What are the monuments of landscape gardening art. Parks are historical monuments of gardening art. Versailles park changes

Historical data

Landscape gardening has a long history. Its origin goes back centuries and is a sign of civilization, the cultivation of the natural environment. Landscape art belongs to the synthetic arts and is one of the most complex and time-consuming, because it operates with inanimate things and living beings - plants.

Like a living being, the park goes through the stages of birth, formation, flourishing and death. The appearance of the park is significantly influenced by the tastes of the owners, natural conditions, changes in fashion, the presence of care or its absence, social catastrophes. Trees have their own period of existence. If the care of the park takes place over the centuries, dead trees are replaced with analogues.

Garden and park

The concepts of "garden" and "park" are not far removed from each other and are often substitutes for each other. But they have different functions and rather independent objects of human activity.

Garden- a predominantly agricultural facility for growing and obtaining fruits and berries.
A park- predominantly an art object with a special layout, the inclusion of various architectural structures from small architectural forms (arbors, pavilions) to palaces, theaters, stadiums, and various sports grounds. The share of historical parks also included a plot of an orchard (an orchard and a vegetable garden in the castle of Vilandry, in the Vaux-le-Vicomte park, France, in the parks of the suburbs of St. Petersburg. In modern parks, these installations usually go away, and the functions of the orchard and park - demarcate.

Transition to the composition of the monuments

The gardens quickly became part of the monuments. In ancient Greece, an artificially created garden quickly approached the status of a sacred grove. Even if the garden did not have such a status, each building in it became his business card and had the status of a monument. So it happened with the gardens of the Academy in Athens.

The name comes from the name of the mythical hero Akadema. He helped the twin brothers Castor and Pollux rescue Princess Europe from captivity. According to legend, Academ was buried in this garden. The Academy Garden was chosen by philosophers as their residence. It was here that the philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) walked and debated with his students and followers. The school was named academy. Even the mention of the Academy made it a monument of culture, philosophy, European ancient civilization in general.

Versailles park changes

Main article: Park of Versailles

Versailles, plan for the middle of the 18th century.

More often it was the other way around, even with well-groomed and well-known parks. So, the park of Versailles began to change its appearance in thirty years from the beginning of construction. Some of the hastily planted trees have dried up. Excessively strong interference in the vital activity of plants, energetic cutting of bushes and trees, depletion of soils did not contribute to their preservation. The reduction of garden plots has begun. Presumably, the original area of the park in Versailles reached 1,700 hectares. In the XX century. The territory of the park was limited to 600 hectares. This was a threefold reduction, although the grandiose vistas of the historic park were retained.

Even greater changes have occurred in its plant composition. Dry trees were cut down. In the 18th century, several original plant species were simply replaced with new ones, often from other geographic areas. So, at the end of the XVIII century. the park of Versailles received new sites with plants from North America, which were not here at the time of the royal landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and could not then be. Norway maple, planted in the park, behaved like in nature. He gave germination of 95-97 percent of his own seeds. New maple groves appeared, and other trees were crowded out.

Even more changes have occurred as a result of natural storms. In 1990 and in December, two hurricanes raged over France. The destruction took over 70 percent of the country. France's National Forestry Bureau has recorded the death of approximately 30,000,000 of the country's trees. In the historic gardens of Versailles, 10,000 trees were uprooted and felled. The restoration of the historical appearance of these areas will take 100-150 years.

The state of other parks was not the best either. The historic Lefortovskaya grove in Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century also suffered extreme damage from the hurricane. For many historical gardens and parks in Russia in the XX century. the existence came to an end due to lack of care, two disintegrations of the country in and years, a catastrophic history for 74 years. But the new era of the introduction of a market economy, in the absence of war, often led to the death of parks.

Engravings with historical landscapes of the park of Versailles

Renaissance, Mannerist, Baroque gardens

The tradition of creating gardens as places of noble leisure, philosophical conversations, poetic competitions, theatrical performances was revived during the Renaissance in Italy. Even the initially small gardens received their own layouts, were decorated with fountains, sculptures, benches, lawns. The garden at Villa Poggio a Caiano acquired memorial significance in honor of the Medici family. The well-known architect Giuliano da Sagngallo was invited to create the villa. The construction had the character of a transitional period and compromised the Italian building tradition with elements of ancient Roman architecture (ground floor arcade, portico with a triangular pediment). Often the architect acted both as a garden designer and as a gardener.

The Boboli Garden also acquired a memorial character, which had several sections of gardens created in different decades. The Boboli Gardens became a school for Florentine sculptors, where Bertoldo di Giovanni, Michelangelo Buonarroti and others worked.

Gardens of the Mannerist era of the 16th century. - a glorified page of horticulture in Western Europe, which began with the development of garden traditions of the Renaissance and the development of its own type of garden and park ensemble, giving them the first majestic images. The gardens of the Mannerist era greatly influenced the further development of the gardening art of the Baroque era of the 17th-18th centuries in different parts of not only Europe, but also the world (Baroque gardens in Iceland, the Baroque garden in Beijing at the palace of the Chinese emperor, the baroque garden of the doctor Bidloo in Moscow, etc.). .d.). In the 20th century, in northern Italy, using the style of Mannerism, the La Scarzuola garden was created (architect Tomaso Buza (-), Umbria), where the traditions of the Italian garden of the pre-Baroque period (Bomarzo Park) are developed.

Famous Baroque gardens were considered as monuments to famous personalities as early as the 17th and 18th centuries. (Versailles is associated with King Louis XIV, Peterhof - with Tsar Peter I, a garden in Warsaw - with Minister Heinrich Brühl). In the 19th century gardens receive the status of historical monuments, often without direct dependence on eminent owners, because the artistic value of some gardens and parks has received independent significance (Het Loo garden, Holland, Lazenkovsky Palace garden, Poland, baroque garden of Vaux-le-Viscount castle, France, Nesvizhsky gardens castle, Belarus). According to the historical plans of the gardens, extracted from the archives, restoration or restoration of the original layout has begun (the flower garden of the garden at the Monplaisir Palace, Peterhof, the garden of the Rundāle Palace, Latvia).

Awareness of the artistic value of individual gardens of the past fell on the day of the 19th century, it went like the restoration of the gardens of the past, restoring them to an almost original form (Het Loo, Vaux le Vicomte), so did the destruction of unique garden and park ensembles, among which -

garden doctor Bidloo in Moscow
manor gardens of a landscape designer of the 18th century. Philip Permyakov
Italian Park (Podgortsy)
garden at the palace of Maisons-Laffite, France
garden of the Ruzhany Palace, Belarus and a number of others.

Restoration of the gardens of Pompeii

Pompeii, house of Octavius, restored part of the garden

In the 20th century it became possible to reproduce the long-vanished gardens of Pompeii. Garden plants covered with volcanic ash and dead creatures at the villas created cavities. Italian researchers came to the conclusion that it is possible to fill these voids with liquid gypsum. Examination of the resulting casts gave samples of plant roots that were used in the gardens of the lost city of Pompeii. Plants were identified by the type of roots. During the conservation and partial restoration of villas and gardens in Pompeii, sections of the former gardens were restored with modern plants, if their analogues were found in modern times.

Conservation in historical monument parks

Conservation is the first stage of restoration work in the parks. There is a care for its condition, preservation of the existing spatially planned composition and its parts, repair and restoration of the preserved architectural structures, sanitary cuttings and treatment of plant diseases, adhere to the protective regime and prevent further undesirable changes in the historical appearance of the park.

Literature

Vergunov A.P. Gorokhov V.A. "Russian gardens and parks", M, "Nauka", 1988
Grimal P. Les Gardins Romains. Paris 1984
Grimal P. L "art des Gardins. Paris 1964
Jashemski W.E. The Gardins of Pompei, Herculanum and the vsllad destroyed by Vesuvius, 2 vol New York, 1979
Sergeenko M.E. "Gardening in Ancient Italy", Scientific Notes of Leningrad State University, No. 142, 1956

Alupka Park: attractions, description

The palace and park complex fits perfectly into the southern coastal landscape, against the backdrop of the overhanging and impregnable wall of Ai-Petri. Alupka Park covers an area of 40 hectares. It was founded at the beginning of the 19th century. The park was created on the principle of an amphitheater, in order to complement the surrounding nature. On its territory there are many different types of exotic plants.

The area of the park is divided into two zones: Upper and Lower Park. The northern part of the Upper Park is represented by large and small chaos, between which there are three beautiful ponds. From the ponds, paths lead to the Vorontsov Palace. On the way to the palace there is a ten-meter rock, called the "Moonstone".

The western part of the park is decorated with the Trilby fountain. The composition of the upper part of the park is Chestnut, Sunny, Contrasting and Plane meadows.

The lower park is part of the palace. There are several terraces and marble fountains. There is also an alley with Chinese roses, quince, forsythia. Below, a completely different story begins - the landscape part of the park, which descends directly to the sea. Tall cypresses and plane trees grow on the slopes, and below, waves break against stone blocks.

History of the park

Back in the 18th century, instead of a park, there were human settlements near the sea coast. They were located right among the stones, which often served as roofs for houses. Even then, travelers romanticized these places, with mulberry, peach and pomegranate gardens, which bordered on the rocky cliffs of the seashore.

