The Himalayas are the largest mountain range in the world. Nepal, the Himalayas are the highest mountains on earth. Himalayas: photo, video, film, mountains on the map

Himalayas. View from space

Himalayas - "abode of snow", Hindi.

Geography

Himalayas - the highest mountain system of the globe, located in Asia (India, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan), between the Tibetan Plateau (in the north) and the Indo-Gangetic Plain (in the south). The Himalayas range from 73°E in the northwest to 95°E in the southeast. The total length is more than 2400 km, the maximum width is 350 km. The average height is about 6000 m. The height is up to 8848 m (Mount Everest), 11 peaks are more than 8 thousand meters.

The Himalayas are divided into three levels from south to north.

• Southern, lower step (Pre-Himalayas). Sivalik mountains, they are made up of the Dundva, Chouriagati (average height 900 m), Solya-Singi, Potvarskoe plateau, Kala Chitta and Margala ranges. The width of the step lies in the range from 10 to 50 km, the height is not more than 1000 m.

Kathmandu valley

• Small Himalayas, second step. Extensive highlands 80 - 100 km wide, average height - 3500 - 4000 m. Maximum height - 6500 m.

Includes part of the Kashmir Himalayas - Pir-Panjal (Kharamush - 5142 m).

Between the outlying ridge of the second stage, called Dauladar "White Mountains"(average height - 3000 m) and the Main Himalayas at an altitude of 1350 - 1650 m lie the valleys of Srinagar (Kashmir Valley) and Kathmandu.

• The third stage is the Great Himalayas. This step is strongly dissected and forms a large chain of ridges. The maximum width is 90 km, the height is 8848 m. The average height of the passes reaches 4500 m, some exceed 6000 m. The Great Himalayas are divided into Assam, Nepal, Kumaon and Punjab Himalayas.

- The main Himalayan range. The average height is 5500 - 6000 m. Here, on the site between the Sutlej and Arun rivers, there are eight out of ten Himalayan eight-thousanders.

Behind the gorge of the Arun River, the Main Range slightly lowers - Jonsang Peak (7459 m), a branched spur with the Kanchenjunga Massif extends south from it, four peaks of which exceed 8000 m (maximum height - 8585 m).

Between the Indus and the Sutlej, the Main Range divides into the Western Himalayas and the Northern Range.

- Northern Ridge. In the northwestern part it is called Deosai, and in the southeastern part it is called Zanskar ("white copper") (the highest point is Kamet Peak, 7756 m). To the north is the Indus Valley, beyond which to the north is the Karakorum mountain system.

Himalayas- this is the highest mountain system of our planet, which stretches in Central and South Asia and is located on the territory of such states as China, India, Bhutan, Pakistan and Nepal. There are 109 peaks in this mountain range, their average height reaches more than 7 thousand meters above sea level. However, one of them surpasses them all. So, we will talk about the highest peak of the Himalayas.

What is it, the highest peak of the Himalayas?

Mount Chomolungma, or Everest, is the highest peak in the Himalayas. It rises in the northern part of the Mahalangur Himal ridge, the highest mountain range on our planet, which can only be reached after arriving at. Its height reaches 8848 m.

Chomolungma is the name of the mountain in Tibetan, which means "Divine Mother of the Earth". In Nepali, the peak sounds like Sagarmatha, which translates as "Mother of the Gods." Everest was named after George Everest, a British research scientist who led the geodetic service in the surrounding areas.

The shape of the highest peak of the Chomolungma Himalayas is a trihedral pyramid, in which the southern slope is steeper. As a result, that part of the mountain is practically not covered with snow.

Conquest of the highest peak of the Himalayas

The impregnable Chomolungma has long attracted the attention of the Earth climbers. However, unfortunately, due to unfavorable conditions, the mortality rate here is still high - there were more than 200 official death reports on the mountain. At the same time, almost 3,000 people successfully climbed and descended from Everest. The first ascent to the summit occurred in 1953 by Nepalese Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary using oxygen devices.

In this article I will tell you about the most beautiful, most bewitching and most stunning

mountains of our vast planet. This - Majestic Himalayas .

There are no such mountains anywhere else in the world.

