The history of kolan bair. Dolgorukovskaya Yayla. On the edge of the Main Ridge. To Kolan-Bair on your own transport

Many routes have been laid to the partisan memorial in the Zuisky forest. We will describe three ways to these reserved places: two on foot and one by car.

From the village of Perevalnoe

The starting point of the route can be reached by trolley bus number 1 to Perevalny from Simferopol railway station. From Yalta by trolleybus number 52 or by any bus going to Simferopol. From here we will go along the trolleybus route towards Simferopol, cross the bridge over the Raspberry stream. Immediately after the bridge, turn right into the village street. Pay attention to the name of the street - Partizanskaya. At house number 12, on a bridge made of concrete pipes lying in the water, we pass to the left bank of the stream. On the hillock, near the last house, there is a signpost with the inscription "Along the partisan paths." Here begins the journey to the partisan forest.

From the pointer we follow the forest path to a clearing with individual hawthorn bushes, pear and apple trees. Here the trail joins the road, along which we will continue our journey. In about half an hour we will approach the already familiar Raspberry Stream and cross it over the stones. From the stream we begin to climb the slope along the tourist path, which stretches along the right bank of the stream to the very yayla. Outcrops of rocks appear under your feet and you have to be very careful all the time so as not to slip on the stones and get injured. The climb is getting steeper. But the caring hands of your predecessors equipped a railing in this place, tying sticks between the trunks of trees. A few more steps - and we are at the spring. Relax, refresh and get back on the road.

The last meters of the ascent. On the index we read: "Dolgorukovskaya Yayla". On the right, among the trees, a house is visible. This is the forest cordon "Beech". Nearby are even rows of young pine forest, planted by human hands.

From the cordon we move along a dirt road to gray rocks that are clearly visible against the background of a green forest. In half an hour we will go to a small river. In the hot season, you may not even notice it. But this is an amazing river - Subothan. It originates on the northern slope of Mount Tyrke, runs for several kilometers along the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla, and if you go downstream, you can see a lake created by human hands. It is filled with the waters of the Subothan River.

Approximately 150 years ago, a prominent scientist and researcher of the Crimea, Dubois de Montere, suggested that the Subotkhan River, having traveled many kilometers underground, comes to the surface at the famous Red Caves and continues on its way under a different name - the Krasnopeshchernaya River (Kizil-Koba, Kyzylkobinka).

From Subothan, the rocks to which we are going are very close. There, like a torch, the monument "Komsomol Rocks" glows.

From the monument we go along the forest road to a large clearing on which there is a barrier. Nearby there is a gazebo for relaxation. From here, along a path faintly visible in the grass, after going around the barrier on the left, you can go to the spring.

Returning to the clearing, we will find the path we need. This is easy to do: next to it is a pointer: "Height 1025". The path winds between the trees and leads to another large clearing through which the Malaya Burulcha river flows. Feel free to jump to the other side and move on. Across the river begins the ascent to the height of Dedov's hut. In about ten minutes we go out to the memorial sign; "The parking lot of the partisan detachment." During the war years, the 1st Partisan Detachment of the Northern Formation was stationed here.

Now a few minutes of descent - and you are on the banks of the river Burulchi, where the tourist shelter "Partizansky" is located. We will leave backpacks at the shelter, especially since we have to spend the night here, and take a light walk to the famous height 1025.

From the shelter "Partizansky" we go downstream of the river, along its right bank, and, of course, we will pay attention to a strange structure resembling a hydroelectric station in miniature. As the inscription says, this is a partisan mill and power station of the Zuy detachment. From the old partisan mill, only the wheel remains, which lies near a tree on the opposite bank. And the current mill in 1966 was built by Simferopol tourists.

The indefatigable Burulcha runs on. We will follow her fast waters and in 10 minutes we will reach the clearing. In the thickets of butterbur, the remains of iron boxes are barely visible. Once they had shells for a partisan cannon, which was at an altitude of 1025. A steep, long climb - and you are on top.

In the center of a small platform on a stone pedestal is a partisan cannon. A wooden ladder was attached to the trunk of a tall tree: there was an observation post on this tree. Here is the dugout in which the partisan radio operators lived.

In 1941, this cannon was left to the partisans by units of the Red Army retreating to Sevastopol. In the spring of 1942, with great difficulty, on their hands, the partisans dragged her to the heights.

Height 1025 has a horseshoe shape, and our path passes along this giant stone horseshoe. The path leads to a small area above the cliff, to two nearby monuments.

From the mass grave we go down the path to the shelter "Partizansky". Before setting up camp, contact the commandant of the shelter, he will indicate the place. And on the road again in the morning.