At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th, landscape art was popular, and a place was looking for a grandiose park. The choice, of course, stopped at Alupka with many springs and picturesque landscapes.

In 1824 the foundation of the park was laid. The German Karl Kebach was chosen as the main one. A very complex and lengthy work began, which, under the leadership of Kebakh, was carried out by the peasants. The site of the future park was cleared of stones and shrubs, and in their place black soil was brought from the southern part of Ukraine.

Exotic plants were actively brought from foreign regions. Most of the plants brought to the Nikitinsky Botanical Garden were immediately sent for planting in Alupka Park. Not all trees and shrubs growing in these places were uprooted. Many of them have been transplanted to other parts of the park. Remained in the park and oak, and dull pistachio, pomegranate tree. And old and hollow plants were used as a support for climbing plants.

By the end of the 19th century, the pattern of the park began to take shape, but that was only the beginning. Plants evolved and their growth required careful monitoring. After his death, the formation of the park continued for another 40 years, by gardeners Bishchenkovitch and Galushchenko.

park style

Alupka park was planned as a landscape park. This means that it had to be significantly different from classic parks with trimmed lawns and shrubs, flowerbeds and zones of geometric shapes. The main desire was to show the harmonious relationship between man and nature, their interaction and coexistence with each other.

The park was not supposed to contrast with the surrounding area. The paths that had existed here for a long time turned into park paths, and new plants neatly interspersed among the native trees. Ponds, fountains, lawns grew where the landscape and the trails allowed. Nature was not subordinate to the park, but the park was subordinate to it.

The mountainous terrain greatly contributed to the design of the park. The rugged terrain made it possible to divide the park into several landscape zones, each of which was different from the other. The upper park has a rather steep relief. This part of the park has a more natural and natural look. Huge trees, shady paths, ponds, mysterious grottoes, blowing cool.

The lower park begins with a more gentle relief. The lower part of the park borders the Vorontsov Palace and is decorated in a classic park style. There are even terraces here, with an abundance of flowers and evenly trimmed shrubs - in the best traditions of European parks. Terraces and alleys grow into paths with springs and waterfalls, surrounded by tall pines. The relief becomes rocky and steep, and the style of the park returns to naturalness again.

Vegetable world

Plants of the Alupka Park were brought from different parts of the world. Today, about 200 species of heat-loving plants grow here. Trees were brought from the Mediterranean, North America and East Asia.

In order to purchase a tree for the park, the conditions for its cultivation were studied, and most importantly, the features of its appearance. Each tree had to be ideally suited in terms of height, size and type of crown.

Japanese sophora, persimmon, palm trees grow in the park. Indian lilac pleases with small pale pink flowers in August, and in June you can see orange flowers of a coral tree brought from South America. From there, the Chilean araucaria also arrived in the park.

Majestic redwoods, cypresses, and Montezuma pines were brought from North America. Plane trees and cork oaks, laurel, holm oak and strawberries also grow here. Large-flowered magnolias and chimananthus grow in the lower part of the park. The palm alley is dotted with roses of various varieties.

Fountains and ponds

The fountain of tears is the most famous in the park, located on the terrace, near the library building. This is a small cascading fountain, in bloom of lilac, laurel, photini and viburnum bushes. Water flows calmly and evenly from one bowl to another. At the terraces there are two more marble fountains "Sink" and "Fountain of Cupids".

The ponds are the highlights of the park. These are artificially created ponds, quite similar to natural ones. Stone blocks are scattered around, and swampy cypresses surround it with a wall. Because of their beauty and atmosphere of peace and tranquility, they were often described in poetic lines.

A tree trunk hangs over one pond, almost adjoining the water and reflected in its mirror-like surface. Swans and ducks live on another lake. And in the middle of the largest pond there is a stone, from under which streams of water break through.

"Cats" of the park

The park of the Vorontsov Palace is inhabited by cats, but not alive. A diabase staircase leads directly to the main entrance to the palace, on both sides of which are located. This place is often called the "Lion's Terrace".

Three pairs of lions are made of white marble. Every couple has a different mood. At the very bottom of the stairs are sleeping lions. Having folded paw on paw, they buried their muzzles in them, and indulge in dreams.

Near the entrance to the palace is a pair of awake "kittens". With one paw they rest on a marble ball. Their claws are released, their open mouth shows fangs, and their gaze is directed towards the stairs, as if waiting for new guests.

The glades of the park

Alupka Park, in its upper part is decorated with picturesque glades. Plane glade is located next to the ponds. Not only plane trees grow in the clearing, but also sequoias 40 meters high. Here you can see walking peacocks, which were once brought to the park.

Immediately after Platanovaya begins Solnechnaya Polyana. It contrasts significantly with the previous glade and lake terrain in terms of the abundance of sunlight. From here you have the best view of Ai-Petri in the park. The sunny meadow is surrounded by pyramidal cypresses, Italian and Montezuma pines.

The Contrasting Glade got its name because of the abrupt change in vegetation after Sunny Meadow. In the center of the clearing grow two types of strawberries, which show either olive or coral trunks, depending on the season. It is also located here with a spreading dark green crown. The clearing is surrounded by silver spruces, cypresses and oaks.

Chaos

In the northern and western parts of the Upper Park there are amazing natural formations - the Small and Big Chaos. They look like heaps of stone boulders. Nature created this work with the help of frozen volcanic magma, which collapsed under the influence of earthquakes more than 150 years ago.

Karl Kebach brought the boundaries of the park to the chaos, inscribing them into the park composition. Here ancient legends are embodied, telling about the creation of the world from chaos.

Small chaos adjoins the palace and is located on the hills with its descents and ascents. Moss-covered stone blocks, grottoes and lianas winding along them evoke romantic and sublime feelings in notorious snobs and skeptics.

You can get to the Great Chaos along the path that leads from one of the lakes. Here, stone steps and small observation platforms are laid out by the hands of gardeners. Strawberries and lianas make their way through the stone cracks, and Apennine pines rise at the top. From here you can observe the wonderful landscapes of the sea, the palace and the entire park.

Alupka park: address

The park is located on Palace Highway, 10.

The park can be reached by regular Alupka buses 102, 107, 115.

From the city of Yalta, you can get to the park through the Alupka bus station, transferring to regular buses, or by minibus number 27, which departs from the upper platform of the Yalta bus station.

Entrance to the park is free, but the entrance to the Vorontsov Palace is paid.

The Vorontsov Palace is open to visitors from 9.00 to 17.00.

Conclusion

Alupka Park is a real masterpiece of gardening art. Every day he proves to his guests that nature and man-made work can coexist in complete harmony and understanding.

Table of contents

Botanical Garden
medicinal plants of the Moscow Academy named after I.M. Sechenov

CAO, 4th Krasnogvardeisky
per., 20

scientific
research
activity

Milyutinsky Garden on Pokrovsky Boulevard
(Garden of Land Survey Office)

CAO, Pokrovsky
blvd., 10

park
territory

Morozovsky garden

Central Administrative District, B.Trekhsvyatitelsky per., 1

landscaped
territory
regional
values

nursery garden
Filatov hospital

CAO, Sadovo-
Kudrinskaya st.,
15

landscaped
territory
regional
values

(Item as amended by .

Park "Patriarchs"
ponds"

CAO, Malaya
Bronnaya st.,
ow. 30-42

landscaped
territory
urban
values

Manor of the Patrikeyevs

SAO, Pravoberezhnaya st., 6a

landscaped
territory
hospitals

central park
clinical hospital
named after N.A. Semashko

SVAO, Buda
st., 2

landscaped
territory
hospitals

Park on Rustaveli street

SVAO, Rustaveli
st., 5-7

park
territory

Park "Lianozovo"

SVAO, Cherepovetskaya st., 13

park
territory

Manor "Leonovo"

SVAO, Leonova
st., Dokukina
st., 17-22

park
territory

(item as amended, put into effect on October 6, 2009 by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 22, 2009 N 1024-PP

Siringarium garden on
Schelkovo highway

VAO, Schelkovskoye
highway, 12

park
territory

Children's Hospital Park
St. Vladimir

VAO, Rubtsovsko-
Palace st.,
3

landscaped
territory
hospitals

(Item as amended as of March 16, 2010

Bakhrushinskaya Park
hospitals

VAO, Stromynka
st., 7

landscaped
territory
hospitals

Former park
Metropolitan
cottages in the village of Cherkizovo

East Administrative District, B.Cherkizovskaya st., 93

park
territory

Biryulevsky
arboretum

Southern Administrative District, Lipetsk
st., 3

park
territory,
scientific
research
activity

Manor "Zagorye"

South Administrative District, Yagodny
per., 17

park
territory

Manor "Bogorodskoye"
("Voronino")

SWAD, Leninsky
Ave., 121

landscaped
territory
regional
values

Manor "Small Golubino"

SWAD, Odoevsky
pr., 38 km MKAD

landscaped
territory
urban
values

Square near Chinese
embassies

CJSC, Druzhby st., 6

landscaped
territory
district significance

Manor Bode-
Kolychevs in the village
Spasskoe-Lukino

CJSC, Peredelkino
7th Lazenki St.,
42

Residence
Patriarch
Moscow
and All Rus'

Appendix 2. Borders of the territories of objects of garden and park art, accepted under state protection as objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of regional significance, located on the territory of the city of Moscow

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Children's Park named after Pryamikov (GPKiO "Tagansky")

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Children's Park "Maryina Roshcha"

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov

The boundary of the territory of a cultural heritage site (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Milyutinsky Garden on Pokrovsky Boulevard (Garden of the Land Survey Office)

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Morozovsky garden

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance "Garden of the Children's Filatov Hospital"


Legend:
	The canceled border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance "Garden of the Children's Filatov Hospital"
	Established boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance "Garden of the Children's Filatov Hospital"

(Scheme as amended by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 17, 2014 N 538-PP.

