Gunboat brave. Gunboat "Brave. gunboat artillery

The seaworthy gunboat "Brave" was laid down on December 15, 1894, launched a year later, and in 1897 became part of the Baltic Fleet.
Already a few days after the start of the First World War, a gunboat from the Skerry Detachment was transferred to the area of ​​the Moonsund Archipelago, which was of great operational and strategic importance for the defense of the theater. In August 1915, the "Brave", together with the battleship "Slava" and other ships, with well-aimed artillery fire, thwarted an attempt by the German fleet to break into the Gulf of Riga. In the spring of 1916, as soon as the ice melted, the Brave, which was wintering in Moonsund, again went to the Gulf of Riga, carried out sentinel service, and provided fire support to the ground forces. The gunboat's fire efficiency was very high. Only on June 19 "Brave", together with two destroyers, put out of action up to a battalion of enemy troops, suppressed an artillery battery and destroyed part of the fortifications. On July 27, acting under air cover in the Irben Strait, he fired on a group of enemy minesweepers, two of which, having received hits, were forced to throw themselves ashore.
Restored in 1920, the gunboat was renamed "Red Banner" on December 31, 1922. From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, the gunboat "Red Banner" took an active part in the defense of the coast of the Vyborg and Narva bays, distinguished itself in the defense of the distant approaches to Tallinn, and defended heroic Leningrad.
On the night of November 16, 1942, while at anchor in the bay of Lavensari Island, the ship was suddenly attacked by enemy torpedo boats and, having received a torpedo hit, sank. It lay on the ground for almost a year, and then, raised by the Baltic rescuers, it was towed for repairs. Resurrected again in September 1944, the gunboat went back into service. In the post-war years, the boat "Red Banner" continued to remain in the combat composition of the fleet until the spring of 1956, then for several years it was used as a training ship and in 1960, having fulfilled its duty to the Motherland to the end, was excluded from the lists of the fleet.

Publisher: Model designer

Year of publication: 2011

Pages: 35

Russian language

Medium quality

Taking into account, however, that the fuel consumption during the tests turned out to be actually much lower than that specified under the contract, and also the fact that the ship is more than generally accepted, completed in all its details, which required us to significantly more consumption than expected at the beginning, we dare to hope that the Russian Imperial Ministry will return to us not only the fines withheld for late delivery, but also for insufficient speed during forced blowing.

The Burmeister and Vine plant also hoped to receive a new order from the Russians, but it would not follow soon - only in 1899 did it receive an order for the construction of a cruiser with a displacement of 3075 tons (the future Boyarin). And again, the Danes will build a wonderful ship, and now they will fully meet the requirements of the ITC and will not be subject to fines.

“Manjur” and “Korean” outwardly quite noticeably differed from each other:

The Manjur had masts more spaced along the length, a smaller ram, 203 mm guns were further away from the bow, and the forecastle was almost twice as long. A developed forecastle and a higher freeboard compared to the "Sivuch" provided the boats with excellent seaworthiness. In 1888 and 1889, the “Korean” and “Manjur” alternately crossed into the Pacific Ocean, showing excellent seaworthiness and reliable operation of all mechanisms during a long passage, where, replacing the wooden boats “Walrus” and “Nerpa”, they became part of the Siberian flotilla.

Following the model of Manjur, 6 more boats were then built for the Black Sea Fleet.

Literature and sources

1 Kondratenko R.V. Decree. op. S. 157.

2 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 1.

3 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 11.

4 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op, 1. D. 887. Ll. 105-106.

5 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 108.

6 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 107.

7 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 4-5.

8 Kondratenko R.V. Decree. op. S. 155.

9 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 132-132 rev.

10 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 133 vol.-134.

11 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 139.

12 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 196-197.

13 Melnikov R.M. History of domestic shipbuilding. T. II. SPb.. 1996. S. 229-230.

14 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 214.

15 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 215.

16 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 249 rev.

17 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 256-256 rev.

18 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 258.

19 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 232.

20 For the specification of the boat, see: Russian State Administration of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 264-273.

21 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 280.

22 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 285, 228.

23 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 327.

24 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. L. 473.

25 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 887. Ll. 585-586 rev.