From the place of lodging for the night, in a familiar way, we will return to a large clearing, where a barrier is installed. From here we continue along the right road through the forest. 35–40 minutes of walking - and in front of us is the already familiar Dolgorukovskaya Yayla. Ahead, about four kilometers away, a wooded upland is clearly visible. Against its background, a tall white obelisk stands out clearly.

We leave the road and go in the direction of the obelisk along the yaila. An hour later we are at the foot of the height. From here you can clearly see the Mound of Glory, poured at a height of 887. Relentless time has not yet had time to erase the traces of past battles. Around swollen trenches, funnels, fragments of bombs and shells.

Along the entire edge of the forest there are monuments and obelisks to the partisan heroes who died on the battle lines.

Here is one of those monuments. It says: "Here heroically died the chief of staff of the 24th partisan detachment Komsomol Smirnov Anatoly Nikolaevich 1924-XII.1943." He was only 19 years old...

And here is a monument to the Slovak partisans. Nine names are listed on the plate.

The monument to the partisan "Katyusha" and its heroic calculation was built in 1971.

There are many more monuments and memorial plates on the spurs of Kolan-Bair, and a high obelisk unites them into a kind of memorial complex, which serves as a guide on the way to the height. On a white marble slab are the words: “To the partisan heroes. They fell on this bloody field so that you live, grow and mature. 1941-1944".

Now let's go to height 887, on top of which the Mound of Glory was built by the hands of the youth of Simferopol. There is a stele next to the mound, it bears the names of the partisans who fell in battles with the invaders.

The tour is coming to an end. But before setting off on the way back, let's rest a bit and drink water from a partisan spring. It is not far from the Mound of Glory. To find a spring, let's go to the place where a country road goes into the forest. To the left of it, along a small beam, a path was laid. It will lead to a gray slab with a bas-relief image of a partisan and the inscription: "Partisan spring ... fall down, but not only with your lips, but with your heart." During the war years, partisan dugouts were located near this source, and if you look closely at the area, you can still see their traces.

Now let's return to the Mound of Glory and, leaving the buildings under the red roof on the right, we will climb a small hill - a spur of the Dolgorukovskaya yayla. From here we will begin the descent towards the Simferopol-Alushta highway. To the right are the first bushes and trees. We continue to descend along the spur along the edge of the forest for another 200 meters to the very cliff. Here, in the greenery of the bushes, a path is visible, going to the right and down. Be careful and careful, as she is quite cool. A short descent ends in the Kizil-Koba tract, on a tuff platform, from which a panorama of the Crimean mountains opens. The entire journey from height 887 to the tuff area will take approximately two hours.

From the monument "Partisan Hat" along the valley of the river Kurlyuk-Su

From Simferopol on intercity trolleybuses No. 11, 12, 14, 15 we go to the monument "Partisan Hat", where, at the request of passengers, the driver will make a stop.

After examining the monument, we will go along the highway towards Simferopol to the electrical substation, then turn right off the highway and go out onto the forest road leading to the Kurlyuk-Su gorge. In a few minutes, you are in a clearing, where a place to rest is equipped. Immediately behind the clearing we will cross the river over stones or logs of logs and after a dozen meters we will see a fork in the road. Continue along the left road, cross the river again. The road begins to gradually rise up; the river is no longer visible, you can only hear how it rustles to the right somewhere far below. Another fork, turn left again and approach the place where the road forks into several paths. They all rise sharply and soon merge back into the road. Choose any, except for the far right, as it will again lead to the river.

The road, gradually rising, goes along the left slope of the nameless tributary of the Kurlyuk-Su River, crosses it and leads to a fork. This time we turn to the right and go out to the ridge, overgrown with pine forest. A long and sometimes steep ascent begins. The road is very washed out, so it is better to climb along the path laid along the road. Without turning onto the branches, we go to the road that crosses the path. We continue along the road to the right, along a clearing overgrown with wild pears and apple trees, until the next fork. From here we go along the left road to the sign "On partisan paths". Near the pointer to the left of the road, a good path departs, following which after 45 minutes we will come to a small area. There is a spring in the right corner of it.

Having rested at the spring, we continue, adhering to the left paths, to go along the slope until the path leads to an open place to young oak plantations, rounding which we will get to a well-trodden road. We go along it in the same direction and after 20 minutes we find ourselves in a clearing near the barrier. The description of the further way is given above.

To Kolan-Bair on your own transport

From Simferopol, you should go northeast along the Feodosia highway. At the 11th kilometer, the road leaves to the right with. Mazanka, along which we continue our journey. We pass the Mazanka, leave on the left with. Edges and about 10 km more we will drive along a country road going along Dolgorukovskaya Yayla, to a characteristic ledge of a coniferous forest. Let's stop here for a few minutes and look around. To the right rises the bulk of Chatyrdag, to the left of it the mountains Demerdzhi, Tyrke, Yaman-Tash are clearly visible. In the foreground is the height of Kolan-Bair covered with forest, an obelisk rises against the background of the forest. To the left of Kolan-Bair - Mound of Glory.

