Tourism centers in Asia countries. Tourism in Asia. The most exotic countries in Asia

How different she is, a neighbor of Europe! Singapore and Thailand, China and the Philippines, the coasts of Thailand and the splendor of the architectural monuments of Cambodia - all this moved with unusually interesting traditions, peculiar weather conditions and local color that differed from region to region. This is South Asia and not to visit here means not to fully understand how the world works after all.

Today, many tourist centers in Asia are available to our tourists - every year they attract many people who are interested in eastern countries and cultures or who just want to relax. The offered various conditions of placement dispose both to the first, and to the second variant.

Cities of China

Seeing Shanghai and Beijing, you begin to understand how all the achievements of modern civilization can be intertwined with the historical heritage. Skyscrapers, the ancient city of Zhujiajiao and the Shanghai TV Tower, the Imperial Palace of Beijing and Tiananmen Square - everything here seems to be created for tourists. Those who wish to get to know China more deeply can go to Guilin, enjoying the beauty of rivers and rocks. This is a family resort where it is good to just relax, while at the same time learning the most interesting local traditions.
The famous Silk Road began in Xian, and therefore it is also worth going there. The city is more than three thousand years old, for more than a thousand of them it was the capital. It is here that you can look at the "Eighth Wonder of the World" - terracotta warriors.

Hainan

The famous Chinese tropical island offers a wide variety of entertainment, combined with magnificent beaches and warm seas. Strict eco-control is established here, therefore both the air and water are much cleaner than in other resorts of the region, sandy beaches stretch for kilometers, and a network of picturesque tourist routes has been laid through the mountainous area. Ideal high-speed roads lead to the coast, and local hotels are literally buried in greenery.

Thailand

Traveling to Thailand has become especially popular among our countrymen. Here, like nowhere else, you can enjoy a beach holiday - the appropriate infrastructure has been created for this. Phuket, Koh Samui, Pattaya, Krabi province, Chang are ready to provide everything for you to enjoy relaxation to the fullest.

But Thailand is not only beaches, but also park complexes, a huge number of temples and generally exotic. For those who want to get acquainted with the history of the country, it is better to go to its capital - Bangkok. Here is the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, and many other monuments of interest to tourists.

The fusion of Chinese and Indian traditions makes Thailand unique and mysterious. At the same time, all this splendor is available for tourists!

We invite you on a great journey through the five countries of Southeast Asia: China, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the "state within the state" - Hong Kong. A tour full of interesting excursions with a beach holiday on the picturesque islands of Bali and Borneo will delight tourists who prefer to combine relaxation on beautiful beaches with immersion in ancient history and impressive architecture. As part of the program, you will appreciate the beauty of Senado Square with its stone mosaic depicting waves in Macau, visit the Kota Kinabalu National Park, climb Victoria Peak in Hong Kong, take pictures against the backdrop of the "crystal" Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, explore the beauty Bali islands and learn the history of the symbol of Singapore - the Merlion. Airfare is included in the tour price!

Five countries in Southeast Asia

Tour duration: 16 days / 15 nights.

Tour itinerary: Hong Kong (2 nights) - Macau (1 night) - Kota Kinabalu (4 nights) - Kuala Lumpur (1 night) - Bali (3 nights) - Singapore (2 nights).

Arrival dates in 2018: upon request.

The cost of the program per person from $ 3600

Included in cost:

• international flights:
• four domestic flights on the route;
• accommodation in hotels of the selected category according to the program;
• meals according to the program;
• transfers according to the program;
• excursions according to the program;
• services of an English-speaking guide.

Additionally paid:

• medical insurance ($20);
• meals and drinks not included in the price of the program;
• optional excursions (upon prior request);
• Singapore e-visa (recommended, cost - $50);
• personal and other expenses not included in the tour price.

Singapore

Tour program

Day 1. Hong Kong

Departure from Moscow Domodedovo Airport at 12:35 by Etihad Airways. Arrival in Abu Dhabi at 18:55. Transfer to another flight and departure to Hong Kong at 21:55.

Day 2. Hong Kong - Macau

Arrival in Hong Kong - the largest administrative center of China. Transfer to the pier, accommodation on the ferry and departure at 12:00. In an hour you will arrive in Macau - an open port and a major financial center of the Celestial Empire, famous for its casinos, gambling houses, hippodrome and nightclubs. But it is not only the capital of excitement. Macau is a former Portuguese colony. The picturesque center of the era of Portuguese rule reflects the clash of European and Chinese cultures and values.

Passage of migration control. Transfer to the selected hotel, accommodation in the room. At 15:00, a tour of Macau will begin. You will visit Senado square with stone mosaic depicting waves, Ruins of St. Paul's Church And Fort Monte and you will also see Wynn Casino with its famous light and music fountains, the "golden tree" and fire-water show. In addition, on this day you can hear the singing of gondoliers and ride the Venetian gondolas in complex "Venice".

The tour ends at 19:00. If you wish and for a fee, you can visit a unique show in House of dancing water - "The House of Dancing Water"».

Show ticket prices:

Performances take place on Monday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Show starts at 17:00 and 20:00.

Day 3. Macau - Hong Kong

Breakfast, check out, transfer to the pier and departure to Hong Kong at 12:00 (travel time - 1 hour). Transfer to the hotel, accommodation.

At 14:30, a study tour of Hong Kong will begin (duration - 4 hours). You will have the opportunity to climb the famous Victoria Peak- the highest point of the island. Since its inception in 1888, the funicular has taken tourists up a steep 373-meter-high mountainside, on the way to which, during the seven-minute ascent, travelers can enjoy breathtaking views of the port of Hong Kong and the outlines of skyscrapers against the sky.

In addition, you will see the old Cathedral, walk along street queens road and see several thousand Chinese vases on an old antique Hollywood Road, discuss with the guide the features of the local cuisine.

The tour ends at 18:30. Its format: by bus to Victoria Peak, climb to SKY TERRACE, descend to Peak Three, walk to Sheng Wan (via the Cathedral, Man Mo Temple and Antique Street), transfer by double-decker tram to IFC).

Day 4. Hong Kong

Breakfast, free time for independent walks. If desired, and for an additional fee, you can go on optional excursions.

Hong Kong, China

Day 5. Hong Kong - Kota Kinabalu

Breakfast at the hotel, transfer to the airport, departure at 9:55 am on an Air Asia flight to the island of Borneo. Arrival in the capital of the Malaysian state of Sabah - Kota Kinabalu. Accommodation at the hotel, free time and rest.

Day 6. Kota Kinabalu

After breakfast at the hotel, you will have an excursion to Kota Kinabalu National Park with a visit to hot springs accompanied by a Russian-speaking guide (duration - 8 hours, lunch included).

You will drive along a picturesque road winding along rice fields, colorful local villages and endless valleys. Don't miss the opportunity to cross the longest rope bridge in the state of Sabah, suspended 50 meters above the ground in the upper tiers of the rainforest. You will reach the park located at the foot of mountains kinabalu(its height above sea level is 4095 meters). Walk through the mountain garden and the jungle, where you will see more than 1000 species of plants, including Rafflesia - world-famous and very rare carnivorous flowers.

After lunch, you will dive into hot springs known for their health-improving properties. Rest and bathing in the springs among the picturesque nature. Return to the hotel.

Days 7-8. Kota Kinabalu

Tomorrow, free time, beach vacation. On the 8th day, if you wish and for a fee, you can go on an optional excursion to Lok Kawi Wildlife Park(duration - 4 hours, accompanied by a Russian-speaking guide").

Day 9. Kota Kinabalu - Kuala Lumpur

Breakfast at the hotel, free time for independent walks. Release of the number. You can check your luggage in the luggage room before transfer to the airport.

Departure at 18:55 with an Air Asia flight. Arrival at 21:25 in the capital of Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur. Transfer to the hotel, accommodation in the room.

Day 10. Kuala Lumpur - Bali island

Breakfast at the hotel complex, check out of the room. Introductory tour of the city, accompanied by a Russian-speaking guide (duration - 6 hours, lunch included).

You will visit the central square and see Palace of Sultan Abdul Samat, you will pass through the old quarters of the city, you will see Masjid Negara Mosque with a 75-meter minaret and a star-shaped roof, see chinese temple with a source of living water and a Buddha garden, climb to a 270-meter observation deck TV towers and, of course, take pictures against the background of "crystal" Petronas Twin Towers.

Palace of Sultan Abdul Samat, Malaysia

visit batu caves located near Kuala Lumpur, in limestone cliffs covered with dense tropical vegetation. For millions of years, water has been sharpening stone here to create beautiful and amazing natural monuments. You will go up the two hundred and seventy-two stairs to the entrance to the caves. This unique pilgrimage is regularly performed here by Indians. Inside and outside the caves are some of the most beautiful Hindu temples in Malaysia.

Transfer to the airport, departure at 17:55 to Denpasar by Air Asia flight. Arrival at 20:55, transfer to the hotel, accommodation and rest.

Day 11 Bali

Breakfast at the hotel and a sightseeing tour of the island of Bali, accompanied by a Russian-speaking guide (lunch included). Every corner of the resort seems to be saturated with an oriental and festive atmosphere. Its tropical forests and majestic volcanoes, magnificent beaches and unique ancient temples amaze the imagination.

Traveling across the island, you will reach UNESCO Global Geopark in the Kintamani region, where the Batur volcano and the lake of the same name located in its crater are located. On the way, you will visit colorful local villages and get acquainted with the types of crafts popular on the island - silver jewelry making, batik production and woodcarving. Visiting the temple, visiting the house of local residents and visiting the rice terraces.

You will also visit a garden where coffee, cocoa, vanilla and pineapples are grown. Here you can taste freshly roasted and brewed coffee or cocoa and, if you wish, purchase several packages.

After lunch you will go to Bird and Reptile Park. It is located between the resorts of Ubud and Kuta and covers an area of ​​​​2 hectares. It is an impressive tropical forest with beautiful exotic gardens and almost invisible aviaries. In the park you can meet Balinese starlings and parrots, Australian cockatoos and African crowned cranes, admire Tanzanian flamingos, communicate with South American macaws, watch pelicans and funny hornbills, as well as see rare cassowaries and beautiful birds of paradise.