26 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 977. Ll. 68-69 rev.

27 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 977. L. 66v.

28 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 977. L. 67.

29 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 977. L. 67.

30 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 977. Ll. 67-67 rev.

31 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 977. Ll. 77-77 rev.

32 RGA of the Navy. F. 421. Op. 1. D. 977, L. 77v.

33 Melnikov P.M. Decree. op. S. 230.

Gunboat "Thundering" in Port Arthur. 1904

The gunboats ‘Thundering’ and ‘Brave’ were of the same type as the ‘Thundering’, which became the lead ship of the series.

As noted by P.M. Melnikov: “Groschy-class gunboats reflected a qualitatively new stage in the development of ships of this class. They embodied the concept of a small artillery ship, designed not only for coastal defense, but also for active operations throughout the Baltic theater. The idea of ​​the freedom of action of the Russian fleet in the Baltic Sea, which was revived with the start of the construction of seaworthy battleships, required considerable effort - Germany was steadily ahead of Russia in the number of battleships, and this superiority could only be really compensated for by expanding the functions of gunboats. By making these ships squadron, it was possible to reliably protect their battleships from enemy destroyers, and, under suitable circumstances, introduce them into the artillery battle of the main forces.

On November 17, 1887, a meeting was held at the ITC, where, among others, the question of the type of gunboat for the Baltic was discussed. At the same time, during the exchange of views, it turned out that the new boats should not repeat either the Yorsh type, which was considered coastal-defensive, or the Korean type, oriented towards the Far Eastern theater. After reviewing the opinions, I.A. Shestakov on the MTK magazine No. 167 dated November 17, 1887 imposed a resolution: “The Technical Committee, obviously, should now begin drafting an armored boat with a speed of 14 and 15 knots, a recess of not more than 11 feet, one 8-inch long-range gun battle and a known number of rapid fire.”

Then, as usual, I.A. Shestakov decided to change the original task: instead of 1 8-inch guns, they should have 1 9-inch guns in the bow and 1 6-inch guns in the stern.

“The design of the new gunboat was carried out with the participation of a longtime contractor of the Russian fleet - the English company Napier. On behalf of the Baltic Shipyard, which received an order for the construction of one of the boats of this type, she completed several studies of the mechanical installation, recommending vertical steam engines instead of the intended horizontal ones. I.A. Shestakov, having considered five proposed options, chose the cheapest one (there was an eternal shortage of money from the Maritime Department).

On August 24, 1888, the ITC approved the final version of the project for a semi-armored gunboat. 4 ships will be built on it, with the first three

- “Threatening”, “Thundering” and “Brave” will be of the same type in terms of armament, and the fourth - “Brave”, the last in the series (built in 1894-97) will receive a completely different armament - 2 8-inch guns in the side sponsons in the bow (like “Korean”) and aft - 1 6-inch. All guns of the latest system, with barrels 45 calibers long.

The Threatening will receive horizontal steam engines, while the other boats were completely vertical.

The construction of the “Threatening” was started in January 1888 in the boathouse of the New Admiralty, on May 19, 1890 it was launched. After that, on the vacant slipway, the construction of another similar boat began, another boat of the same type was ordered to the Baltic Shipyard.

On November 10, 1890, in St. Petersburg, the Maritime Department issued an order that “The Sovereign Emperor, the Highest Command, deigned to name and enroll in the lists of the ships of the fleet the boat “Thundering” under construction in the New Admiralty, and “Brave” at the Baltic Shipyard.

According to the specification approved by the ITC on October 4, 1888, the dimensions and arrangement of the gunboats Grozashchy, Thundering, and Valiant were as follows: length between perpendiculars - 223 feet, maximum beam without sheathing - 41 feet 7.5 inches, draft at fully loaded - 11 feet. Displacement - 1492 tons.