Having understood the situation, continue on your way. The road you were driving on makes a sharp turn to the left and goes down into the beam, where it forks. Turn right and in 10-15 minutes you will be at the Mound of Glory.

Here you can leave the transport and take a short tour of the partisan memorial. Having examined the monuments of Kolan-Bair and height 887, return to Simferopol by the same road.

I continue to acquaint the Crimeans and guests of the peninsula with one-day mountain walks.
Today I will share one of the most affordable and budget options for PVD (weekend hike).
Route: Simferopol - Perevalnoe - Red Cave - Dolgorukovskaya Yayla and back.

The most convenient way to Dolgorukovskaya Yayla from Simferopol lies through the village of Perevalnoe.
This is the route Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta and there is a lot of transport. Minibuses, buses, trolleybuses.
From the railway station of Simferopol by minibus to go about 50 minutes.
We get off at the stop "Red Caves". Along the wide valley of the Krasnopeshchernaya River we go to the tract
Kizil-Koba. The road after 3 km turns into a trail, and after another one and a half kilometers we are at the waterfall
Su-uchhan. I talked about a walk to the waterfall and winter swimming.
And today we are going higher.

Having reached the asphalt to the "Wonderland" - an eclectic cluster of stone and wooden figures, you will see a path up the slope.
This is the fast way to Yayla. The second, steeper, but also more interesting route lies through the Kizil-Koba gorge, along the river.
2.

Frosty morning. Artifact is an artifact of local tourist transport.
3.

Harsh everyday life of jeepers. Sorry, guys, for the angle, but you can’t throw words out of a song.
4.

Crimeans are so severe that even seals are made of stone.
5.

Not to mention raccoons))
6.

The road rises above the Su-Uchkhan waterfall and leads to a wonderful clearing.
7.

Viewpoint. Everyone is posing on it, including the squirrel))
8.

Behind us is a passage in the rocks. We're just there. To do this, we pass along the steps leading to the Red Cave to
pointer "Yayla" and turn onto the path.
9.


group photo - alexeypatsyuk

The climb is fun. Especially in the rain. But we were lucky, the snow does not slip so much.
10.

The sun warmed up, painting everything in bright colors. And the mood was to match this sunny day!
11.

Thirty minutes of lifting and we are at the top. Before us stretched a huge plateau, called Dolgorukovskaya Yayla.
Snowy roads and trails are perfectly visible against the background of little snowy yayla:
12.

The toponym “Dolgorukovskaya Yayla” is associated with the name of landowners, descendants of Prince V. M. Dolgorukov, under whose command Russian troops entered the Crimean Peninsula in 1771, thereby paving the way for Russia to the Black Sea. The Dolgorukovs' possessions included the village of Mamut-Sultan (now the village of Dobroe) with the adjacent lands of the upper reaches of the Salgir, including the Kizilkobinsk tract with the yayla located above it. However, the name of the plateau - Dolgorukovskaya Yayla - appears on the maps relatively recently. P.I. Sumarokov used the term "Demerdzhi-yayla" (He places the Red Caves on its northern slope). Exactly 100 years later (1903), geologist V. M. Tsebrikov included the entire area in the concept of "Karabi-yayla". The same geographical terminology was followed in 1911 by P. Petrov. Consequently, the toponym "Dolgorukovskaya Yayla" had not yet been established by that time.

One way or another, but in Kruber's monograph "The Karst Region of the Mountainous Crimea" published in 1915, "Dolgorukovskoye Uplands" is listed for the first time. This name also appears on the botanical and geographical map of E.V. Wulf published in 1921. Consequently, as a stable name "Dolgorukovskaya yayla" is approved already in the current century, most likely in the beginning or even the middle of the 1920s.

Another 40 minutes of movement and in front of us on the horizon rises the wooded mountain Kalan-Bair, 914 m high.
13.

And our goal, the Mound of Glory, is located 500 meters to the left. Or Northwest.
Leaving my companions for a photo session, I went ahead. Towards Kurgan.
14.

The weather has been wonderful. Yes, in Crimea, basically such wonderful weather all year round!))
16.

And here is the Mound of Glory itself. An excellent observation point, which is what the crows took advantage of, sitting on the structure where the Eternal Flame is lit.
17.

The entrance is made in the form of a star, which is visible from aircraft and satellites.
18.

The monument itself began to be built by tourists, shepherds, foresters and schoolchildren, bringing here a pebble. So a pile of stones grew, which formed the basis of the Mound of Glory. Subsequently, it was brought to its logical conclusion.
Commemorative plaques with the names of partisans who laid down their heads in the Great Patriotic War.
19.

From the top of the Mound of Glory, Simferopol and the White Rock are visible. In a foggy haze, but you can see.
20.