Later - inspection reptile park where crocodiles, snakes and lizards live. Some species of turtles, iguanas and lizards even allow themselves to be picked up for a photo.

Day 12 Bali

Breakfast in the hotel. Free time for independent exploration of the island and beach holidays. Vacations in these places will please even the most sophisticated travelers and will be remembered for a long time. The island has an excellent infrastructure: cruises on motor ships are constantly arranged here, and at night there are many cafes and discos. In addition, Bali has all the conditions for active water sports, including kitesurfing and diving.

If desired, and for a fee, you can go on additional excursions:

• Visit to the temple located on the island of Java complex Borobudur And hindu temple prambanan(with lunch, accompanied by a Russian-speaking guide).
• Journey through the most mysterious places of the island - "Ancient Bali" - with a tour elephant cave, ancient temple with healing springs - Tirta Empul, Gunung Kawi archaeological site(lunch included, duration - the whole day, accompanied by an English-speaking guide).

Prambanan temple complex, Indonesia

Day 13. Bali - Singapore

Airport transfer. Departure at 6:10 to Singapore by Air Asia flight, arrival at 8:55.

At 10:00 a sightseeing tour of Singapore with a Russian-speaking guide will begin (duration - 3.5 hours). You will visit the colonial part of the city, see the historical Padang Square,buildings of the Parliament and the Supreme Court. They have a high historical and architectural value and were built at the beginning of the last century. Afterwards, you will take a walk next to the old Queen Victoria Theater, admire the majestic cathedral Cathedral of Saint Andrew and see the oldest hotel in the city - Raffles. You will learn a lot of interesting things about the history of the creation of a small state, which is often called the "city of the lion", and also hear the history of Merlion the symbol of Singapore.

Then you will go to the business center of the city to appreciate the architectural masterpieces of the latest era: Explanade concert hall, Ruffles Place skyscrapers and also the famous complex Marina Bay Sands. Then, once in Singapore Chinatown, You will be transported to a colorful Chinatown with a unique oriental atmosphere and two-story shophouses. You will visit one of the local temples, which will amaze you with an incredible variety of colors and a large number of statues of various gods scattered throughout the building.

After - a visit to gem factory, where you will see a unique gallery of paintings made by hand from semi-precious stones, and learn all the subtleties of their manufacturing technology. The tour ends with a visit botanical garden, which strikes with the variety of forms of tropical flora and fauna presented here. You will visit amazingly beautiful orchid garden, where, in particular, the national flower of Singapore grows. The last stop along the route is the central street of Singapore Orchard Road where shops and restaurants are located. This is a real paradise for the buyer, where you can find almost any product.

Day 14 Singapore

Breakfast in the hotel. Free day for independent walks.

If desired, and for a fee, you can go on additional excursions (must be booked in advance):

• Journey to Sentosa Island, accompanied by a Russian-speaking guide. Duration - 4 hours.
• Visit to the Singapore Zoo. Duration - 3.5 hours.
• Walk through the gardens by the bay. Duration - 3.5 hours.

Day 15. Singapore - Abu Dhabi

Breakfast at the hotel, free time to explore the city on your own and buy souvenirs for family and friends. Release of the room, transfer to the airport. Departure to Abu Dhabi at 20:05, arrival at 23:35.

Asia is islands, temples, a colorful kaleidoscope of exotic fruits, kindly painted elephants, fussy and smart monkeys, the sea, the sun, palm trees ... In general, Asia is a whole philosophy, time flows smoothly, nothing passes without a trace, everything is reborn and flows into each other into a friend. Do you want to visit the most beautiful places in Asia? Then here are 10 countries for you, visiting which you will no longer be able to live as before.

1. Thailand

This country has won the laurels of the most popular resort destination for our compatriots. It has everything: a lazy beach holiday, interesting excursions, picturesque nature, a rich nightlife with parties, cocktails and Thai spices (well, you understand what we mean). There are so many resorts here that you can go to a new one every year. Pattaya, Phuket and Koh Samui are larger and Phi Phi, Ko Mak are smaller, but in general, there is a whole scattering of islands, on each of which you can find everything you want.

2. Vietnam

Holidays in Vietnam are inexpensive in terms of food, entertainment, etc. That is why European youth loves it, because here you can surf and just relax lazily. The main resorts are Nha Trang, which is popular with active tourists, Phan Thiet is quieter, for which couples with children love it, and Phu Kok is for those who love a luxurious vacation. From entertainment: excursions to national parks, boat trips to the islands, all sorts of activities unusual for us (like riding ostriches), as well as more familiar ones - for example, the Vinpearl Amusement Park on the island of the same name.

3. Sri Lanka

As many antiquities as there are in the legendary Ceylon, you are unlikely to be able to find anywhere else. Here is the ancient Sigir - a majestic mountain, decorated with a giant lion statue, and Dambulla with the largest collection of Buddha statues, and Kandy - the ancient residence of the rulers, and Anuradhapura with a centuries-old history and the sacred Bodhi tree. And this is not the whole list, and yet we have not said a word about the wonderful quiet beaches with red sunsets, against which the silhouettes of local fishermen, sitting on special poles right in the sea, darken.

4. China

Relatively recently, we learned that in China, in addition to the Great Wall of China and Pikin, there are seaside resorts. Meanwhile, Hainan Island (also called "Eastern Hawaii") is very popular, both among the Chinese themselves and among Russian tourists. Rest here can be called calm. For those who get bored on the beach, we recommend that you go on a couple of excursions and look at the life and traditions of the locals - the Li and Miao tribes, or heal in healing springs.

5. India

If you want to visit the sea, then Goa and Kerala are waiting for you. Goa is for hanging out in the north and complete relaxation in the south. We can say that this is not even India, but “little Portugal”, everything is quite modern, there is not much local color, but there is a special atmosphere that the hippies brought here: freedom, parties on the beach and all that. Kerala will appeal to those who want to get acquainted with Ayurveda, there are many centers of Indian medicine and yoga schools. There is also the famous golden triangle "Delhi-Agra-Jaipur", the city of Varanasi, Mumbai and many other cities, which are interesting to travel alone, but not at all safe.

6. Indonesia

In order to understand how you can actually relax on vacation, go to Bali or Java or Sumatra, in general, to one of the beautiful islands of Indonesia, where peace and tranquility reigns against the backdrop of the Indian Ocean. See temples, play with monkeys. And if you want parties, clubs and entertainment, then, for example, the Balinese Kuta is more than enough for you: a whole street of entertainment venues and several surf schools will fully compensate for your desire for activity.

7. Malaysia

If you are a fan of a beach holiday, then here you can get plenty of it: the islands of Penang, Langkawi and Sipadan are simply created in order to enjoy the sea and the sun. And if you want to take a walk around the metropolis, then be sure to visit Kuala Lumpur, where you can visit the Bird Park, the famous Petronas Twin Towers and look into a couple of nightclubs.

8. Singapore

Singapore is usually visited by transit, because for a transit visit to the country (you have as many as 96 hours) you do not need a visa. During this time, you will be able to visit the minimum must see, which is enough to form an opinion about the country. Visit the Clare Key promenade at night to drown in the lights, take a look at the Botanical Gardens and, of course, do not forget to take a couple of photos in the legendary rooftop pool of the Marina Bay Sands Hotel with a stunning panorama.

9. South Korea

This country is becoming more and more popular among tourists. Getting here, one gets the impression of a jump into the future: the modern architecture of Seoul, the availability of Wi-Fi almost everywhere and a lot of newfangled entertainment. But history lovers will also find a lot of interesting things for themselves: the royal palaces of the Joseon Dynasty, temples and fortresses. And here you can improve your health and undergo diagnostics using modern equipment relatively inexpensively.

10. Philippines

Traveling to Wonderland, of course, will cost a pretty penny, but it's worth spending money to plunge into ancient Eastern traditions. Attend a healer ceremony, appreciate the heritage of the Spanish conquistadors, admire the urban beauty of Manila, buy a couple of real pearl necklaces and conquer the Mayon volcano - here is a short list of things that you can add to your own.

South Asia

south asia india tourist attraction

In physical and geographical terms, South Asia includes the Hindustan Peninsula, with the Deccan plateau located on most of it, the Indo-Gangetic lowland and the Himalayas, as well as the island of Sri Lanka and a number of smaller islands. The physical-geographical isolation of South Asia is based primarily on the fact that Hindustan is part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, while the rest of Asia is part of ancient Laurasia. At the same time, Soviet and Russian geographical science admits that the Malacca and Indochina peninsulas with nearby islands could also be included in South Asia.

Politically and geographically, South Asia includes the following states: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Maldives. South Asia covers an area of ​​4.5 million km² (10% of all Asia and 3% of the world's land mass), but its population is 40% of the population of Asia and 22% of the world's population.

In South Asia, a tourist can meet a very wide range of natural features: from tropical rainforests, savannahs, tropical deserts (among them Thar) to the classically pronounced altitudinal zonation in the north of the zone - in the Himalayas, where, when climbing mountains, you can meet all altitudinal zones - from wet evergreen thickets (jungles) in the foothills to the nival zone with its glaciers and snowfields in the upper belt of the highest mountains on Earth. It is no coincidence that mountain tourism and mountaineering have been increasingly developed in the Himalayas in recent decades. Many climbers strive to conquer the highest peaks in the world, so the role of Nepal as a tourist country has increased dramatically. Trips to this mountainous country (with its capital Kathmandu) are successfully combined with visits to hot India and other South Asian states, with natural exoticism of the most varied appearance. Pakistan and Bangladesh, located in South Asia, are countries of Muslim culture, representing, as it were, an Islamic bridge between some Balkan countries, Western Asia and the Muslim regions of Southeast Asia. Numerous monuments from different eras, among which the monuments of Islam are especially noticeable, are combined here with completely new architectural phenomena, for example, the new capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, built “out of the blue” after World War II. So Pakistan is a good study of old and new.

