Development of tourism in the Urals. Tourist potential of the Urals. Developed types of tourism. main centers. Tour programs and routes. On the Chinese path

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GOUVPO “PERM STATE UNIVERSITY”

geographical FACULTY

Department of Socio-Economic Geography

tourism market of the Ural region

5th year student

Part-time department

Gorbunova N.A.

Scientific director

PhD, Associate Professor

Balina T.A.

Perm 2009

Introduction

1. The current state of the tourist market in the region

2. Network of active tourism routes and protected natural areas

3. The main ways and prospects for the development of the regional tourism market in the Urals

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The Ural lands are traditionally not included in the list of special economic tourist and recreational zones. At first glance, this is quite fair: summer lasts a week, birch landscapes of the middle lane ... Here are just the old Ural mountains, rising like a ridge along the border of Europe and Asia, turbulent rivers along which rafters once lowered their barges, cities where the chronicle froze in architecture merchant and gold industry, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Chelyabinsk... Since we have so many things, it means that there will be a place for tourism.

This paper gives a brief description of the current state of tourism in the Urals, its main routes. Particular attention was paid to the ecological framework of the region - the system of its specially protected natural areas and nature-oriented tourism routes closely related to them. The problems and main directions of development of the tourist market of the Ural region are considered.

It is believed that the Urals is now experiencing a tourism boom: skiing is actively developing in the world, and the landscape features of the region, as well as a good sanatorium and resort base (this is typical for the Southern Urals), make it possible to receive financial profit from inbound tourism. There is an opinion that it is skiing that can become the "horse" of the Urals as a whole.

As for the historically and culturally significant objects of the Urals, they are mostly on municipal and state funding. There are a number of practical developments in the transfer of such objects for rent. An example is the organization of a walking route around the city of Tobolsk, when significant architectural objects were leased to entrepreneurs who ensured the "event" of the route.

For the Middle Urals, the most relevant topic is the interpenetration of cultures on the border of Europe and Asia. A mountainous region with long industrial traditions, the Stroganovs, Demidovs, the Ural Gold Rush - all these images form the basis of our region's positioning. There is another key episode in history with which the Urals are often associated - the already mentioned execution of the last tsar and his family. Of course, this is one of the most effective factors of educational tourism at the moment, but its negative context cannot but affect the image of the territory. But its consequences are gradually smoothed out, the political aspect becomes one of the elements of the richness of the cultural and historical heritage.

However, both representatives of the regional administration and tour operators often note that while the introduction of inbound tourism is a matter of enthusiasts, and the income from it often does not cover losses. The director of the Krasnov travel agency and the president of the Perm Tourist Guild, Mikhail Krasnov, notes that group inbound tourism is quite rare, and the main clients are people living outside the Urals, since most local lovers of such a holiday are members of the relevant tourist clubs and travel without the mediation of travel companies.

But development does not stop - work is also being done with tourist mountain, water and speleological routes, bases and parking lots are being equipped, infrastructure is improving. The main barrier for inbound tourism - both in the Perm Territory and in the Urals as a whole - is the lack of information support. And the cooperation of the territories to promote a single brand of the Greater Urals should help overcome this problem.

Separately, it is necessary to single out the sphere of active tourism, which is very poorly represented on the market and has great development potential.

2. Network of active tourism routes and protected natural areas

Currently, there are a large number of types of tourism, one way or another related to travel in nature. These are “environmental”, “green”, “nature-oriented”, “soft”, “environmentally and socially responsible”, “adventure”, “active”, etc. changed environment and route character.

Within the Urals for more than seventy years, a system of active tourist routes has developed.

In administrative terms, they pass within the Perm Territory, the Sverdlovsk Region, the Chelyabinsk Region and the Republic of Bashkortostan. These regions are united by their position within the Ural mountain country. Three of them, except for the Perm Territory, have long common borders. The Perm Territory borders on the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Sverdlovsk Region. The integrity of this territory is based on close industrial, transport, social and other types of ties. The closest tourist ties are found in the northeastern periphery of the Perm Territory and the northwestern Sverdlovsk Region, as well as the northeastern part of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the northwestern part of the Chelyabinsk Region. These territories have good tourist permeability of borders, which can be explained by the lack of transport links between administrative centers and their extreme periphery, as well as formally existing borders between regions. The only possible ways to overcome these insulators are either natural river highways or hiking trails.