It was lunch time and we did not deny ourselves the pleasure, made a fire and boiled tea.
The foliage after the snow was wet, slightly dried in the breeze, but fireproof. The fire was lit with difficulty, wood for the winter
gained moisture and burned reluctantly. If you do not fan the fire, it immediately goes out.
21.

22.

There is a partisan spring under the Mound of Glory. The old geographical name is Chitliuk Chokrak.
The modern name is Ladoshki. Take a closer look and it will become clear why they called it that. The spring was landscaped in 1975 by the Komsomol members of Simferopol. And again in 2012.
23.

24.

25.

26.

The water in the spring is delicious, we collect it with us.
27.

Time to return. We take a return course to Perevalnoye. On the way we go a little taking to the right, closer to the forest.
In the middle of the yayla there is another monument to the partisans. The day is short and we didn’t go to the monument to the plane. In general, on Dolgorukovskaya
there are many monuments. If we count all the commemorative signs, stars and tablets, then there will be about 25, but most likely there are more.
28.

And below, at the starting point, in the Fairy Meadow, ducks and a thawed Moskvich were waiting for us:
29

A one-day trip along Dolgorukovskaya Yayla to the Mound of Glory and back took the whole day, from 9 am to 5 pm.
about 19 km.
31.

32.

In May, the entire plateau is covered with bright clearings of a thin-leaved peony, resembling red poppies in appearance.
You can admire these flowers in my last year's post.

Dolgorukovskaya Yayla is familiar to most Crimeans. At least, everyone who traveled from Simferopol to Alushta and passed through the villages of Good, Zarechnoye, Perevalnoye saw it. The plateau is on the left of the movement.
IN northeastern part of the plateau, a relatively small area, there is a whole complex of monuments to the Crimean partisans.

“Stop, traveler, read and remember. You step onto the sacred land, abundantly watered with the blood of the partisans of the Northern Union of Crimea. 1941-1944"

In 1941-1944 partisan detachments, the regional underground party center, the regional underground regional committee of the Komsomol were based.

“Stop, traveler, read and remember. You are entering the sacred land, abundantly watered with the blood of the partisans of the Northern Union of Crimea. 1941 - 1944,- such an inscription is carved on the first monument to the partisans of the Northern Union on the Kol-Bair mountain.

“It was saved by the fact that they sat down at night, guided by the fires that the partisans lit. During the day, not everyone would have the courage to land a plane on this tiny piece of land.

The most important monument of the Yayla is the Mound of Glory. It is located on the Kolan-Bair mountain, at an altitude of 887 meters above sea level. Its construction began in 1963, when the remains of four unknown soldiers were reburied here. So the first small mound grew in this place. Then the remains of the people's avengers, buried in different places of Kolan-Bair, Burma and others, were transferred here. In modern times, shepherds, foresters, and tourists passing by also added stones and soil to the mound.

“A sip of living water was enough for them for the exploits of unfading glory. Fall down, but not only with your lips, but with your heart!

At the foundation of the mound lies the land from the Adzhimushkay quarries, from Eltigen's "Land of Fire", the smog of an unknown soldier in Kherson, Kakhovka, in Volhynia, and from other places where there are burial places of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War.

The wonderful lines of the poem by Mark Maximov, inscribed here, are the best fit:

They pour a mound without buckets, without shovels ...

He took the graves of a soldier's handful,

After the death of uvdov, the cover of wounds ...

Look - what a mound is growing! ..

It cannot be compared with a mountain range.

He is conscience, and memory, and glory, and judgment ...

The living go and go in succession,

Vtuesochkah ikasks bring immortality ...

187 names are engraved on the memorial plaques of the mound. The earliest year of birth is 1893, the latest is 1926. This means that the fighter in the forty-first year was only 15 years old.

Forty steps lead to the summit, which offers a view of the iles plateau, where the partisans were hiding.

Here, nayayle, during the war years there was one of the seven partisan airfields - Ivanenkovsky - which received aircraft LI-2, R-5 and U-2. In honor of the heroes-pilots who flew in from the rear of the occupied Crimea by the Nazis, a monument was erected, which is a palm, over which the plane hovers.

Ivanenkovsky airfield operated from August 1943 to April 1944. The partisans were supplied through it, the wounded and the civilian population of the occupied Crimea were evacuated. It was here that in April 1944 the banner was delivered, under which the capital of the Crimea, Simferopol, was liberated.

“Those who gave their lives to their homeland are our memory to you”

Flights were made at night. Despite the unsuitable landing and takeoff conditions, enemy anti-aircraft artillery, pilots regularly flew to this forest patch. “It was saved by the fact that they sat down at night, focusing on the fires that the partisans lit. During the day, no one had the courage to land a plane on this tiny piece of land, ”one pilot recalled about this.

