Himalayan population. The uniqueness of the Indian Himalayas

Since school days, we all know that the highest mountain on the planet is Everest, and it is located in the Himalayas. But not everyone clearly imagines where, in fact, the Himalayas are located? In recent years, mountain tourism has become very popular, and if you are fond of it, then this miracle of nature - the Himalayas, is definitely worth a visit!

And these mountains are located on the territory of five states: India, China, Nepal, Bhutan and Pakistan. The total length of the largest mountain system on our planet is 2,400 kilometers, while its width is 350 kilometers. In terms of height, many peaks of the Himalayas are champions. Here are the ten highest peaks on the planet, with a height of more than eight thousand meters.

The highest point of the Himalayas is Everest or Chomolungma with a height of 8848 meters above sea level. The highest mountain in the Himalayas was conquered by man only in 1953. All climbs that were before were unsuccessful, because the slopes of the mountain are very steep and dangerous. Strong winds blow at the top, which, combined with very low night temperatures, are difficult tests for those who dare to conquer this inaccessible peak. Everest itself is located on the border of two states - China and Nepal.

In India, the Himalayas, thanks to their gentler slopes, which are not so dangerous, have become a haven for monks who preach Buddhism and Hinduism. Their monasteries are located in large numbers in the Himalayas in India and Nepal. Pilgrims, followers of these religions and just tourists flock here from all over the world. Thanks to this, the Himalayas in these regions are very visited.

But ski tourism in the Himalayas is not popular, since there are no suitable gentle slopes for skiing, which could attract tourists en masse.

Where are the Himalayas located? Coordinates, map and photo.

All states where the Himalayas are located are popular mainly among climbers and pilgrims.

Traveling through the Himalayas is not such an easy adventure, it can only be done by a hardy and strong spirit. And if you have these forces in reserve, then you should definitely go to India or Nepal. Here you can visit the most beautiful temples and monasteries spread on the picturesque slopes, take part in the evening prayer of Buddhist monks, and at dawn indulge in relaxing meditation and hatha yoga classes conducted by Indian gurus. Traveling through the mountains, you will see with your own eyes where such great rivers as the Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra originate.

Movement of the continents: 2. Age of the Himalayas

Location, climate, sights of the Himalayas

Of all the mountain systems of the Earth, the Himalayas are the highest and most grandiose: many people note that the first impression of meeting this regal mountain range was amazing and even shocking - at the sight of endless mountain ranges under the blue sky, all “worldly” thoughts disappear somewhere.

Himalayas - location and climate

Geographically, the Himalayas “capture” the territory of five states at once: Pakistan - in the west, India, Nepal and China, as well as Bhutan - in the southeast. Between India and China, the Himalayas form a natural boundary; Nepal and Bhutan are located on the same border - we can say that these are mountainous countries. The Himalayas stretch for more than 2,400 kilometers, and the widest places reach 350 km - the climate throughout their territory is completely different and even contrasting. On the southern slopes, a lot of rain falls in summer - the flora and fauna are rich and diverse, and on the northern slopes the climate is cold and dry. In the highest mountainous areas, winter frosts are not weak - about -40 ° C, and even in summer in some places real winter - up to -25 ° C. To this we can add the strongest winds - hurricanes, and sudden changes in temperature.

Briefly about the history of the Himalayas

Geologists believe that tens of millions of years ago the Himalayas were the bottom of the ocean. Of course, then these rocks were not high mountains - the growth of peaks began due to the collision of tectonic plates, and continued for millions of years, but the mountains turned out to be "famous": in no other mountain system in the world there are so many seven and eight thousand meters as here.

Since ancient times, people have sought to get to the peaks of the Himalayas.. Then they were driven by other desires: if the majority of modern climbers, first of all, want to become winners, then earlier those who hoped to join the greatest secrets of the Universe and come into contact with amazing beings came here - however, there are still enough such people today, and gradually they is getting bigger.

The development of the Himalayas began in the 7th century AD.- then trade routes passed here, but the first explorers got here only by the 18th-19th centuries. It was extremely difficult to map the area, but this only increased the interest of European scientists: many of them lived in the Himalayas for years, and sincerely fell in love with these places and their inhabitants, despite the difference in worldview.

There were many expeditions to Everest - the highest peak of the world haunted people, enticing them with grandeur and inaccessibility, but for the first time it was conquered only in the middle of the 20th century. This was done by two climbers walking in a bundle - Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Norgay Tenzing from Nepal.

Some sights of the Himalayas

There are a huge number of attractions - cultural, historical and natural, in the Himalayas, and many are considered "important" and "main". There are about 3,200 Buddhist monasteries in Tibet alone, coexisting perfectly with Hindu and Muslim shrines.

In Northern India there is a place Ladakh - it is called the country of Buddha Maitreya - the Future. For Buddhists, and especially Tibetan, this place is extremely important, and tourists flock here from all over the world because here you can see life as it was many centuries ago. Local residents are still engaged in agriculture and crafts, using the methods of distant ancestors; observe ancient traditions and customs and even wear national costumes - in Russia, for example, few people know exactly what the Russian national costume looks like in general. The monasteries function the same as they did 1,000 years ago, and remain the most important centers of culture - it is said that there is no such thing even in classical Tibet.

