The highest mountain in the Ural Mountains. Geographical position of the Ural Mountains. The highest peak of the Ural Mountains. Ural mountains. Heights, climate, photos, minerals of the Ural Mountains. Briefly precious stones, flora and fauna of the Ural Mountains

The length of the Ural Mountains from south to north is 2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east from 50 to 150 kilometers. In ancient times, the mountains of the Urals were called Riphean, and until the 18th century they were called “belt” (translated from Turkic, “Ural” means belt). Since ancient times, the Urals has been considered a natural border separating two parts of the world - and. The Ural Mountains are relatively low: only a few peaks reach a height of 1.5 thousand meters above sea level, and the highest of them (Mount Narodnaya) is 1895 meters.

The area occupied by the Urals is close to 400,000 km2, and if we count all the foothills, then to 1,100,000 km2. The main ridge is lower than the parallel ridges accompanying it. The western slope of its canopy, and the eastern steep. On the west side are most of the parallel ranges, with higher peaks to the south than the main range. In many places, the Ural does not give the impression of a significant mountain range due to its gradual rise, especially if it is approached from the west. All along there is not a single peak with permanent snow, even in the far north. In relation to the Urals, it can be divided into several parts: Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle and Southern.

Slope Peoples. One of the highest points of the Ural Mountains

Polar Ural

The northernmost part of the Urals consists of stony placers (rocks and remnants). The flora and fauna are quite scarce. Even mosses and lichens do not create a continuous cover. The most significant peaks are the mountains: Payer (1472 meters) and Konstantinov Kamen (492 meters).

Subpolar Urals

This part of the Urals is characterized by the highest heights of the ridges. Here, traces of glaciation are visible quite clearly. Even the names of the mountains speak eloquently of their pointed peaks (Blade Peak, Saber Mountain). The highest point of the Ural Mountains (Mount Narodnaya) is also located here. Stone peaks and the mountain in the lower part of the slope are replaced here. The southern border of this part of the Urals is located at 64° north latitude.

Northern Ural

The mountains here take on the character of a real range, quite high, rocky and completely treeless. Then the ridge takes a southwestern direction. Further to the southwest, the ridge narrows, and the slopes cover it. To the south is a mountain junction with one of the highest points of the entire Urals - Mount Telposiz (1617 meters). Further south, the heights of individual peaks drop to 1000 meters, and then even lower. In general, the average height of the Northern Urals is about 900 meters. Numerous rivers originate on its slopes, forming tributaries of the Pechora and Kama in the west, and the Ob in the east.

Ural mountains

Middle Ural

The Middle Urals starts from Mount Yurma, located at the source of the Ufa River. It, too, for the most part consists of two parallel ranges, the western one being lower, but forming a dividing line between Europe and Asia, and the eastern one being higher. Its most elevated peaks are as follows: Denezhkin stone (1492 meters), Konzhakovsky stone (1569 meters). Further south, the heights decrease, and the width of the ridge also becomes smaller. In the Ural region, in its northern part, it is low (nowhere does it exceed 700 meters), while its slopes here are very gentle. Further south, the ridge gradually rises (up to 850 meters). Numerous spurs (branches of the ridge) separate from the west, reaching as far as the Kama and the Volga River, while the eastern spurs quickly drop and merge with the West Siberian lowland.

Southern Urals

The southern part of the Urals consists of the main, but lower ridge and the parallel ridges accompanying it. The western slope of its canopy, and the eastern steep and precipitous. To the west of the main ridge there is a series of meridional ridges with a general direction from northeast to southwest. The highest point is Mount Yamantau (1640 meters). In general, the farther from the central part of the Ural ridge to the west, the lower the heights and the transition to the slightly undulating terrain of the Urals takes place very gradually. On the contrary, on the eastern side of the Urals, already at a short distance from it, the terrain almost completely loses its mountainous character and presents a completely flat surface. The rivers of this part of the Urals are different in nature, depending on which slope they originate from.