The tourist pearl of South Asia is India with its diverse tropical nature, which comes to life after the summer monsoon rains, an unusually colorful ethno-confessional composition of the population (in addition to the two official languages ​​- English and Hindi brought from the British Isles, dozens of languages ​​are widely spoken here, which are spoken by millions and tens of millions people; there are many confessions, among which a special role belongs to Hinduism). But, in addition to the diverse nature, there are many cities in India with a large number of historical and cultural monuments of various eras: Delhi (including its new areas - quarters of New Delhi), Bombay with its environs, Calcutta, Madras with its environs, Benares sacred to Hindus on the river Ganges, the city of Agra with a world-famous architectural marvel of the 17th century. - Taj Mahal mausoleum. There are many mountain resorts in the Himalayas.

The historical and cultural appearance of Sri Lanka was reflected in both the confessional features of its population (professing Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity) and the population of the colonialists of the past (Portuguese, Dutch, English): civil and temple buildings are quite diverse and diverse. Most of them are located in the capital of the country, Colombo, as well as an important religious center of Kandy. It should be noted that, like South-West Asia, the South Asian zone today cannot be considered quite calm for tourists.

Within the tourist and recreational sub-region of South Asia, 4 tourist macro-regions can be identified: Pakistan, Hindustan, the Himalayan region, about. Ceylon.

India

Republic of India

Territory: country with an area of ​​​​3288 thousand square meters. km, located between the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean, in which it owns the Andaman, Nicobar and Laccadive Islands. The territory is divided into 7 natural zones, including the mountain ranges of the north, the Indo-Gangetic Valley, the Deccan Plateau, the Thar Desert, the east and west coasts and island territories.

Population - 1.2 billion people, second in the world after China.

The population is represented by three ethnic groups: the peoples of the Caucasoid group (72% of the population) inhabit the northern part of the country, the peoples of the Dravidian group (25%) live in southern India, the Mongoloid group (3%) - in the northeast. The caste system, abolished by the constitution, is still preserved.

Capital - Delhi

GNP volume - 4.2 trillion dollars at PPP (2005-2006), per capita - 3800 dollars. The monetary unit is the Indian rupee, the rate of which (March 2008) was 40.3 rupees per 1 US dollar. Growth rates GDP in the first 35 years of independent development did not exceed 3.5%, i.e. less than 1% per capita. In 1999-2000 these figures were respectively 6.2% and 4%. In 2006-2007 they rose to 9.2%, or 7.7% per capita. Gross capital formation rate for 1950-2006 increased from 10 to 32.4%. About 80% of savings are formed in the sector of individual households, 16% - in the corporate sector and 4.5% - in the public sector.

Tourism. It is the 3rd largest network that brings in India's currency and currently the tourism industry contributes 6% to the Gross Domestic Product. Travel and tourism in India is US$32 billion and foreign exchange income from tourism in 2005 was US$4.8 billion. Tourism is a very priority industry in India and all efforts are aimed at its rapid development. In the hotel and tourism sector, you can get automatic approval for foreign investment up to 100%.

Attractions

India has 26 World Heritage Sites. Mausoleum of the Taj Mahal (Agra city).

A magnificent white marble mausoleum was erected in Agra between 1631 and 1648. by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife. The Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally recognized masterpieces of world heritage.

Mahabodhi temple complex in Bodh Gaya

Cultural Criteria:

Year of inscription on the World Heritage List: 2002

The Mahabodhi temple complex is one of the four sacred places associated with the life of the Buddha and, in particular, with his attainment of enlightenment. The first temple was built by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, and the existing temple dates back to the 5th-6th centuries. It is one of the earliest all-brick Buddhist temples still surviving in India from the late Gupta period.

Fort in the city of Agra (1983)

Cave Temples at Ajanta (1983)

Cave Temples at Ellora (1983)

Taj Mahal Mausoleum (Agra city) (1983)

Monuments of Mahabalipuram (1984)

Temple of the Sun in Konark (1984)

Kaziranga National Park (1985)

Keoladeo National Park (1985)

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)

Churches and monasteries in Goa (1986)

Ancient City of Fatehpur Sikri (1986)

Monuments of Hampi (1986)

Monuments of Khajuraho (1986)

Cave Temples on Elephanta Island (1987)

Great Temples of the Chola Empire (1987, 2004)

Monuments of Pattadakal (1987)

Sundarbans National Park (1987)

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005)

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)

Mausoleum of Humayun in Delhi (1993)

Qutub Minar tower and surrounding archaeological sites, Delhi (1993)

Mountain Railways of India (1999, 2005)

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)

Bhimbetka Rock Dwellings (2003)

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)

Chhatrapati Shivaji Station, formerly Victoria Terminus (Mumbai City) (2004)

Goa is a state in southwestern India, the smallest among the states in terms of area and one of the last in terms of population. Former Portuguese colony in India. The population is 1.4 million people (25th place). The capital is Panaji. The largest city is Vasco da Gama.

The complete opposite of the southern part of the state - North Goa - is a relatively inexpensive, noisy, democratic and most developed area in terms of tourism. The beaches of the north are popular with tourists with different income levels, but mostly young people come here to relax, who are content with rather modest accommodation and love a fun and rich nightlife. Beach parties with a special kind of "techno" music, called "Goan trance" are very popular here: Indian melodies are superimposed on super low frequencies. North Goa is an international venue for trance music festivals, where you can immerse yourself in the atmosphere of hypnotic ecstasy right in the open air on beautiful beaches. The most peaceful place is Arambol with its endless wild beaches, where there are few tourists and almost wild nature. North Goa is famous for its abundance of restaurants with excellent seafood cuisine. And the best thing is that all this is at very low prices from the point of view of the average European. A very popular place here is Mapusa, located near the coast, and known as the most important shopping center of North Goa. On Saturdays and Sundays, markets and fairs are held here, and on the days of Catholic holidays, festivals and carnivals. The legendary place of Goa is Anjuna, where a flea market is held here on Wednesdays, and sometimes parties are held. Closer to sunset in the Shore Bar, a variety of people come to meditate under goa trance at sunset. A great place for those who come to Goa for the sake of club life - Vagator (Vagator) - all fans of trance live here.

Central Goa. There is no such official district as Central Goa, but this part of the state can be distinguished as a separate tourist area. In Central Goa is the capital of the entire state of Panaji (Panaji), located on the southern bank of the wide river Mandavi. This is the largest and most populated (95 thousand people) city in Goa. Panaji is not only the capital, but also the commercial, educational and cultural center of the state. Here are the Goan College of Pharmacy, Goan College of Arts and Government Polytechnic College, Dhempe College of Sciences and Arts (next to Miramar). Panaji Attractions: Church of the Immaculate Conception, Municipal Park, Idalsao Palace, Statue of Abbot Faria, Menezis Institute, Braganza and Central Library, Freedom Square, Altinho Hill, Fontanhas Quarter, San Tome Quarter, Mahalakshmi Temple, Maruti (Hanuman) Temple. Old Goa, also known as Eastern Rome, was for many years the most important city of the Portuguese Empire in the East. Old Goa is included by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in the list of monument cities and declared a "patrimony of mankind". South Goa It is famous for its beautiful white sand beaches - the longest and widest in all of Goa. The most picturesque here is Palolem Beach, which the locals call "Paradise Beach". Palm groves, fragrant flowers grow along the entire coast, and the water here is more transparent than in North Goa. South Goa is the most uninhabited part of the state. This part of Goa is considered more respectable - some of the most expensive hotels in the state are built here.

Recreational potential and modern development of tourism in Asia. Recreational potential and modern development of tourism in Australia and Oceania. The Asia-Pacific region is the most dynamically developing region in the world. But the flow of tourists here is not yet as great as in the countries of Europe and America. It is expected that in the near future some countries of this region will come to the forefront in terms of the number of tourists visiting them.