In the north-west of India, in Punjab, there is the city of Amritsar: this is the holy city of the Sikhs - followers of an amazing religion that preaches simple and eternal values. This is a brotherly attitude towards all the people of the Earth, respect and love, free will and good deeds. With all this, the Sikhs are an independent people, and they are ready to defend their rights and freedoms very seriously: according to the rules, every Sikh must wear a dagger or a short sword under his clothes, which is never used as a weapon of violence.

Amritsar's main attraction is the Golden Temple., or Harimandir Sahib, built in the 16th century: its lining is really of real gold, and it is a fascinating sight, reflected in the waters of the lake in the center of which it is located.

Photo: sights of the Himalayas

Of course, the lake is also sacred: it is called the Lake of Immortality, and the locals bathe in its waters, wanting to improve their health or be healed of illnesses. Any tourist who knows how to treat local religious traditions with respect can enter this temple: shoes must be removed and a headscarf must be covered - they are given out at the entrance.

Of course, in the Himalayas now you can not only visit sights and shrines, but also have a great rest - outdoor activities in the mountains are becoming very popular with tourists from different countries. One of the types of such recreation is trekking, or hiking - hiking along the trails in the mountains, which allows you to get a good physical activity and at the same time admire the surrounding nature. For those who do not want to strain the muscles, you can ride small horses - they are provided by the drivers for rent, and they also lead them by the reins, so everything is quite safe. Fans of stronger sensations will like rafting on mountain rivers: even those who have never rafted on fast water can afford it - there are levels for beginners and for professionals.

Interesting excursions are organized in historical places, and in a short time tourists have time to visit different climatic zones: there are several of them in the Himalayas - from swampy jungles and subequatorial rainforests at the foot of the mountains to eternal snow and ice on their peaks.

Valley of Flowers in the Himalayas

Photo: sights of the Himalayas

There are enough natural wonders in the Himalayas, but not all of them are in close proximity: perhaps this is even for the better - this way they remain “safe and sound”. Fortunately, in the Himalayas, many territories are protected by the state.

In the western part of the Himalayas, in a high mountainous area, is the Valley of Flowers, now declared a National Park and included in its UNESCO List. These are not those alpine meadows, which are many in the mountains of different countries - this is really a valley, completely covered with flower carpets, and the colors here are the most unexpected - for example, fields of bright blue Himalayan poppies. There are many hundreds of flowers here, and there are those that are not found anywhere else on the planet. Those who manage to get here during the flowering season - from June to September, will be very lucky, but for a European tourist it is not so easy. First you need to drive for a long time, then climb about 14 km on foot along a beautiful but narrow gorge to a special camp, and from there, on a specially organized route, you can get to the Valley of Flowers.

When is the best time to go to the Himalayas? It depends on what you are going to do there and what kind of weather you need. From April to June - fogs and rains, but the sunsets are very beautiful; then the air becomes cleaner and fresher, and from September to November it is warm and sunny. It is frosty in the mountains in winter, but the sun is also usually bright, and the snow is fluffy and soft - a great combination for lovers of ski holidays.

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Himalayas - "abode of snow", Hindi.

Geography

Himalayas - the highest mountain system of the globe, located in Asia (India, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan), between the Tibetan Plateau (in the north) and the Indo-Gangetic Plain (in the south). The Himalayas range from 73°E in the northwest to 95°E in the southeast. The total length is more than 2400 km, the maximum width is 350 km. The average height is about 6000 m. The height is up to 8848 m (Mount Everest), 11 peaks are more than 8 thousand meters.

The Himalayas are divided into three levels from south to north.

Southern, lower step (Pre-Himalayas). Sivalik mountains, they are made up of the Dundva, Chouriagati (average height 900 m), Solya-Singi, Potvarskoe plateau, Kala Chitta and Margala ranges. The width of the step lies in the range from 10 to 50 km, the height is not more than 1000 m.

Small Himalayas, second stage. Extensive highlands 80 - 100 km wide, average height - 3500 - 4000 m. Maximum height - 6500 m.

Includes part of the Kashmir Himalayas - Pir-Panjal (Kharamush - 5142 m).

Between the outlying ridge of the second stage, called Dauladar "White Mountains"(average height - 3000 m) and the Main Himalayas at an altitude of 1350 - 1650 m lie the valleys of Srinagar (Kashmir Valley) and Kathmandu.

The third stage is the Great Himalayas. This step is strongly dissected and forms a large chain of ridges. The maximum width is 90 km, the height is 8848 m. The average height of the passes reaches 4500 m, some exceed 6000 m. The Great Himalayas are divided into Assam, Nepal, Kumaon and Punjab Himalayas.

- The main Himalayan range. The average height is 5500 - 6000 m. Here, on the site between the Sutlej and Arun rivers, there are eight out of ten Himalayan eight-thousanders.

In the southern spur - Dhualagiri (8221 m); in the east, between the Miristi and Marsengdi rivers, the Annapurna massif (8091 m); further in the eastern spur - Manaslu (8128 m) and Himalchuli (7864 m); further north - Shisha Pangma (8013 m); between the Kosi and Arun rivers in the Khumbu Himal massif rises Cho Oyu (8153 m), Kyanchung Kang (7922 m) and the highest peak of the Himalayas - Everest (8848 m), surrounded by Lhotse (8501 m), Nuptse (7879 m) and Changtse (7537 m); east of Lhotse - Makalu (8470 m) and Chomolonzo (7804 m).