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Square Patriarch's Ponds

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor of the Patrikeyevs

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park of the Central Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semashko

Border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park on Rustaveli street

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park "Lianozovo"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Estate "Leonovo" (repealed)

____________________________________________________________________
Repealed from October 6, 2009
Decree of the Government of Moscow
dated September 22, 2009 N 1024-PP ..
____________________________________________________________________

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Sirengaria Garden on Schelkovskoye Highway

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park of the children's hospital of St. Vladimir

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage of regional significance (works of landscape gardening art) "Park of the Children's Hospital of St. Vladimir" (Rubtsovsko-Dvortsovaya St., 1/3)

approved border

cancelable border

(As amended, put into effect on March 16, 2010 by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated March 2, 2010 N 175-PP

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Bakhrushinsky Hospital Park

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance The park of the former. Metropolitan's dacha in the village of Cherkizovo

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Biryulevsky arboretum

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Zagorye"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Bogorodskoye" ("Voronino")

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Small Golubino"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Square near the Chinese Embassy

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Bode-Kolychevy estate in the village of Spasskoe-Lukino

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"

In our country, a lot of monuments of garden and park art have been preserved. All of them are protected by the state, they are doing a lot of work on the restoration of facilities for the care of plantings.

The surviving monuments of landscape art (gardens, parks and other objects) require the most careful attitude when using them and a scientifically based approach to their restoration.

Each palace and park ensemble is a three-dimensional composition built according to a specific plan with all the stylistic features that correspond to the period of its creation. Palaces, pavilions and parks are parts of one whole, mutually complementary.

The ensembles acquired their complete appearance gradually, since 40-50 years passed from the beginning of construction to the creation of the expressive composition of the ensemble, which is commonly called the heyday. In the process of subsequent formation, some ensembles were not subjected to changes that fundamentally violated the original plan, while others were altered, supplemented in accordance with the requirements of other stylistic periods, i.e., experienced subsequent layers.

Restoration of objects of garden and park art is a creative process, it cannot be reduced, with the rarest exception, to a literal reproduction of the composition of the heyday. While maintaining the stylistic features of the ensemble as a whole, it is necessary, as a rule, to reckon with subsequent stratifications, with preserved old trees, a change in the purpose of the ensemble, large flows of visitors and a number of other factors, up to modern methods of park operation. However, all new requirements must be taken into account in such a way that they do not violate the general principle of solving the ensemble of its heyday.

The restoration of historical objects requires the author to have versatile knowledge (the history of urban planning, architecture, gardening and landscape art, dendrology, soil science, land reclamation, etc.), sufficient erudition and imagination to be able to restore a work of art from all the main features of its heyday.

According to arch. N. A. Ilyinskaya, the term "restoration" in the field of landscape architecture can be applied in the full sense of this concept only to individual fragments and details. As for objects as a whole, elements of reconstruction always take place in them to one degree or another. Therefore, it would be more correct to call restoration projects restoration projects with elements of "reconstruction", which is very cumbersome, and in practice this concept began to be replaced by the term "restoration".

The term "reconstruction" is currently understood as the construction of a completely lost composition anew. The term "conservation" is used in landscape architecture in the sense of preserving and maintaining the composition of the park without making any changes to the layout and spatial solution, but at the same time, the growth of trees and shrubs will continue in it, and the park to some extent will change.

Objects of landscape architecture are constantly changing - according to the seasons and throughout their existence, experiencing "youth", "mature age", usually corresponding to the heyday, and "old age". Periodically, when the main tree species reach a critical age, their demolition becomes inevitable. At the same time, a sharp contrast occurs - the old trees, with which people are related, are replaced by young ones, as a result of which the impression of the three-dimensional composition changes.

The author of the project develops a methodology for the restoration of each specific landscape object in relation to its individual characteristics, and in this respect there are no general recommendations.

Projects for the restoration of historical objects of landscape architecture must be developed in design organizations that can solve this problem in a comprehensive manner, i.e. from a landscape, architectural and engineering point of view.

Getting down to work on the restoration of a historical object of landscape architecture, first of all, it is necessary to understand its purpose and use in the near future and in the future. This is determined by the design task.

The existing practice of using historical parks for various types of modern recreation should be considered as a temporary phenomenon, since it does not completely solve the problem of city dwellers' recreation and at the same time has a detrimental effect on the state and appearance of historical ensembles. The most effective measure for the preservation of historical parks is the construction of new, so-called "buffer" parks. They should be located in close proximity to historical ensembles in areas with good natural conditions, which allows them to be landscaped in a relatively short time. In some cases, the protection zones of historical ensembles can be used to accommodate active forms of recreation.

After identifying the purpose of the object being restored in the future, it is necessary to move on to the actual pre-design work, which consists of surveying the object, collecting the relevant material and, as a result, analyzing the results of the survey and the collected material. This is a very important stage of work, since the project is a logical consequence of the preliminary study.

According to the experience of arch. N. A. Ilyinskaya, it is advisable to carry out the survey of the object and the collection of material in parallel, this makes the work more focused. The results of the studies carried out for each of the sections (soil, relief, water system, vegetation, architectural structures, small forms) should be presented in the form of diagrams, plans, textual material, detailed photographic fixation. All this taken together should form the basis for the development of a project and a restoration methodology.

Depending on the complexity and area of the designed object, the scale is chosen 1:2000, 1:1000, 1:500, 1:200.

Geodetic survey includes the following sections:

1. horizontal layout, vertical layout, underground structures, surface structures, tree plantations (almost all of these data are combined in one drawing);

2. engineering geology;

3. archaeological excavations;

4. archival research.

To obtain comprehensive data on the state of the restored object, a comprehensive description of it is required, which includes:

soil conditions;
relief and soil cover;
water system;
road network and sites;
planting inventory;
architectural structures;
small architectural forms and sculpture.

In libraries, archives, museums, plans, engravings, drawings, measurements, photographs should be collected as fully as possible, that is, exhaustive material that reflects the state of the object at different stages of its existence. In addition to graphic and illustrative material, it is necessary to study archival and literary sources that characterize the object at different stages of development. It is also necessary to get acquainted with the history, the peculiarities of the development of all types of arts and landscape gardening in particular, throughout the entire existence of the ensemble.

As a result of the analysis performed, the conclusion indicated in the planning or restoration task on the period for which the entire ensemble or its individual parts should be restored should be confirmed or clarified.

Objects that have not undergone stylistic changes during the period of their existence, it is advisable to restore them for the period of their highest prosperity.

Pre-project documentation contains a complete description of the state of the restored object and includes:

1. Refined architectural-planning or architectural-restoration task with a clearly articulated purpose of the restored object and the nature of its use in the future, with a prospective calculation of attendance and its comparison with modern attendance.

2. Comprehensive historical background.

3. Historical plan of the period for which the object is being restored.

4. Reference plan and reference dendro plan characterizing the current state of the object.

5. Combined plans for planning, placement of structures and plantings (the period for which the object is being restored, and the current state) - a historical and architectural reference plan.

6. Situational plan.

7. Long-term plan for the development of the area in which the facility is located.

8. Scheme of the approved boundaries of the restored object with the boundaries of the buffer zone, if they are developed.

9. Transport scheme.

10. Construction passport of the object - initial data for design. Data and conditions for joining the city engineering communications. Certificate of demolition of dilapidated buildings.

11. Plan of the hydraulic system.

12. Photofixation of the existing state of the object.

Projects for the restoration of large and important objects of landscape architecture, as a rule, should be preceded by the stage of technical and economic calculations (FER).

Design is carried out in one stage - a working draft or in two stages - a draft design, referred to in the last instruction simply as a "project", and working documentation.

When starting work on a project, first of all, it should be determined whether the historical boundaries of the object remain unchanged. In addition, it is necessary to find out whether it is necessary to make adjustments to the placement of plantings along the boundaries of the object due to the changed, as a rule, environment.

A prospective transport scheme should be studied. If the planned stops of transport do not correspond to the location of historical entrances, then it is necessary to achieve bringing them into line with those that have developed.

When working on the road network, the prospective attendance of the object as a whole and the attendance of its architectural structures, routes of excursion routes are essential. Of great importance in the landscape composition is not only relief, but also microrelief, especially in open parts. In regular compositions, this is a system of small terraces, artificial elevations and depressions, in landscape compositions, small slopes, giving individual sections a much greater expressiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the possibility of the most complete and accurate restoration of both the relief and the microrelief.