At the very edge of the forest, two modest monuments to the 18th partisan detachment "For the Motherland" under the command of A. Vodnev sheltered. A symbolic bonfire burns at the place of the detachment's camp, a red star indicates the location of the command post. A stylized hut was built nearby as the main shelter for partisans from bad weather. During the combat activity, the detachment carried out 18 major operations, successfully resisted the punitive expeditions of the enemy 11 times.

On the slope of the mountain, under the crowns of trees, a partisan spring lurked. Nastele can be read: “A sip of living water was enough for him for the feats of unfading glory. Fall down, but only with your lips, with your heart!” Water, flowing out from under the rock, falls into palms carved from stone, folded in a “boat”. So this spring is also called - "Ladoshki".

Going down below, we get a large clearing. There used to be a forester's house here, which became a partisan recruiting office during the war.
Inhabitants of villages and cities left the forests of the mountainous Crimea, many brought weapons with them. Escaped prisoners of war came. About 300 people came from Simferopol alone. For this, the military registration and enlistment office was needed as a point of registration and formation of detachments. Today, an obelisk has been erected next to the ruins of the military registration and enlistment office.

Nearby - a monument on the parking lot reconnaissance and sabotage group of F. T. Ilyukhin ("Verny"), which in August 1943 operated in the steppe part of the Crimea and Simferopol. The group included 9 people.
For 220 days of fighting, the partisans blew up 13 enemy echelons. The Soviet command was given about 300 combat reports with stage data to the enemy.

The Tree of Sorrow monument is dedicated to Seydali Kurseitov. Becoming a partisan for less than 17 years, Seydali was a scout, guide, derailed the enemy's echelons, participated in the battles as punishers, was wounded three times. Fourth wound on January 29, 1944. became fatal. The Nazis found the dying Seydali and executed him in a cruel, barbaric way. Posthumously, the young hero is presented with the Order of the Red Banner. The inscription on the monument reads: “Here, on January 29, 1944, the commander of the 1st group of the 18th partisan detachment, S. Kurseitov, was brutally tortured by the Nazis. »

The monument to the "Seagull" - Lyudmila Krylova, a Yevpatoriya Komsomol member, commander of a partisan sabotage group - was erected on a small slope of Mount Kolan-Bair.

Down-to-earth merits Lyudmila was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of War and the Order of the Patriotic War of the I degree. During the defeat of the German commandant's office in Zue on December 9, 1943. she was severely wounded and died in the arms of her comrades-in-arms.

Here, on Kolan-bair, and a monument to the fighters of the Death to Fascism detachment.
“Stop… look around… think… TynaKolan-Baire. There were battles every meter. Grateful descendants of the fighters of the “Death to Fascism” detachment.
The detachment began its combat path in the autumn of 1942. Its first commander was Fedor Fedorenko, a 22-year-old lieutenant in the Red Army. The next detachment was commanded by his friend and associate Nikolai Soroka. Girls fought on an equal footing with men: Lyuba Veduta, Nadya Komarova, Lena Ena, Shura Rybovalova, Vera Ibraimova ... They were then 17-18 years old.

Nearby is a monument to the first partisan brigade "Groznaya" of the Northern connection. “Those who gave their lives to their homeland are our memory to you,” is inscribed on the obelisk. The brigade smashed the German garrisons in the surrounding settlements and controlled the Simferopol-Alushta and Simferopol-Karasubazar (Belogorsk) roads. Carrying out bold military operations, the Grozny partisans inflicted significant damage on the Nazis in terms of manpower and equipment.

A little higher is the Partisan Katyusha monument. November 1943 partisans received from the Caucasus four mountain pack installations of rockets M-8, designed for fighting in mountainous conditions.
The partisans' use of these compact Katyushas caused quite a stir in the Nazi camp, and in December 1943 they launched a general offensive, combing the forests and mountains of Crimea. On December 29, here, on Kolan-Bair, the battery took its last battle.

On the stone under the stylized "Katyusha" the words are engraved: "Bow to the heroes - for this span of land they had to give their lives."

The last monument of the Dolgorukovsky memorial on the Kolan-Bair mountain - Slovak partisans. Forcibly mobilized into the fascist army, they deserted at the first opportunity and, joining partisan detachments, fought shoulder to shoulder with Soviet citizens against a common enemy. 44 Slovaks fought in the partisan detachments of the Crimea at different times.

In December 1943, they fought to the death here against the fascist punitive expedition.

Many more monuments to the defenders of the Crimea are scattered along the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla and the entire peninsula. Unfortunately, in the late 90s, all the monuments were badly damaged by vandals and non-ferrous metal hunters. For many years they were in a deplorable state, waiting for restoration. It looks like that time has come. Increasingly and more often there is news about the repair and reconstruction of another monument in the Crimea. It is especially pleasing when ordinary people do this - alone and with families, just friends and collectives of enterprises, the very same, who does not ask - why me? They just take it and do it, I'll call my heart.