The Ural Mountains are located between various tectonic structures (the Russian Platform and the West Siberian Plate), which explains their formation. From the Russian Urals separates the Cis-Ural foredeep, consisting of sedimentary and continental climates of Western Siberia. reach the western slope of the Urals, trying to overcome it, rise higher and cool. As a result, more precipitation falls in the western part of the Urals than in the eastern part (approximately 1.5-2 times). The temperature regime also has its own characteristics. In the western part of the Urals, winters are more snowy and, accordingly, milder. In the east, snow falls less, and frosts reach 45-50°C.

There are quite a large number of rivers in the Urals, the largest of which flow from east to west. There are also about 6 thousand in this area.

The Ural Mountains are located on the territory of Kazakhstan and Russia, and are considered one of the oldest mountains in the world. This mountain system is a natural feature between Europe and Asia, conditionally divided into several parts:

• Polar Ural;
• Subpolar Urals;
• Northern Urals;
• Middle Ural;
• Southern Urals.

The highest mountain peak, Mt. Narodnaya, reached 1895 meters, earlier the mountain system was much higher, but eventually collapsed. The Ural Mountains cover a length of 2,500 kilometers. They are rich in various minerals and rocks, precious stones, platinum, gold and other minerals are mined.

Climatic conditions

The Ural Mountains are located in the zone of the continental and temperate continental climatic zone. The peculiarity of the mountain range is that the change of seasons occurs differently in the foothills and at an altitude of 900 meters, where winter comes earlier. The first snow falls here in September, and the cover lies almost all year round. Snow can cover mountain peaks even in the hottest month of summer - in July. The wind, walking in the open area, makes it even more severe. The temperature minimum in winter reaches -57 degrees Celsius, and the maximum in summer rises to +33 degrees.

Nature of the Ural Mountains

In the foothills there is a zone of taiga forests, but the forest-tundra begins higher. The highest elevations pass into the tundra. This is where the locals walk their deer. The nature here is amazing, various types of flora grow and magnificent landscapes open up. There are turbulent rivers and clear lakes, as well as mysterious caves. The most famous of them is Kungura, on the territory of which there are about 60 lakes and 50 grottoes.

Within the Ural Mountains is the Bazhovskie Mesto park. Here you can spend time in different ways: walking or cycling, riding a horse or kayaking down the river.

In the mountains there is a reserve "Rezhevskoy". Here are deposits of gems and ornamental stones. A mountain river flows on the territory, on the banks of which there is a mystical stone Shaitan, and the indigenous people revere it. In one of the parks there is an ice fountain from which underground waters gush.

The Ural Mountains are a unique natural phenomenon. They are quite low in height, but they contain many interesting natural areas. In order to preserve the ecosystem of the mountains, several parks and a reserve have been organized here, which is a significant contribution to the conservation of the nature of our planet.

The main treasure of the Urals, rich in various forests and waters, is the mountains, or rather, innumerable riches (minerals) hidden in their mighty and immense bowels. After all, mountains with their ores make it possible to build cities and factories, and the result of all this is the prosperity of life.

Mountains and the Ural area is famous. Among the amazing indescribable beauty is the highest mountain Narodnaya (Ural), which will be discussed in the future.

Location of the Ural Mountains

From the most marshy tundra (cloudberry) of the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the feather grass steppes of Kazakhstan, a majestic ridge created by nature stretches across the endless plains - the Ural Mountains. They represent a continuous series of diverse, amazingly beautiful landscapes of nature.

The harsh majesty of the peaks of these places impresses with its atmosphere of freshness and eternity.

Mountain country Ural

There is no list by the number of mountains in the Urals yet. However, there are a lot of peaks. And practically each of them has a name (oronym), which is a kind of monument of history, language, spiritual culture. The names of the mountains tell a lot: about the people who lived and live in these parts or who once visited these beautiful places.

According to the names of the mountains, there is an unusual oronymic dictionary. They are presented in the book in the order established by nature - from north to south (from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the Aral steppes).

The fabulous Ural mountainous country consists of the following sections: Pai-Khoi, Ural Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle, Southern and Mugodzhary. Among all the numerous peaks, Mount Narodnaya is located.

landscapes

In the intermountain valleys there are numerous springs with crystal clear water and lakes with beautiful shades of turquoise.

From here, water flows begin their long journey to the largest rivers in Russia: the Ob, Pechora, Kama.