It is useful to submit projects for the restoration of large and important objects of landscape architecture for discussion by specialists. The sketch should be discussed, not the finished work, when practically nothing can be changed. Projects for the restoration of historical objects must be carried out under the author's supervision. The foregoing general provisions apply equally to regular and landscape objects.

The restored objects are different in artistic value, safety, purpose, size, availability of historical materials and many other features, so it is impossible to recommend a single list of project documentation for everyone. You can only have indicative lists of documentation for different design stages, which, depending on specific conditions, are subject to reduction or addition to the scope of SNiP.

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course work

Parks-memory "yatki of the landscape gardening art of Ukraine as a recreational object"

Visnovki

List of victorious literature

Upgrading a thousand, in fact, after the emergence of a settled way of life, people constantly changed the environment of the components and the power of landscape complexes, gave the current development of necessary directing, adapting as much as possible to the needs of the sun and bazhan, which and zoomed in on the appearance of such a development of such an anthropogenic, especially anthropogenic landscape. As soon as I left the first settlements, various agricultural and subdar settlements, now the people are left with urbanized areas, industrial and transport universities, large agro-industries and forestry and subdar complexes.

Серед значної кількості антропогенних ландшафтів особливою групою є група садово-паркових ландшафтів, які за своїми функціональними особливостями, взаємозв"язками, що виникають при взаємодії природної та створеної людиною системи у сучасних умовах розвитку суспільства, вирішують проблеми гармонізації середовища, створення комфортних умов для життя та Їx, according to S. Belyaeva's idea, varto consider as a kind of compromise between the need to remake, vicorist the components of nature and save them at the same time.

Pragnennya people to the beautiful, to the mystical values sprung up the creation of such a rather folding synthetic kind of art, like a garden and park art. As a kind of architectural and artistic creativity, which will go into your own important elements of nature, architecture, artistic art and their compositional compositional creation, landscape gardening and park magic, for example, parks-remembrances not only the meshkants of the territories adjacent to them, but also tourists, sightseers, scientists, too.

Do not give enough respect, that parks and gardens have long been not only utilitarian, but also aesthetically important. With a rosvitom spontaneous, the painting of the transported navigations "the ulcer simply pilled the role of tourism for the socket of social-teokoniyni, the Mizhiznimi admic-terribly organized by the Khogodni Parks" yard of the venerates of the city. With other natural-reserved territories, those objects may be of great importance for the development of a balanced recreational and tourist activity.

The method of the course work is the analysis of parks-memory "yatok of the landscape gardening art of Ukraine as recreational objects".

The urgency of the topic is well understood, first of all, that the development of tourism in Ukraine is even more promising, and in another way, the theme of the development of landscape tourism is practically not achieved.

The achievement of the appointed meti robot and transfer of vikonannya of such tasks:

Explore the history of the development of parks-memorials of landscape gardening in Ukraine;

Analyze the countryside parks-memory "yatkas" of great sovereign significance;

Appreciate the place of park-memory in the recreation of Ukraine and the development of garden and park tourism.

The subject of the study is the specifics of garden and park tourism as recreational objects.

About the "accomplishment" of garden and park tourism in Ukraine.

Follow-up methods: analysis and synthesis, formal, dialectical logic, historical, linear and in.

Structurally, the course work is composed of three entries, three divisions, drafts, and a list of vikoristanih dzherel.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was the legal acts of Ukraine, which support the functioning of the natural reserve fund of the country, the development of tourism and the entire recreational and tourist complex, the regulations, and the practice of the national authors V. Bilous, K. Gamaliya, A. Hetman, G. Denisik, S. Dutchak, M. Klyap, V. Kovtun, I. Kravtsova, S. Kuznetsov, V. Kucheryavy, R. Malenkov, P. Maslyak, V. Petranivsky, I. Rodichkin, Ya. Sadovenko, L. Tsarik, G. Chernyuk, F. Shandor, M. Shulga, A. Yakimchuk and others), publications in specialized periodicals, materials from the Internet.

1. History of the development of parks-memoriams of landscape gardening in Ukraine

The concepts of “garden” and “park” are close to one and the same and are often interchangeable. Ale stinks can be different functions and є as a whole independent objects of human activity.

The garden is an important strong object for growing and cultivating fruits and vegetables, and the park is, as a rule, mystetsky object with special plans, including various architectural spores in small architectural forms (altankas, pavilions) to palaces, theaters, stadiums sports maidans. A part of historical parks is small at its warehouse and fruit garden (orchard that city near the Vilandry castle, in the Vole Viscount park (France), in the parks before St. . In today's parks, these days will ring out, and the functions of the orchard and the park will separate.

M. Klyap and F. Shandor designate the garden as a territory planted by people with fruit trees and chagars. Also, the garden can grow decorative chagars, flowers, as well as the presence of elements of the city. There are different types of gardens: botanical garden; winter garden; orchard; orchard; japanese garden i yogo variety - Garden of stones. The city is also called a garden because of the planting of fruit and berry crops.

Nayvіdomishі sadi svіtu:

Versailles, France - a garden of inspiration for Louis XIV.

Invisible Garden Cosmic Speculation, UK

The Boboli Garden, Italy, stretches across the hillock behind Petty's Palace, one of the largest and most elegant gardens in the Italian style. Yogo design of letters of vikoristany as the basis for all royal gardens in Europe, including Versailles.

Rikugien Garden, Japan - one of the most beautiful gardens in Tokyo, knowledge like "6 we sing garden".

Garden of Claude Monet, France.

The Butchart Gardens, USA. The garden was laid down in 1904 Bushart's homeland in the city of car "єru, de її cholovіk having obtained vapnyak, to ennoble the znіvechenu territory.

Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, Cape Town, PAR.

Yu Gardens, China. The Garden of Inspirations during the Ming Dynasty by the Emperor Jia Jin, and Renewals in 1960

Lincoln Memorial Garden, USA.

Exbury Gardens - New Forest, UK.

Holland Keukenhof Gardens, Netherlands.

Mirabell Garden, Austria and in.

The park is a special fenced territory (naturally pieced), seen importantly for the purpose of recreation, vindication. In the same way, the words "park" and "garden" are far from spreading. That is why the phrase gardening and park art is widely vindicated.

M. Klyap and F. Shandor see the following main types of parks: English park; botanical park; arboretum; water park; zoological park; forest park; national park; park of culture and vіdpochinku; rozvag park; natural park; french park; private park; ethnocultural park.

Find home parks around the world:

Central Park (USA, New York).

Hyde Park (Great Britain, London).

The English park is one of the largest Russian parks in the world (Nimechchina, Munich).

Belvedere (Austria, Vision).

San Susi (Nimechchina, Potsdam).

Chapultepec (Mexico, Mexico City).

Tuileries (France, Paris).

Summer Garden (Russia, St. Petersburg).

Vigaland Sculpture Park (Norway, Oslo).

10. Sofiivka (Ukraine, Uman).

Gardens and parks often gain the status of monuments. Monuments of gardening and park art are historical and cultural monuments that organically include growth in their warehouse, especially the landscape (pagorbi, dzherela vodi and waterfalls, stream valleys, chi rivers, stones , rocks, distant landscape perspectives, sometimes swampy landscaping), architectural spores, sculptures, kvtniki too.

In the history of the development of historical and cultural landscapes, zocrema, about "acts of garden and park art, it was started in Old Egypt about 4 thousand years BC. де будували розкішні вілли, оточені садами. Численні рослини спеціально привозили з інших країн. Персія та Індія також відрізнялися високим рівнем розвитку садово-паркового мистецтва. І тут сади були символами раю, створювалися для відпочинку при царських резиденціях. Завдяки завойовницьким походам Олександра Македонського суспільство античної Greece succumbed to the influx of culture and tradition of Egypt, India and Persia, and then sank into the development of Ancient Rome.

The Balbi Garden near Florence (Italy), Sans Souci Park near Potsdam (Nimechchyna), Palace Park near Versailles (France) and National Dendrological Park "Sofievka" (Ukraine) have been recognized as the most famous park gardening masterpieces in Europe over the past centuries. Dosit in the house of St. Petersburg palace complex (Russia).

Even for hours in Kievan Rus, the words "yani changed the various natural objects" that were on the territory of the temples. The commandments were called in them "godly", "righteous fox", "holy boron". At the sacred highways, they harrowed the cut of the tree, the lamati of the gіlka, and mowed the grass. At the wrong hour, it was hard to go there. At that hour, such a fence was called - commandments. The commandment was voiced urochisto, in front of the great choirs of people. Forest tracts were bypassed with priests and images, holy water and prayers, deafening the fence of cutting the tree sprat of rock. Old trees were often surrounded by a fence, and only a priest would go outside the fence. Crimea of forest groves, near the words "yan observances" the deacons of lakes, rivers, great boulders, vigilant stones and burns were taken in.

The monasteries played a key role in the preservation of the forests, under such stench they were carefully protected and the subdecades were preserved to this day, becoming the basis of today's nature reserves, parks, wildlife sanctuaries.