2.4.1. Recreational potential and modern development of tourism in Asia

The most popular Asian countries in terms of international tourist demand include Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, the United Arab Emirates, China, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Nepal, Jordan, Lebanon, Mongolia. Relatively recently, tourism began to actively develop in countries such as South Korea, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In Asia, you can visit the unrecognized state - the island of Taiwan. Türkiye is one of the most popular tourist routes for Russian tourists. The capital of Turkey is Ankara. Turkey, like Russia, is located in two parts of the world - in Europe (Eastern Thrace) and Asia. Turkey is divided into European and Asian parts by the strategically important Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, as well as the Sea of ​​Marmara. Türkiye is predominantly a mountainous country. In the west of its Asian part is the Asia Minor Highlands. The Anatolian Mountains are located in the east of Turkey. Turkey is rich in chrome ore, but it is experiencing a serious shortage of fuel and energy resources. Continental, with sharp differences in winter and summer temperatures, the climate is typical for most of the country. On the Mediterranean coast, where the most popular resorts are located, the temperature in summer reaches more than 40°C. Therefore, it is not recommended to be on the beach during the daytime. Turkey is a fairly large country in terms of population - about 65 million people. Turkey's serious national problem is the struggle of the Kurdish minority for its sovereignty. However, there is also a layer of wealthy Kurds who own hotels on the coast. And there have been no significant violations of order at the resorts associated with the manifestation of terrorism in the country. The Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (“Father of the Turks” in Turkish) had a significant influence on the course of modern Turkish history. in a period of political and economic decline, to unite the Turkish nation, limit fundamentalist Islamic traditions and turn the country towards European development. This trend continues to this day. It is expressed in Turkey's persistent attempts to join the EU. Economically, Türkiye is highly dependent on external raw materials and industrial markets. The basis of its international specialization is mining, light industry, food industry, construction, active emigration of labor force, small wholesale trade with neighboring countries. The absence of a "core" in the economy leads, in particular, to high inflation rates. The Turkish lira depreciates by an average of 100% annually. Tourism is one of the variants of the country's international specialization. In Turkey, there are a large number of environmentally friendly resorts, which in most cases combine relative cheapness and high-quality service. The development of tourism in Turkey, comfortable rest attract tourists from European countries, especially from Germany and Russia. In addition, the Turks were originally considered good traders, and tourists can make profitable and relatively cheap purchases here. This attracts travelers from many countries. The most famous resorts include Antalya, Alanya, Belek, Kemer, Side, Marmaris, Kusadasi, etc. In hotels in Turkish resorts, rest is often combined with various animation programs, demonstrations and sales of various goods. Kemer located on the slopes of the Taruska Mountains, which are close to the sea, in the shade of magnificent pine forests, where there is a network of modern HOTELS and clubs. Several decades ago, Kemer was a picturesque fishing village. Now here you can not only relax on the beach, but also ride a yacht. Excursion on a yacht includes fishing on the high seas, lunch, swimming. Not far from Kemer are the ruins of the ancient city of Olympus, founded in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. Fethiye- a young port city with a developed tourist infrastructure. It is located at the foot of the mountains covered with pine and cedar forests. The city is named in memory of a famous Turkish test pilot who died in a plane crash in 1913. Fethiye is located in a zone of seismic activity. In its vicinity in 1956 and 1957. there were two major earthquakes. A popular holiday destination is Kusadasi, which means "island of birds" in Turkish. Dilek National Park is located on the territory of this tourist area, where various species of birds and animals live. Kusadasi is a sea port. Not far from the city are the ancient Greek cities of Ephesus, Miletus, Didyma, Priene, Aphrodisias, discovered after archaeological excavations. Pamukkale means "cotton castle" in Turkish. In this picturesque place, the action of hot springs containing calcium oxide has led to the formation of bizarrely shaped calcareous snow-white deposits. Tourists admire the extraordinary view of these white mountains and swim in the "Cleopatra's pool", the water of which contains mineral salts. There are many health centers here. Side, with its modern tourist complexes and beautiful beaches, is today one of the busiest resorts. Marmaris located at the junction of the Aegean and the Mediterranean Sea and grew up on the site of the ancient city of Fiskos. Here monuments of ancient architecture are combined with luxurious hotels. Numerous restaurants, bars, discos, music and dancing have made this city a dancing city. Tourists from all over the world come to Alanya in summer. In winter, well-known sports teams conduct training camps here. Located south of Turkey CYPRUS is the third largest island in the Mediterranean. Distinctive features of this state are the binational composition of its population (Turks and Greeks). Cyprus has a favorable Mediterranean type of climate and a comparatively developed economy: mining, light and food industries, mechanical engineering, and the production of building materials. Agriculture specializes in the cultivation of grapes and olives. In 1974, the most economically developed regions of the country were occupied by Turkish troops under the pretext of protecting the Turkish Cypriots in view of an attempt by the Greek military junta to carry out a military coup on the island. This caused some damage to the country's economy. International tourism and offshore business have become an important alternative to economic growth in these conditions. Since 1975 the country's authorities have taken a course to encourage the inflow of foreign investment and the development of international tourism. Favorable investment climate, low crime rate, combined with excellent recreational opportunities contribute to the inflow of capital invested in real estate, tourism infrastructure and other sectors of the economy. Until 1960, Cyprus was a British colony. Therefore, the official language on the island is English, and the British prevail among tourists. Currently, the country's economy is heavily dependent on income from international tourism. The largest tourist centers of Cyprus are: the capital of the state of Nicosia, located in the center of the island, but divided into two parts along ethnic lines; wine center Limassol; tourist center with Larnaca International Airport; the historical capital of the western part of the island - Paphos; Ayia Napa youth resort; Famagusta, famous for its beautiful golden beaches. In Cyprus, tourists are offered a number of excursions, in particular, to Egypt, Jordan, Israel. You can make mini-cruises, explore the beautiful coast of the island. You can get acquainted with the richest ancient history of the island by making a trip to Paphos. In Russia, Cyprus - the "Island of Aphrodite" - is known primarily as a center for beach and entertainment tourism. But this is a one-sided view. In Cyprus there are numerous monuments of ancient Greek and Roman culture, as well as Christian history, many holy places of Orthodoxy, where pilgrims come, including from Russia. Pilgrimage centers include Kakkos and Limassol. ISRAEL- a small state in the southwestern part of Asia - has a small (about 5.5 million people) predominantly binational population (Jews and Arabs). The basis of the Israeli economy is industry, in particular, diamond cutting, subtropical agriculture. Of great importance for Israel is international tourism, which is developing in the following areas: beach, cultural, historical and health-improving. The most famous tourist centers of Israel include the most ancient religious center - Jerusalem, medical and health resorts of the Dead Sea, located 395 m below sea level. In 1996 Jerusalem celebrated its 3000th anniversary. Thirty centuries ago, King David moved here the capital of his new kingdom. The stones of Jerusalem keep the memory of Roman, Byzantine, Arab rule, the rule of the Crusaders and Mamelukes. The status of Jerusalem as a holy city for Jews, Christians and Muslims, the abundance of historical monuments and holy places, and at the same time, the intense life of the modern multifaceted and multilingual mecca of tourism make this city one and only. In the south, Israel has access to the Red Sea. On its coast is the resort city of Eilat. The city of Haifa is also interesting for tourists. Various layers of modern and ancient culture are represented here, among which the Bahia Temple is the most famous landmark. The capital of Israel is Tel Aviv with a large international airport Bengurion. The Tel Aviv-Yafo resort area is located on the Mediterranean coast. The development of international tourism in Israel is constrained by the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. JORDAN- a state in Southwest Asia, the capital is the city of Amman. This is a predominantly agricultural country. On the territory of Jordan there are monuments of ancient culture from the 2nd millennium BC. to V in AD At the end of the XIX century. in the mountains of South Jordan, archaeologists discovered the city of Petra - the capital of the Nabataean kingdom of the II century. BC. - I century. AD Tourists come here to see temples, theaters, tombs built of pink stone. Pilgrimage to Jordan is largely associated with religious traditions. Many scholars of sacred texts directly connect the events described in the Bible with the Jordan Valley. Therefore, more and more religious pilgrims today begin their journey to the East from Jordan, in order to then continue it in ancient Canaan, on the territory of modern Palestine and Israel. Moving in this way, they seem to pass through time in the footsteps of the Old and New Testaments, again consistently experiencing the entire history of the relationship between God and man from the first pages of the Book of Genesis to the present day. In biblical history, the Salt Sea, now the Dead Sea, is mentioned as a place of religious events. The Dead Sea itself is a world landmark, full of amazing natural beauty, deep symbolic meaning and truly dramatic charm. Today, the entire length of the eastern coast of the Dead Sea is one of the most popular holiday destinations among Jordanian and foreign tourists. Its famous thermal springs can be easily reached from Central and South Jordan along any of the many roads equipped with excellent modern surface. In the south of Jordan, the Red Sea is also a popular holiday destination. Thus, Jordan can captivate tourists for whom seaside recreation is the main goal. LEBANON- a parliamentary democratic republic, occupying a relatively small area (10.4 thousand square kilometers) with a population of 2.5 million people. Lebanon borders Israel and Syria. The capital is the city of Beirut. Lebanon is known as a major regional banking center. Banking is one of the main branches of the country's economy. Its distinguishing feature is strict confidentiality. More than 80 banks operate in the country. Trade and tourism are also important sectors of the country's economy. The mild Mediterranean climate makes Lebanon particularly attractive, but unlike most other countries in this region, the unique mountain nature provides everyone with the opportunity to admire the golden rain of leaf fall, snow blizzards, the bright sunny palette of spring herbs and the sultry sunsets of endless summer. Lebanon is characterized by the development of the following types of tourism: business, cultural, historical and environmental. Business trips to Lebanon are associated with financial and credit activities, the opportunity to make bargains. A relatively liberal tax system creates favorable conditions for foreign investment and entrepreneurship. Cultural and historical tourism in Lebanon is associated with familiarization with ancient monuments. The historical sights of the country include the ancient cities discovered by archaeologists - Baalbek, Byblos and Anzhar. The country's capital, Beirut, combines antiquity with the current century. Fans of outdoor activities are waiting for numerous routes of bizarre mountain paths, where next to your fire - who knows, maybe there was a fire of an ancient person. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)- a federation of seven Arab states located on the Arabian Peninsula. The history of the UAE has a little more than 30 years. In a short time, the Emirates made an unprecedented leap into the future - a rich and highly developed country arose on the site of a waterless desert with a few settlements on the seashore. Tourists from all over the world seek to get here. Abu Dhabi is the largest emirate with a population of about 900 thousand people, the capital and residence of the president of the federation. Dubai is the second largest city and emirate of the UAE, one of the world's centers of business and trade, recreation and entertainment. Sharjah- "cultural capital" of the UAE, the third largest emirate. There are many museums, historical monuments, mosques, bazaars. Ajman is the smallest of all the emirates, in the past it was known as a place for pearling (now it is famous for its developed fishing industry and the manufacture of single-masted Arab dhow ships. Umm El Kaiwets is an emirate where fishing is developed and there is a research center for fish breeding. Ras Al Khaimah is an emirate in the northern part of the UAE, since the 16th century it has been constantly subjected to seizures and therefore received the name, which means “pirate coast” in translation.The emirate of Fujairah, located in the eastern part of the UAE, is recommended for recreation for nature lovers and those who prefer secluded silence.Fujairah has three protected areas: El Wuraida waterfalls, An El Madhab gardens and hot springs of Ain Eyy Ghamur. Camel races take place in the deserts of the emirate. The UAE is a country with more than two thousand years of history, has long developed by Russian tourists in contrast to neighboring Oman Oman, a country whose economy largely depends on oil production and export, until recently was closed to tourists. Oil deposits created prosperity for Oman. And its long-term isolation made it possible to preserve the national characteristics of the culture and life of the local population. Therefore, Oman is an amazing country that allows its guests to get acquainted with the way of Arab life and stay in prestigious international hotels. The most common type of recreation in Oman is scuba diving. The climate of Oman is desert, dry, with a higher level of humidity on the coast compared to the hinterland, with an average of several hundred millimeters of precipitation per year. The average temperature in July is plus 32°C, and in January - 21°C. Muscat, the capital of the country, is considered one of the hottest capitals in the world. SAUDI ARABIA, located north of Yemen, occupies most of the world's largest Arabian Peninsula and at the same time, most of the country's territory is occupied by a desert: in the north it is part of the Syrian Desert, and in the southeastern part of the country - the Great Desert (Rub-El -Khali). The leading sector of the country's economy is the oil industry. Saudi Arabia accounts for most of the world's proven oil reserves (about 20%). Saudi Arabia is a country with orthodox Islamic traditions, which is manifested, in particular, in tourist formalities: the import of alcohol is prohibited; drug smuggling is punishable by death; the import of books in Hebrew, as well as goods marked with Israel, is prohibited; it is advisable for women going out into the street to wear a veil. The main type of international tourism in the country is religious, carried out in the form of pilgrimages. The pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia is based on the traditions of the Islamic cult. Every Muslim at least once in his life must make a pilgrimage (hajj) to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The city of Mecca is a place of pilgrimage, since, according to legend, the founder of Islam, the Prophet Muhammad, was born here, and the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad is located in Medina. The state is located in Southwest Asia SYRIA- the last stronghold of the crusaders who marched in the Middle Ages under the auspices of the Catholic Church to liberate the Holy Land from Muslims. The impregnable castles of the Crusaders remind of the Crusades. The capital of Syria - the city of Damascus - is one of the oldest cities in the world. Among the architectural monuments of the city, the colonnade of the sanctuary of Jupiter of Damascus, the Umayyad mosque, and the Nur-ad-Din hospital are of interest. There are more than 200 mosques in the capital. Syria has long been known for handicrafts - the manufacture of edged weapons ("Damascus blades"), copper utensils, brocade. The length of the coastline of the Mediterranean coast of Syria is about 200 km. In the vicinity of the fourth largest city in Syria and the main seaport - Latakia - is the main seaside resort of Shatt al Azraq. There are several modern mountain resorts in Syria, which include Slenfe and Mashta al Helu. The development of international tourism in Syria is hindered by a number of historical circumstances. Syria, like many other Arab countries, does not accept the existence of an independent state of Israel. In 1973 Syria, together with Egypt, started a war against Israel, which ended with the signing of a separate peace. This historical fact has led to tense relations between Syria and Israel. A visa to Syria is not issued to persons with any Israeli marks. And entry into the area along the Syrian-Israeli border is prohibited. B. Assad, the son of the country's former communist dictator X. Assad, is in power in Syria. The existence of such a regime gave grounds to the United States to include this country in the so-called "axis of evil" of countries with anti-democratic regimes. The state is located in Southwest Asia IRAN . A significant part of the territory of this country is occupied by mountains and deserts. The center of the country is occupied by the Iranian Highlands and the deserts of Deshte-Kevir (Great Salt Desert) and Deshte Lut. On the territory of Iran, three natural and climatic zones can be distinguished: the coast of the Persian and Oman gulfs with a tropical hot climate, the central regions with an arid subtropical hot climate, the central regions with an arid subtropical climate and mountainous regions with a cool temperate climate. Of the nearly 70 million people in Iran, most (about 50%) are Persians. The official language is Farsi (Persian) and the predominant religion is Shia Islam. Iran is a country with traditions of Islamic fundamentalism, where spiritual leaders - ayatolls - set the tone. What regional features should be taken into account when visiting this country? In Iran, there is actually a "dry" law - alcohol cannot be purchased in stores and even hotels. It is strictly forbidden to import into the country all types of alcoholic beverages, video products of erotic and propaganda content and books in Hebrew. If there are any marks of the state of Israel in the passport, entry into Iran is prohibited. Also, women in clothes that do not comply with Islamic rules will not be allowed to cross the border. Due to the existing traditions of Islamic fundamentalism, international tourism in this country has not become widespread, and Iran receives its main income from the extraction and export of oil and gas raw materials. The development of tourism is hindered by a number of other circumstances. Thus, there is no modern hotel base in