The slopes were covered with bushes and trees twisted by severe winds. The mixed taiga of the Southern Urals covers the slopes of the mountains with its greenery.

And the river valleys have long been inhabited by the Bashkirs, who gave interesting names to many rivers and hills. For example, the highest peak in these places is called Yamantau (in translation - "bad mountain"). 1640 meters - its height above sea level.

The Middle Urals is notable for being the lowest point of the Stone Belt. Here, only a few hills rise just above the border of the forest. And the rivers somehow enliven these places.

Closer to the north, where Mount Narodnaya is located, the Ural Range is steadily gaining height of its peaks. Here you can see gigantic, reaching to the very clouds, giant mountains: Denezhkin, Konzhakovsky and Kosvinsky stones. Powerful cliffs, clouds constantly hanging over the slopes, strong winds and glaciers - all this can be seen in the vast expanses of the Urals.

Description of Mount Narodnaya

Outwardly, it does not stand out from the rest of the mountains of the Subpolar Urals with anything other than a powerful height.

It is noteworthy that it has cars and circuses with lakes hidden in their depths.

There are also glaciers and snowfields. The terrain is an alpine relief, with deep gorges and steep slopes. In alpine zones there are massifs with flat tops.

Mount Narodnaya (Komi): location

The mountain is geographically located in the Khanty-Mansiysk district of the Tyumen region. Half a kilometer away is the Komi Republic.

Although this peak is located in the Subpolar Urals in a remote area, from the very day the mountain was discovered, this place has become a favorite area for tourists and lovers of romance.

Its geographic coordinates: 65°02 s. latitude, 60°07 east d.

Mount Narodnaya: photo, meaning of the name

Top Narodnaya was discovered in 1927 by geologist A. N. Aleshkov during an expedition to the Northern Urals.

Its name has two forms: with stress on the first syllable and with stress on the second syllable. The first name is justified by the fact that at the very foot of the mountain there is the Narod River (emphasis on "A").

The second name is explained by the fact that from the 20s to the 30s of the last century it was customary in the country to dedicate names to various patriotic symbols of the renewed state (for example, Communism Peak, Lenin Peak). In the case of the Ural peak, this refers to the dedication to the entire Soviet people. This is the essence of the name "Narodnaya Mountain". The height of the most important peak of the Urals is 1895 meters.

The history of the discovery of the highest peak of the Urals

Initially, Mount Saber (its height is 1497 meters) was considered the highest peak of the Ural Mountains. Then this title passed to the top of Telpos-Iz (translated as “nest of winds”), the height of which is 1617 meters. Subsequently, as research progressed, Mount Manarage took the lead (the height was originally determined at 1660 meters).

Then there were scientific disputes about the primacy between the peaks of Manarage (new data on height - 1820 meters) and Narodnaya. The final real height of the first was still 1660 m, and as a result, Mount Narodnaya is recognized as the highest today.

History of territory exploration

Mount Narodnaya has a very poor history of development due to the difficult accessibility of these areas (hundreds of kilometers from the nearest settlements).

The very first expedition of scientists led by the Hungarian explorer Antal Reguli visited these places from 1843 to 1845. This group studied the life and language of the Mansi people, their beliefs and customs. Thanks to Antal, the kinship of the Finnish, Hungarian, Khanty and Mansi languages ​​was proved for the first time.

Back in 1847-1850, the expedition of E.K. Hoffmann. Mount Narodnaya was discovered and explored only in 1927 by the expedition of the geologist Aleshkov, who gave the peak such a patriotic name (from the Russian word for "people").

On this mountain in 1998, a worship cross with the words "Save and save" was installed. A year later, Orthodox believers organized a religious procession to its top. The mountain is also notable for the fact that there are peaks around it that have names in honor of famous geologists, Karpinsky and Didkovsky, who made an important contribution to the study of this area.

All these amazing natural monuments attract with their romantic beauty, inexplicable grandeur and friendliness.

