacuate deeper into the USSR, but the only bridge across the Dniester was guarded by Red Army soldiers who did not let anyone through. The city was filled with refugees from Bukovina and Northern Bessarabia. Some Jews managed to cross the Dniester via a temporary bridge in the village of Ataki, located near Khotyn. They headed to Kamenets-Podolsky, but were unable to advance further due to opposition from the Soviet authorities. Almost all of them were subsequently killed by the Nazis.

On July 7, 1941, Khotyn was occupied by Romanian troops. About 50 Jews were killed immediately. The rest were placed in surviving houses - 5-10 families in each. Some hid in basements or with Christian friends in different parts of the city and in surrounding villages.

Soon the entire Jewish population of the city was gathered for registration in the premises of the former gymnasium, where they were kept for several days without food or water. Every night, soldiers took young girls from the premises; they never came back. Then about two thousand people of the Jewish intelligentsia were selected - teachers, lawyers, doctors, rabbis, shoikhets. Many who did not fall into these categories also tried to get into the selected group in the hope that they would be given an easier job. Two hours after the selection, they were all taken to the Jewish cemetery and shot. Among those killed were tzaddik Mordechai Tverskoy and his son Aaron.

On the night of July 7–8, the Einsatzkommando took 150 “Jewish communists” out of the city and shot them. About 180 more Jews hiding in the city were found or handed over by local residents, and they were also shot.
The remaining Jews were sent to forced labor: cleaning streets, clearing rubble, making repairs, and delivering lumber for the construction of a bridge.
On August 1, 1941, at night, all the Jews were taken to the central square, placed on carts and taken to the city of Sokiryany, where a camp was set up for the Jews of the Khotyn region. About 500 people were killed along the way, and approximately 3,800 Jews reached their destination. In the fall, all prisoners from Sokiryan were deported to camps in Transnistria.

In September 1941, there were 559 Jews left in Khotyn, living in an open ghetto. Within a month they were also deported to Transnistria. By special order of the governor, 20 families of “specialists” were left in the city.
Of all the deportees, only about 300 people survived.

Khotyn is a city of military glory and a witness to historical events since the times of Kievan Rus. During its existence, the town was part of various states, was a military outpost and stronghold to repel invasions, a smuggling point and a set for various films. A small regional center on the banks of the Dniester is a real treasure for lovers of traveling through beautiful nature, lovers of castle architecture, and fans of spectacular festivals. Even despite its small size, the city gives incredible impressions and a lot of fun to tourists.

Geography

Khotyn is located on a hilly area on the banks of the Dniester River. The Carpathian Mountains are located nearby, and the terrain is quite rugged with small tributaries of the river, the Dniester bed, and small ridges. The nature of Khotyn is one of the reasons for traveling to this city, since the area has preserved many relict forests and beautiful landscapes. Khotyn is conveniently located in the middle of the route from Chernivtsi to Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky and is located right on the border of the two regions. Since the town is a regional center with a population of just over 11 thousand people, there is no administrative division within it - only small historically established zones. Khotyn is located in the UTC+2 time zone, and in the summer UTC+3 in relation to the prime meridian, like the whole of Ukraine, and therefore the time here is Kiev.

Climate

The city is located quite far from the sea and at a high altitude, so a temperate continental climate prevails here with weather characteristics typical of mountainous terrain. On the one hand, from the west, the Carpathians protect Bukovina from air masses from Europe, but on the other hand, the region is exposed to winds from the north and east. Winter in Khotyn is pleasant and comfortable - the thermometer rarely drops below -8-10°C, precipitation is mainly in the form of snow, which makes the city attractive for skiers and hikers. Spring in Khotyn comes with gradual warming and rare frosts. Usually at this time the Dniester floods and the water level rises, but this is not critical for the city, since it is located on a hill. The summer period in Khotyn is hot, with little precipitation; there are periods of heat lasting up to several weeks, but the proximity of a large river slightly weakens the sensations. The average temperature in summer is between +18-23°C. Autumn in Khotyn is pleasant and comfortable. The air temperature decreases gradually, and at the end of October and November faster. Until mid-October, the weather is warm with little precipitation and a not very large difference between day and night temperatures.