the country. At the same time, Iran has great potential for the development of international tourism in a number of areas. The cultural and historical direction is connected with visiting the ancient cities - Tehran, the capital of the country, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz. Here you can see many historical sights: medieval mosques, ancient monuments, tombs of Persian scientists and artists. Medical and health tours can also be promising for Iran. On the shores of the largest lake in Iran, Urmia, there are balneological resorts-baths that use the properties of salt water for treatment, which is similar in content to the water of the Dead Sea. In Iran, medical services such as eye surgery, orthopedics, treatment of cardiovascular diseases are available. Tourism for the purpose of entertainment and recreation in Iran has a focal character. The most famous holiday destination in Iran is the trendy Iranian resort on Kish Island in the Strait of Hormuz. Shopping tours to Iran are also a promising direction of international tourism. There are many oriental bazaars where you can buy the famous Persian handmade carpets, as well as fine silverware. CHINA located in Central and East Asia, on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean. This is the third largest and the first largest (about 1.3 billion people) state in the world. China is a multinational country. Of the 56 nationalities, the most numerous nationality is the Han (over 90% of the country's inhabitants). Therefore, the Chinese often refer to themselves as "Han". Many Chinese live abroad. They are called "huaqiao". The relief of China is a multi-stage terraces, gradually descending from west to east. Two large rivers flow through China - the Yellow River and the Yangtze. China is very rich in natural resources: hydropower and mineral raw materials (primarily non-ferrous metal ores). China has an ancient history. China gave the world one of the religious directions - Confucianism, deifying the power of monarchs and preaching self-improvement. It is no coincidence that in the historical tradition of China, a change in the rule of monarchical dynasties can be traced, the last monarchical dynasty in China is the Qing (1644-1911). During the revolutionary struggle on October 1, 1949. Mao Zedong proclaimed the creation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Ancient China gave the world four inventions: paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder. In Europe, China was first learned from the books and stories of the legendary Italian traveler Marco Polo. In 1271-1275. he traveled to China, where he lived for about 17 years. The paradox of modern China is a combination of communist ideology and one of the highest rates of economic growth in the world, the economic power of the state and the poverty of the vast majority of the population. China is the world's largest producer of cotton fabrics and the world's third largest producer of cast iron. China is implementing a concept* of territorial development based on attracting foreign investment in free economic zones. China is administratively divided into 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, and four cities under the central government: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing. China consists of two special administrative regions, Xianggang (Hong Kong) and Macau (Macao). The capital of China is the city of Beijing. According to some estimates, China in the XXI century. will become the world leader in tourist visits. There are many attractions in China. One of the most grandiose architectural monuments is the Great Wall of China in Northern China. The total length of the wall is 157 6700 km. In the II century. BC. Emperor Qin Shi Huang had an idea to protect China from the north from the Mongols, and the wall served as a huge bastion. It was built until 1911, driving a huge number of peasants and soldiers from all over the country to construction. All of them died at this construction site, so the wall is also called the great cemetery. There are many temples around the Chinese Wall, today they are active. Now the total surviving length of the wall is 5 thousand km. In China, the following most popular centers of international tourism can be distinguished: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Macau, Xianggang (Hong Kong), Hainan Island, Tibet. The history of the capital of China - Beijing - has more than 3 thousand years. There are a large number of cultural and historical attractions that allow you to comprehend the past, understand the present, and get an idea of ​​the future of this country. In Beijing, there is the largest state museum in China, Gugong - the former imperial palace, the residence of 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Summer Imperial Palace - Yiheyuan Park is located 20 km northwest of the center of Beijing. 50 km north of the city in the Valley of the Tombs lies the ashes of most of the emperors of the Ming Dynasty. On the southern outskirts of Beijing rises the Temple of Heaven (Tian Tan). Here, on the day of the summer solstice, the services of the monks were held with the participation of the emperor with a request to Heaven to send down a good harvest. In the northeastern part of the Chinese capital, the famous Yonghegun lamaist temple was built today. In many cities of China, including Beijing, there are temples of Confucius. Shanghai, located at the mouth of the largest river in China - the Yangtze, is better known as a business center. It is one of the largest financial and economic metropolises in Asia. In the past, many Russian emigrants lived here, whose paths lay through this city to the USA, Australia and Canada. The most famous street of Nanjinglu stretches from the embankment through the whole city for 14 km. Here are the best shops and restaurants of Shanghai. The sights of Shanghai include a Buddhist monastery, Chenghuangmiao and Yufesy temples with a jade statue of Buddha, a five-tiered Longhua pagoda, a Garden of Joy, and a TV tower. Guangzhou- a large commercial and industrial agglomeration in the southeast of China. Guangzhou hosts international exhibitions and fairs that give Western firms an insight into Chinese products. In the immediate vicinity of Guangzhou are the former English and Portuguese enclaves of Xianggang (Hong Kong) and Macao (Maomen). Hong Kong in translation means "fragrant harbor", because once fragrant spices and incense were taken out from here. Now it is one of the largest financial centers in the world. Hong Kong's tourist attractions include the Zoological and Botanical Gardens. Macau is a former Portuguese colony that has now become a tourist mecca for casinos and gambling houses. In recent years, Hainan Island, located in southern China, has become very popular. Modern HOTELS have been built here, conducive to beach recreation and recreation. The climate in Hainan is tropical. Tourists have always been attracted by Tibet and the impregnable peaks of the Himalayas, which climbers are constantly trying to storm. The administrative center of Tibet is the city of Lhasa ("holy place"), located at an altitude of 3660 m above sea level. Monasteries, the centers of Buddhism and Lamanism, brought world fame to this place, where solemn rituals and ceremonies are still held. In China, you can make bargains. Here, first of all, you should buy green tea, natural silk and river pearls. Tourists will certainly be taken to the tea ceremony, silk and pearl factories. TAIWAN- a state in East Asia, located on an island in close proximity to mainland China. In 1949, after the victory of the socialist revolution in China, the bourgeois Chinese government headed by Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, declaring Taiwan an independent state and enlisting the support of the United States. Since then, the PRC has been claiming its rights to the island, considering it one of its provinces. Taiwan is a dynamically developing state. In terms of living standards (GDP per capita exceeds $12,000), Taiwan is not comparable to the mainland provinces of China. The capital of this state not officially recognized by the world community is Taipei (Taipei). The main attractions are concentrated in the capital. The white marble memorial to Chiang Kai-shek with a park is a favorite place for the townspeople to relax. Emigrating from China, Chiang Kai-shek took some of the exhibits from the Winter Imperial Palace (Gugong) in Beijing. These priceless artistic treasures are on display at the National Taiwan Museum in Taipei. Taipei also has a traditional night market where you can taste local food, get a massage, and buy a variety of local souvenirs. Russia does not have direct air links with Taiwan. Therefore, the most acceptable option for a trip to the island is a flight through Hong Kong. MONGOLIA- a state in Central Asia. The capital of the country is the city of Ulaanbaatar. The founder of the Mongolian state is Genghis Khan. Under him and his successors in the XIII century. The Mongol Empire was created, which collapsed in the 14th century. to individual states. The economy of Mongolia has an agrarian and raw material character (nomadic cattle breeding, extraction of mineral resources). Mongolia exports a variety of products, including sheep and camel wool, leather goods, carpets, knitwear, sheepskin coats. Mongolia, like many other countries, encourages the development of tourism. Ecological, ethnographic and historical tours can become the most promising for this country. Mongolia, spread over more than 1.5 million sq. km, is one of the few places in the world that owns a rich combination of ecosystems. The Gobi Desert, which occupies more than half of Mongolia, is distinguished by a wide variety of flora and fauna. Here you can find large rocky deserts with sparse vegetation, and sand dunes. The most interesting area is the South Gobi, where the main attractions and tourist yurt centers are concentrated. The famous Tea and Silk Roads passed through the territory of Mongolia and from ancient times connected peoples leading a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle. Mongolia still preserves the way of life, ancient traditions and original culture of nomads. The ancient Mongol Empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the shores of the Black Sea. Mongolia is the cradle of the nomadic civilization of Central Asia, the abode of ancient history and culture. Historical tours will allow you to explore ancient burial places and places of worship. The history of Mongolia is known thanks to the ancient empire of Genghis Khan. The co- 160 blood of Genghis Khan has not yet been found. Maybe you will find them in Mongolia... JAPAN- an island state in the Asia-Pacific region with a predominantly single-ethnic population of 125 million people. Japan is attractive for its amazing natural beauty. The country is located on approximately 6,800 islands in the Pacific Ocean. 68% of the territory of Japan is occupied by mountains. The highest Mount Fuji is the national symbol of the country. A distinctive feature of Japan is the poverty of the mineral resource base. TRADE or die" - this is the slogan of the Japanese, stimulating the development of local industry and services. The country occupies one of the first places in the world in shipbuilding, the production of radio electronics, cars and trucks. The production of porcelain, toys and art products remains traditional. The world energy crises of the end of the 20th century, connected with the rise in oil prices, not only did not weaken, but even rallied the Japanese nation, forcing the development of high-tech industries, as well as the financial sector. Now Japan is not only one of the world's largest manufacturers of industrial products, but also the technological "brain" of the Asia-Pacific region and one of the world's largest financial centers. For a long time (until 1868) Japan was a "closed" state, which determined the originality of Japanese culture. Tokyo is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world, the capital of Japan. The sights of Tokyo include the Buddhist temples of Kannon, Meiji, Rakanji, the Yasukuni Shinto shrine, the Imperial Palace, the National Museum, and the Sogetsu Art Center. Osaka is the largest city in Western Japan. This city is proud of its largest Ferris wheel and aquarium in the world. Nara - the ancient capital of Japan, the city-museum, is known for its architectural monuments and the imperial treasury. In the last decade, tourists have been attracted to Japan by numerous sports and entertainment events, in particular, the Olympic Games, the World Cup. The warm climate, the presence of many islands and a long coastline make Japan a favorable place for sea tourism. However, coastal resorts here, unlike other countries of the world, are practically absent. The Inland Sea of ​​Japan is no exception, although it is often referred to as the Japanese Mediterranean Sea. For the development of tourism in the country, material investments in infrastructure are needed, and the Japanese prefer holidays abroad. INDONESIA located on a huge archipelago, comparable in size to Europe. Its largest islands are Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi. Life on each of the 13,000 islands follows its own path. On one island live Muslims (Java), on the other - Hindus (Bali), on the third - Christians (north Sulawesi). The capital of Indonesia is the city of Jakarta. Bali is one of the most important tourist centers in Indonesia. Here are located ancient Hindu temples, as well as numerous hotels with magnificent beaches. The handicraft industry is represented by embossed silverware, ceramic and wickerwork, art carvings on bone, which are in demand among Tourists. Indonesia is of interest for eco-tourism. There are a number of national parks and reserves here. The Gunning Recreation Park on the island of Sumatra is widely known. Tourists are attracted here by the possibility of trekking through mountain forests, as well as visiting the orangutan rehabilitation center. THAILAND in terms of territory comparable to France, its population is about 60 million people. Thailand still retains its ancient Buddhist culture. Tin-tungsten belt, passing through the territory of the country, provides Thailand with one of the leading places for the extraction of tin. The main agricultural crop is rice. Thailand has maintained its political independence throughout the country's centuries-old history. Close ties between Russian and Thai monarchs and friendly relations between Thailand and Russia are known in the past. Currently, Thailand is the tourist mecca of Southeast Asia. Tourists are attracted by the favorable climate and developed tourist infrastructure, historical sites, including Buddhist temples and the possibility of free and relaxed behavior. The most famous tourist centers in Thailand include the capital Bangkok, the cities of Pattaya, Phuket, Koh Samui. There are about 400 Buddhist temples in Bangkok. Among them, the most interesting are the Temple of the Dawn with a tower 104 m high and the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. INDIA is a huge subcontinent located in South Asia. Over a billion people live in India. Considering that the family planning policy is not as strict as in China, according to demographers' forecasts, in the medium term, this country will become the most populous in the world. In addition, 162 India is considered the most multiethnic country in the world. Physically and geographically, India can be divided into three natural regions: the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic lowland and the Deccan Plateau. Economically, India can be described as a "key developing country", which is comparable to the great powers in terms of macroeconomic indicators (GNP - about $ 500 billion in 2002; 11th in the world), and in terms of per capita income is one of the poorest countries in the world ($480 per person in 2002; 159th place in the world). The agrarian-industrial economy of the country combines the development of basic industries with a diversified agriculture. The textile industry has become widespread. The bowels of the country are rich in various minerals (coal, iron ores, diamonds, manganese, etc.). From the point of view of tourism, the largest cities of the country are of the greatest interest in India: Delhi - the capital of India, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, a former Portuguese enclave, and now the 25th state of India - Goa; national parks Korbet, Sariska, the famous Taj Mahal mausoleum. Kolkata is the birthplace of the world famous Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore. Here is the "House of Tagore". The most popular Indian resorts are located on the west coast of India, in the state of Goa. Until 1963 there was a Portuguese colony. This area is considered the most developed in terms of tourism and is very popular among Europeans. It is more likely to appeal to those who prefer a comfortable, relaxing beach holiday with lunch in hotel restaurants. But Goa is far from the only popular holiday destination in India. The state of Kerala, the most southern state of the west coast and one of the most developed states of India, enjoys fame. A classic trip to India is the Golden Triangle tour with a visit to the world famous Taj Mahal - a monument of Indian architecture, a five-domed structure made of white marble with a mosaic of colored stones, as well as the ancient ghost town of Fatihpur Sikri and the exotic pink city of Rajasthan. India is also a center of religious pilgrimage. The main centers of Hindu communities are located on the territory of this country. India attracts ecotourists who dream of conquering mountain peaks. Ecotourism associated with mountaineering is also characteristic of NEPAL, the only Hindu kingdom in the world. Until the mid-1950s, Nepal was closed to foreigners and therefore largely retained its originality and national flavor. This is a poor country, whose people do not consider themselves poor, have their own human values ​​and live by their own rules. Tourists are attracted here by the world's highest peaks of the Himalayas, the pristine jungle in the south, the picturesque Kathmandu Valley with unique pagodas and elegant architecture of residential buildings, vibrant holidays, as well as the original culture of the population. In the spurs of the Eastern Himalayas, there is another small state of South Asia - BUTANE(translated as "Land of Thunder Dragons"). For many centuries, the connection between Bhutan and Tibet was very close, so Lamaist Buddhism, the Tibetan national language and writing are widespread in the country. The Kingdom of Bhutan is one of the underdeveloped, time-forgotten patriarchal states of the world. The country is dominated by subsistence farming. The main production sector of the economy is agriculture. Rice, wheat and barley are grown here. To the south of Bhutan in the town of Cherrapunji (India) is the wettest place in the world, where over 11,000 mm of precipitation falls annually. The wet jungles of Bhutan are poorly studied and little explored. Here the highest density of elephants per unit area. Bhutan is still largely a country closed to travel. Modern Bhutan is somewhat reminiscent of Tsarist Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, when an exit permit had to be obtained personally from the emperor, and a foreign passport cost 500 silver rubles. A similar situation exists in modern Bhutan. There are a large number of places where you can get only after a special permit signed personally by the king. In this case, you should stock up on a significant amount of money, much higher than the official cost of the trip. At the same time, only a true adventurer can appreciate the exoticism of this country. The main attraction of Bhutan is Buddhist monasteries, the largest are located in Thimphu, the capital of the country. To the south of India are important objects of international tourism: the island of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Since 1984 the capital SRI LANKA is Colombo. A mixture of cultures and religions, times and peoples have left their mark on the unique image of the city: old colonial-style mansions coexist with both skyscrapers and ancient oriental temples. The largest number of historical and cultural monuments are concentrated in the center of the island