Справжній сплеск розвитку садово-паркового мистецтва в Україні пов"язаний із поширенням бароко, український різновид якого, на відміну від західноєвропейського, перш за все характеризує підкреслена народність, найбільш виявлена у вітчизняній архітектурі, і, відповідно, у садово-парковому мистецтві. Паркова архітектура in Ukraine, the style changes for other types of mysticism, and for the sake of one century, the formation and development of a regular, landscape, romantic and sentimental park was born here.

Creation of garden and park ensembles in the XVIII century. vodbuvalosya for the minds accumulated in the future to build a practical knowledge of acclimatization of growing and obvious scientific knowledge of architecture, budivel's work, botany, zoology. The rose of the vineyard botany was sown by the graduates of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy M. Terekhovsky, G. Sobolevsky, S. Andrievsky.

Significant impact on the development of the maetkovo budіvnitstv maev enlightenment humanism of the other half of the 18th century. The world of gardening culture being based on the principles of realistic philosophy, exercising to clarity, order and simplicity. In the enlightened literature, people were thought of as a part of nature, and to this, the light that is so special will be for її laws and for the improvement of the natural environment.

Просвітницький гурток «Попівська академія» у Попівці на Слобожанщині, яким керував харківський просвітитель О. Паліцин, об"єднав місцеву інтелігенцію, яка займалася питаннями науки і просвітництва. Члени гуртка обговорювали проблеми раціональності, «природності», що мали своє специфічне втілення у садибній культурі O. Palitsyn should have the idea of the palace and park ensemble of G. Shydlovsky near Stary Merchik - the first landscape park in the Kharkiv region, one of the first in Ukraine and Russia.

The school of gardening near Khoteni is of no small importance for the wide-ranging culture of park gardening, and the desperation of the Sumy colonel Kondratiev inspired one of the best gardens in all of Russia for the project of D. Quarenghi. I. Karazin having fallen asleep in the park near the Osnov "yantsyah" behind the high project, with a greenhouse, for which brother V. Karazin vinayshov the original scorching system.

The fertile lands of Chernigivshchyna became a place for the roztashuvannya of large Hetman's residences. Seeing here as a gift the view of Katerini II maєtka near the village of Parafіїvka, Field Marshal P. Rum "yantsev roared the life of architectural disputes, sharpened by gardens. The palace near Kachanіvtsі buv zvedeniya in the 18th century, behind the project of the Moscow architect K. Blank. Water system the largest in Russia, a small area of more than 100 hectares.

Count P. Zavadovsky, having taken away the lands and great wealth from Katerini II, having inspired a stone palace behind the plan of D. Quarenghi near the Lyalichs of the Chernigiv province. Behind the palace there was a regular French garden-quit garden, and farther - a great English park with a zoo.

Gardening and park life on the Right-Bank Ukraine, on the lands, yakі until 1792, had a particularly significant development. entered the warehouse of the Commonwealth. The mighty princely homelands (Ostrozky, Vyshnevetsky, Chartorizky) volodized a great number of lands, which were passed down from generation to generation. Sadybnі complexes became evidence of the power and prestige of their Vlasniks - Polish magnates, as they asked for their creations of the best fakhіvtsіv - architects, housekeepers, gardeners, whose robots could not be assessed on the territory of Poland.

The transition from sentimentalism to romanticism in the history of the garden and park art of Ukraine is clearly seen when looking at two of the most diverse ensembles - Umansky and Korsunsky. For the life of the park in Uman, they asked for a certified German gardener Oliva, who touched the natural relief. The park, named Sofіїvka in honor of Sophia Pototska, was created as a romantic park-symbol: numerical grottoes, waterfalls, statues evoked a melancholy mood.

The most important component of the Korsun garden is stone, which is inspired by the simplicity of form and structure. The park was shaped by victorious miraculous nature, motivated by the primary landscape. Inspirations on three little islands, which also inspire others in other parks, the Korsunsky ensemble is a unique showcase of architects and gardeners.

Near the Pivnichno-Skhidniy part of the Right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine, not far from the White Church, there is another wonderful ensemble - the Oleksandriya dendrological park. The park compositions were based on the principle of complete devotion to the natural landscape, which implied the inclusion of elements of symmetry. In the lower part of the park, exotic breeds, imported from other lands and regions, dominated, in the western part - natural forest. The largest oak grove in the central part of the park has become a century-old oak forest with an area of 35 hectares, with a growth of 1,500 oak trees per year, from 100 to 300 trees. I will decorate the park and the pavilions "Moon" and "Rotonda", the architecture of the "Ruina" sporud.

In the other half of the nineteenth century. the process of development of landscape gardening life on the terenes of Ukraine is noticeably improved. З 1840-х років у садибному будівництві починається занепад, пов"язаний з кризою натурального хазяйства і початком промислового перевороту в Україні. З розвитком капіталізму дворянські садиби втратили економічну основу свого існування, і поміщики почали приділяти особливу увагу питанням інтенсифікації господарства у своїх маєтках. Тенденція to utilitarianism it was manifested in the gardens of the park area for acclimatization of new colors in the decorative and industrial varieties of trees and bushes, at that hour the artistic side of the composition of the garden and park landscape entered a different plan. - park ensembles that deserve respect.

One of these ensembles is the landscape park near Trostyanets, creations near Maetku I. Skoropadsky, in which there are no architectural features, but the flora of which is considered to be a rare richness.

Veselo-Bokovenkivsky arboretum of M. Davidov, the cape of the hero of the war with Napoleon, partisan Denis Davidov, was founded in 1893. near the steppe treeless zone of the Kirovohrad region. This ensemble inadvertently demonstrates the ability of the people, as they set themselves up as a metaphor for the growth of a beautiful park on marginal lands, for unfriendly climatic minds. The small arboretum in the landscape style has become a laboratory for further study of the acclimatization of exotics and rare roslins on the Right-Bank Ukraine.

Maёtok large tsukrozavodchik І. Kharitonenko Nataliivka is the example of the zamіsky dacha complex of the end of the 19th century; One of the most important elements of the Natalia park - the so-called "sleeping terraces" - a garden of dwarf apple trees on five stone terraces, which created a pleasant microclimate for roslins.

Old-fashioned parks, which were created for the sake of recognition and representation, have become priceless memorials of their era, and at a good hour their significance only increases. цього полягає не тільки у руйнівному впливі часу на паркові будівлі: вигляд парків постійно змінюється в процесі трансформації живого рослинного матеріалу. Реставрувати, тобто відновити колишній вигляд парку, практично неможливо. Більш перспективними є роботи по реконструкції парків - їх перебудова залежно від можливостей використання. Природничо -науковий потенціал старовинних парків найповніше використовується в разі проведення на їх базі науково-дослідних робіт з інтродукції та акліматизації. Найкраще це демонструють дослідження, що розгорнулися у парках Софіївка, Олександрія та Тростянець, приналежних до Національної академії наук України. Збереження естетичних засад садово-паркового ensemble tezh du but more importantly: it will save the yogi as a place of repair, a museum of just heaven, a reserve. For an effective introduction to the park as a high-art complex, not only historians of the arts, but also dendrologists, ecologists, hydrotechnicians and fahivtsiv of other specialties should be educated. Science and technical knowledge, zavdyaks, as if they created miracle garden and park ensembles, will help to continue the current century by giving them new clothes.

2. Analysis of venerable parks-memory "yatok" of imperial significance

On the cob of XXI century. natural reserve fund (NRF) of Ukraine, including 3 biospheric and 14 natural reserves, 7 national parks and 6596 wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments, botanical gardens, zoological and dendrological parks, memorial parks and others. .

The functioning of the natural reserve fund of Ukraine is determined by the legislation of Ukraine. The regulatory framework for the activities of the NRF includes:

Laws of Ukraine “On the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, “On Making Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, “On the Protection of the Navkolishny Natural Environment”;

Decree of the President of Ukraine "On the territory of the natural reserve fund of sovereign significance"; “About the expansion of the borders and territories of national natural parks and other natural-reserved objects”; “About the creation of the national natural park “Prip” yat-Stokhid”;

Decree to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On the State Protection Service of the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, “On the Approval of the Transfer of Paid Services, which may be imposed by the Budget Regulations of the Natural Reserve Fund”;

Decree of the Supreme Council for the sake of Ukraine "On the regulation of the management of reserves and national natural parks";

Order of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine "On the Approval of the New Edition of the Regulations on the Scientific Activity of Reserves and National Natural Parks of Ukraine";

Order of the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Nuclear Safety of Ukraine “On Approval of the Regulations on Ecological and Lighting Activities of Nature Reserves and National Natural Parks of Ukraine”; “On the Approval of the Regulations on Recreational Activities at the Borders of Territories and on the Acts of the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine”;

Положення Міністерства охорони навколишнього природного середовища України «Про Проект організації території національного природного парку, охорони, відтворення та рекреаційного використання його природних комплексів і об"єктів»; «Про Проект організації території регіонального ландшафтного парку, охорони, відтворення та рекреаційного використання його природних комплексів та about "ektiv" and in. .