Behind the gorge of the Arun River, the Main Range slightly lowers - Jonsang Peak (7459 m), a branched spur with the Kanchenjunga massif extends south from it, four peaks of which exceed 8000 m (maximum height - 8585 m).

Between the Indus and the Sutlej, the Main Range divides into the Western Himalayas and the Northern Range.

- Northern Ridge. In the northwestern part it is called Deosai, and in the southeastern part it is called Zanskar ("white copper") (the highest point is Kamet Peak, 7756 m). To the north is the Indus Valley, beyond which to the north is the Karakorum mountain system.

- Western Himalayas(Nanga Parbat, 8126 m). Between this range and Deosai lies the Deosai valley. South-east - Rupshu valley.

Unlike the southern slopes of the Himalayas, the northern ones do not have sharp outlines and are relatively little dissected.

On what continent and in what part of it are the Himalayan mountains

The Himalayas are characterized by powerful glaciation (area over 33 thousand square km), the main form of glaciers is dendro-shaped, when glaciation from small formations in the upper part gradually merges into one large glacier below (Rongbuk Glacier (Everest)). The largest centers of glaciation are the areas of Kanchenjunga (Zemu glacier (26 km)), the upper reaches of the Ganges - Gangotri (26 km), the Drung Drung glacier (24 km), the Rongbuk glacier (19 km) and Nanga Parbata - the Rakhiot glacier (15 km) .

Geology

The Himalayas formed during the Alpine Orogeny. The central crystalline core (gneisses, crystalline schists, granites, phyllites) of the mountain system is surrounded by sedimentary rocks of various ages (composed mainly of sandstones and conglomerates). These rocks were formed at the bottom of prehistoric seas that once covered large areas of the modern territory of Asia. In later times, the layers of the earth's crust were crushed into huge folds by the colossal force of the movement of continental blocks.

These folds, often overlapped and broken, form powerful thrust systems. In such formations, layers of earlier origin often lie on layers that formed much later. The resulting mountain system separated the Hindustan peninsula from the central regions of Asia with a giant mountain barrier.

Climate

Literature

1. Rototaev P. S. P79 Conquered Giants. Ed. 2nd, revised. and additional M., “Thought”, 1975. 283 p. from maps; 16 l. silt

2. Scientific and geographical encyclopedia.

Links

Himalayas. View from space Kathmandu valley Everest Rongbuk Glacier

Hissar fat-tailed sheep is the largest sheep of meat and tallow breed in the world. The breed is classified as coarse-haired, the weight of an adult uterus is approximately 90 kilograms, the weight of a ram reaches 120 kilograms. The best individuals weigh up to 190 kilograms, with a total mass of the fat-tailed part containing fat and fat from 10 to 20, and sometimes even 30 kilograms.

The uniqueness of the Indian Himalayas

Sheep are characterized by precocity and rapid growth, and also have a number of undeniable advantages that manifest themselves in different ways in industrial and domestic breeding of the breed:

Animals are able to endure any severe weather conditions without much damage to their weight and appearance, therefore they are suitable for breeding in the most unfavorable regions of the world;
Hissar sheep feed on almost the same pasture, finding it even in the semi-desert and sun-scorched steppes;
The breed does not require any improvement in productivity, since it was not bred artificially, but in the course of many years of non-purposeful crossing of sheep of various steppe and mountain breeds. Tajikistan is considered the birthplace of the breed, where it is still one of the most popular among local livestock breeders today;
Sheep can easily graze both in the steppe and on the steep slopes of the mountains, thanks to which they find food almost all year round;
The maintenance of sheep does not require large expenditures, with the correct organization of lambing time, sheep do not even need a sheepfold, their skin and wool are so warm and dense.

External signs of the Hissar breed

The Hissar sheep does not differ in its beautiful appearance, a long body, high and straight legs, a strongly built torso and short hair give the impression that the animal is poorly well-fed and does not have a sufficient degree of fat content. The height of an adult sheep at the withers can reach 1 meter or more. Sheep are distinguished by a small head, at the base of the nasal part of the skull there is a clearly visible hump. The head is decorated with hanging and very long ears. The neck of the sheep is short, but very wide. The chest protrudes forward for some distance, which is also clearly visible and allows an experienced specialist to determine the purity of the breed.

Sheep do not wear horns, even rams do not have a horn cover. Sheep have a raised and clearly visible fat tail, its weight reaches 40 kilograms with good fattening in sheep of the greasy type, while in the rest of the sheep the weight of the fat tail is on average 25 kilograms. The color of sheep's wool is dark brown or black, the overgrowth of the animal is weak, the annual shearing of wool with two shearings is no more than 2 kilograms from a ram and 1 kilogram from a uterus. In short, coarse wool there is a large admixture of dead hair and awn, therefore, these sheep are unsuitable for obtaining and selling wool for the production of expensive products.