Our grandfathers and great-grandfathers fought for all of us, and to spend at least one day a year to go or go to the forest and take care of one of the monuments - to clean, tint, remove garbage - is not so difficult, you see. And if you take kids with you, then it’s better not to find helpers, and you can’t imagine a worthy role model! This will be what is called the education of patriotism and respect for the history of one's country.

I remember how in the 1980s the pioneers of the Komsomol took care of the monuments, stood at the military post on holidays, went on campaigns to places of military glory and always put in order the monuments of the forested gambling area. It was an obligatory part of culture and education in the programs of many schools in the Crimea.

It would be very good to revive such traditions.

And it will be absolutely wonderful if this initiative is supported by the teams of Crimean enterprises - state and private. Many monuments of the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla have such inscriptions: “The monument was built by the Komsomol members and the youth of the Simferopol Motor Transport Technical School”, “from the Komsomol members of the Simferopol Aviation Enterprise”, “The memorial sign was erected by the Komsomol members of the Foton TV factory in May 1975.” , “Constructed by the Komsomol members of the assembly site No. 3 of the DSK. 1980" .

Maybe once, what's stopping you now?

However, there are already those who have found both the time and the means.

Just on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory, the first Russian telecommunications company in Crimea "Miranda-Media" landscaped two monuments on the Dolgorukovskaya Yaila - a monument to the commander of the partisan sabotage group of 1941-43, Lyudmila Krylova, call sign "Seagull" and the monument "Partisan Military Commissariat".

Other memorial steles and signs were also repaired and updated.
Employees "Miranda Media", as well as representatives of the Belogorsk district administration and journalists, accompanied by a guide, went along the route, visiting 14 monuments and listening to the story of the partisan movement in the Crimea.

After the trip, all participants tasted real soldier's porridge and baked potatoes. Having remembered the heroes of the war, they drank one hundred grams of fighting for the Victory!
They also launched 70 holiday balloons into the sky!

Here you have a wonderful combination of useful work and good outdoor recreation.

Well, friends, let's support?

Dolgorukovskaya Yayla.
General description, peaks, rivers, springs

Dolgorukovskaya yaila (or Subatkan-yaila, if you use the Crimean Tatar name) is a plateau located at the smallest distance from civilization compared to other plateaus of the Crimea. A couple of kilometers separate it from the village of Perevalnoye, and hence from the Yalta-Simferopol highway. Like other eastern plateaus (Chatyr-Dag and Karabi), it drops from south to north. Sometimes Tyrke-yayla is referred to this plateau, although the latter is closer to Demerdzhi-yayla.

Mount Buki in the southeast of the yayla is the highest point of the plateau (1023 meters above sea level). You can also name Mount Chalbash (1003 meters), Kalan-Bair (914 meters), Kol-Bair (818 meters), Yankoy-Bair (883 meters).

There are water sources on the plateau: Yarmak-Chokrak and Veyrat-Chokrak. The western tributaries of the Angara, such as the Kizilkobinka and Raspberry Creek, originate from transparent springs at the foot of the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla. In the north, such springs feed the rivers Beshterek, Dair-Adan, Mulla-Kol, Shchetleu-Chokrak, Choban-Suvat.

Dried lakes - goli - are depressions lined with clay at the bottom, which prevents the penetration of water through karst cavities in limestone. During the period of snowmelt or heavy rains, they can be filled with water. After the shepherds stopped reinforcing them and covering the bottom with an additional layer of clay, the bare fell into decay, like the entire pasture industry. Dolgorukovskaya yayla was badly damaged by grazing, erosion, which gained momentum, destroyed poor soils and negatively affected the vegetation of the plateau.

The toponym "Dolgorukovskaya Yayla" is associated with the descendants of Prince V.M. Dolgorukov, who led the Russian troops who fought in the Crimea at the end of the eighteenth century. His heirs owned lands in the Mamut-Sultan area (now the village of Dobroe just north of Perevalny). As an official name, it was fixed after the revolution, in the twenties.

The surface of the lower plateau is a vast karst fields covered with funnels, ponors and hollows, there are also caves. The yaila is very poorly wooded due to the rocky surface.

A few more words need to be said about the Subothan River. It is unique in that it changes its course during the flood and disappears in the Proval mine. During the dry season, the Subotkhan crosses the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla and flows into the Burulcha River in the east. Thus, this river feeds two different systems, because from the Proval mine, as the researchers believe, it pours its waters into the underground part of the river, which on the surface already bears the name Kizilkobinka.

Borders of Dolgorukovskaya yayla

In the south, the border of the plateau can be considered a narrow valley separating the plateau from Tyrke-yayla. In this valley (and partly along the yayla), the Subotkhan River flows, which gave the local name to the plateau. In the east, a similar valley of the Burulcha River separates it from the Orta-Syrt Yayla.