The existing system of tourist routes and the system of specially protected natural areas (PAs) coincide spatially. This is especially evident in large protected areas, such as nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national and natural parks.

There are 8 state reserves in the Urals. Table 1 provides reference data.

Table 1 Reserves of the Urals

*Pribelsky branch of the Bashkir Reserve, since 1986 an independent reserve.

At first glance, it seems that these systems can be "divorced" territorially for the separate existence of each of them. In practice, this is not feasible for several reasons. One of them is that the tourist network in these territories was formed long before the status of protected areas was assigned to them. So, for example, routes passing through the territory of the Vishera State Reserve (Perm Territory) have been known since the thirties of the last century. It was then that they were first described in the tourist literature. The reserve was organized in 1991. Consequently, the tourist specialization of this territory had a longer period. Until now, the inertia to consider this area primarily as a tourist area has not been overcome. The All-Union tourist ski route passed through the territory of the Basegi reserve, organized in 1982. In the South Ural Reserve, routes to the ridge. Yamantau through the ridge. Nara, through Mt. Zigalga (on Mount B. Sholom) and others are described in guidebooks of the 30-40s. In the 20th century, although the reserve has existed continuously since 1958, tourist routes are systematically organized on its territory. This area is actively promoted by tourism organizers to the Russian and international tourist market.

It should be noted that this mountainous area, called Yamantau, is the most interesting for organizing routes. One of the leading factors in choosing a travel area for active tourists is the high point factor. Mount Yamantau (1640 m) is the highest point of the Southern Urals and the Republic of Bashkortostan. In addition to the city of Yamantau, there are ridges. Mashak (1373 m), Zigalga (Bolshoi Sholom, 1472 m), Nara (1328 m) and the Iremel mountain range (Kaban, 1582 m). In the Bashkir Reserve, there is a walking route on the ridge. South Kraka, part of the water route along the river. White.

Another reason for the close existence of the two networks is that the requirements they place on the natural environment are largely similar. The reserves were created according to the landscape-geographical principle in the least disturbed territories. Already in the initial period of their organization, more than once there were difficulties with the withdrawal of large territories for them. As a rule, they were isolated in poorly inhabited places. In the studied regions, all 8 existing reserves are located on the periphery within the Ural Range.

The network of tourist routes also tends to places that are poorly inhabited and the least economically developed. Such territories are located in the peripheral regions of territorial socio-economic systems. The network of active tourist routes tends to the borders of the regions under consideration and, especially, to the natural boundary of the Ural Mountains. Route propagation is discrete. According to the assessment, the organization of active tourist routes is possible on 20-30% of the territory of the studied regions.

In this situation, a clash of interests is inevitable. The output of routes to national and natural parks as special institutions is desirable, but at the present stage it is not feasible, since there are not enough of them in Russia. Within the studied regions of the Urals, there are 4 national and 6 natural parks. Brief information about them is presented in Table. 2.

Table 2 National and natural parks of the Urals

Almost all national parks are created in territories with an existing network of tourist routes. Consequently, as organizations created on the principles of partial self-sufficiency, they have an advantage in attracting tourists and sightseers over national and natural parks where the route network has not developed. In the national parks "Taganai", "Zyuratkul", "Bashkiria" and others, the main forces of the organizers should be directed not to the creation and promotion of new routes, but to the improvement of existing ones.

Based on the conducted comparative study, we conclude that the existing system of specially protected natural areas almost coincides with the system of tourist routes. Moreover, the routes operate not only in national parks, but also in nature reserves, although formally this type of activity is prohibited in them. Consequently, there is a contradiction between the nature conservation system and the tourism system.

Recognizing the importance of both the system of national and natural parks and environmental education (including educational tourism), a significant expansion of this form of protected areas can be recommended. It is necessary to reserve the territories along which the main tourist routes pass in order to secure them as priority tourist and recreational functions.