General characteristics

According to the indicators of the issuance of fat and meat, the sheep of the Hissar breed are among the best in the world. In addition, sheep have good milk qualities, the milkiness of sheep is so high that it allows the farmer to get up to 120 liters of milk in two months from one sheep, that is, the animal can produce up to 2.5 liters of milk per day, provided that the lambs are transferred to artificial fattening

Young animals grow very quickly, you can graze from the second day of life, with proper organized grazing, additional feed and juicy nutritious herbs, a lamb can gain weight up to 600 grams per day.

Sheep are very hardy, they can move day and night, when moving over long distances, for example, from summer to winter pastures and vice versa, the Hissar sheep is able to cover a distance of 500 kilometers, which in no case will affect its physical condition, because the breed for this is taken out.

Use of wool

Another disadvantage of the breed, in addition to being unsuitable for wool production, is the insufficiently high fertility, which is only 110 -115%, that is, the birth of three or more lambs in a flock is rare.

sheep types

The Hissar breed of sheep is of three types, which differ in the areas of productivity:

A greasy type of sheep with a large fat tail. The total amount of fat during the slaughter of a sheep is much higher than in the animals of the other two types, the fat tail, in which almost the entire supply of fat is concentrated in sheep, occupies more than a third of the total length of the animal's body.
Meat-greasy type of sheep. Sheep belonging to this type have a fairly large fat tail pulled up to the level of the back.
Meat type of Hissar sheep. The fat tail of this type of sheep practically does not stand out and is not visible in any way, due to the fact that it is pulled up high to the back.

Regardless of the type of productive orientation, the sheep of the Gisar breed are kept the same everywhere. In winter, they are driven higher to the mountains, where there is no snow; in summer, they go down with them to summer pastures, closer to home. Heat, cold, strong wind and rain can only frighten a shepherd, but sheep are practically not afraid of them. Short hair dries quickly in the sun, regular haircuts protect against its increased amount. The only thing that sheep do not tolerate is moisture, like most fat-tailed sheep, they prefer dry spaces, fields and pastures in non-wetlands. Sheep endure frosts, of course, the construction of a barn does not hurt, but with insufficient funds and materials, you can get by with a simple shed, where the sheep could take refuge in a very severe cold, as well as for the lambing period.

The Hissar breed of sheep is nomadic, they are used to covering long distances in a day, so it is not profitable to breed them in areas where there is no possibility of long-term grazing in the fresh air. Tatars, in whom the Hissar breed of sheep is most common, roam with animals throughout the year, milk, shear, take offspring and carry out mating also in a state of roaming.

Mating, period of pregnancy, care for offspring

The mating takes place in the same way as for all sheep, with one exception - it is almost always free, in the steppe shepherds do not particularly monitor the manifestation of hunting in queens, but simply graze rams and queens in a herd together, which allows you to get offspring from sheep throughout the year . Lambs reach a large weight very quickly; the meat type of the Hissar sheep can be slaughtered as early as 4-5 months.

In free mating, the ram covers the queens randomly and as much as it can cover in a day, usually no more than 10-15, and it also reveals hunting on its own.

The offspring of the sheep of the Hissar breed are nurtured for no more than 145 days, which is typical for any breed of sheep. During pregnancy, sheep are transferred to the most fertile pastures and kept there until the offspring appears. As soon as the lambs begin to grow stronger and gain weight, they are either sold for meat or driven to poorer pastures, in principle, young and adult animals can find food anywhere where there is at least some vegetation. Like all other sheep, animals of the Hissar breed give birth once a year.

Sheep are resistant to colds, practically do not get sick, but, as a rule, they still need some vaccinations, so you should not expect that after the acquisition, the sheep will find their own food, gain weight and do not require absolutely no supervision and care. Caring for lambs, shearing, milking, slaughtering - all these are the types of work that a sheep breeder who wants to breed Hissar sheep will have to do.

slaughter

Getting good lamb meat is possible only when young rams and ewes are slaughtered, therefore, Gissark sheep are sent for slaughter as early as 3-4 months, or even earlier, they do it en masse. Usually, several hundred lambs are born in the flocks by this time, ready to be slaughtered for meat, the yield of which is very good, farmers in the steppe and mountain regions feed and live off the sale of meat, fat and milk of sheep. But there is no need to move to the steppe regions to breed the breed, the sheep feels great anywhere where there are large pastures and a lot of free space. Mass slaughter takes place in specially equipped slaughterhouses, slaughtering a sheep at home is completely simple, for this you just need to hang it upside down, cut the cervical arteries and let the blood drain. The process takes no more than 5 minutes, after which you can start cutting the carcass.

So, the Hissar breed of sheep is the most unpretentious to any conditions of keeping, feeding and care, a large sheep quickly reaches a large weight, the amount of pure meat and fat, which is what attracts most livestock breeders.

Video: Hissar breed of sheep

One of the most famous miraculous wonders of the world are the Himalayan mountains. The point is not only in the scale of this creation of nature, but also in the huge amount of the unknown that these gigantic peaks conceal.

Where are the Himalayas located?

The Himalayan mountain range passes through the territory of five states - this is India, China, Pakistan, Nepal and Kingdom of Bhutan. The eastern foothills of the range touch the northern borders of the Republic of Bangladesh.