Cis-Ural marginal foredeep with relatively gentle sedimentation in the western side and more complex in the eastern side; the zone of the western slope of the Urals with the development of intensely crumpled and thrust-disturbed sedimentary strata of the Lower and Middle Paleozoic; the Central Ural uplift, where among the sedimentary strata of the Paleozoic and Upper Precambrian, older crystalline rocks of the edge of the East European Platform outcrop in places; a system of troughs-synclinoria of the eastern slope (the largest are Magnitogorsk and Tagil), made mainly by Middle Paleozoic volcanic strata and marine, often deep-sea sediments, as well as deep-seated igneous rocks (gabbroids, granitoids, less often alkaline intrusions) that break through them - the so-called. greenstone belt of the Urals; Ural-Tobolsk anticlinorium with outcrops of older metamorphic rocks and wide development of granitoids; East Ural synclinorium, in many respects similar to Tagil-Magnitogorsk.

At the base of the first three zones, according to geophysical data, an ancient, Early Precambrian, basement is confidently traced, composed mainly of metamorphic and igneous rocks and formed as a result of several epochs of folding. The oldest, presumably Archean, rocks come to the surface in the Taratash ledge on the western slope of the Southern Urals. Pre-Ordovician rocks in the basement of the synclinories of the eastern slope of the Urals are unknown. It is assumed that the Paleozoic volcanic strata of synclinoria are based on thick plates of hypermafic and gabbroids, which in some places come to the surface in the massifs of the Platinum-bearing belt and other related belts; these plates, possibly, are outcasts of the ancient oceanic bed of the Ural geosyncline. In the east, in the Ural-Tobolsk anticlinorium, outcrops of Precambrian rocks are rather problematic. The Paleozoic deposits of the western slope of the Urals are represented by limestones, dolomites, sandstones, formed in conditions of predominantly shallow seas. To the east, deeper sediments of the continental slope are traced in a discontinuous band. Even further east, within the eastern slope of the Urals, the Paleozoic (Ordovician, Silurian) section begins with altered volcanic rocks of basalt composition and jasper, comparable to the rocks of the bottom of modern oceans. In places above the section, there are thick, also altered spilite-natro-liparitic strata with deposits of copper pyrite ores. Younger deposits of the Devonian and partly Silurian are mainly represented by andesite-basalt, andesite-dacitic volcanics and greywackes, corresponding to the stage in the development of the eastern slope of the Urals, when the oceanic crust was replaced by a transitional type crust.

Carboniferous deposits (limestones, grey-wackes, acidic and alkaline volcanics) are associated with the latest, continental stage of development of the eastern slope of the Urals. At the same stage, the main mass of Paleozoic, essentially potassium, granites of the Urals, which formed pegmatite veins with rare valuable minerals, also intruded. In the Late Carboniferous-Permian, sedimentation on the eastern slope of the Urals almost stopped and a folded mountain structure formed here; on the western slope at that time, the Cis-Ural marginal foredeep was formed, filled with a thick (up to 4-5 km) strata of detrital rocks that were carried down from the Urals - molasse. Triassic deposits have been preserved in a number of depressions-grabens, the occurrence of which in the north and east of the Urals was preceded by basalt (trap) magmatism. Younger strata of Mesozoic and Cenozoic platform deposits gently overlap folded structures along the periphery of the Urals. It is assumed that the Paleozoic structure of the Urals was laid down in the Late Cambrian - Ordovician as a result of the splitting of the Late Precambrian continent and the expansion of its fragments, as a result of which a geosynclinal depression was formed with crust and oceanic-type sediments in its inner part. Subsequently, the expansion was replaced by compression, and the oceanic basin began to gradually close and “overgrow” with the newly formed continental crust; the nature of magmatism and sedimentation changed accordingly. The modern structure of the Urals bears traces of the strongest compression, accompanied by a strong transverse contraction of the geosynclinal depression and the formation of gentle scaly overthrusts - ridges.

From the swampy tundras of the Arctic, completely dotted with cloudberries, to the feather grass steppes of Kazakhstan, a grandiose natural stone structure, the Ural Mountains, stretches for more than 2,500 kilometers through vast plains covered with taiga. On a map or from a bird's eye view, you can see how they either expand as backstage parallel ridges, or narrow down to a “narrow” strip (only 30 km), sometimes they almost get lost among the hills overgrown with centuries-old trees, and suddenly suddenly soar in fantastic bulks dotted with scattering domes, over the taiga sea. The Ural Range is a continuous succession of diverse natural landscapes replacing each other.