The public role of national parks at this stage is more significant in comparison with genuine nature reserves, despite all their high purpose. In any case, there should be more national parks in the country both in number and area. Theoretically, part of our reserves can be transformed into national parks without harming their nature. Perhaps this cardinal measure can be avoided by organizing tourist routes in the buffer zones of nature reserves. It is important not to cross the line when the routes, the purpose of which is environmental education and enlightenment, turn into ordinary mass ones, which leads to a violation of the ecological balance, i.e. the tourist flow should be strictly normalized and regulated. In addition, you can not deviate from the original goal of the created route for the sake of obtaining the greatest profit. Similar conclusions are made under the influence of practice. In all the considered reserves, tourist activities are already being organized, despite legislative prohibitions. All of them, one way or another, are involved in the process of economic use of the territory.

Studies of the inbound tourism market in the Urals allow us to draw the following conclusions:

High industrial development of the territory of the Ural region, its geographical position on the border of Europe and Asia, liberalization of foreign economic relations, developed transport infrastructure make the Middle Urals accessible to tourists from other regions of Russia and from abroad.

The number of representative offices of foreign states and international organizations is expanding. The Consulates General of the USA, Great Britain, the Czech Republic, three American centers, the Information Cultural Center "Japan" work in Yekaterinburg, since April 1998 consular days of the German embassy have been held.

In connection with the increase in the volume of foreign economic activity, the Ural Customs Board, created in the Sverdlovsk Region, is second only to Moscow and St. Petersburg in terms of volume. Modern means of communication are being actively introduced: facsimile, paging, cellular, telex, Internet.

However, the current level of development of the material base of the recreational and tourist complex (RTC) of the Ural region does not provide sufficient satisfaction of the needs of the population of the region in tourist services, nor the possibility of receiving foreign guests at the level of modern international service standards.

The material base of the region's RTK, represented by institutions of various types - sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, tourist camps, dispensaries - in 2001 amounted to 1.5% of the all-Russian network.

A specific feature of the RTK Ural as an old industrial region is that more than 90% of recreational facilities are concentrated around industrial centers. In the process of privatization of industrial enterprises, social infrastructure facilities gradually passed into non-state ownership or under the jurisdiction of municipal authorities, which do not have sufficient financial and human resources, as well as a general economic interest for the qualitative modernization of the transferred facilities, while the fixed assets of sanatorium-resort and tourist enterprises are characterized by a high degree of physical and moral deterioration.

A characteristic factor in the formation of demand for tourism services in the region was the steady differentiation of the population in the region in terms of income, which led, on the one hand, to a reduction in demand for intraregional tourist routes and accommodation facilities, on the other hand, to the emergence of interest in high-quality tourism services, an increase in demand for foreign trips.

The low competitiveness of the intra-regional tourism product is evidenced by the ratio of outbound and inbound tourism. 3% of the region's population (about 130,000 people) annually travel abroad for tourism and business purposes. The number of foreigners who used the tourist and excursion services of regional travel agencies varies between 1-2 thousand people. However, the total flow of foreign guests arriving in the region continues to increase: in 1998-2001 their number doubled, and this trend, according to tourism industry experts, will continue. The depreciation of the ruble as a result of the financial crisis of 1998 theoretically strengthens the export positions of Russian inbound tourism, especially medical, hunting and ecological tourism. The main difficulty lies in the acquisition of the tourist product brought to the international market with modern accommodation facilities.

In addition, out of more than 400 tourist companies in the region, only about 30 are actually engaged in the reception of foreign and Russian tourists and the production of recreational and tourist services. The rest, perform the functions of formation, promotion and implementation of the tourist product. Most often, these are small and medium-sized tourist enterprises engaged in organizing outbound tourism and acting as travel agents for the resale of ready-made tours of foreign or metropolitan tour operators with the addition of a transport component and a number of related services (insurance, visa, etc.)

Among the problems that also urgently need to be addressed in order to increase the competitiveness of the Ural region in the international tourism market, the following can be noted:

Lack of support from regional and municipal authorities for tourism enterprises providing domestic, inbound tourism services.

Lack of interest of domestic and foreign investors to invest in the recreation and tourism sector.