Himalayas - this is a harsh edge of snowy peaks towering above the ground. The mighty peaks of the Himalayas are in the zone of eternal snows. During the day, in the rays of the bright sun, their snow-white hats sparkle, at sunset their peaks are painted with a soft red color, where on the pink crests of the mountains you can observe a bizarre play of light and shadow. With the advent of night, peaked peaks are drawn against the background of a blue-black starry sky.

Himalayasis not only one of the most beautiful places, created by nature itself, this is a sacred land, on inhabited by Buddhist and Hindu deities. Himalayan mountains – it is the largest mountain system, with a length of 2400 kilometers. From cold white pyramid of Namcha Barwa in the forests of northern Assam in the east, this "abode of snow" stretches west along the border of the Tibetan Plateau through Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Ladakh.

They end in Pakistan with the powerful western bastion of Nanga Parbat. The peaks of the southern Sivalik Mountains rise a maximum of 1520 meters above sea level. On to the north they border small Himalayas, their average height is 4,570 meters.

The basis of the whole system is Great Himalayas, reaching their highest height in Nepal. There, in a small space, there are 9 of the 14 highest faiths. tires, including Everest (8846 m), Kangchen Junga with a height of 8598 m, and Annapurna (8078 m). North of the Greater Himalayas, lies a mountain range called the Tibetan Himalayas (called Tethys), with the vast Tibetan Plateau. Geologists have established that the emergence of the Himalayan mountains occurred in at least three stages. The Great Himalayas were the first to form (about 38 million years ago); followed by the Lesser Himalayas (about 26 and 27 million years ago); and finally, in the third stage, the Sivalik Mountains appeared (approximately 7 million years ago). Over the past 1,500 million years, mountains have grown by 1,370 meters. In Hindu mythology, this region is called Deviabhuni - the land of the gods. According to legend, the great god Shiva and his wife De lived on the top of Gaurishankar. vi and Himawat's daughter. Shiva - one of the supreme gods included in the divine trinity, "master of animals." Therefore, his dwelling is located among the eternal snows of the Himalayas and three great rivers of Asia flow from it - Indus, Brahmaputra and ganges. However, judging by the ancient Hindu and Buddhist legends, the god Shiva and his wife are not the only deities inhabiting the Himalayan mountains.

The legends say that here, in the center of the Earth, stands Mount Meru, around which the Sun, Moon and stars revolve. And it is here that Kubera lives - the god of wealth, the owner of earthly treasures and the lord of supernatural beings called yakshas. Also (according to legend) on Mount Meru lives the most important of the early Hindu gods, the Thunderer. The god Indra who gives rain and fructifies the earth. In 400 B.C. In search of religious truth, the Chinese monk Fa Xian came to the Himalayas. And the French geographer Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Harville compiled the oldest accurate map in the 30s of the 18th century. However, at that time, Baptiste was not able to correctly determine the height of many mountain peaks.

Early X
In the 9th century, the British, hunters of large animals (tigers and bears), returning from the Himalayas, retold local legends about strange footprints in the snow. This was the first mention of the existence of Bigfoot. In the 50s of the 19th century, the highest top of the world was known to the West simply as Peak XV. The Indians called it Sagarmatha - "heavenly peak"; for the Tibetans it was Chomolungma - i.e. "Mother Goddess of the Earth". In 1862, the peak was named Everest by the British, in honor of Sir John Everest, Governor General of India. Six years earlier, Sir J. Everest had led an expedition to map Himalayan mountains.

By the end of the 19th century Tibet and Nepalclosed their borders to Europeans. And in 1921, with the permission of the Dalai Lama, one expedition did visit the country. But, they could only get to the foot of Everest and mapped only its lower slopes. Three years later, in 1924, George Mallory (participant in the last expeditions) undertook

desperate attempt to climb the highest peak in the world. Mallory and his friend Andrew Irwin were perhaps the first people to stand on the summit of Everest. They were almost at their peak when the cloud covered them. After that, they were never seen again.

30 years later, Everest was conquered by the British
expedition led by John Hunt. But, he did not manage to reach the top.

The last assault was made by the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Nepalese Norgay Tenzing. They were the first to stand where no man had stood before them.