Mountain ranges rise in the north, completing the Tibetan Plateau, and separate from it vast areas of the Hindustan Peninsula - the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Even the average height of the entire mountain system reaches 6 thousand meters. It is in the Himalayas that the main number of "eight-thousanders" is located - mountain peaks, the height of which exceeds the mark of 8 kilometers. Of the 14 such peaks on the surface of the planet, 10 are located in the Himalayas.

Himalaya mountains on the map

Himalayas on the world map

The highest and most inaccessible mountains on the planet are the Himalayas. The name comes from ancient Indian Sanskrit, and literally means "Snow House". They are located on the continent in a giant loop, serving as a kind of border between Central and South Asia. The length of the mountain ranges from west to east is slightly less than 3 thousand km, and the total area of the entire mountain system is about 650 thousand square meters. km.

The entire mountain range of the Himalayas consists of three peculiar steps:

First - Himalayas(locally called the Shivalik Ridge) is the lowest of all, the mountain peaks of which do not rise more than 2000 meters.
The second step - the ridges Dhaoladhar, Pir-Panjal and several others, smaller, is called Small Himalayas. The name is rather conditional, since the peaks are already rising to solid heights - up to 4 kilometers.
Behind them are several fertile valleys (Kashmir, Kathmandu and others), serving as a transition to the highest points of the planet - Greater Himalayas. Two great South Asian rivers - the Brahmaputra from the east and the Indus from the west - seem to cover this majestic mountain range, originating on its slopes. In addition, the Himalayas give life to the sacred Indian river - the Ganges.

Mount Chomolungma, she is Everest

The highest point in the world, located on the border of Nepal and China - Mount Chomolungma. However, it has several names and some variation in the assessment of its height. The names of this mountain peak in local dialects have always been associated with the divinity of its origin: Chomolungma in Tibetan, literally - "Divine", in Nepal it is called the "Mother of the Gods" - Sagarmatha. There is another beautiful Tibetan name - "Mother - the queen of snow-white snows" - Chomo-Kankar. For Europeans, these names were too complicated, and in 1856 they called the mountain an Anglicized name. Everest, in honor of Sir George Everest, head of the British Colonial Geodetic Survey.

Official today Everest height - 8848 meters, taking into account the ice cap, and 8844 meters - the top of solid rock. But these indicators have changed several times in one direction or another. So, the first measurement, carried out in the middle of the 19th century, showed 29,000 feet (8839 meters). However, the scientific surveyors did not like the fact that the number was too round, and they freely added another 2 feet, which gave a value of 8840 m. Measurements continued a century later, when the height was determined at 8848 m. However, several geographers made their own calculations using the most modern means of radio direction finding and navigation. So two more values \u200b\u200bappeared - 8850 and even 8872 meters. However, these values have not been officially recognized.

Himalaya records

The Himalayas are a place of pilgrimage for the strongest climbers in the world, for whom conquering their peaks is a cherished life goal. Chomolungma did not submit immediately - since the beginning of the last century, many attempts have been made to climb the "roof of the world". The first to achieve this goal was in 1953 New Zealand mountaineer Edmund Hillary accompanied by a local guide - Sherpa Norgay Tenzing. The first successful Soviet expedition took place in 1982. In total, Everest has already conquered about 3,700 times..

Unfortunately, they set the Himalayas and sad records - 572 climbers died when trying to conquer their eight-kilometer heights. But the number of brave athletes does not decrease, because "taking" all 14 "eight-thousanders" and getting the "Crown of the Earth" is the cherished dream of each of them. The total number of "crowned" winners to date is 30 people, including 3 women.

Ski resorts in India

The northern mountainous regions of India are a completely unique world, with its own philosophy and spirituality, ancient shrines and historical monuments, a colorful population and a variety of natural landscapes. Any traveler will always find a lot of interesting things here.

Gulmarg (Valley of Flowers)

This resort is located in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The height of the slopes is 1400-4138 m. Gulmarg was built in 1927 by the British when they "visited" India, so it practically meets European standards. The season here starts at the end of December and ends at the end of March.. Here they give out the appropriate equipment, so beginners should be comfortable enough, if, of course, they are not afraid of steep descents.

Narkanda

A small ski tourist center, located near Shimla city at an altitude of about 2400 meters, surrounded by a relic pine forest. Its snowy slopes are quite suitable for both beginner skiers and experienced masters.

Solang

A well-known place for extreme recreation in ski circles. It is famous for its well-developed infrastructure, both sports and tourism. All those who have visited these places always leave excellent reviews about the level of training of the coaching and service personnel of the resort.

Kufri

One of the most famous Indian ski tourist centers. It is located just two dozen kilometers from Shimla city, which for many years was the residence of the English Viceroy of India. Kufri is also remarkable for the fact that in the immediate vicinity of it there is a huge natural Himalayan Nature National Park, where all the wide variety of wild flora and fauna of these places is carefully preserved. Climbing up the slopes of the mountains, tourists manage to visit several climatic zones - from the rapidly flowering tropics to the harsh conditions of the northern latitudes.

Historical and cultural attractions of the Himalayas

For those who prefer to devote their time to exploring historical sites and cultural values, the Indian region of the Himalayas will provide these opportunities.