In the west, the yayla descends in steep rocky cliffs in the vicinity of Perevalny and the valley of the Angara River.

The village of Perevalnoye near the western border Dolgorukovskaya Yayla	View of the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla and the village Perevalnoye from the Chatyr-Dag plateau

In the north, the yayla descends into forests, where its limits are rather indefinite, but not north of the latitude of Mayak Mountain (726 meters).

Scheme of tourist sites of Dolgorukovskaya yayla:

Cave and geological monument of nature Kizil-Koba

The Red Cave, as you can call it by translating the toponym into Russian, is the largest of all the caves of the Crimean peninsula (the reddish limestones give the upper part of the slopes of the Kizil-Kobinsky gorge) and the most famous object on the Dolgorukovskaya Yaila. 270 thousand cubic meters of space with 25 kilometers of available length. Six floors and many galleries and halls (Academic, Chinese, Indian) are an intricate system of passages, so visiting this cave is possible only under the supervision of a guide who knows her. Kizil-Koba is very beautiful, it has everything that tourists want to see in a cave: underground rivers and lakes (up to 500 square meters), waterfalls and siphons, stalagmites and stalactites (one of the last - an eight-meter giant - among the largest in Europe) .

In the distant halls of the Kizil-Koba cave (Red Cave)

The entire complex of caves is enclosed within the boundaries of the geological natural monument of national importance "Kizil-Koba". It is located three kilometers from the Yalta-Simferopol highway and the village of Perevalnoye on thirty hectares of forest, bordering on the steep western border of Dolgorukovskaya Yayla.

Reserved forest, its main inhabitants are hornbeam, oak, hazel, dogwood, maple. On its territory you can admire the Su-Uchkhan waterfall, which beautifully descends in cascades from a height of more than forty meters.

The river of the same name emerges from the depths of the cave and after two kilometers flows into the Kizilkobinka River, and that, in turn, into the Angara, a tributary of the Salgir that feeds Simferopol. The river cut a gorge in the thickness of the Upper Jurassic limestones, and the particles of dissolved lime contained in its composition formed a large tuff area at the entrance to the cave, which, having risen over time, blocked the gorge. The waters of the river, rushing down, form a cascading waterfall on the slope of this site. It should be noted that only the lower floors, which are experiencing karst youth, are filled with water, the upper ones are completely dry.

The lower entrance to the Kizil-Koba cave is called Kharanlykh-Koba, that is, the “dark cave”, the upper one is Iel-Koba (Wind Cave).

In addition to all its natural wonders, the cave offered scientists to solve the riddle of material artifacts left here by an ancient man. According to the name of the cave, a person of this era is called a Kizilkobin, his culture dates back to the first half of the 1st millennium BC.

Other famous caves of Dolgorukovskaya Yayla

Other remarkable caves of the plateau include the Yeni-Sala cave system (three caves). Cave Yeni-Sala-2 was discovered by accident in 1959 and immediately offered interesting finds to archaeologists. The temple of the Kizilkoba man was found here. But everything that spoke about the sanctuary was stolen by tourists back in Soviet times. Now Yeni-Sala-2 can only boast of natural attractions, such as two halls and three stalagmites in the lower one, where the temple was found.

Cave Yeni-Sala-3 is located not far from Yeni-Sala-2. Unlike the latter, it is primarily interesting as a natural attraction. Underground rivers, siphons, wells, lakes of this young cave - all this will undoubtedly be of interest to speleologists. The lower part of the cave is constantly filled with water, the upper - from time to time.

Yeni-Sala-1, unlike its third sister, is dry, bright and accessible for visiting. Fragments of vessels belonging to the Kizilkoba culture were found in it. The lower layers tear off the history of the Neanderthals who lived here in prehistoric times (it will be important to add that archaeologists also met traces of the sites of an ancient man from the Neolithic along the Subotkhan River). The 113-meter cave has three entrances.

Cave Proval is located in the southern part of the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla between Chalbash Mountain and the Subotkhan River. The explored length is 1250 meters, the depth is 104 meters. It ends with a block blockage. Scientists believe that it has a connection with Kizil-Koba, like the well-ponor Averkiev, which is located north of the Red Cave and has a length of 405 meters.

Mound of Glory and other memorials on Dolgorukovskaya Yayla

It is impossible to ignore the Kurgan of Glory located in the northeast of the yayla, a memorial in the form of a white star in honor of the Crimean partisans, who continued the armed struggle against the German invaders for three years. Over the forests between the two yayls - Karabi and Dolgorukovskaya - the partisans kept constant control for more than two years and only retreated under the pressure of superior enemy forces, but did not give up. At the height of 886 meters, where the memorial now stands, at the turn of 1943 and 1944, the final bloody confrontation broke out, as a result of which the partisans were forced to go north beyond the Yaman-Tash ridge.