Story

Initially, Khotyn was a small wooden fortress, which was built by the Eastern Slavs. The fortress served as protection for the Slavs from numerous conquests. Near the fortress there was an unfortified village, which gradually turned into a large settlement. In the 10th century, Prince Vladimir annexed this settlement to the Principality of Kyiv, and in 1199 it became part of the Galicia-Volyn Principality. The famous Battle of Khotyn in 1621 marked one of the heydays of the city, when Polish troops crushed the army of the Ottoman Empire, stopping its expansion into the northern and western lands. In 1699, the city and the entire region became part of the Principality of Moldova. In 1713 it became one of the most powerful outposts of the Ottoman Empire, which it remained for more than a hundred years. The ruins of a mosque near the fortress speak eloquently about this period. After the Russian-Turkish wars and the partitions of Poland, Khotyn became part of the Russian Empire in 1812 and became part of Bessarabia. Being a border town, it held an important place in trade as well as in the smuggling of various goods. In the 20th century, after the collapse of the empire, Khotyn was captured by Romania, where it remained until the end of World War II, when it became part of the Ukrainian SSR along with the Chernivtsi region. In modern years, the city began to develop tourism and attract investment in the service sector. Khotyn is definitely included in most routes for travelers along the Carpathians and the Carpathian Mountains.

Sights of Khotyn

• The main attraction of the city is the Khotyn fortress of the 13-18 centuries. This structure was built on the site of early Slavic fortifications by order of Prince Danila of Galitsky himself. The citadel (castle) consists of the commandant's palace, four defense towers, a church with fragments of 16th-century paintings and officer barracks. The Khotyn fortress was for a long time an “outpost” of the Galicia-Volyn principality and a defense point of Transnistria. During the Crimean War, the fortress ceased to be a military facility, but the building was well preserved. Currently, on the territory of the fortress there is a State Historical and Architectural Reserve - “Khotyn Fortress”, which is one of the seven wonders of Ukraine. Celebrations of Cossack valor are held on the territory of the fortress. The walls of the fortress were the scenery in many famous films, such as: “The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe”, “Zakhar Berkut”, “Arrows of Robin Hood”, “Dartagnan and the Three Musketeers”, “Taras Bulba”. Restoration was carried out in the Khotyn fortress, and a museum exhibition was opened in the building where the barracks were located. There is a souvenir shop and cafe on the territory of the fortress. In order to get to the Khotyn fortress, you need to cross the bridge, which is thrown over a rather deep ditch. There are many legends about this bridge.
• To the left of the Khotyn fortress, on the corner of Repin Street, is the oldest and most outstanding building in the city - the Khotyn customs house. Until the entry of the Chernivtsi region into the USSR, Khotyn was a border town with its own customs office. The structure is a building with thick walls made of rough stone. It is decorated with red brick ornaments. The building was built in the 17th and 18th centuries.
• At the intersection of Olimpiyskaya and Nezavisimosti streets there is a one-story building with a red tile roof and a gallery to the right of the entrance - this is a former lawyer’s villa, which was built in 1930. It was made with elements of the “neobrinkovianu” style, popular during the interwar period. Currently, this building belongs to the Greek Catholic community of the city.

• The attractions of Khotyn include the former city theater, which is located on Independence Street, 42. The two-story building was built in the neo-Brinkovianu style in 1934. Today the building houses a home for children and youth.

Events and festivals

Khotyn, as one of the historical centers of Ukraine, constantly participates in various events of one kind or another. Most often, tourists who visit Chernivtsi and Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky come to the city. This, by the way, is one of the most popular tours in Ukraine. There are only two major events held directly in the city, which are organized in the Khotyn fortress:

• in May the Medieval Khotyn is held - an annual costume festival dedicated to the medieval history of the fortress and the city. Within its framework, processions, staged fights and battles, fairs, treats, and theatrical events take place. At the same time, the most different stages of the history of the fortress are recreated;
• The Battle of the Nations is another massive festival dedicated to various sports games, military maneuvers, and reconstruction of various events. Often this action takes on the same scale as knightly tournaments.