The attractiveness of Everest for climbers is undeniable, althoughmany attempts to reach the summit ended in failure, and sometimes the death of expedition members. However, nothing stops climbers. And to this day they continue to storm the highest peak. But so far, only 400 of them have been able to reach the top and stand on the "roof of the world."

Himalayas and Everest carefully guard their secrets, and today they remain the only snow kingdom of its kind - the abode of the gods.

And man will never comprehend these mysteries.

The greatest mountains of the world will forever remain a mystery to mankind ...

However, these unique mountains are inhabited by some creatures that are not afraid to settle on the snowy peaks of the Himalayas.

Watch an amazing documentary about the inhabitants of the Himalayan peaks.

The Himalayan mountains are the largest mountain formations on the entire globe. They are located in Asia and are the property of five different states. It is worth noting that this mountain formation is located on the mainland called Eurasia. According to one of the sources on the Internet, the highest point of the Himalayas is Mount Everest, reaching a height of more than 8800 meters.

The Himalayas are a large mountain range in southern Asia that forms a barrier between the Tibetan plateau in the north and the alluvial plains of the Hindustan Peninsula in the south.

They are part of Nepal, India, Pakistan, Tibet and Bhutan. The mountains are the highest in the world, reaching almost 9000 meters above sea level, more than 110 peaks rise to a height of 7300 meters or more above sea level. One of these peaks, Everest (Tibetan: Chomolungma; Chinese: Chomolungma Feng; Nepalese: Sagarmatha) is the highest in the world, at 8,850 meters. The Himalayas separate the Indian subcontinent from the interior of Asia. The word Himalaya means the house of snow.

The Himalayas are the largest mountain system on Earth. The Himalayas are located at the junction of Central and South Asia. The length of this system is 2900 km long and 350 km wide. These mountains are located in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan and Bangladesh.

The question is very true and necessary, now they give such an ugly education in schools that it is just right to be enlightened on the Big Question. The Himalayas are located in southern Asia and partly in Central Asia. These mountains are the ROOF OF THE WORLD, since there is the highest peak, Mount Everest. Its height is 8848 meters.



If we talk about the mainland where the Himalayas are located, then this mainland is called Eurasia. To be more precise, these mountains are located in Asia, on the territory of five countries. The length of the Himalayan mountains is more than 2900 km and has an area of ​​about 650 thousand square kilometers.

The Himalayas are the highest mountain system on Earth. It is located on the mainland of Eurasia, between the Tibetan Plateau and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The highest point of the Himalayas - Mount Everest (Chomolungma) - 8848 m above sea level.

The name Himalayas means the Abode of Snows. The length of the mountain system reaches 2900 km, the width is about 350 km.

The Himalayas are located on the lands of such powers as China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan and Bangladesh.

Coordinates: 2949?00? With. sh. 8323?31? V. d.?



The Himalayas is a whole mountain system, the length of which is about three thousand kilometers. The Himalayas are located in Eurasia, they cover many powers, including China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc. The highest mountain in this mountain system is Mount Everest.

The Himalayas, the abode of snows in Sanskrit, are located on the mainland of Eurasia. The highest mountain system on Earth. The Himalayas separate the Tibetan Plateau in the north from the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the south. In the Himalayas are the territories of China, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, India, Sikkim and Ladakh.

The length of the mountain range is about 3 thousand kilometers, the width is about 350 kilometers. In the west, it passes into the Pamir and Hindu Kush mountain systems.

On the territory of the Himalayas there is the highest mountain on the planet - 8848 meters - Chomolungma (Everest), which in Nepalese means Goddess Mother of snows.

Fossils of fossil fish are found in the mountains, which suggests that the mountains were once the bottom of an ancient ocean.



Himalayas- This is the highest mountain system on planet Earth. The Himalayas are located on the continent of Eurasia, on the border of Central and South Asia. Countries on whose territory the Himalayas are spread: China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan.

The mountain structure of the Himalayas is undoubtedly the highest in the world. It stretches for a distance of 2,400 meters from the northwest towards the southeast. Its western part reaches a width of 400 kilometers, the eastern - about 150 kilometers.

In the article we will consider where the Himalayas are located, on the territory of which states the mountain range is located and who lives in this territory.