For the classification of territories and about "facts of the natural reserve fund of Ukraine, established in the Law of Ukraine "On the natural reserve fund of Ukraine" to the natural reserve fund of Ukraine, lie:

Natural territories and objects - natural reserves, biospheric reserves, national natural parks, regional
landscape parks, sanctuaries, monuments of nature, protected areas;

Piece creations about the fact - botanical gardens, dendrological parks, zoological parks, memorial parks of landscape gardening art.

Sanctuaries, monuments of nature, botanical gardens, dendrological parks, zoological parks and memorial parks of gardening and park art fallow in their ecological, scientific, historical and cultural values can be of imperial or religious significance.

Parks-PAMs "Vatka of the garden-park Mystics Testure to be filed by the hollys of vicennial troops of the park Budіvnitva with the Metaus of the Okhotni ї Vikoristann in the Esthetic, Naokhovikh, the nature of the Church of the Tsіlya. . The openness of the parks-memory "yatok of the landscape gardening art to go through the established order, or without the exclusion of land plots, water and other natural objects from their vlasniks or koristuvachivs. On the territory of the park-memory "yatok garden and park art"
scientific research can be carried out. On their territory, there is a kind of activity that is being defended, so that there is no charge for the viconannnym laid on them and threatening their savings.

На території пам"яток садово-паркового мистецтва забезпечується проведення екскурсій та масовий відпочинок населення, здійснюється догляд за насадженнями, включаючи санітарні рубки, рубки реконструкції та догляду з підсадкою дерев і чагарників ідентичного видового складу, замість загиблих, вживаються заходи щодо запобігання самосіву, збереження композицій from trees, chagarniks and flowers, grasses and lawns. On their territory, zoning can be carried out in a vіdpovіdno to vimog, installed for botanical gardens.

Utrimanya that reconstruction of parks-memorials is carried out through projects that are developed by scientific and design regulations and are approved by authorities, at the order of which they are rebuying parks, for the weather:

The central body of vikonavchos ruled in the gallery of protection
navkolishny natural environment - shchodo parkіv-memory "yatok
garden and park art of great sovereign significance;

The organs of the central body of the Vikonavchos rule in the gallery
bury the most important natural environment in the places - schodo parkiv-memory "yatok landscape gardening mystetstva mystic significance.

Vlasniki or koristuvachs of land plots, water and others
natural objects "facts, stunned by parks-memory" yatkas of landscape gardening
mystetstva, take on goiters"
їх protect that savings.

The NRF of Ukraine includes a number of territories and about "facts, which may have a substantive task - conservation of nature and recreation - national natural parks (NNP) and regional landscape parks (RLP). that are created with the method of conservation, creation and effective recovery of natural complexes and about "facts, as they can be especially environmental protection, health improvement, historical and cultural, scientific, illuminating and aesthetic value. The main tasks are: the preservation of valuable natural and historical and cultural complexes and objects; the creation of minds for effective tourism, the development of other types of recreation; the adoption of environmental education and work.

The protection of nature is a sign of the right civilization of the country, and the development of a nature protection gallery in Ukraine and the Ninth is even more relevant. For this reason, there is a plan to increase the area of the NRF. Ninі zagalna plot of land included in the stockpile of NRF Ukraine to become 4.95% of the area of the edge. Tse mayzhe 30 thousand. km2 - the area around the administrative region, or a small power. In 2011, the territory of the NRF of Ukraine was set up in 7346 territories and objects, of which 19 national natural parks and 49 regional landscape parks were established by the NRF.

In total, there are 88 memorial parks in Ukraine of landscape gardening and 426 monumental values.

Remembrance parks of the gardening and park art of historical significance include: parks of culture and vіdpochinku, arboretums, delyanki fox, yakі vikoristovuyutsya like parks vіdpochinku, tobto є forest parks, and іnshі about "єkti.

In Ukraine, the well-known sights of gardening and park art, around the Sofiyivka park, are visited by the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden, the dendrological parks Oleksandriya, Trostyanets, Veseli Bokovenki, the magnate palace parks of Zahidnoy Ukraine and others, p. 129].

As far as the territorial distribution of recreational and tourist resources for the regions of Ukraine, P. Maslyak saw the monuments of the garden and park art of sovereign and cultural significance in the surrounding regions:

ARC - Alupka palace-museum and park of the XIX century, Nikitsky botanical garden, Masandrivsky park near Yalta; Vinnitsa region - 29 memorial parks of landscape gardening (11 of state importance); Volyn region: 5 parks of landscape gardening museums of artistic significance, botanical garden of Volyn State University; Dnipropetrovsk region - 7 memorial parks of landscape gardening art; Zhytomyr region - 31 memorial parks of landscape gardening art; Zakarpattia region - 21 monuments of garden and park art; Zaporizhka region - 20 parks-memories of garden and park art; Ivano-Frankivsk region - 8 parks and memorials of the landscape gardening museum; Kyiv region - 8 parks and memorials of the landscape gardening museum (arboretum "Oleksandriya" and a complex of park spores near the metro station Biliy Tserkvі); Kirovohrad region - 4 memorial parks of landscape gardening art (arboretum "Veseli Bokovenki"); Lugansk region - 6 parks-memorias of landscape gardening museum (including "Gostra Mogila"); Lviv region - 55 memorial parks of garden and park art (botanical garden of Lviv University, 2 arboretums); Mykolaiv region - 19 parks and memorials of garden and park museum ("Mostovsky" of sovereign significance, botanical tract "Stepok" of sovereign significance ); Odesa region - 19 memorial parks of the landscape gardening museum (botanical garden of the Odessa State University, Kardamichi Park); Poltava region - 20 parks-memorials of the landscape gardening museum (4 - state significance, Ustimivsky arboretum); Rivne region - 9 parks-memory "yatok garden and park art; Sumy region - 19 park-memory" yatok landscape gardening; Ternopil region - 18 parks-monuments of landscape gardening art (4 - state significance); Kharkiv region - 4 monuments of landscape gardening science (1 - state significance); Kherson region - 12 memorial parks of landscape gardening museum; Khmelnytsky region - 24 memorial parks of landscape gardening museum (8 - sovereign significance, Kam "yanets-Podilsky botanical garden); Cherkaska region - 38 parks-memories" yatok of gardening and park art (6 - sovereign significance, arboretum "Sofiyivka"); Chernivtsi region - 40 parks-monuments of landscape gardening art (botanical garden and arboretum of Chernivtsi State University, Storozhynets arboretum, monuments of landscape gardening art of the 19th century near Chernivtsyakh); Chernigivska region - 22 parks-memory "yatki" of gardening and park art (sovereign significance near the village of Sokyryntsi, Trostyanets arboretum, palace and park ensemble near the village of Kachanivka); Kiev - over 60 parks (Hydropark, Golosivsky named after M. Rilsky, Central, Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden of the National University named after A. V. Fomin and In.).

Skin care"Yatok of a garden and park art of great sovereign significance - "Golosіїvskiy lis", "Feofaniya", "Sharivskiy", "Tashanskiy park", "Dubechnya", "Khomutetskiy", "Livadіyskiy", "Masandrivskiy", "Mіskhorskiy", "Pecherskiy park "that in. - has its own peculiarity, "rodzinka".

So, the park-memory of the garden and park museum of the imperial significance “Sharivsky”, which is located in the village of the local type of Sharivka, Bogodukhivsky district of the Kharkiv region, belongs to the oldest monuments of the palace and park architecture of Ukraine. The compositional center of the park is a two-top castle-palace on a high hillock, which may have 26 rooms and three halls. Budov’s calls “іnter” єri, stylized pіd Gotik, they were tasted by Rozkishshchi і Obstkovo were zberetkovo until the hour: Kakhlevi Pechika, Ideli, Dubovy Paneliy. , 150 of some rare exotic breeds.

Загальнодержавний парк-пам"ятка садово-паркового мистецтва ХVІІІ ст. Ташанський парк, розташований у Переяслав-Хмельницькому Київської обл., характеризується рідкісною і неповторною місцевістю. Це водночас - база дендрологічних досліджень та місце відпочинку місцевого населення. Основна цінність парку - дерева-екзоти , landscape, a clear view of other landowners, three man-made stakes, digging in various points of the park. The park and its environs are inhabited by animals: hare hare, fox ore, stone marten "yana and fox, fox thir, vidra, beaver, muskrat, mink.

Do not marvel at those that the Tashansky park functions as a memorial of the garden and park art and the ordering of the Studenikivsky forestry, these days of neglect. In addition, a lot of exotic trees have perished, so that they could brighten up the Tashansky park for a long time and sweeten the eyes of the spectators.

Унікальною особливістю, яка вирізняє парк-пам"ятку садово-паркового мистецтва загальнодержавного значення «Феофанія» з-поміж інших є гармонійне поєднання нерукотворних шедеврів первозданної природи із сучасним мистецтвом ландшафтного дизайну на фоні духовної величі Свято-Пантелеймонівського собору. Ця місцевість несе енергетику своєї багатовікової history rich in cult podia and is a unique cultural and natural establishment with the potential functions of health improvement, recreation, tourist attraction and religious center.