In Khotyn itself, which has a rather rich history, various events dedicated to certain outstanding people are periodically organized - the Moldovan and Romanian diaspora, Jewish public organizations, Ukrainian artistic and historical associations are involved here. Before your trip, it is better to find out more about the schedules, as they change every year.

Restaurants and cafes

The city has many public catering places scattered throughout the territory and along the highway, which will allow tourists to taste national Ukrainian, Romanian, and Moldavian cuisine for very little money. In addition, Khotyn serves pizza, sushi, and traditional dishes from the menus of regular restaurants and cafes. In addition, there is a kind of fast food, which is represented by various dishes from different cuisines of the world - here there are pies with dumplings, kebabs, khachapuri, pasties, burgers and other dishes that allow you to quickly and satisfyingly eat. Every gastro tourist should remember that the portions in local establishments are quite large.

Shopping

Souvenirs in the city are sold in several places, most of them near the Khotyn fortress and in the most crowded places. In addition to gigabytes of interesting photos and videos, you can bring from Khotyn magnets with various views of the fortress, the Border Outpost, local churches, images of local famous people, including Hetman Sagaidachny. In addition to magnets, Khotyn sells various souvenirs made of ceramics - mugs, plates, figurines. During festivals there is a larger assortment, but even what is available is not sold anywhere else in Ukraine. It is worth paying attention to local embroidered shirts, which are distinguished by their special flavor and bright colors.

How to get to Khotin?

The remoteness and rather hidden location of Khotin has led to the fact that it is possible to get there only with several transfers. The easiest way to get to remote Bukovina is by train through Kyiv, Odessa, Kharkov, Zaporozhye. You need to go to Chernivtsi or Khmelnitsky, or to Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky (there is also such a train). There are regular transit and targeted flights from these large cities, making it quite easy to get to Khotyn. Buses depart from the railway station and bus station. Khotyn is also easy to reach by car, as it is located on one of the main Ukrainian highways - Zhytomyr-Khmelnitsky-Chernivtsi. The condition of the road is good, and the signs will not allow even those who are not familiar with the area to get lost.

Transport

Khotyn does not have its own public transport; it is served by passing buses and minibuses heading to Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky and Chernivtsi. At the same time, internal movement is carried out mainly on foot, since all interesting places, cafes and hotels are located very compactly. There are taxis in the town, but there are not many of them and they are all private, the fare of which is not regulated by anyone. There is no railway transport in Khotyn. It is better to rent a car in Khmelnitsky or Chernivtsi, and then come to Khotyn itself, fortunately the distance is not so long and the roads are good.

Accommodation

In Khotyn itself there are three hotels with a fairly good level of service - “Olympus”, “Khotyn”, “Fortetsya” (“Fortress”). They are located in the city and it is not a long walk from them to the main attractions. There is an option to rent housing from local residents, but you need to remember that the bulk of the city’s buildings are one-story, and therefore you will have to live in a private house with different levels of amenities. Many tourists rent accommodation in Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky or Chernivtsi, and go on excursions to Khotyn. This approach helps to cover more than one city per trip, as well as live in a place where there is much more entertainment than in Khotyn.

Connection

All major Ukrainian mobile operators operate in Khotyn - Vodafone, Lifecell, Kyivstar, and they also provide mobile Internet coverage throughout the city. The call quality is good and the connection has a lot of traffic. Most public catering establishments, hotels and small entertainment centers are equipped with wireless Internet, which is most often provided free of charge. City and long-distance communications are provided by landline telephones, which are available at the post office, local authorities, and some public facilities.