The stem was cast from steel, with a horizontal shelf to prevent the side from bending when hit by a ram. The stem was fastened to the skin with two rows of rivets. The sternpost is cast from steel along with steering hinges and a thrust bearing. The sternpost was fastened to the outer skin with two rows of rivets. The horizontal keel is made in 2 layers of long steel sheets, outer 1/2 inch thick, inner 7/16 inch, for 3/5 of the length of the vessel, at the ends the thickness of the sheets was 1/16 inch less. steel sheets not less than 21 feet long, 2 feet high, 3/8 inch thick.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The gunboat took part in the Defense of the Gulf of Riga. After the Germans left the Gulf, "Brave" as part of the detachment provided support to the ground forces, with the participation of a gunboat, a tactical landing was also landed in the area of ​​​​the Domesnes lighthouse. In the final order for 1915, the commander of the Baltic Fleet also noted the role of the gunboat "Brave" in the defense of the Irben Strait and assisting the flank of troops in the Riga direction.

To facilitate towing, the destroyer "Konstantin" covered the gunboat "Brave" and the damaged "Thunder" with a smoke screen. During the withdrawal of Russian ships from the position, the destroyer "Pobeditel" passed by the gunboat and shook it with a wave, as a result of which the tugboats burst. Panic-stricken, the crew of the destroyer Grom partially defected to the gunboat, where they were sent to the lower rooms to prevent the spread of panic. The boat, turning sideways, achieved coverage of the German destroyer, which retreated behind the line of German ships. It became clear that it was impossible to save the Thunder, so the crew was taken from the destroyer. Having retreated some distance, the "Brave" opened fire on the "Thunder", pointing under the waterline, while the destroyer "B-98", which was trying to tow the captured Russian ship, was damaged. "Thunder" soon sank. During the battle, the gunboat received several hits, 6 people were wounded.

The next day, "Brave" with "Khivinets" again fired on German destroyers at the entrance to the Maly Zund, after which the gunboats left the bay along with the fleet.

commanders

• 1896 ____M.. Bronitsky
• 189..______B. I. Baer
• 02-08.1899.Yu. K. Volchasky
• 1899-1901. S. P. Shein
• 1902-1904. B. N. Martynov
• __?___________ Petrov-3rd
• 1911-1912. V. A. Lyubinsky
• 1915-??____B. A. Shcherbachev
• 1917-?_____K. E. Rennenkampf
• 192?__________Yuriev
• 192?__________ Chirokov
• 1930-1930 E. E. Gorbunov
• 194?__________Arseniev

1941-1942 Alexander Leontievich Ustinov

see also

• Adrian Ivanovich Nepenin (commander of the "Brave" in 1909-1911).

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Notes

Literature

• M. K. Bakhirev Report on the actions of the Naval Forces of the Gulf of Riga on September 29 - October 7, 1917
• Kozlov D.Yu. Battle for the Gulf of Riga. Summer 1915. - Zeikhgauz, 2007. - ISBN 978-5-9771-0055-7.
• Khromov V.V.(Russian) // Marine collection: journal. - Moscow: Model designer, 2005. - No. 11 (80). - S. 32.

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Brave (gunboat)