Another monument to the partisans stands on Mount Kol-Bair (818 meters) in the north of the plateau.

On the other side of the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla, near the Yalta-Simferopol highway, three kilometers south of the village of Perevalnoye, there is a memorial to partisans, called the Partisan Hat.

To the north-west of the Mound of Glory there is a monument in the form of an airplane model, marking the location of the Ivanenkovsky airfield, which in 1943-44 served to supply partisans with weapons and provisions from the air.

Just south of the Mound of Glory, you can find a monument to the Soviet soldier S. Kurseitov, who died in 1944 at the hands of local collaborators.

Descending from the Dolgorukovskaya yayla from the Mound of Glory to the north, do not pass by the partisan spring "Ladoshki", the water from which is collected in the bowl of the installation in the form of human palms. On a stone slab nearby is a bas-relief of a partisan in a hat.

Flora and fauna of the Dolgorukovskaya Yayla

In the upper reaches of the Burulcha River, on the slopes of Dolgorukovskaya Yayla, beech, hornbeam, Steven's maple, juniper grow, but the most unique can be considered the endemic wolfberry, which you will not find anywhere else in Crimea. Discovered in 1961, the wolfberry was immediately identified as an ancient endemic, the closest relatives of which grow 500-700 kilometers from the Crimea. It grows on yail and in the undergrowth as a shrub a little more than a meter high.

Crocuses, peonies, thyme, euonymus, adonis, larkspur, Bieberstein's sapling, rock violet - all rare and legally protected plants can be found on Dolgorukovskaya Yaila. Spring on the plateau is always charming.

The fauna is mainly represented by small animals and rodents: hare, marten, badger, weasel, squirrel, mouse, but you can meet roe deer, deer, wild boar. The kestrel, owl, buzzard, crook, swift, swallow, lark and other birds reign in the sky.

Routes of Dolgorukovskaya yayla and its environs

Tourist route No. 148 starts from the village of Tchaikovsky, which is east of Perevalny. It passes along the southern part of the plateau through the Voldar gully, past Mount Chalbash crowned with a triangular and the source of the Subotkhan River, and leads to Orta-Syrt-yaila, joining the 156th route.

From the same Tchaikovsky there is another route along the southern slopes of Dolgorukovskaya Yayla. Before the tourist camp "Malinovaya" it is called the 140th, from "Malinovaya" to the parking lot "Beech cordon" - the 142nd. Raspberry Parking is called because the path to it lies along the banks of Raspberry Creek. The parking lot is well equipped in a dense beech forest. Among the beeches there is a parking lot "Beech cordon", where there are gazebos, tables and water. A forester lives on the cordon, from whom you can get hold of firewood.

From the "Beech Cordon", the 145th route, partially passing through the plateau, will lead to the tourist camp "Partizanskaya Polyana" covered with a shady forest. The glade has had this name since the war, when partisan paths converged here. The tourist station is located at the confluence of the Burulcha and Partizanka rivers, so there is always water here.

Probably the most interesting route through Dolgorukovskaya Yayla is the 149th tourist route. It starts from the tourist camp "Kizil-Koba", and, turning a little, you can visit the famous cave, but still this road goes north, past Mount Bazar-Oba to the Mound of Glory. This route leads you practically only along the rocky plateau, more precisely its northern part.

A path can be drawn along the steep western part of the yayla, starting from the "Beech cordon" to Mount Kol-Bair, on which there is a monument to the partisans. This trail is interesting because in its vicinity, turning to the left, you can find three Yeni-Sala caves, and Kizil-Kob is within easy reach. Right next to the road, not far from the intersection of the trail of the 148th route, you can see the Proval cave.

A long and full of impressions route offers a trail from the tourist camp "Beech cordon" to Mount Kol-Bair. She proposes to go around first along the eastern edge, and then along the entire plateau along the northern edge. It is rather not a trail, but a network of trails and roads, choosing one or another of which you can modify your route without losing the general direction.

The climate of Dolgorukovskaya Yayla

Dolgorukovskaya yayla is one of the coldest yayla of the Crimea, only Karabi-yayla can argue with it. Unprotected from the north, it is influenced by a harsh steppe climate. In winter, snow often falls, and there are noticeable frosts. Winters here are longer, and summers are cooler and shorter than on other plateaus.

Summing up, we can say that, despite the relatively cold climate, Dolgorukovskaya Yayla boasts accessibility and the absence of difficult climbs. Tourists practicing multi-day trips can always visit Karabi-yaylu. The Kizil-Koba cave will be a significant trophy for any fan of outdoor activities.

Dolgorukovskaya Yayla is another plateau worth visiting in Crimea.

olegman37