First of all, in these places, as already mentioned, there was a summer residence of the English viceroy in India - the Viceroy. That is why the small village shimla turned into a city the state capital of Himchal Pradesh. The famous museum, located in the Royal Palace, is replete with exhibits showing the cultural diversity of the region. Shimla is famous for its bazaar with woolen products traditional for these places, national Indian clothes, handmade jewelry made according to ancient technology. As a rule, no one is left indifferent to a horse riding tour of the surrounding picturesque mountains.

Tourists love India. Read - Russians most often come there for the winter.

The discovery of India is the merit of the Portuguese. in another article.

Dharamsala for Buddhists, probably the same as Mecca for Muslims. Travelers here encounter the hospitality of the local population, unprecedented anywhere else in the world. This small town is the residence of the Dalai Lama himself, who brought his Tibetan people here after many years of exile.

To visit the Indian Himalayas, and not to visit the estate of Nicholas Roerich- unforgivable for a Russian! It is located in the town of Naggar, near the city of Manali. In addition to the environment in which the painter's family lived, visitors will see a large collection of genuine works by this great author.

Capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir city of Shinagan- Another center of tourist pilgrimage. According to some theories, it was here that Jesus Christ found his last refuge. Travelers will definitely be shown the tomb of Yuz Asuf, a man identified with the Son of God. In the same city you can see unique floating houses - houseboats. No one, probably, left here without acquiring products from the famous Kashmir wool as a keepsake.

Spiritual and health tourism

The spiritual principles and the cult of a healthy body are so closely intertwined in various directions of Indian philosophical schools that it is impossible to draw any visible division between them. Every year, thousands of tourists come to the Indian Himalayas just to get acquainted with Vedic sciences, ancient postulates yoga teachings healing your body Ayurvedic canons Panchakarma.

The pilgrimage program must include visit caves for deep meditation, waterfalls, ancient temples, bathing in the Ganges- a sacred river for Hindus. Those who suffer can have conversations with spiritual mentors, get parting words and recommendations from them on spiritual and bodily cleansing. However, this topic is so extensive and versatile that it requires a separate detailed presentation.

The natural grandiosity and highly spiritual atmosphere of the Himalayas fascinates the human imagination. Anyone who has ever come into contact with the splendor of these places will always be obsessed with the dream of returning here at least once.

Captivating video timelapse of the unshakable Himalayas

This video was shot frame by frame on a Nikon D800 camera for 50 days over 5000 km. Places in India: Spiti Valley, Nubra Valley, Pangong Lake, Leh, Zanskar, Kashmir.

Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. - M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 .

HIMALAYAS

the highest mountain system in the world, in Asia between the Tibetan Plateau and the Indo-Gangetic lowland. The highest point of the city of Chomolungma (Everest) - 8848 m. Alpine folding. South the foothills are composed of sandstone, the bedrock slopes and the axial zone are composed of gneisses, granites and other igneous rocks. Mountains consist of three levels: the highest is the Big Mountains, which are characterized by alpine-type ridges, high-altitude contrasts, and glaciation (more than 33,000 km2). Sev. the slopes facing the high Tibetan Plateau have a lower relative height. G. are under the influence of the summer monsoon, in the east. parts receive up to 4000 mm of precipitation per year. The altitudinal zonation is well expressed: from the swampy jungle at the foot to the evergreen tropical forests, deciduous and coniferous forests, shrubs, meadows. On the sowing the slope is dry, so mountain steppes, semi-deserts and cold deserts dominate there. Above 5000 m - eternal snow. Mountaineering is developed in Nepal.

Brief geographical dictionary. EdwART. 2008 .

Himalayas

(Himalayas, from the Nepalese himal - "snow mountain"), the highest mountain system of the globe, in Asia, between Tibetan Plateau on S. and Indo-Gangetic plain to the south (China, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan). They stretch in a huge arc approx. 2500 km, width up to 350 km. Avg. comb height approx. 6000 m, highest point - Mt. Chomolungma (8848 m), 11 peaks rise above 8000 m. G. consist of several parallel mountain ranges with a steep south. and relatively gentle sowing. slopes. Sev. the broad valleys of the upper reaches of the Indus and Brahmaputra rivers serve as the boundary.
Mountains were formed in the Alpine era of mountain building. South foothills are folded preim. sandstones and conglomerates, bedrock slopes and axial zone - gneisses, shales, granites and other crystalline rocks. G. rise above the Indo-Gangetic plain in three steps. Mountains form the lower Sivalik (Pre-Himalayas), middle - Small Himalayas (hr. Pir Panjal , Jaoladhar, etc.). Partially separated from them by longitudinal valleys (Kashmir, Kathmandu, etc.) the highest mountain range Greater Himalayas , which are subdivided from west to east into Punjab, Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim, and Assam. The Bolshye G. are characterized by sharp alpine features of the relief, extensive modern. glaciation of the total area. 33200 km². The largest glacier Gangotri (32 km; approx. 300 km²) in Kumaon
Mountains represent a pronounced climate division: a humid subequatorial climate dominates to the south of them, and a climate of cold high-mountain deserts to the north. The altitudinal zonality is well expressed. At the south swampy jungles (terai) are common in the foothills, as they rise, they are replaced by evergreen forests (palm trees, laurels, tree ferns, bamboo intertwined with lianas). Above 1,200 m in the west and 1,500 m in the east, evergreen forests (oak and magnolia) dominate; above 2,200 m, deciduous (alder, hazel, birch, and maple) and coniferous (Himalayan cedar, blue pine, and silver spruce) forests dominate; up to 3600 m coniferous forests (fir, larch, juniper) rise with a dense undergrowth of rhododendron. Top. the border of alpine meadows reaches 5000 m and only here is replaced by a nival-glacial belt. Dry sowing. slopes cover mountain steppes, semi-deserts and cold deserts. Of the animals live Himalayan bears, wild goats, wild sheep, yaks; a lot of rodents. Up to a height of 2500 m, the slopes are cultivated, terraced agriculture is typical (tea bush, citrus fruits, rice on irrigated lands). Mountaineering is widely developed and well organized in Georgia, especially in Nepal.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Himalayas