However, despite a number of negative factors affecting the development of tourism in the Urals, there is a huge potential for the development of this industry. According to statistics, the number of foreign citizens arriving only in the Sverdlovsk region, due to the liberalization of foreign economic relations and the growing interest of international business circles in the Ural region, increased almost 10 times in 1992-2001. Moreover, with purely tourist purposes, about 2 thousand people visit the region during the year.

According to the forecasts of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2005-2007, sustainable economic growth in inbound international tourism will be 15% per year in the Sverdlovsk region, and 5% per year in domestic tourism. Within five years, it is expected to double the tourist flow to the Urals and restore the indicators of the use of the tourist infrastructure network to the level of 1991.

Economists' forecasts are supported by the presence of a legislative framework (in the Sverdlovsk region, among the first in Russia, the "Law on tourism activities" was adopted) and are based on the presence of a variety of tourism resources. More than 350 monuments include the historical and cultural heritage of the Sverdlovsk region alone (monuments of Russian Orthodoxy in the ancient Ural cities and villages - Verkhoturye,

Lower Sinyachikha). Crafts and unique crafts for which the Urals are famous (Kasli iron casting, Nizhny Tagil lacquer trays, stone-cutting crafts in Kungur), wooden architecture (architectural monuments of various styles and eras adorn all major cities of the Urals: Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk ), cult monuments of Russian Orthodoxy, unique natural attractions, hydro-mineral resources (more than 300 rivers and lakes), in addition, eco-tourism (very popular recently; there are more than 700 natural monuments in the Ural region) - it is in this wealth that lies, first of all , the potential of the tourism industry.

The main Russian competitors of the Urals in the world tourist market are Moscow, St. Petersburg, the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia. There are several reasons for this: firstly, these tourist centers undoubtedly have a more developed tourist infrastructure, and secondly, information security is also much higher (for many years, the image of cities as attractive tourist centers for foreign citizens has been formed). In this regard, in order to increase the competitiveness of the region as a tourist center, in 1998 the Committee of the Sverdlovsk region for physical culture, sports and tourism developed the Target Program "Development of tourism in the region until 2010".

Among the tasks of developing the tourism industry and increasing competitiveness in the world market today:

1. Creation of a favorable image of the region in the Russian and international tourism markets. Good city marketing is needed. Today, any large western city cannot do without a special division - a marketing service that studies the city's market, calculates trends and develops development prospects.

2. Information support of regional tourism business

3. Real assistance of the authorities to tourism enterprises developing inbound and domestic tourism

4. Improving the quality of tourist services

5. Assistance in the training of qualified personnel in the field of tourism product production.

In the near future, the Ural region will show itself as a separate brand in the global tourism market. Experts assess the potential of the Southern, Middle and Northern Urals in the field of domestic (regional) tourism as very strong, but at present business tourism accounts for 60% of the tourist market structure. Such areas as cultural, entertainment, ecological tourism are still undeservedly left without due attention. The government of the Sverdlovsk region, as well as federal legislators, have already thought about a strategy for promoting the Ural tourism product abroad, but they believe that it will be easiest to represent the Urals as a single brand. A similar project has already been presented at the international tourism exhibition in London under the slogan "Ural mountains of hospitality" ("Ural mountains of hospitality") and found a response from foreign players in the tourism market.

The prospects of the Ural region in the world market and the future of inbound tourism were discussed on May 24 by regional and federal experts at the interregional conference "Tourist Forum of the Greater Urals". It was held under the patronage of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, the Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region. Representatives of neighboring regions - Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions, Perm Territory, the republics of Bashkortostan, Komi and Tatarstan, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs - came to Yekaterinburg to discuss topical issues.

In the Middle Urals there is something to show to tourists from abroad, and from Russia itself. Transport hubs connecting Europe and Asia are concentrated here, business and financial flows pass through the largest cities of the Urals.

The tourism industry is not yet developing at full strength, it needs legislative support. The opportunities for the development of nature-oriented, active and sports tourism are extremely insufficiently used.

In Soviet times, the Urals firmly gained fame as an industrial region, the territory of factories and mining. "The supporting edge of the state" is, of course, an honor, but who will go to verify this personally?