Geography: Ural Mountains

This stone massif with the territories adjacent to it is usually divided into four parts: the Polar, Subpolar, Middle and Southern Urals. Each of them has its own climatic conditions, its vegetation, its natural resources. If you look at the Ural Mountains on the map, you can see that they originate in the Arctic Ocean. The first peak is Konstantinov Kamen, its height is only 492 meters. This part of the mountain range is located on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic. The subpolar Urals originates from the Saber massif and then stretches along the meridian 59 ° N. sh. It consists of two parallel ridges. The territory of the Subpolar Urals ends with a rather high peak (1569 m), which is called the Konzhakovsky Stone. The middle part of this monumental natural structure lies between 56 and 59 degrees north latitude. The geographical position of the Ural Mountains also changes here. The meridional strike is replaced by a south-southeast direction. The last, fourth, part of the Ural massif originates from Mount Yurma and extends to the southern tip of the ridge, which is the widest and reaches about 200 kilometers.

Poetic digression

These gray-haired mountain ranges, smoothed by winds and time, today can no longer impress with either the steepness or the height of the slopes, but their severe majesty fills the air with the aroma of eternity. Here, intermountain valleys sheltered a huge number of crystal-clear springs and lakes of wonderful turquoise hues. From the ancient peaks, emerald streams begin their long run to large lakes and rivers - Pechora, Ob, Kama. The slopes are overgrown with shrubs and trees, which, under a piercing wind, convulsively cling to the cracks in the dilapidated rocks - a delicate and fragile beauty opens up to the eyes of the traveler. The remnants of the virgin forest cling to the stern and gloomy stone guards, as if asking them for protection from a man who brings death to the wild.

Natural characteristics of the Southern and Middle Urals

The nature of the southern part of the Ural ridge is soft and friendly. Mixed taiga covers the slopes. The cozy river valleys are inhabited by the Bashkir people, who gave names to most of the hills and rivers. Including the top of Yaman-Tau, which means "evil mountain". This peak of the Ural Mountains is the highest (1640 m) in these places. The middle part is the lowest of the entire Stone Belt. The abundance of rivers, carrying their waters among the majestic cliffs, enliven the space of wooded parmas (hills), where individual peaks rise above the border of the forest, drearily overlooking the green sea below. Here, on high ridges, one can meet both mountain tundra and real

Harsh North

Moving further north, the stone wall begins to gain height, the mountains look more and more severe and gloomy. It becomes clear why the locals called them that from ancient times. After all, the name "Ural" arose quite recently, in the 18th century, with the light hand of Tatishchev. And the people have always called and continue to call these mountains the Stone, or the Stone Belt. Even most of the peaks of the Urals have preserved the memory of this: Kosvinsky, Denezhkin, Konzhakovsky and many other stones. These giants reach up to the clouds, and the peaks are hidden behind a white curtain. From the description it can be seen that the unique geographical position of the Ural Mountains has absorbed various climatic and beauty of virgin nature cannot be expressed in words, it must be seen with one's own eyes.

If you go even further north, you can see the first caravans, snowfields and moraine ridges. Where the fast river Shchugor rushes to the Pechora, the giant Telpoz-Iz rose up, which means "nest of winds" in translation. This is the highest mountain of the Ural Mountains in this part of the Stone Belt, its height is 1617 m. It received its poetic name from the indigenous people - the Komi-Zyryans. The nest of winds stands out from the general mass with powerful rocky cliffs, strong winds and clouds and the first glaciers almost constantly hanging over the slopes. In the 15th century, the path through the Urals passed along the Shchugor River, and this notable peak was a landmark for travelers. Russian chronicles eloquently called her the Pillar. In those days, it was mistakenly believed that this was the highest mountain of the Ural Mountains. Further north you can see the Saber Peak (1497 m), it is clearly visible from the banks of the Pechora. In the middle of the 19th century, this peak also claimed the championship. And only in the 20th century the disputes ended, and it was established for certain that both of them are inferior to the mountain called Narodnaya, discovered in 1927.