and form a "cultural triangle": Anuradhapura - the first ancient capital of Sri Lanka, Polonnaruwa - the medieval capital of the state, Kandy - the last bastion of the rulers of the independent Sinhalese state. Sri Lanka is also known for its elephant nurseries. Today, the country is considered one of the leading exporters of tea, MALDIVES is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, located southwest of the island of Sri Lanka. The Maldives consists of 1190 tiny coral islands, of which only 220 have been developed. On 77 islands there are hotels of categories from 2 to 5 stars. The Maldivians are a mixed race, whose formation was influenced by emigrants from Sri Lanka, India and the Arab countries. The population of the islands is about 240 thousand people, a quarter of whom live in the capital, Male. The well-known center of modern international tourism has become SINGAPORE, a major financial, industrial and transport center. Singapore has many natural and cultural attractions. Singapore zoo, bird park, arts festival, ethnic quarters (Chinatown, little India) - these are the objects that tourists usually visit. A very original open-air memorial museum is the “Tiger Balm Park”, created in Singapore by local Chinese financial magnates from the Au family. Singaporean Chinese businessmen - the brothers Au Bin-Hau and Au Bin-Par - got rich in the production of a healing ointment - "tiger balm", which gained great popularity not only in Singapore, but also in other countries as a remedy for rheumatism, sciatica and others. diseases. The tiger balm business became a source of wealth for the Au family, which became one of the largest financial groups in Singapore. In an effort to perpetuate their name, the brothers bought a plot of land on a hillside near the sea and created a park here. The construction of the park was completed in 1937. And it was presented by the brothers How and Par as a gift to the city with the condition that after their death this park would become a family memorial. The will of the brothers was carried out. Monuments to the brothers were erected on the upper terrace of the hill, and the park was named Tiger Balm Park. In recent years, more and more tourists are attracted MALAYSIA - a state in Southeast Asia, the western part of which is located in the south of the Malay Peninsula, and the eastern part - in the north of the island of Kalimantan (the states of Sabah and Sarawak). Malaysia differs from other countries in the region with a unique combination of exoticism, ancient culture and the highest level of development. Malaysia is divided into 13 states. The capital of the state is the city of Kuala Lumpur. It grew up on the site of the camp of the first tin miners. The most interesting places to visit in the capital of Malaysia are the bird park, where about 5 thousand birds live, the deer park, where unique small "mouse deer" live, and the butterfly park. Malaysia is a dynamically developing "new industrial" country in Southeast Asia. In the international division of labor, the country is known as a major producer of tin, rubber, as well as products of a number of manufacturing industries, primarily household appliances, and also as a major producer of rice. In recent years, the country has been pursuing a policy of stimulating international tourism as a promising branch of international specialization. Many areas of Malaysia have their own unique features and are attractive for tourists. The state of Kedah, with a population of over one million, is located in the northwest of Peninsular Malaysia. The so-called "rice bowl of Malaysia" is located on the territory of the state. The state has many archaeological sites. Not far from the coast of Kedah is a resort - the island of Langkawi. The island is covered with tropical vegetation, but there are beaches. Approximately 112 km south of Langkawi, near the northwestern coast of the Malaysian peninsula, is the island of Penang, which is called the "Pearl of the East". Beautiful beaches and beautiful scenery have made the island a popular holiday destination. The state of Perak with a population of about 2 million people is often called the "silver state", as there are large deposits of tin ore. Perak is attractive for tourists with numerous sights, in particular limestone caves-temples. There are a number of resort places on the territory of the state: the coastal town of Lamut, Pangkor Island, Pangkor Laut Island. The state of Selangor is located on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is the most populated state in the country and at the same time the largest industrial center. The state has resorts Morib, Bagan Lalang, as well as on the islands of Carey, Ketam, Indah and Angsa. The main resorts of the state of Negri Sembilan (west coast of Malaysia) are located in the 48-kilometer coastal strip near the port of Dikson. The state of Malacca occupies the southwest of the Malaysian peninsula and is known as a center of mixing of many cultures: Indian, Chinese, European and Japanese. Therefore, the state has many historical attractions - temples, mosques, mausoleums, churches. There are also resorts here - Tanjung Bidara, Tanjung Kling, etc. The state of Johor is considered the southern gate of Malaysia. There is a railway line connecting Malaysia with Singapore. The state has historical sites, 166 national parks, resorts. The state of Pahang on the east coast of Malaysia is the country's largest state by area. There are high mountain resorts, national natural reserves, picturesque lakes. Tioman Island belongs to the category of prestigious international resorts. The state of Terengganu on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia is the center of the country's textile industry. Painted “batik” products and souvenirs made of copper are made here, which are bought by tourists. This is one of the most picturesque states in the country. The natural wonders of the state include the alpine lake Kunuir, as well as the Sinaya waterfall. Redang Island in the state's offshore area is considered one of the best places in Malaysia for snorkeling and scuba diving. The state of Kelantan, located in the northeast, on the border with Thailand, is called the "cradle of Malaysian culture." Here, on the coast of the South China Sea, there are many resort areas with golden sand beaches framed by coconut palms. The state of Sabah is located in East Malaysia, in the northeast of the island of Borneo. It is a mountainous state with wild jungles and a long coastline with beaches dotted with coral reefs. The state of Sarawak, which means "Land of the Hornbill", is the largest of the Malaysian states. Located on the island of Borneo, this cosmopolitan state is a land of dense jungle rich in resources such as pepper, cocoa, palm oil, timber and oil. The state has many national parks where safaris are organized. There are wonderful beaches. The state of Labuan has a dynamically developing port, it is one of the international financial centers. Within the state there are a number of islands, off the coast of which the remains of sunken ships lie, which is of interest to diving enthusiasts. Malaysia is also known for its marine reserves. Marine reserves are a limited area of ​​the sea, which is considered a closed ecosystem in order to preserve its flora and fauna and coral reefs with fish and microorganisms living there. Reserves are created to preserve and protect coral zones from the influence of industrialization, protect underwater flora and fauna, and organize people's recreation without causing damage to wildlife. While in marine reserves, certain rules must be observed. For example, underwater photography, swimming are allowed there, but fishing, coral collection, speed boat racing are prohibited. Malaysia is also the center of religious tourism. Most of the inhabitants of the country are Muslims. About 30 km from Kuala Lumpur are the Batu Caves. Every year in late January - early February, a religious holiday is held here, gathering numerous pilgrims from Malaysia, Singapore and other countries. It is important to note that the country has a number of strict rules. Thus, the illegal import of drugs into Malaysia is punishable by death. A prosperous microstate of Southeast Asia is located on the northwestern coast of the island of Kalimantan. BRUNEI. The well-being of Brunei is based on the income received from oil production. The Sultan of Brunei is considered one of the richest inhabitants of the planet. The capital of Brunei is Bandar Seri Begawan. Here, on a compact territory of 6 thousand square meters. km is home to about 300 thousand people. The majority of the inhabitants are Malays (65% of the total population). One of the largest mosques in Asia, the Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque, is located in the capital. The country also has national parks and reserves with equatorial flora and fauna. In 1994 Jerudong theme park is open in the country. MYANMAR - "the country of golden pagodas" - known primarily as one of the most powerful enclaves of Buddhist culture in all of Asia. The national symbol of the country is the grand Shwedagon Stupa Pagoda, built 2500 years ago and located in the capital Yangon. Power in the country belongs to the military junta, which has ruled since 1962. As a result, Myanmar (formerly Burma) is a poor agricultural country where the automobile is considered a rarity and the population continues to travel by horses and oxen. This state of affairs hinders the development of international tourism, which, with the exception of pilgrimage and sightseeing of Buddhist culture, is practically not developed in the country. However, in Myanmar there are interesting places and attractions. Mandalay is the former capital of the Burmese kings. Here, as in other parts of the country, there are many shrines of Buddhism. An extinct volcano - Mount Popa is considered one of the most mysterious mountains in the country and has been a place of pilgrimage for many hundreds of years. This place is sacred for the inhabitants of the country. There are exotic floating hotels in Yangon. These are old ships, laid up along the banks of the Rangoon River and equipped as hotels. To the northeast of Myanmar is the state of BANGLADESH - one of the poorest and most overpopulated states in the world, formed in 1971. after separation from Pakistan. Most of the inhabitants are Bengali Muslims. The agrarian economy of Bangladesh is specialized in supplying jute to the world market. International tourism in the country is underdeveloped, as Bangladesh has a reputation for constant cyclones and floods, as well as the ubiquitous mosquitoes. At the same time, true travelers will appreciate the sights of this original country. In the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka, the greatest interest for tourists is the many mosques, Hindu and Christian temples, the unfinished Labah Fort, noisy oriental bazaars; it is the rickshaw capital. Dhaka is famous for its muslin. As natural attractions, it is worth noting the evergreen mangrove forests in the southwest of the country, the population of Bengal tigers, herds of elephants and a large number of leopards. Bangladesh is a country of water modes of transport. Ferries and steamboats are common means of transportation. The only seaside resort in Bangladesh is Cox's Bazar, located near the border with Myanmar and has a pronounced Burmese flavor. The hotel infrastructure is poorly developed here. Tourists are attracted by huge beaches and clear sea, free from sharks. Islamic moral standards do not allow women to expose their bodies. And they can swim here only by wearing bloomers. In the immediate vicinity of Chittagong, Bangladesh's second largest city, lies the old Portuguese enclave of Paterghat, one of the few districts in the country that has retained Christianity. PHILIPPINES- a state in Southeast Asia, located on an archipelago consisting of more than seven thousand islands. The capital of the state is Manila. A significant part of the islands is occupied by tropical forests. Numerous national parks (Kanlaon, Mount Apo, Volcano, etc.) make the development of ecological tourism in the country promising. A number of significant milestones can be noted in the history of the Philippines. In the XVI century. F. Magellan landed on the islands in order to spread Christianity here, but he was killed in a skirmish with the locals. For a long time, the Philippines was a Spanish colony, and then became a dependent state from the United States. In 1946 the country gained sovereignty. The structure of the economy is dominated by the production of industrial and agricultural products. Mining and a number of manufacturing industries are mainly developed. In agriculture, the leading industry is crop production (sugarcane, tobacco, tropical fruits and citrus fruits). In the southeast of the country, the province of Davao is located, the population of which specializes in growing a unique industrial crop of abaca used to make fabrics. Tourism in the Philippines is mainly associated with visiting exotic places, as well as untouched wilderness areas. The capital Manila is a major industrial, financial and cultural center. The city has preserved the medieval church of San Augustin and buildings from the time of the Spanish conquistadors; there are the National Museum of the Philippines, the Museum of Natural History and Archeology, the Museum of Art. SOUTH KOREA . The Korean peninsula was divided in 1953. after the Korean War, into two parts by a demarcation line drawn approximately along the 38th parallel. To the south of the demarcation line is the Republic of Korea, and to the north is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). On the territory of South Korea with an area of ​​about 100 thousand square meters. km is home to about 46 million people. Administratively, the country consists of nine provinces and six metropolitan cities. The capital Seoul is a city with a special status. The last ruling dynasty in Korea was the Lee dynasty (1392-1910), whose ancestor Lee Song-gye founded the state of Joseon ("Land of the Morning Calm"). In 1910 the country was annexed by Japan, after the defeat of which in World War II and the formation of a zone of American military responsibility in 1948. The Republic of Korea was proclaimed. The Republic of Korea is a state with a dynamically developing economy. In terms of GNP - 473 billion dollars a year (200 2 years) - this small industrial-agrarian country occupies 13th place in the world. In terms of tungsten mining, South Korea occupies one of the leading places in the world, and is also widely known for the dynamics of the development of manufacturing industries: electrical, electronic, chemical, oil refining, textile, as well as automotive, shipbuilding, electricity and military industries. Seoul is the center of political, economic and cultural life of the country. Numerous architectural monuments of the Joseon era have been preserved in Seoul: ancient gates, five palaces. Yeouido Island is the center of the financial and business life of the capital. Here are the Korean Stock Exchange, the main offices of firms. The best shopping can be done at Dongdaemun Market. Main products:. textiles, clothing, leather goods. The port city of Incheon is the western gate of South Korea. Located in the central part of the peninsula, Daejeon is a typical city of science. Yusong hot springs (11 km from the city) are famous throughout the country for their healing properties. Daegu City is famous for apples and textile industry. For several centuries, the city served as the main center for the wholesale trade in medicinal drugs: honey, as well as ginseng, mushrooms, and nuts. The city of Chongzhou is the center of Korean culture and art. Ulsan is the leading center of Korean industries such as oil refining, automotive, petrochemicals, and shipbuilding. Busan is South Korea's main international trading port. More than 90% of the total turnover of containerized cargo passes through this port. Jeju Island is one of the nine provinces of Korea. Due to its isolated position and favorable climate, the island is a popular holiday destination. The southwestern regions of the country are famous for their fertile paddy fields. These places are often called the "breadbasket" of Korea. The fields descend to the very coast, which is indented by numerous small bays. The southeastern regions of Korea have the largest number of tourist attractions. The main cities in these places are Gyeongju, Busan and Daegu. Several hotels located along the coast, beaches and mountains make the east coast an ideal place to relax. In small coastal towns and in the depths of mountains overgrown with dense forests, many historical monuments can be found. Ski resorts have been built for outdoor enthusiasts in the mountains. The central regions of South Korea are a land covered with wide patches of paddy fields located in the middle of numerous mountains and hills. CAMBODIA. The Kingdom of Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia, in the south of the Indochina peninsula. The population is 12.5 million people (2000). The state religion is Buddhism. The symbol of Cambodia, Angkor Wat is a unique complex of ancient temples. It is the towers of temples built in the 12th century that are depicted on the national flag of the country. Cambodia is an agricultural country (the share of agriculture in GDP is 53%, and industry - 5%). A civil war ended relatively recently in it, which claimed a huge number of lives. For tourists arriving in Phnom Penh, the capital of the Kingdom of Cambodia, a mandatory part of the program is a visit to the "Genocide Museum". In one of the four buildings of the museum from 1975 to 1979, when the country was ruled by the Khmer Rouge, there were torture chambers. As follows from the statistics, Cambodia is perhaps the poorest country in Asia. The per capita income is approximately three hundred US dollars per year. The economy of Cambodia is based on income from the textile industry and tourism. The textile industry is represented mainly by small factories that make windbreakers, trousers, and T-shirts for America, Japan, and Western Europe. An insignificant number of tourists (about 400 thousand per year) is explained by instability, backward infrastructure, and a high crime rate. In neighboring Cambodia VIETNAM tourists visit the central cities of Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. One of the most famous sights of the country is the Mausoleum of Ho Chi Minh City, the leader of the Communist Party and the organizer of the liberation war against the French colonialists. Despite the preserved socialist status, Vietnam is a country with a dynamically developing economy. In the country, in particular, in Hanoi - its capital, active hotel construction is underway. Vietnam in recent years has become a leader in a number of positions, such as coffee production. The tourism industry is also growing. Vietnam has a number of modern resorts: Nha Trang, Phan Thiet, Danang, Dalat. Nha Trang is the most famous resort in Vietnam, located on the shores of the bay of the same name. The resort is famous not only for its white beaches, but also for its healing springs. The air filled with eucalyptus aroma has a beneficial effect on people suffering from respiratory diseases. Phan Thiet is a famous resort located in the south of the country, with golden beaches and equipped golf courses. Danang is a major seaport. In the vicinity of the city there is also a resort area - a place for those who like to relax on the sea. In addition to swimming in the sea, tourists can enjoy sailing, water skiing, and diving here. The high-mountain resort Dalat, which attracts with the beauties of local nature, is popular: waterfalls, lakes, pine forests, flower beds. There are many architectural monuments in Vietnam, reminiscent of the reign of the Nguyen dynasty. These are tombs, pagodas, and the most famous among them is the seven-story pagoda "Thien My". A significant part of the country's territory is occupied by tropical jungles. In Vietnam, the industry of national parks is gradually beginning to take shape, where tourists can enjoy views of virgin forests and exotic animals. Vietnam, Cambodia - countries where Buddhism is the state religion. In these countries there are numerous Buddhist monasteries, temples and pagodas, which are constantly visited.