However, they are going. According to the results of 2007, the indicators of inbound tourism to the Urals increased by 7%. This is good, but growth in Russia on average, according to the Federal Agency for Tourism, was 15%. Such relatively low rates are due to insufficient information support: the Urals tourism is known only to the Urals, and many potentially attractive resources are not used to their full potential.

Each individual Ural region has no chance to promote itself either within Russia or within the global tourism market, only a single Ural brand is able to promote the Ural tourist destination.

Indeed, it is difficult to force a person to come just for the sake of rafting on the Chusovaya or a mountain tourist route - it is necessary to form an overall image of the Urals, which provides a wide range of sports, extreme, cultural and educational tourism.

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2. Socio-economic potential of the region: problems of assessment, use and management. / Ed. chief-corr. RAS A.I. Tatarkin. Yekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1997 - 380 p.

3. Tourism as an activity. Uch. Manual edited by V. Kvartalnov \\ M., Finance and statistics, 2006

4. Ural at the turn of the century: problems and forecasts of socio-economic development. / Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, editorial board: RAS A.I. Tatarkin (responsible editor) and others; under general ed. A.I. Tatarkin. Moscow: Economics. 1999 - 463s.

5. www.Nedoma.ru

The Ural region is the easternmost region of the Center of Russia. It occupies the mountains of the Urals, Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals. Administratively, it includes the Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk regions, Bashkiria and the eastern part of Udmurtia. Characterization of the recreational and tourist potential of the region involves the allocation of features of the assessment of socio-economic parameters, and recreational and tourist resources of the Ural region: The region is politically stable, it is in the leading political positions in the Russian Federation in terms of initiative and legislative activity. The Ural region is rich in unique natural monuments and sights. The Urals is located between the European part of the country, Siberia and Central Asia, with which it is connected by a developed transport network. The region has a relatively high level of market infrastructure development. The Urals has a historically high intellectual, scientific, technical and cultural potential. The conditions for development are determined by the mountains and the existing transport links in the region. The recreational potential of the region is significant: the rivers - Kama, Belaya, Tura, Iset; tributaries - Chusovaya, Mias; lakes - Uvildy, Shartash.

The main tourist centers of the region are Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk.

Climate - The climate of the region is continental. The level of light solar radiation varies from insufficient in the north (1650 hours) to moderate (1800 hours). In the north, the level of ultraviolet radiation in winter is insufficient, in the rest of the territory it is optimal. The frost-free period lasts from 95 to 140 days. Summer is warm. The average July temperature is +18°C. Winter is moderately cold. The average January temperature is -15° C. In the north, the snow cover lasts 150-190 days, and in the south about 110 days. Its height reaches 40-60 cm. The most favorable period for tourism and recreation begins at the end of May and ends in September. It can sometimes be overshadowed by cold rains in the north in the mountains and excessive heat and drought in the south. The winter season is favorable for skiing and skiing.

Ancient mountains, "gray Ural" - the most striking natural feature of the region. They create a unique image of the Urals, make it attractive for numerous tourists and vacationers. In terms of landscape, the area can be divided into several parts. The Ural Range consists of the mid-altitude Northern Urals (1569 m above sea level), the low-mountain Middle Urals (up to 700 m above sea level), the mid-mountain Southern Urals (1640 m above sea level). The foothill plains from the west are bordered by the Upper Kama (300-330 m above sea level) and Bugulma-Belebeevskaya (380-420 m above sea level) uplands. The dissected relief creates conditions for the development of various types of active tourism. Many of the highest peaks of the Northern and Southern Urals - Isherim (1331 m), Denezhkin Kamen (1492 m), Konzhakovsky Kamen (1569 m), Bolshoy Iremmel (1582 m), Yamantau (1640 m) - are rocky and treeless. They are popular with climbers and climbers.

The territory of the district is watered by a large number of rivers. The largest of which are: Kama, Belaya, Ural, Tura, Iset, as well as their tributaries: Chusovaya, Yuryuzan, Inzer, Ai, Miass). There are many lakes in the foothills: Uvildy, Argazi, Irtyash, Shartash, Kalkak. Among the water bodies, an important role belongs to the Kama reservoir.