The highest peak of the Ural Mountains: the history of discovery

In 1924-1928. in the northern unexplored regions of the Urals, an expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR led by B. Gorodkov was carried out. In June 1927, one of her detachments (led by geologist A. Aleshko) reached the headwaters of the Naroda River. The expedition, surveying the area, discovered a number of peaks that surpassed all previously known then in the Stone Belt. The highest point of the Ural Mountains was named Narodnaya in honor of the river near which it is located, and the tenth anniversary of the Soviet people (more on that below). In 1929, A. Aleshkov published a report of his expedition - "The Northern Urals (Lyapinsk Territory)". This was the first publication that reported on the highest peak of the Ural ridge. In addition, the author spoke about its neighbors: Karpinsky (1780 m) and Didkovsky (1750 m) peaks. With their discovery, disputes about primacy among the mountain peaks of this region (Saber, Telpoz-Iz, etc.) were over once and for all.

Folk or Folk?

Which syllable should be stressed? Scholars have debated this issue for a long time. Some claimed that the discoverer named it so in honor of the Soviet people. Their opponents argue that this highest mountain in the Ural Mountains takes its name from the Naroda River that flows at its foot. Naroda in translation from the Mansi language means "forest". It really originates in the forest. Meanwhile, scientists have found out that they called her Poengurr. Now it is impossible to find reliable information about what Aleshkov, the discoverer of the peak, had in mind. In his notes, he did not put stress and did not explain anything about this. So let's leave the disputes for scientists, and we ourselves will pay attention directly to this magnificent peak. The highest mountain of the Ural Mountains allows us to admire an indescribable panorama - the chaos of the mountains, a harsh, majestic and formidable land. Standing at the top of the peak, you understand that nothing has changed here, everything remains the same, like a hundred, two hundred or even a thousand years ago. Time freezes...

Popular tourist route

This highest mountain of the Ural Mountains and its surroundings interested fans of extreme recreation only at the end of the 50s of the last century. With the arrival of tourists here, the appearance of the mountain began to change. Various plaques and commemorative signs appeared here. Tourists have a custom - to leave notes on top. And in 1998, the Orthodox Church installed a worship cross here, on which is written "Save and save." In 1999, Christians went even further, they organized a religious procession to the highest point of the Urals.

Description of Mount Narodnaya

The slopes of this majestic peak are covered with kars - these are natural bowl-shaped depressions that are filled with ice and clear water. In addition, there are many large boulders. There are snowfields and glaciers. The relief in this part of the Stone Belt is mountainous, with deep gorges and sheer cliffs. Tourists must be very careful not to get injured. Moreover, the nearest housing is very, very far away. You can climb Narodnaya Peak along the western ridge, but there are very rocky steeps and a lot of cars, which greatly complicates the ascent. It is easier to climb the northern slope - along the spurs of the mountain. And the eastern side of the peak consists entirely of sheer walls and gorges.

Equipment

You don't need climbing equipment to climb this peak. Nevertheless, to make a hike in a deserted mountainous area, you should have a high-quality sports uniform. And in case of insufficient tourist experience, it is best to use the services of an experienced guide. It should be borne in mind that the climate of the circumpolar Urals is very severe. Here, even in summer, cold, changeable weather reigns. It is believed that the most favorable period for a trip to this region is July and the first half of August. When going on a trip, it should be borne in mind that the trip will last at least a week. There is no housing here, you will have to spend the night only in tents. Geographically, Mount Narodnaya belongs to the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. If you are not limited in time, then you can visit another point - the top of Managara. She, of course, is lower than Narodnaya, but she can surprise you with her extraordinary beauty.

How to get to Narodnaya Peak?

First you need to get by rail to the Verkhnyaya Inta station (Komi Republic). Here at st. Dzerzhinsky, 27a is the office of the national park "Yugyd Va". Participants of the hike must register and obtain permission to visit the territory. You need to know that the application is submitted in advance, 10 days before the trip. Having completed all the formalities, go to the bus station, from where you will get to the city of Inta. There is a hotel where you can stay, as it will take some time before being thrown into the mountain area. To do this, you will need to order a car that will take you to the Zhelannaya industrial base near Bolshoe Balbanty Lake. And from here on foot march 17 kilometers to the foot of the mountain along the Balbanyu River. Everything, the rise begins ...