21. Tourism is one of the leading and most dynamic sectors of the economy and has been recognized as the Economic Phenomenon of the Century for its rapid pace. In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in the formation of the Gross Domestic Product, the activation of the foreign trade balance, the creation of additional jobs and employment of the population. Tourism has a huge impact on such key sectors of the economy as transport and communications, construction, agriculture, production of consumer goods and others, i.е. acts as a kind of stabilizer of socio-economic development. In turn, the development of tourism is influenced by various factors: demographic, natural-geographical, socio-economic, historical, religious and political and legal. From an economic point of view, tourism is a special type of consumption of material goods, services and goods by tourists, which stands out as a separate branch of the economy that provides the tourist with everything necessary: ​​vehicles, food, accommodation, cultural and community services, entertainment events. Thus, in some countries tourism is one of the most promising sectors of the national economy. The purpose of this work is to analyze the problems and prospects for the development of international tourism, and the role of Russia in the international market of tourism services. Achieving this goal required solving the following tasks: - General characteristics of the state of the tourism services market, and its main participants - Analysis of the forms and types of tourism - Analysis of the dynamics and trends in the development of the tourism services market - Acquaintance with the history of tourism development in Russia; - Identification of problems and prospects for the development of tourism in Russia. - An overview of the factors contributing to the development of tourism in the country. The qualification work consists of two chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the economic essence and content of tourism. The chapter discusses the concept of tourism, its forms and types, the main market participants, analyzes the dynamics and trends in the development of the tourism services market. In the second chapter, the problems and tasks of tourism development in the Russian Federation are considered; analysis of the current state of tourism development in Russia; as well as the facts and prospects for the development of the tourism business in the Russian Federation. In the process of solving the above tasks, an analysis of scientific sources, scientific literature, textbooks and manuals, Internet resources, processing of reports from world organizations, analytical reviews of consulting agencies, statistical data in the field of foreign economic activity was carried out. In the course of writing, the works of such authors were used: Papiryan G.A., Zorin Gulyaev V.G., Senin V.S. etc. The relevance of the work. The last decades of the 20th and 21st centuries are characterized by profound changes in the world economy. There is an intensive expansion of trade, cultural, scientific and technical ties and the development of tourism. Economic and social progress in many countries of the world leads to the expansion of interstate trips for various purposes. All this makes contacts between business people and large groups of the population a permanent factor in economic development. On this basis, statistics show that international tourism is becoming an extremely promising area of ​​economic activity. It has become an economically profitable business. Naturally, on this basis, all forms of planning, organization, control and motivation of tourism management develop and improve. It reflects the administrative, financial, strategic activities of travel companies and enterprises.