Even more high is the historical and cultural value of the park-memory "yatka of the garden and park museum of the supreme sovereign significance" Khomutetsky "(Poltava region), as it richly outweighs the botanical significance. the territory of the park, a part of the exposition of the Khomutetsky Historical Museum is dedicated to the Decembrists.

At the given hour, over 20 species and forms of trees and chagars grow near the park. The basis of the park is natural forest, in which there are three hundred oaks and lindens. To the botanical memorial "yatka" is a pedunculate oak - an oak tree, a kind of plantings by Muravyov-Apostol in honor of his dead blue-decembrists. Park planning in regular and landscape styles. from the side of the head facade. Especially malovnichesky rates, which borrows 2 hectares of the territory of the park. Yogo shore overgrown with cattail and duckweed. 154 species of terrestrial ridges live here, three of which are listed up to the Chervonoy Book of Ukraine, 2 are included in the European red list, two species of regional rіdkі.

On the territory of the village of Pechera, Tulchinsky district, Vinnytsia region, a memorial was planted for the garden and park museum of the royal sovereignty “Pechersky Park”. rivers Pivdenny Bug, the channel of which in the area of the park zone was filled with numerical rapids. a park. About the regular visit to the Pechersky Park, note the correct geometric plan, which was mostly saved, and a row of linden alley from the head gate to the palace, which is already 300 years old. Parallel to the main one, along the perimeter, two boulder alleys were created, as if they crossed over, perpendicular, under the hood straight to the Bug. In front of the main facade of the palace, on the side of the river, there were large flower stalls with fountains and terraces that led to the water. The grandiose panorama of Zabuzhzhya was crowned by a century-old pine forest. For example, XIX century. Bouv Park converted to landscape. Sered Volodariv Pecheri buv "Sarmatian prince" Yurko Khmelnitsky, the birthplace of the Pototskys. In the Pechersky Park of Raztoshovaniya, an architectural masterpiece is the Mausoleum of the Sim Pototskys.

Comprehensive scientific-prestigious establishment, one of the oldest in Ukraine, which conducts work on the nutrition of fertility and botany, is the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (NBS). The arboretum garden is a unique selection of plants from the other continents, and, as a result, the place of origin and excursions is more popular. Roztashovaniya on Pivdenny birch of Krim between the village of Nikita (nin-Botanichne) and the Black Sea.

According to the estimates of the leading fahivtsіv in the botanical gallery, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden is among the most famous botanical installations in the world and quiet, which includes the largest collections of the gene pool of valuable trees. NBS is the only one in our region with a collection of species and varietal varieties of fruit crops, which includes over 11,000 varieties of peach, apricot, alice, cherry, fig, pomegranate, olive, jujube, persimmon. Here is the zybralni koleki of decorative trees of the I grass "Yanikh Roslin, puskhovye nrahovye nrahnaya 6 000 Vidiv, I bagatyushchi of the farms of Koleki Polena 250 bosses of the spaces-aromatic, Efiroili, Likarsky, Farbican. hybrids, polyploids and mutant forms of gospodarsko-tsinnyh roslins.

For vagomy, he contributed to the team of the Vitchian agrarian science by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated September 13, 2000. The Nikitsky Botanical Garden was given the status of the National Science Center. NBS is a leading center for scientific and educational work and promotion of the achievement of domestic botanical and agrarian science in Ukraine, a center for the training of scientific faculty and qualifications in the field of direct yoga activity.

garden flower tourism park

3. The place of parks and memorials in the recreation of Ukraine and the development of garden and park tourism

Old landscape objects, parks-remembrances of landscape gardening art have significant cultural, historical, aesthetic and dendrological value and support the protection of the state. At the same time, garden and park landscapes, with their own material inspirations of past fates, like this year, keep the memory of their lords, so looking at the whole varto, look at how important it is about the recreational and touristic activity.

Parks-PAMs "Vatka of Garden-Park Mystics-not liche, do not eat mysts, but his own izylyustraita fіlosofi looks, the betrayal of the people to nature. The upper specialty, and the pushing, semiic those other aspects, and in addition, can dominate the same characteristic signs in the skin variety of landscape gardening.

А. Якимчук вважає, що рекреаційну цінність парків-пам"яток слід визначати за такими складниками: ландшафтно-естетична цінність, кліматичні показники для здійснення рекреації в теплий і холодний період, потенціал природоохоронних територій та об"єктів, історико-культурна цінність, наявність закладів accommodation of tourists, transport accessibility.

Varto vrakhovuvati, scho gardens and parks, pov "yazanі s і іdіmі і іdіmіhіііііііііі іtіkії, look аbout "єkti kulturії spadschinі i go in tо the translation of the monuments" yatok arhіtektury vіstobuduvannya Ukraїni. The National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Uman metro station, Cherkasy region).

The creation of garden and park landscapes in the Right-Bank Ukraine is named after such famous names: the Branitsky, Tolsty, Lopukhin, Dakhovsky, Grokholsky, Shuvalov, Davidov, Vorontsov, Sveikovsky, Pototsky and others. For example, one of the centers of the Decembrist rush near the town of Kam'yantsi. V. Davidov repeatedly boules S. Volkonsky, P. Pestel, S. Muravyov-Apostol, M. Bestuzhev-Ryumin and others.

With the childhood of T. Shevchenko pov "yazan of Engelhardt's garden in the village of Budishchi, Zvenigorod district, Cherkasy region. In the fierce year of 1847, F. List saw Nemirov, de giving one of his remaining concerts at the hall of the palace of Count B. Pototsky. Honore Balzac from Evelina Hanska, here the “beautiful beauties” “shone” - the young daughter of O. Pushkin, Tasha. Mecca. Hanging 1878 r. the composer having accepted the request to come from Brailiv. There they wrote the first orchestral suite, the opera "Orleanska diva", p "єsa for violin, sim romances.

Today's palaces, park areas of garden and park landscapes go to the relocation of monuments of architecture and locality of Ukraine: a park and a palace near Voronovitsa smt. the garden of the counts of Chernomsky (XIX century), the park near the village of Spichintsy (the end of the XVIII century), the park "Oleksandriya" (m. Bila Tserkva, XVIII-XIX centuries), the garden of Princess V. Golitsynoya (XVIII-XIX centuries) , the garden of Davidovs near the metro station Kam "yantsi (XVIII-XIX centuries), the garden of Lopukhins near the metro station Korsun-Shevchenkivsky (1783-1787), Mislivsky castle near the metro station Talny (XIX-XX centuries), "Sofivka" (XVIII-XIX centuries), sadiba from the park near metro Shpolі (XIX-XX centuries) and in.

The presence of monuments of gardening and park art zooms in on the development of garden and park (garden, park, flower) tourism, the specifics of what kind of field is in the fact that, on the one hand, wines only begin to grow in the world, and on the other hand, garden and park magic It is a symbol of civilization, cultivation of natural environment.

In the capacity of a butt, we can bring, zokrema, a tour "Two parks of love", organized by the travel agency "Dinai Tour".

Tour program:

8.30 - departure from Kiev on a comfortable bus.

9.45 - arrival in metro Bila Tserkva.

10.00 - excursion around the arboretum "Oleksandriya", founded by Count Francis-Ksavier Branitsky in 1793. and named in honor of the squad, the niece of the clairvoyant prince Grigory Potiomkin-Tavriysky, chamber-maid of honor Katerina II. This park is considered to be one of the best in Europe and to cover over 1800 species of trees.

11.30 - free time - a walk in the park.

12.15 - departure from metro station Bila Tserkva.

14.00 - arrival in metro Uman.

14.15 - obid (for the bajan).

15.15 - a tour of the largest arboretum in Ukraine "Sofiyivka". Yogo having created in 1796-1802 rr. Count Stanislav Pototsky for his squad - the beautiful Greek woman Sofia.

17.00 - free time - a walk in the park.

18.00 - departure from metro station Uman.

21.00 - arrival to Kiev.

On the outskirts of the Bila Church, all year round the capital, a unique creation of human hands and nature, the Oleksandriya dendrological park, was thriving. Vіn є one of the greatest vіdvіduvanih vіdvіduvanіh about "єkіvї in the Kiev region. Through the park, the passage is small, but the picturesque river Ros, like a mute complements the forest surroundings with dynamics.

Park "Oleksandriya" spread more low on 200 hectares. Vinik park as a castle residence of Count K. Branitsky in the XVIII century. behind the project and kerіvnitstvom іtalіysky master D. Botani and gardener A. Stange. Oleksandria serve as an excellent butt of a romantic park. The names of the wines in honor of the squad of Count Branitsky O. Engelhardt, who belonged to the niece of Prince G. Potomkin.

Until the middle of the 19th century, Oleksandriya became one of the most beautiful landscape parks in Ukraine. From Pivnіchnoy America and Western Europe, various exotic plants were imported into the park "Oleksandriya". At the deep beams there were sporadzhenі cascades of stakes, filled with pure dzherelny water, waterfalls and fountains. The glory of "Oleksandriya" added to these impersonal people, among them there were few people. At different times the poets Gavriil Derzhavin and Oleksandr Pushkin wandered along the alleys; Taras Shevchenko, Decembrists Sergiy Muravyov-Apostol, Mikhailo Bestuzhev-Ryumin used to come here, they saw the park of the members of the imperial homeland. For trust "pits," therefore "Poltava" Pushkin wrote himself in "Oleksandriya".

