Baturin city history. Baturinskaya tragedy - the capture of Baturin. Baturin as part of Tsarist Russia

It has been inhabited by people since the Neolithic era. The settlement continued in the Bronze Age and in the Scythian period, as evidenced by the remains relevant settlements. In the 13th century, there was a Old Russian settlement.

History of the XVI-XVII centuries

History of the 20th century

In 1923, districts were created in the Chernigov province, and districts instead of volosts. Baturin became the center of the Konotop district of the Chernihiv province. In 1925 the provinces were liquidated. In 1932, after another administrative-territorial reform, Baturin became part of the newly created Chernihiv region.

Since 1960, Baturyn has been an urban-type settlement.

Modern history

Currently, 5 objects are being reconstructed in Baturyn: the citadel, the palace of Hetman Razumovsky, the house of Kochubey, the Resurrection Church and the Resurrection School at the temple. The village has a cinema and a public library.

A bus line connects Baturin with Bakhmach and Konotop. The nearest railway station is Bakhmach.

On October 7, Baturyn officially became the "Eastern residence of the President of Ukraine" (he has more than a dozen official residences in total)

For all lovers of history and architecture, the National Historical and Cultural Reserve "Hetman's Capital" is a must-see place.

This unique reserve, which is located in the city Baturin in the Chernihiv region, unites priceless monuments of history, architecture, culture, archeology and nature: the palace and park ensemble of Kirill Razumovsky, the house of the general judge Vasily Kochubey, the Baturin Museum of Archeology, the Resurrection Church-tomb of Hetman Razumovsky, the Kochubeevsky park, the Nikolo-Krupitsky Monastery, Citadel of the Baturin fortress.

And since it is the city of Baturyn that is located on the banks of the Seim River, in the warm season its visit can be combined with a pleasant outdoor recreation.

Baturyn is the most striking landmark of the Cossack era, since for a long time the city was the residence of the hetmans of the Left-Bank Ukraine, in particular, Ivan Mazepa, Pylyp Orlyk and Kirill Razumovsky.

The central object of the reserve "Hetman's Capital" is a three-story Palace of the last Hetman of Ukraine Kirill Razumovsky, built in 1799-1803. architect Charles Cameron. For a long time the palace was in a state of neglect, but in 2003-2008 it was restored, and it acquired its current appearance. The palace has 55 rooms, but only some of them are open to visitors.

universetoday.com
This is how Razumovsky's palace looked before restoration

After the death of Razumovsky, his son Andrei mainly lived in Vienna and was not at all interested in the palace, which the steward was in charge of. Soon after the death of the hetman, a major fire broke out in the palace, which, according to one version, was set up by the steward himself in order to cover up the traces of his own thefts.

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In the 20th century, there were several attempts to restore the palace, but it only came to fruition at the beginning of the third millennium.

The area around the palace is occupied by a beautiful landscaped park, where you can take a walk and relax, admiring the flowering of roses, of which there are many varieties growing in the park.

justmedia.ru
Nice to walk around the palace

Fans of walks and natural parks will love Baturyn Kochubeevsky park- a unique monument of gardening art of the XVII century. The park was created by the general judge Vasily Kochubey on the basis of a natural oak forest. There are more than 30 species of trees and shrubs on 10 hectares of the park.

qmagazine.ro
Kochubeevsky Park enchants with its tranquility

House of Kochubey, built in the second half of the 17th century, has also survived to this day. This is the only building in Baturyn from the time of the hetmans Demyan Mnogohrishny, Ivan Samoylovich and Ivan Mazepa. Now in the house of Kochubey there is a museum of local lore. The exposition of the museum should highlight the love correspondence of Hetman Ivan Mazepa with his mistress, Kochubey's daughter Motreya.