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Pierre did not inform anyone of his arrival, did not go anywhere, and began to spend whole days reading Thomas of Kempis, a book that was delivered to him by no one knows who. Pierre understood one and all the same when reading this book; he understood the pleasure, unknown to him, to believe in the possibility of achieving perfection and in the possibility of brotherly and active love between people, opened to him by Osip Alekseevich. A week after his arrival, the young Polish Count of Villarsky, whom Pierre knew superficially from St. Petersburg society, entered his room in the evening with that official and solemn air with which Dolokhov's second entered him and, closing the door behind him and making sure that there was no one in the room there was no one except Pierre, turned to him:
“I have come to you with a commission and a proposal, Count,” he told him without sitting down. “A person very highly placed in our fraternity has petitioned for you to be admitted to the fraternity ahead of time, and has offered me to be your guarantor. I regard the fulfillment of the will of this person as a sacred duty. Do you wish to join the brotherhood of free stonemasons on my guarantee?
The cold and strict tone of the man whom Pierre almost always saw at balls with an amiable smile, in the company of the most brilliant women, struck Pierre.
“Yes, I wish,” said Pierre.
Villarsky inclined his head. - One more question, count, he said, to which I ask you, not as a future freemason, but as an honest person (galant homme), to answer me with all sincerity: have you renounced your former convictions, do you believe in God?
Pierre considered. “Yes… yes, I believe in God,” he said.
“In that case…” Villarsky began, but Pierre interrupted him. “Yes, I believe in God,” he said again.
“In that case, we can go,” said Willarsky. “My carriage is at your service.
All the way Villarsky was silent. To Pierre's questions about what he should do and how to answer, Villarsky only said that the brothers, more worthy of him, would test him, and that Pierre needed nothing more than to tell the truth.
Having entered the gate of a large house, where there was a lodge, and passing along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of servants, they took off their fur coats. From the hallway they went into another room. A man in strange attire appeared at the door. Villarsky, going out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French and went up to a small closet, in which Pierre noticed robes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky put it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot at the back, painfully trapping his hair in a knot. Then he bent him to him, kissed him, and, taking him by the hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was in pain from the knotted hair, he grimaced in pain and smiled in shame at something. His huge figure, with lowered hands, with a shriveled and smiling face, followed Willarsky with unsteady, timid steps.
After leading him ten paces, Villarsky stopped.
“Whatever happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage if you are determined to join our brotherhood. (Pierre answered in the affirmative by inclining his head.) When you hear a knock at the door, you will untie your eyes, added Villarsky; I wish you courage and success. And, shaking hands with Pierre, Villarsky went out.
Left alone, Pierre continued to smile the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, put his hand up to the handkerchief, as if wishing to take it off, and lowered it again. The five minutes he spent with his eyes tied seemed like an hour to him. His hands were swollen, his legs gave way; he seemed to be tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was both afraid of what would happen to him, and even more afraid of how he would not show fear. He was curious to know what would become of him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was glad that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and an actively virtuous life, which he had been dreaming of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong knocks were heard at the door. Pierre took off his bandage and looked around him. The room was black and dark: only in one place a lamp was burning, in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the gospel; that white, in which the lamp burned, was a human skull with its holes and teeth. After reading the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning there was no word and the word went to God,” Pierre went around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter into a completely new life, completely different from the old one, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he expected all this, expected even more. Trying to arouse in himself a feeling of tenderness, he looked around him. “God, death, love, the brotherhood of man,” he said to himself, associating with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
In the weak light, which, however, Pierre had already managed to get a closer look at, a short man entered. Apparently from the light entering the darkness, this man stopped; then, with cautious steps, he moved to the table and placed on it his small, leather-gloved hands.
This short man was dressed in a white leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs, he was wearing something like a necklace around his neck, and a high, white frill protruded from behind the necklace, fringing his oblong face, illuminated from below.
- Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, according to the rustle made by Pierre, turning in his direction. – Why do you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
At the moment the door opened and an unknown person entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and reverence, similar to the one he experienced in confession as a child: he felt face to face with a completely alien in terms of living conditions and with a loved one, in the brotherhood of people, man. Pierre, with a breath-taking heartbeat, moved towards the rhetor (that was the name in Freemasonry of a brother who prepares a seeker to join the brotherhood). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetorician a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but it was insulting to him to think that the person who entered was a familiar person: the one who entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. Pierre could not utter a word for a long time, so the rhetor had to repeat his question.