the highest mountain system of the globe, in Asia, between the Tibetan plateau in the north and the Indo-Gangetic plain in the south; in China, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan. The name comes from the Nepalese "himal" - "snow mountain". Form a huge arc dl. OK. 2500 km, lat. up to 350 km. Wed high combs approx. 6000 m, highest point - Mt. Chomolungma(8848 m), 11 peaks rise above 8000 m. The Himalayas consist of several parallel mountain ranges with a steep south. and relatively gentle sowing. slopes. Sev. the boundary is a giant longitudinal depression, occupied by the upper course of the river. Ganges and Brahmaputra flowing in opposite directions.
The Himalayas were formed during the Alpine era of mountain building. South the foothills are composed mainly of sandstones and conglomerates, the bedrock slopes and the axial zone are composed of gneisses, crystalline schists, granites, and other crystalline and metamorphic rocks. The mountain system rises above the Indo-Gangetic plain in three steps, forming mountains. Sivalik(Fore-Himalayas), Small Himalayas(Pir-Panjal Ridge, Jaoladhar, etc.) and partially separated from them by longitudinal valleys (Kashmir Valley, Kathmandu, etc.) Greater Himalayas, which, along the strike from west to east, are subdivided into Punjab, Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim, and Assam. The Great Himalayas are characterized by sharp alpine landforms, extensive modern glaciation of a total area. 33,200 km². The largest glacier is Gangotri (about 300 km²) in the Kumaon Himalayas.

The altitudinal zonality is well expressed. At the south swampy jungles (terai) are widespread in the foothills, as they rise, they are replaced by evergreen tropical forests (palm trees, laurels, tree ferns, bamboo, and all this is intertwined with lianas). Above 1,200 m to the west and 1,500 m to the east, evergreen forests of oak and magnolia dominate; at the height 2700-3600 m dominated by coniferous forests of fir, larch, juniper with a dense undergrowth of rhododendron. The upper limit of the alpine meadows reaches the heights. 5000 m and only here is replaced by a nival-glacial belt. On the northern, drier slopes, where the influence of the monsoon weakens, mountain steppes, semi-deserts and cold deserts dominate. Of the animals, the Himalayan bear, wild goats, wild sheep, yak live; a lot of rodents. Up to high 2500 m slopes are cultivated, terraced agriculture is typical (tea bush, citrus fruits, rice on irrigated lands). In the Himalayas, especially in Nepal, mountaineering is widely developed and well organized.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

Synonyms:

See what "HIMALAYS" is in other dictionaries:

Himalayas- Himalayas. View from space Himalayas abode of snows, Hindi. Contents 1 Geography 2 Geology 3 Climate 4 Literature 5 Links Geography of the Himalayas ... Tourist Encyclopedia

The highest mountain system in the world, between the Tibetan Plateau (in the north) and the Indo-Gangetic Plain (in the south). The length of St. 2400 km, width up to 350 km. Among the high ridges ca. 6000 m, maximum height up to 8848 m, Chomolungma (Everest) highest ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 mountain system (62) mountains (52) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Himalayas- HIMALAYAS, mountains in the Center. Asia, the greatest on the globe. Zap. their extremity is, under 36 ° north. lat., together with the Hindu Kush, Kara Korum and Kuen Lun, the greatest forge on earth. junction (see map to British India station). Hence G. ... ... Military Encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Himalayas (meanings). Himalayas ... Wikipedia

Himalayas- Snowy peaks of the Himalayas. HIMALAYS, the highest mountain system of the globe, in Asia (India, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan), between the Tibetan Plateau (in the north) and the Indo Gangetic Plain (in the south). Length over 2400 km. Altitude up to 8848 m (mountain ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

The Himalayas in India and China are the highest mountains on Earth.

Where is it located and how to get there

Geographical coordinates:Latitude:29°14′11″N (29.236449), Longitude:85°14′59″E (85.249851)
Travel from Moscow-Come to China or India and there is a stone's throw. Don't Forget Your Mountain Equipment
Travel from St. Petersburg: You come to Moscow and then you come to China or India and there it's a stone's throw. Don't Forget Your Mountain Equipment
Distance from Moscow-7874 km., from St. Petersburg-8558 km.