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Mazepa intended to marry Motra, but ran into fierce resistance from Kochubey. " My heart!May God separate with his soul who separates us!", - Mazepa wrote in one of his letters to Motra.

kaknam.com
There is a museum in Kochubey's house

Another landmark of architecture in Baturyn, Resurrection Church, was built in 1803, simultaneously with the Razumovsky Palace. The church was built on the site of the destroyed Mazepa Trinity Cathedral, and, according to legend, it was built from the brick of the dismantled Mazepa tower. Razumovsky died in the year the construction of the temple was completed, and, according to the will of the hetman, he was buried in a crypt on the territory of the Resurrection Church. This is one of the few graves of Ukrainian hetmans that has survived to this day.

2014godloshadi.com
Razumovsky is buried on the territory of the Ascension Church

Baturin fortress citadel- this is a reproduction of the Cossack fortress, with the hetman's house in the center. The fortress is completely wooden, since in the 17-18th century artillery reached such heights that it destroyed any castles, so an ordinary tree coated with clay gave a ricochet from artillery cannonballs and bombs.

z-city.com.ua
Baturin fortress was rebuilt recently

The authentic citadel with a fortress was completely destroyed in 1708 by the Moscow army led by Prince Alexander Menshikov. And the Muscovites brutally killed all the inhabitants of the fortress. The reason was that hetman Ivan Mazepa opposed Peter I in the war on the side of the Kingdom of Sweden. The citadel was restored in 2008.

From the observation deck on the entrance tower of the Citadel at a height of 29 meters, a picturesque view of the floodplain of the Seim River opens.

z-city.com.ua
Beautiful view from the Baturin fortress

Ten kilometers from Baturin, in the village of Osich, there is an operating Nikolo-Krupitsky Convent. The history of the monastery begins in the pre-Mongolian period, and at the time when Baturyn was the capital of the Hetmanate, the monastery was the religious center of the entire Left-Bank Ukraine.

iloveukraine.com.ua
Once the Nikolo-Krupitsky Monastery was the religious center of Ukraine

There are several ways to get to Baturin. The easiest of them is to drive about 200 km from Kyiv along the Kyiv-Moscow E-101 highway with your own vehicle. You can also go by train to the cities of Bakhmach or Konotop, and from there - by regular buses to Baturin.

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Memorial sign at the site of the residence of Hetman Mazepa

Ancient life on the territory of Baturin[ | ]

History of the XVI-XVII centuries[ | ]

In the same year, 1708, the hetman's residence was moved from Baturin to Hlukhiv.

In 1750-1764. the city was the residence of Hetman Kirill Razumovsky. With the death of Razumovsky, the city finally loses its significance.

After the liquidation of the regimental division, in 1781 the city became part of the Chernigov governorate, in 1796 - in the Little Russian province, in 1802 - in the Konotop district of the Chernigov province.

1918 - 1991 [ | ]

Since 1960, Baturyn has been an urban-type settlement.

Modern history[ | ]

Castle of Hetman Razumovsky

Currently [ When?] in Baturyn, 5 objects are being reconstructed: the citadel, the palace of Hetman Razumovsky, the house of Kochubey, the Resurrection Church and the Resurrection School at the temple [

In 1989, a former factory worker, junior researcher Elena Baturina began a long and difficult journey to the top of the business. In 1991, the Inteko company appeared, which is engaged in the production of household items made of plastic. In 2002, the main activity is supplemented by the construction of buildings on the basis of house-building plant No. 3, which is gradually supplemented by cement plants and its own bank. Since 2011, the entrepreneur has been moving her business abroad, where she continues her development activities. In 2016, she was noted in Forbes as the richest woman in Russia with a fortune of $ 1.1 billion.

It is believed that big business is a sphere of fierce competition and harsh natural selection, the lot of men. Sometimes ladies manifest themselves in it no worse than the strong half of humanity.

The history of Elena Baturina's business creation is a vivid example of how a woman, a mother of two daughters, a caring wife, managed to take on the heavy burden of a business, make it profitable and achieve unconditional success.