Kingdom of snow

The pictures of the Himalayan peaks are breathtaking. Many will easily give an answer to the question of where on our planet these giants are located.

The map shows that they are located on a vast territory: starting from the northern hemisphere and ending, they cross South Asia and the Indo-Gangetic plain along the way. Then they gradually develop into other mountain systems.

The unusual location of the mountains lies in the fact that they are located on the territory of 5 countries. Indians, Nepalese, Chinese, and residents of Bhutan, and Pakistan, and the northern side of Bangladesh can boast of the Himalayas.

How the Himalayas appeared and developed

This system of mountains, from the point of view of geology, is quite young. It has been assigned to Himalaya coordinates: 27°59′17″ North and 86°55′31″ East

There are two phenomena that influenced the appearance of mountains:

1. The system was formed mainly from sediments and rocks interacting in the earth's crust. At first they formed into peculiar folds, and then rose to a certain height.
2. The formation of the Himalayas was influenced by the merging of two lithospheric plates, which began about 50 million years ago. Because of this, the ancient ocean Tethys disappeared.

Dimensions of the Himalayan peaks

This mountain system includes 10 of the 14 highest mountains on Earth, which exceeded the mark of 8 km. The highest of them is Mount Chomolungma (Everest) - 8,848 meters up. On average, all the Himalayan mountains exceed 6 km.

In the table you can see which peaks the mountain system includes, their height and the location of the Himalayas by country.

Three main steps

The Himalaya mountains formed 3 main levels, each of which is higher than the previous one.

Description of the Himalayan steps, starting with the smallest in height:

1. The Sivalik Range is the southernmost, lowest and youngest level. Its length is 1 km 700 meters between the lowlands of the Indus and the Brahmaputra, and its width is from 10 to 50 km. The height of the Sivalik hill does not exceed 2 km. This mountain range is located mainly on the land of Nepal, capturing the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
2. The Lesser Himalayas is the second step, going in the same direction as Sivalik, only closer to the north. On average, their height is about 2.5 km, and only in the west they reach 4 km. These two Himalayan steps have many river valleys that divide the massif into isolated areas.
3. The Great Himalayas is the third level, which is much further north and higher than the previous two. Some peaks here are much more than 8 km in height. And the depressions in the mountain ridges are more than 4 km. Multiple glacial accumulations are located on an area of ​​​​more than 33 thousand km 2. They contain fresh water in the amount of about 12 thousand km 3. The largest and most famous glacier - Gangotri - the beginning of the Indian river Ganges.

Himalayan water system

The three largest South Asian rivers - the Indus, the Brahmaputra and the Ganges - begin their journey in the Himalayas. The western Himalayan rivers are included in the catchment of the Indus River, and all others are adjacent to the Brahmaputra-Gangetic basin. The easternmost side of the Himalayas belongs to the system. Also in this mountainous structure there are many naturally occurring reservoirs that do not have connections with other rivers, seas and oceans. For example, lakes Bangong-Tso and Yamjoyum-Tso (700 and 621 km 2, respectively). And then there is Lake Tilicho, which is located very high in the mountains - at around 1919 m, and is considered one of the highest mountains in the world.

Extensive glaciers are another feature of the mountain system. They cover an area of ​​33 thousand km 2 and store about 7 km 3 of snow. The largest and longest are the Zema, Gangotri and Rongbuk glaciers.

Weather

The weather in the mountains is changeable, it is influenced by the geographical position of the Himalayas, their vast territory.

• On the south side, under the monsoon influence, a lot of precipitation falls in the summer - up to 4 meters in the east, up to 1 meter per year in the west, and almost never in winter.
• In the north, on the contrary, there is almost no rain at all; a continental climate prevails here, cold and dry. High in the mountains, severe frosts and increased winds occur. The air temperature is below -40 o C.

The temperature in summer reaches -25 °C, and in winter - up to -40 °C. Winds up to 150 km/h are common in mountainous areas. In the Himalayas, the weather changes quite often.

The Himalayan mountain structure also affects the weather of the entire region. The mountains act as a protection against the freezing dry gusts of wind that blow from the north, so the climate in India is warmer than in Asian countries, which, by the way, are located in the same latitudes.