1. The best time to vacation in the city of Khotyn with children is from April 29 to May 2. At this time, the city hosts an international historical festival called “Medieval Khotyn”. Here you can see medieval battles carried out by fighters from historical reconstruction clubs in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Poland, the Baltic states and Moldova. The festival program includes a shooting tournament, battles, a joster tournament, an exhibition of armor and costumes from different eras and regions, and an exhibition of authentic weapons. If desired, you can purchase armor, weapons or other items of medieval life as souvenirs, as well as other various thematic souvenirs.
2. The national currency of the city is the hryvnia. Currency exchange can be done at exchange offices or at any bank. You can withdraw money using ATMs, which are located in sufficient quantities in the city.
3. It is worth visiting the art gallery in the Khotyn fortress, where oil paintings painted in 1957 are displayed. It is prohibited to photograph the paintings. And in the basement of the fortress you can visit the museum of siege weapons; photographs are also not allowed. Guide services are provided here.
5. There is a parking lot on the territory of the fortress complex. At this parking lot and at the reserve's ticket office you can purchase literature and souvenirs.

Khotyn on the map, panorama

From the 10th to the 11th centuries, the city was part of Kievan Rus; in the 12th century it became the property of the Galicia-Volyn principality. Starting from the 14th century, the settlement passed from hand to hand, first by the Moldavian ruler, then by Genoa, the Turks and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In the late spring of 1600, the ruler of Moldova Movila and his family were forced to hide in Khotyn Castle after an attack by the ruler of Transylvania and Wallachia, Mihai the Brave. At that time, Khotyn was under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1621, a grandiose battle took place near Khotyn between the Turks and the Polish army. As a result of fierce battles, the army of the Ottoman Empire was defeated. This ended her conquest of the lands of Europe for this period.

In 1699, Khotin, as a result of the peace treaty, came into the possession of the Moldavian principality. Following the outbreak of the Northern War in 1713, Khotyn was conquered by the Turks, who would rule the city for almost a century. After several Russian-Turkish wars in 1812, Khotyn came into the possession of the Russian state and became part of the Bessarabia region, later a province. In the winter of 1919, an uprising against the Romanians broke out in the city. In the summer of 1940, Khotyn, as a result of the annexation of Bessarabia to the Soviet Union, became a small regional center of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic.

Attractions

The city's attractions include the princely palace, built in the 15th century, a chapel dating back to the 15th century, and the Khotyn fortress, built in the 13th-15th centuries. Currently, the fortress is a museum complex, which includes: the commandant's palace, a church, and four defensive towers. The church building still has some elements of painting dating back to the 16th century. It was on the territory of the majestic and powerful fortress that some historical films were filmed. Among them, the most famous are “The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe”, “Arrows of Robin Hood”, “Taras Bulba” and others.

11,216 people

Story

In the 10th-11th centuries as part of Kievan Rus, in the 12th century - Galician, from 1199 - Galician-Volyn principality. Since the 14th century, Khotyn has been at various times under the rule of the Principality of Moldova, Genoa, the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Mentioned in the chronicle “List of Russian cities near and far” (late 14th century).

Since then it has been transferred to the Russian Empire as part of the Bessarabia region (later the Bessarabia province).

According to the 1897 census, 18,398 people lived in the city, Jews - 9,210, Russians - 4,676, Ukrainians - 3,974, Poles - 427.

Attractions

Khotyn fortress (XIII-XV centuries), princely palace (XV century), chapel (XV century). Since 2012, the international festival of historical reconstruction of the Middle Ages, Medieval Khotyn, has been taking place on the territory of the fortress.

"Ode to the Capture of Khotin"

In connection with the capture of Khotin on August 19, M. V. Lomonosov in Germany wrote “Ode of blessed memory to Empress Anna Ioannovna for the victory over the Turks and Tatars and for the capture of Khotin in 1739” - one of the first poetic works of Russian literature, which laid the foundations of the syllabus. tonic verse, which found its most complete and perfect expression in the works of Pushkin.