Elena Nikolaevna Baturina- an entrepreneur, founder of the Inteko corporation, the only female billionaire in Russia, whose fortune, according to Forbes, was estimated at $ 1.1 billion in 2016, the wife of the former mayor of Moscow, Yuri Luzhkov. Her story is striking in that she managed to achieve success in completely “non-female” industries - industrial production and construction.

“It's good that I'm a woman. A woman will always find something to do.

The results of Baturina's work in the stock market are also indicative: she has always effectively formed and restructured her investment portfolio, supplementing it with the assets of "blue chips" - Sberbank of Russia, Gazprom, etc.

A separate page in the biography of Elena Baturina is the numerous lawsuits she won (the total amount of compensation is estimated at 1-3 million rubles), mainly related to challenging the false information disseminated by the media.

“It seems to me that the poor, who cannot earn money, steal and take. I don't consider myself one of those."

Being the daughter of ordinary workers, forced to go to the factory immediately after graduation, Elena Baturina managed to overcome the abyss and top the list of the richest women in Russia.

In 1989, she began her business journey as part of a cooperative created together with her brother Victor. Two years later, her main brainchild appeared - the Inteko company, which became not only a key milestone in Baturina's business, but also a part of the history of Russia. After all, it was she who created a number of large construction projects in Moscow: the Shuvalovsky and Grand Park residential quarters, the Volzhsky microdistrict, the Fusion complex and the educational building of Moscow State University.

The personality of Elena Baturina is surrounded by numerous scandalous rumors. But one thing is for sure: this woman has succeeded in business, and she continues to implement successful projects.

“I know that if I allowed myself to do any illegal actions during more than 20 years of doing business, I would have bitten myself. And I am glad that my conscience is clear, as this allows me to look everyone in the eye quite openly today.

In 2010, the entrepreneur first got into the Forbes magazine rating with a fortune of $ 2.9 billion, and in 2011 she took 77th place in the list of successful Russian businessmen.

In 2012, Elena completely ceases her business activities in Russia and develops a development business in Europe. In 2013, she falls into the 12th line of the wealthiest people in the UK, where she moved in order to be close to her daughters.

In 2017, her net worth, according to Forbes, was $1 billion, down $100 million from the previous year. This allowed her to take the 90th line of the authoritative rating.

Until now, she continues to be the richest woman in Russia. Throughout the entire period of her entrepreneurial activity, Baturina has been a well-known philanthropist and philanthropist who has donated about $ 300 million for charitable purposes. In 2012, she created the BE OPEN charity foundation.

How did it happen that a girl from a working-class family became the creator of the Inteko business empire? How did she manage to move from the production of plastic basins and glasses to the creation of large-scale construction projects, to maintain her fortune and reputation even after leaving Russia? The secrets of the success of the Russian businesswoman are in the history of the creation of her life's work.

Girl from a family of workers

On the eve of International Women's Day - March 8, 1963, a daughter, Elena, was born in a family of workers at the Moscow Frezer plant. She became the second child and the long-awaited girl. In childhood, the baby was distinguished by poor health. None of the relatives could have imagined that the fragile Lenochka would turn out to be a strict, assertive, purposeful and in some places extremely tough entrepreneur.

The family did not live well, because Elena had to enter the factory at the age of 17. After working the day shift, the girl hurried to evening classes at the institute. This challenging schedule laid the foundations for a strong character.

After graduation, she was invited to work at a research institute. In an effort to build a career, Baturina agreed.

Reference: Elena's activities at the Moscow Institute of Economic Problems were successful: she quickly became a researcher, and later - head of the secretariat. Later, she was called to the commission of the Moscow City Executive Committee for the position of chief specialist, where she first met her future husband, Yuri Luzhkov.
Source: Forbes

However, the monotonous work in government institutions seemed to Elena Baturina boring and out of touch with reality. There was only one solution - to go into business.

The first steps and the birth of Inteko

In 1989, a cooperative was registered for the sale and installation of software in the name of Elena Baturina. The co-founder was her older brother Victor. However, the lack of sufficient start-up capital and knowledge of how to start a business did not allow the business to gain momentum.