Walking along the alleys and paths of the Oleksandriya park, richly seeing and not guessing about those who stench here are more expensive than the earth’s sack, shards of the father’s rich trees that stand here before the eyes of the island, and the continents are far away. There are over 600 species and forms of green "exotics" in the park.

The landscape park "Oleksandriya" is majestic and beautiful. The new one has less piecework, lower in Sofiyivtsy, vіn opposes the harmony of nature, for such a creation of human hands, there are only light additional touches. Like, for example, the round colonnade is famous, the acoustics of which allows two people to speak in a whisper, standing in different lands. This attraction for rich tourists is a good guide.

Assessing the overall recreation and tourism potential of national natural and regional landscape parks in Ukraine, R. Malenkov, it is not effective to reach the visnovka, which is even more ineffective. In the middle of a significant number of nature protection recreational installations, only a few perform normally their functions. One of the main reasons for such a situation, in my opinion, is a catastrophic lack of information for the citizens of Ukraine and its guests (potential tourists and recreational services). That insignificant amount of information about the creation of parks, which, in the Internet, is not satisfied with the middle of the population in any world. Of particular importance is information about the recreational and tourist potential of the territory and about the "acts of the natural reserve fund. One of the options for solving the problem of the lack of information can be, in your opinion, an interactive cadastral system.

To this we can draw a crooked conclusion of the creative approach to the garden and park composition. Serpni born in 2011 Crooked Rose had a flower anniversary, the diameter of the dial of which would be 22 meters. The dial itself is under the cut of 30 degrees and supported by columns. At the hvilinnu strіlka, the length of which is 12 meters, a system for watering the roslins is installed. Here we have an innovative system for coloring colors in special boxes, so as not to let the earth grow; system of infra-red viprominyuvannya, which allows the dewdrops to bloom in bloom. Anniversary is one of the "facts" of the architectural composition, which also includes a light-musical fountain and a monument "cossack rose.

During the rest of the day, more people give respect to the flowers, especially during the flowering period. In Transcarpathia, zokrema, narcissus, sakura, magnolia are especially peeling. The massive bloom of sakuri, as a rule, falls in the middle of the day. Sakuri and magnolia blossoms in Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Khust have attracted the respect of dozens of thousands of lovers of beautiful roses. In the promotion of the holidays near the village of Didovo, Beregivsky district, as part of the celebration of the Day of the village, the traditional "Festival of Trojans" is celebrated. Varto expand the dosvіd of the village of Patskanyovo, Uzhgorod district, where the festival “Chervona Chervona” is held, the village of Dyula, Vinogradivsky district, de s 2008 r. “Festival of Midnight” and in.

VISNOVKI

In this manner, the parks-memoriams of the garden and park mysticism are deafened by the most significant and important values of the park life with the method of burying them and honoring them in aesthetic, high, scientific, nature-preserving and health-improving purposes. nature protection recreational installations. In total, there are 88 memorial parks in Ukraine of landscape gardening and 426 monumental values.

Remembrance parks of the gardening and park art of historical significance include: parks of culture and vіdpochinku, arboretums, delyanki fox, yakі vikoristovuyutsya like parks vіdpochinku, tobto є forest parks, and іnshі about "єkti. In Ukraine, the well-known sights of gardening and park art, around the Sofiyivka park, are visited by the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden, the dendrological parks Oleksandriya, Trostyanets, Veseli Bokovenki, the magnate palace parks of Western Ukraine and others.

Дослідивши історію розвитку садово-паркового мистецтва в Україні, можемо зазначити, що справжній його сплеск був пов"язаний із поширенням бароко, український різновид якого, на відміну від західноєвропейського, перш за все характеризує підкреслена народність, найбільш виявлена у вітчизняній архітектурі, і, відповідно , у садово-парковому мистецтві. Паркова архітектура в Україні долає стильові зміни швидше за інші види мистецтв, і впродовж одного століття тут відбулося формування і розквіт регулярного, пейзажного, романтичного і сентиментального парку. Саме період XVIII-XIX століття подарував світові взірці неповторного українського паркобудівництва .

Analysis showing that skin memory"Yatok of a garden and park art of great sovereign significance - "Golosіїvskiy lis", "Feofaniya", "Sharivskiy", "Tashanskiy park", "Dubechnya", "Khomutetskiy", "Livadіyskiy", "Masandrivskiy", "Mіskhorskiy", "Pecherskiy park "that in. - I have my own peculiarity," rodzinka ", as we have crucified at the robot.

As a sign of the "facts of recreational and touristic activities of the regions, parks-memorials" of garden and park mysticism, they are not only a manifestation of mysticism, but a kind of illustration of philosophical views, the setting of a person to nature. Due to their peculiarities, which are distinguished by historical, political, socio-economic, natural, aesthetic, cultural, religious and other aspects and due to the inflow, can dominate the characteristic signs of the skin variety of garden and park art.

Рекреаційну цінність парків-пам"яток слід визначати за такими складниками: ландшафтно-естетична цінність, кліматичні показники для здійснення рекреації в теплий і холодний період, потенціал природоохоронних територій та об"єктів, історико-культурна цінність, наявність закладів розміщення туристів, транспортна доступність.

Special propositions, pov "azan" z vіdvіduvannі z vіdvіduvannymi prіvіdіvnіvnymi garіdіv і parkіv populitіv, as well as festivals іvіtіv, nabuvayut daedalі more drink.

As a close example of the creation of the route of garden and park tourism, we brought the tour "Two Parks of Love", organized by the travel agency "Dinai Tour".

Assessing the overall recreational and tourist potential of national natural and regional landscape parks in Ukraine, it is possible to reach visnovka, which is even more inefficient. In the middle of a significant number of nature protection recreational installations, only a few perform normally their functions. One of the main reasons for this situation, in my opinion, is a catastrophic lack of information for the citizens of Ukraine and its guests (potential tourists and recreational services).

Problematic are also the nutrition of garden and park architecture. Few of the old monuments are ruined, but the new ones are practically not created. But the tourist has little chance to look at the botanical warehouse of the parks, to find out about the historical heritage, to see the original architecture of the park, to look at the original architecture of the design. Unfortunately, the largest parks in Transcarpathia cannot boast.

What are the monuments of landscape gardening art. Parks are historical monuments of gardening art. Versailles park changes

Historical data

Garden and park

Transition to the composition of the monuments

Versailles park changes

Engravings with historical landscapes of the park of Versailles

Renaissance, Mannerist, Baroque gardens

Restoration of the gardens of Pompeii

Conservation in historical monument parks

Literature

see also

See what "Monuments of landscape art" is in other dictionaries:

Alupka Park: attractions, description

History of the park

park style

Vegetable world

Fountains and ponds

"Cats" of the park

The glades of the park

Chaos

Alupka park: address

Conclusion

Appendix 2. Borders of the territories of objects of garden and park art, accepted under state protection as objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of regional significance, located on the territory of the city of Moscow

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Children's Park named after Pryamikov (GPKiO "Tagansky")

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Children's Park "Maryina Roshcha"

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov

The boundary of the territory of a cultural heritage site (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Milyutinsky Garden on Pokrovsky Boulevard (Garden of the Land Survey Office)

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Morozovsky garden

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance "Garden of the Children's Filatov Hospital"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Square Patriarch's Ponds

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor of the Patrikeyevs

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park of the Central Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semashko

Border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park on Rustaveli street

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park "Lianozovo"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Estate "Leonovo" (repealed)

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Sirengaria Garden on Schelkovskoye Highway

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park of the children's hospital of St. Vladimir

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage of regional significance (works of landscape gardening art) "Park of the Children's Hospital of St. Vladimir" (Rubtsovsko-Dvortsovaya St., 1/3)

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Bakhrushinsky Hospital Park

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance The park of the former. Metropolitan's dacha in the village of Cherkizovo

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Biryulevsky arboretum

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Zagorye"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Bogorodskoye" ("Voronino")

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Small Golubino"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Square near the Chinese Embassy

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Bode-Kolychevy estate in the village of Spasskoe-Lukino

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Remembrance parks of the gardening and park art of historical significance include: parks of culture and vіdpochinku, arboretums, delyanki fox, yakі vikoristovuyutsya like parks vіdpochinku, tobto є forest parks, and іnshі about "єkti.

In Ukraine, the well-known sights of gardening and park art, around the Sofiyivka park, are visited by the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden, the dendrological parks Oleksandriya, Trostyanets, Veseli Bokovenki, the magnate palace parks of Zahidnoy Ukraine and others, p. 129].

As far as the territorial distribution of recreational and tourist resources for the regions of Ukraine, P. Maslyak saw the monuments of the garden and park art of sovereign and cultural significance in the surrounding regions:

As a close example of the creation of the route of garden and park tourism, we brought the tour "Two Parks of Love", organized by the travel agency "Dinai Tour".

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