Khotin in the history of Jewish literature

At the beginning of the 20th century, Khotyn was known as one of the main centers of Jewish literature in Bessarabia, second in level of literary life perhaps only to Lipkany of the same Khotyn district, which the poet Chaim Nakhmen Bialik nicknamed the “Bessarabian Olympus”. Writers and poets lived and began to create in the town:

• Leiser-Douvid Rosenthal(1856, Khotyn - 1932, Odessa) - from 1861 he lived in Telenesti, in 1918-19 in Teplik (Podolia), then in Odessa, published from the 1880s in the collections of M. Spector “Hoise-fraind” ( Friend at home), newspapers "Der Yud" ( Jew), "Dos Labm" ( Life), “Moment”, in 1904 he published a series of translations in five issues under the Odessa newspaper “Dos Labm” (Maxim Gorky, A.P. Chekhov, Bret Harte), published documentary material about pogroms during the Civil War in Ukraine (in Hebrew in 1927-31, then in Yiddish)
• Gdalje Lipiner(1876-1933) - fabulist, author of children's poems and educator
• Shopse Lerner(1879-1913), taught in Balti, author of songs, poems, plays, translations from Russian and German, books “Yn Dar Framd” ( In a foreign land) and “Di Yiddishe Torbe” ( Jewish bag);
• Srul Goikhberg, active in Boston and New York
• Einekh Akkerman (1901-1970), born in neighboring Malintsy, made his debut in the Chisinau magazine “Der Morgn” ( Morning) and in 1920 he left for New York, where he published under the name “A Molenitzer” ( From Malinets) and where he published the poetry collection “Reflex” ( Reflexes, 1932);
• Gershn Kirzhner(1905-?), whose poetry collection “Haint Un Morgn” ( Today and tomorrow) was published in Chernivtsi in 1935
• Rivke Roizenblatt, who collected more than 2 thousand folk songs
• Simhe Melamed, who published his first book “Leader Un Därzeilungen” ( Poems and stories) already in the USA in 1923
• killed at the front Mandele Nerman, who published poetry in the Chisinau daily newspaper Undzer Zeit ( Nowadays)
• author of several books of poetry Froyem Roitman
• later Walloon French-speaking poetess Helen Gitelman
• novelist Moishe Gitsis
• prose writer Ele Lipiner and others.

In this surge of creative activity, Azriel Yanover played an important role, as a teacher of Jewish language and literature to several generations of Khotyn writers.

Natives

• Grigory Ivanovich Kolpakchi - French Egyptologist and mystic, son of the doctor of the Khotyn city hospital Ivan Markovich (Iona Mordkovich) Kolpakchi (1857-1909).
• Sergei Ivanovich Kravchenko is the mayor of Lugansk.
• Bernard Rosenquit - artist and graphic artist.
• Victor Yulievich Rosenzweig - Soviet linguist in the field of translation theory; His sister, intelligence officer Elizaveta Yulievna Zarubina (Liza Ioelevna Rosenzweig), also grew up in the city.
• Alexander Khunovich Trakhtenberg is a Russian oncologist surgeon.

Notable residents

• Amphilochius of Khotyn - Moldavian educator and theologian, bishop of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, headed the Khotyn diocese in 1768-1770.
• Kolchak Pasha, Ilias - Khotyn Pasha under Sultans Ahmed III and Mahmud I.
• Karadjordje (-) - Ruler of Serbia, first Serbian king.

Films shot in Khotyn

• D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers (video shots)

see also

• The Miklescu family is an old Moldovan family.
• Khotyn Border Guard Brigade Separate Border Guard Corps.

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Notes

Literature

• Khotyn district zemstvo government: reports, reports, estimates. - Khotyn, 1872-1915;
• Ermolinsky K.N. Obkhor of the Khotyn district in agricultural terms for 1887 - M., 1888;
• Charter of the Khotyn Noble Assembly. - Khotin, 1912.

Links

• (Russian)
• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.