But Elena was not going to give up. In 1991, she created Inteko LLP, which became known as a manufacturer of plastic products - dishes, household items, chairs, etc. The decision turned out to be successful, since this was a relatively new field of activity for Russia.

“Russia is not Europe, where all niches have long been occupied. 18 years ago, in our nascent market, there was practically an empty field, it was only necessary to choose the right direction in which to move. We decided to go into production."

In 1994, the company, using mainly borrowed capital (according to rough estimates - 6 million rubles), acquired a plastics processing plant. Thanks to the victory in 1998 in a tender for the supply of 80,000 plastic seats for the Luzhniki stadium, the company managed to repay the loan.

Elena Baturina's company managed not only to survive the 1998 default, but even to reorganize into a CJSC and gain a significant foothold in the Russian market. In the early 2000s, it accounted for:

1/4 of the output of all plastic products in the country;
15-20% of the plastics market.

Moreover, since 1999, Inteko has begun to follow a diversification strategy: along with plastic products, it is moving to the production of modern finishing materials (for panel and monolithic construction), practices architectural design and real estate business.

Development of the construction industry

Elena Baturina did not stop there. Until the early 2000s, she kept an eye on the construction industry. However, the lack of impressive free capital and concerns about high risks interfered.

A chance helped her to infiltrate the industry. In 2001, the lawyer of the widow of the director of the Moscow House-Building Plant No. 3 came to the entrepreneur. Frightened by the threats of competitors, the woman offered Inteko to buy a block of shares from her (52%). Elena realized that this was a chance, and agreed to the deal.

Between 2002 and 2005 the new enterprise erected on average up to 500 thousand square meters of housing per year.

Interesting fact: During the heyday of the construction business, Baturina's daughters, Elena (2002) and Olga (2004), are born.

Baturina realized that the further expansion and diversification of Inteko could bring her serious results. And, without neglecting the possibility of using borrowed capital, she continued her journey in the ocean of business.

“To succeed, a woman needs to be head and shoulders above her partners and competitors”

In subsequent years, the Inteko group of companies is continually replenished with new members:

2002 - spin-off of the construction company Strategi LLC, which specializes in the construction of monolithic buildings, as part of Inteko;
2003 - acquisition of two cement plants;
2004 - purchase of shares in four enterprises for the production of building materials;
2005 - purchase of assets of the Russian Land Bank (RZB), mainly for the purpose of securing financial transactions for the core business.

The active growth of Baturina's business allowed her to engage in the construction of elite buildings and standard houses. The design bureau, which functioned as part of Inteko from the first years of its activity, created sketches of apartments with an improved layout and worked out the design of facades in detail.

The economies of scale and a balanced approach to business are the main criteria for Baturina's victories in public and private tenders.

There is an opinion that many orders went to her due to the high position of her husband. However, it is worth paying attention to the fact that all the tasks assigned to Inteko were carried out with high quality and on time. Here we were already talking about the personal qualities of an entrepreneur, and not about an influential husband.

“It's all about the genes - a person is either a natural leader or not. I have always been a leader"

In 2005, Elena Baturina decides to concentrate her efforts on the construction of monolithic housing and commercial real estate: this direction brought Inteko the greatest profit. As a result, she sells DMK No. 3 and all cement plants and invests most of the proceeds in her core business.

At the same time, the original direction of Inteko's functioning was not forgotten: the corporation provided most of the bistros in Moscow and the Moscow region with plastic utensils.

She used the remaining amount to purchase securities of Russia's largest corporations (mainly shares of Sberbank and Gazprom). This step was regarded by many analysts as very far-sighted: it was he who helped Inteko to stay afloat in 2008-2009, when the entrepreneur sold part of high-yielding shares and covered burning bank loans.

“I don’t think that I have made a dizzying career, because all my life I dreamed of being an analyst. Someone to sit as a gray cardinal and write analytical materials.