Since tourism occupies an important place in the economy of many countries, the problems of improving international tourism are relevant. Experts from all countries are working on these problems. An important role in solving these problems belongs to financial management. Industry development projects include skillful planning, organization of work, strengthening the motivation of employees and improving control. Therefore, the achievements of financial management in the field of tourism should be studied and disseminated.

Based on the understanding of modern problems of international tourism, the topic of the graduation project was chosen. It provides for the analysis of theoretical problems of tourism development and financial management in this field of activity, the development of promising areas and their use.

Thus, the relevance of the work is expressed in the fact that the project presents the theoretical and production aspects of improving management in tourism organizations in Russia and Uzbekistan.

The purpose of the graduation project is to show the role of international tourism in the economies of the world, the formation of this sector of the economy during the transition to the market in the CIS countries and the need to improve financial management in the work of travel companies.

The objectives of the study are to study the problem of international tourism and financial management in this field of activity, to show the author's ability to analyze and engage in research work.

The object of the study is to analyze the activities of travel companies in some countries of the world, as well as in Russia and Uzbekistan. For this purpose, materials on this problem published in the open press of different countries of the world and especially Uzbekistan are used.

The project writing methodology is based on the specific application of the basic provisions of economic theory in relation to the problem under study, namely: the method of analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction, etc. It uses a descriptive method, a method of comparative analysis, statistical tables, diagrams, graphs.

Literature. When preparing the graduation project, textbooks on enterprise economics and management, special monographs, articles on the problem, as well as data from statistical reference books were used.

The practical significance of the diploma lies in the collection and analysis of a large amount of factual material that can be used in this sector of the economy.