Description in the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron (published on the border of the 19th-20th centuries)

Himalayan mountains
(Himalaja, in Sanskrit - a winter or snow dwelling, among the Greeks and Romans Imans and Hemodus) - the highest mountains on Earth; separate Hindustan and the western part of Indochina from the Tibetan Plateau and extend from the place where the Indus exits them (at 73 ° 23 ′ E GMT) in a southeast direction to the Brahmaputra (at 95 ° 23 ′ E) over 2375 km with a width of 220-300 km. The western part of the Himalayas (hereinafter referred to as G.) at 36 ° N. sh. so closely connected in one mountain knot (the greatest on Earth) with the beginning of the Karakorum ridge (see), which is almost parallel to it, which stretches at an insignificant distance from it, with the Kuen-Lun ridge, which limits Tibet from the north, and with the Hinduku, that all these four mountain ranges are part of one hill. The mountains make up the southernmost and highest of these ranges. The eastern end of the G. mountains passes approximately 28 parallels to the north. parts of the British province of Assam and Burma into the Yun-Ling Mountains, which already belong to China. Both mountain masses are separated from each other by the Brahmaputra, which cuts the mountains here and makes a bend from N to SW. If we imagine a line running south from Lake Mansarovar, which lies between the sources of the Settlej and the Brahmaputra, then it will divide the G. mountains into the west. and east. half and at the same time will serve as an ethnographic boundary between the Aryan population of the Indus basin and the population of Tibet. The average height of a city is 6941 m; numerous peaks well above this line. Some of them are higher than all the peaks of the Andes and represent the highest points on the earth's surface. Up to 225 of these peaks have been measured; of these, 18 rise over 7600 m, 40 over 7000, 120 over 6100. The highest of all Gaurisankar, or Mount Everest (Mount-Everest), with a height of 8840 m, Kanchinjinga (Kantschinjinga) at 8581 m and Dhawalagiri at 8177 m. All of them lie in the eastern half of the G. mountains. The average height of the snow line in the G. mountains is approximately 4940 m to the south. slope and 5300 m to the north. Of the huge glaciers, some descend to 3400 and even 3100 m. The average height of the passages (Ghâts) leading through the mountains through G., of which 21 are known, is 5500 m; the height of the highest of them, the passage of Ibi Gamin, between Tibet and Garhwal, is 6240 m; the height of the lowest, Bara-Latscha, is 4900 m. The mountains do not constitute one completely continuous and continuous chain, but consist of a system of more or less long ridges; partly parallel, partly intersecting between which lie wide and narrow valleys. Real plateaus in G. mountains are not found. Generally southern. the G. side of the mountains is more fragmented than the northern side; there are more spurs and side ridges, between which lie the states of Kashmir, Gariwal, Kamaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, more or less dependent on the Indo-British government. To the south On the side of the G. mountains, the tributaries of the Indus originate: Dzhelam, Shenab and Ravi, the Ganges with its left tributaries and the Jamuni.
Mountains more than all other mountains on the globe are rich in the majestic beauties of nature; they present a particularly picturesque view from the south. As for the geological structure of the GG, sandstones and detrital rocks are predominantly visible near the sole. Above, up to approximately 3000-3500 m in height, gneiss, mica, chlorite and talc schist predominate, often cut through by thick veins of granite. Above - the peaks are composed mainly of gneiss and granite. Volcanic rocks are not found on the G. mountains, and in general there are no signs of volcanic activity at all, although there are various hot springs (up to 30 in number), the most famous of which are located in Badrinat (see). The vegetation is extremely diverse. At the southern sole of the east. half stretches unhealthy and unsuitable for settlement marshland, called Tarai, 15-50 km wide, overgrown with impenetrable jungle and giant grass. It is followed, up to an altitude of approximately 1000 m, by extremely rich, tropical and especially Indian vegetation, followed by forests of oaks, chestnuts, laurel trees, etc., up to an altitude of 2500 m. Between 2500 and 3500 m, the flora corresponds to that of southern and central Europe. ; conifers predominate, namely Pinus Deodora, P. excelsa, P. longifolia, Aties Webbiana, Picea Morinda, etc. The border of woody vegetation runs higher to the north. side (the last species of trees here is birch), than to the south. (here, one species of oak, Quercus semicarpifolia, rises above all). The next area of shrubs then reaches the border of snow and sowing. side ends with one type of Genista, to the south. - several species of Rhododendron, Salix and Ribes. Grain cultivation on the Tibetan side rises to 4600 m, on the Indian side only up to 3700; grasses grow up to 5290 m on the first one, and up to 4600 m on the second. The mountain fauna is also extremely interesting and very rich. To the south side up to 1200 m it is specially Indian; its representatives are the tiger, elephant, monkeys, parrots, pheasants and beautiful types of chickens. In the middle region of the mountains there are bears, musk deer and various types of antelopes, and in the sowing. side adjacent to Tibet - wild horses, wild bulls (yaks), wild sheep and mountain goats, as well as some other mammals belonging to the fauna of Central Asia and especially Tibet. The G. mountains not only constitute the political boundary between the Anglo-Indian possessions and Tibet, but in general also the ethnographic boundary between the Hindu Aryans living south of the G. mountains and the inhabitants of Tibet belonging to the Mongol tribe. Both tribes spread through the valleys deep into the G. mountains and mixed with each other in various ways. The population is most dense in extremely fertile valleys, at an altitude of 1500 to 2500 m. At an altitude of 3000 it becomes already rare.
History of the name (toponym)
Himalayas, from the Nepalese himal, "snow mountain".

Himalayas. View from space