“Yes, I ... I ... want updates,” Pierre said with difficulty.
“Good,” said Smolyaninov, and immediately continued: “Do you have any idea about the means by which our holy order will help you achieve your goal? ...” the rhetorician said calmly and quickly.
“I ... hope ... guidance ... help ... in renewal,” Pierre said with a trembling voice and with difficulty in speech, which comes from excitement and from being unaccustomed to speaking Russian about abstract subjects.
– What concept do you have about Freemasonry?
– I mean that Frank Freemasonry is fraterienité [brotherhood]; and the equality of people with virtuous goals, ”said Pierre, ashamed, as he spoke, of the inconsistency of his words with the solemnity of the moment. I mean…
“Very well,” said the rhetorician hastily, apparently quite satisfied with this answer. Have you looked for means to achieve your goal in religion?
“No, I considered it unfair, and did not follow it,” Pierre said so quietly that the rhetorician did not hear him and asked what he was saying. “I was an atheist,” answered Pierre.
- You are looking for truth in order to follow its laws in life; therefore, you seek wisdom and virtue, do you not? said the speaker after a moment's silence.
“Yes, yes,” Pierre confirmed.
The rhetor cleared his throat, folded his gloved hands on his chest and began to speak:
“Now I must reveal to you the main goal of our order,” he said, “and if this goal coincides with yours, then you will profitably join our brotherhood. The first main goal and the foundation of our order, on which it is established, and which no human power can overthrow, is the preservation and transmission to posterity of some important sacrament ... from the most ancient centuries and even from the first person who has come down to us, from whom the sacraments can may depend on the fate of the human race. But since this sacrament is of such a nature that no one can know it and use it, if one has not prepared for a long-term and diligent purification of oneself, then not everyone can hope to find it soon. Therefore, we have a second goal, which is to prepare our members, as far as possible, to correct their hearts, purify and enlighten their minds by those means that are revealed to us by tradition from men who have labored in the search for this sacrament, and thereby make them capable of perception of it. Purifying and correcting our members, we try in the third place to correct the entire human race, offering it in our members an example of piety and virtue, and thus we try with all our might to oppose the evil that reigns in the world. Think about it, and I will come to you again,” he said and left the room.
“To resist the evil that reigns in the world ...” Pierre repeated, and he imagined his future activities in this field. He imagined the same people as he himself had been two weeks ago, and he mentally addressed them in an instructive, mentoring speech. He imagined vicious and unfortunate people whom he helped in word and deed; imagined the oppressors from whom he saved their victims. Of the three goals named by the rhetor, this last one, the correction of the human race, was especially close to Pierre. Some important sacrament mentioned by the rhetorician, although it aroused his curiosity, did not seem to him essential; and the second goal, the purification and correction of himself, interested him little, because at that moment he felt with pleasure that he was already completely corrected from his former vices and ready for only one good thing.
Half an hour later the orator returned to convey to the seeker those seven virtues, corresponding to the seven steps of Solomon's temple, which every Mason had to cultivate in himself. These virtues were: 1) modesty, observance of the secrets of the order, 2) obedience to the highest ranks of the order, 3) good nature, 4) love of humanity, 5) courage, 6) generosity and 7) love of death.
“Seventhly, try,” said the rhetorician, “by frequent thoughts of death, bring yourself to such a point that it does not seem to you a more terrible enemy, but a friend ... who frees the soul, languishing in the labors of virtue, from this disastrous life in the labors of virtue, to introduce it into the place of reward and calm.
“Yes, it must be so,” thought Pierre, when, after these words, the rhetorician again left him, leaving him to solitary reflection. “It must be so, but I am still so weak that I love my life, the meaning of which is only now being revealed to me little by little.” But the remaining five virtues, which Pierre remembered fingering, he felt in his soul: courage, and generosity, and kindness, and love for humanity, and especially obedience, which did not even seem to him a virtue, but happiness. (He was so happy now to get rid of his arbitrariness and subordinate his will to that and those who knew the undoubted truth.) Pierre forgot the seventh virtue and could not remember it.

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The gunboat took part in Defense of the Gulf of Riga. After the Germans left the bay, "Brave" as part of the detachment provided support to the ground forces, with the participation of a gunboat, a tactical landing was also landed in the area of ​​​​the lighthouse Domesnes. In the final order for 1915 commanding Baltic Fleet He also noted the role of the gunboat "Brave" in the defense of the Irben Strait and in assisting the flank of troops in the Riga direction.

To facilitate towing, the destroyer "Konstantin" covered the gunboat "Brave" and the damaged "Thunder" with a smoke screen. During the withdrawal of Russian ships from the position, the destroyer "Winner" passed by the gunboat and shook it with a wave, as a result of which the tugboats burst. Panic-stricken, the crew of the destroyer Grom partially defected to the gunboat, where they were sent to the lower rooms to prevent the spread of panic. The boat, turning sideways, achieved coverage of the German destroyer, which retreated behind the line of German ships. It became clear that it was impossible to save the Thunder, so the crew was taken from the destroyer. Having retreated some distance, the "Brave" opened fire on the "Thunder", pointing under the waterline, while the destroyer "B-98", which was trying to tow the captured Russian ship, was damaged. "Thunder" soon sank