In Tibet, the weather is very dry, because all the monsoon winds blowing from the south and bringing a lot of rain cannot cross the high mountains. All moisture-containing volumes of air settle in them.

There is an assumption that the Himalayas also took part in the formation of desert Asia, as they prevented the passage of rainfall.

Flora and fauna

Flora directly depends on the height of the Himalayas.

• The base of the Sivalik Range is covered with swampy forests and terai (a kind of growth).
• A little higher green dense forests with a high tree stand begin, there are deciduous and coniferous plants. Further there are mountain meadows covered with dense grass.
• Forests, which consist of deciduous trees and small shrubs, dominate above 2 km. And coniferous forests - more than 2 km 600 meters.
• Above 3 km 500 meters the kingdom of bushes begins.
• On the slopes from the north, the weather is drier, so there is much less vegetation. Mostly mountainous deserts and steppes predominate.

The fauna is very diverse and depends on where the Himalayas are located and their position above sea level.

• Wild elephants, antelopes, tigers, rhinos and leopards live in the southern tropics, a very large number of monkeys.
• A little higher live the famous Himalayan bears, mountain sheep and goats, yaks.
• And even higher sometimes there are snow leopards.

There are many nature reserves in the Himalayas. For example, Sagarmatha National Park.

Population

A significant part of the people lives in the southern Himalayas, the height of which does not reach 5 km. For example, in the Kashirskaya and Kathmandu basins. These areas are quite densely populated, almost all of the land is cultivated.

In the Himalayas, the population is divided into ethnic groups. It so happened that it is difficult to get into these places, people for a long time lived in isolated tribes with little contact with neighboring ones. Often in winter, the inhabitants of a hollow turned out to be completely isolated from others, because it was impossible to get to their neighbors because of the snow blockages in the mountains.

It is known where the Himalayas are located - on the territory of five countries. The inhabitants of the region communicate in two languages: Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burmese.

Religious views also differ: some praise the Buddha, while others bow to Hinduism.

The inhabitants of the Himalayas - Sherpas - live high in the mountains of Eastern Nepal, including the region of Everest. They often earn extra money as assistants on expeditions: they show the way and carry things. They have perfectly adapted to the height, so even at the highest points of this mountain system they do not suffer from a lack of oxygen. Apparently, it betrays them at the genetic level.

The inhabitants of the Himalayas are mainly engaged in agricultural work. If the plots of land are relatively flat and there is sufficient water in reserve, then farmers successfully grow potatoes, rice, peas, oats and barley. Where the climate is warmer, such as in the basins, lemons, oranges, apricots, tea and grapes grow. High in the mountains, the inhabitants keep yaks, sheep and goats. Yaks carry goods, but they are also kept for meat, wool and milk.

Special values ​​of the Himalayas

There are many attractions in the Himalayas: Buddhist and Hindu monasteries, temples, relics. At the foot of the mountains is the city of Rishikesh - a sacred place for Hindus. It was in this city that yoga was born, this city is considered the capital of harmony of body and soul.

The city of Hardwar or "Gateway to God" is another sacred place for the locals. It is located on the descent from the mountain of the Ganges River, which flows into the plain.

You can walk through the National Park "Valley of Flowers", which is located on the western side of the Himalayas. This area strewn with beautiful flowers is a national heritage of UNESCO.

tourist travel

In the Himalayas, sports such as climbing and hiking along mountain paths are very popular.

The most popular tracks include:

1. A well-known path near Annapurna passes the slopes of the Annapurna mountain range in northern Nepal. The length of the journey is about 211 km. In height, it varies from 800 m to 5 km 416 meters. On the way, tourists can admire the high-altitude lake Tilicho.
2. You can see the area near Manaslu, which is located around the Mansiri-Himal mountains. It partially coincides with the first route.

The preparation of the tourist, the time of year and the weather affect the time of passing these paths. It is dangerous for an unprepared person to immediately climb to a height, as "mountain sickness" may begin. Besides, it's unsafe. You need to prepare well, purchase special equipment for mountaineering.

Almost every person knows where the Himalayas are and wants to go there. Traveling to the mountains attracts tourists from different countries, including Russia. Remember that climbing is best done in the warm season, best of all in autumn or spring. In the summer it rains in the Himalayas, and in the winter it is very cold and impassable.