The swimming season in the north of the Ural region is quite short - only about one month, while in the south it reaches three. The hydro-mineral resources of the Ural region are quite diverse. Along with sulfate drinking waters and chloride sodium bromine brines, carbonic ferruginous, hydrogen sulfide, bromine, iodine-bromine and radon waters are common here. In Bashkiria, there is a unique natural resort "Yangantau", where the main healing factor is natural hot vapors and dry hot gases coming to the surface from the cracks of Mount Yangantau. Sodium chloride brines (salt waters) with a mineralization of 35 to 150 g/l have been discovered in various regions of the Volga region at depths of 400 to 1500 m; they are used in the Udmurt sanatoriums Varzi-Yatchi and Metallurg.

The resort "Uvildy" is located in the Argayashsky district of the Chelyabinsk region. Natural healing factors: the unique mild climate of the southeastern shore of Lake Uvildy with high natural ionization and saturation with phytoncides, highly active natural radon waters from a natural source (the most effective in Russia); natural sapropelic mud of Sabanai lake. Profile of the sanatorium: diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, musculoskeletal system, gynecological and urological diseases.

Sanatorium Obukhovsky, Kuri, flower-mud of Moltaeva Lake,

Resources of therapeutic mud in the area are represented by peat and sapropelic mud. There are small lake-key deposits of silt sulphide mud. Peat mud is found in the forest zone in Udmurtia - the Varzi-Yachi resort.

The Sverdlovsk region is a combination of a developed economy and infrastructure with a variety of natural resources: picturesque mountains, forest lands, healing lakes. Yekaterinburg is the center of business tourism, business, congress and exhibition, corporate tourism. Many excursion programs (survey and thematic), museums. There are many caves on the territory of the region, and therefore speleotourism is developed here. Ski resorts are popular on the Uktus Mountains, in the vicinity of Revda, Mikhailovsk, Pervouralsk, Nizhny Tagil, Sredneuralsk and others. 2Kholzan (Sysert district): aviary complex for the rehabilitation and monitoring of birds of prey. 3Koptelovo - not far from Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha. The village is famous for its Museum of the history of agriculture and the life of peasants. 4Nevyansk - Meadowsweet: The family nest of the Demidovs, the famous dynasty of industrialists and metallurgists (located more than 80 km from Yekaterinburg). The symbol of the city is the Nevyansk Leaning Tower. 5Deer Brooks: The excursion route passes through a forest area, which has the status of a natural monument of regional significance with an amazing variety of flora and fauna. 6Kungur Cave is a unique natural monument, the age of the cave is about 10-12 thousand years. 7Ganina Yama: Ganina Yama is a tract 17 km from Yekaterinburg, an abandoned copper mine. In the summer of 1918, the remains of the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II Romanov were secretly destroyed in one of its mines. A monastery was erected here in the name of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers. 8Verkhoturye is the spiritual center of the Urals. Lots of Orthodox churches. 9Alapaevsk - N. Sinyachikha Alapaevsk is the birthplace of the great composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. House-museum of the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. Nizhnesinyachikhinsky museum-reserve of wooden architecture and folk art right under the open sky. 10Irbit Museum of Fine Arts (graphics and engraving), historical and ethnographic museum, museum of motorcycles. Ostrich farm "Irbit ostrich".

Types of tourism: Ecotourism (Deer Streams, Bazhovsky Natural Park, Arakul Lake - Shikhan rocks, Chusovaya River Nature Park, etc.), skiing, speleotourism, business, educational.

Perm region - located in the Western Urals in the upper reaches of the Kama River. Not far from Perm, on the high bank of the Kama, there is the only one in the Urals architectural and ethnographic museum-reserve "Khokhlovka" covering an area of ​​42 hectares. Unique wooden buildings of the 17th-19th centuries were transported here from the north of the region. Every summer, folklore festivals are held on the territory of the open-air museum, which attract groups from many regions of Russia. Kungur Ice Cave - a unique monument of nature of all-Russian significance. City Solikamsk is one of the oldest cities in the Urals. There is a unique salt museum here. The cities of Osa (museum, monuments of architecture), Cherdyn (a collection of copper-bronze plastics (Perm animal style), architectural buildings of the 17th-18th centuries, Usolye (monuments of architecture) are rich in sights. Chusovaya river associated with many historical events, with famous figures in the history of Russia (Ermak, Stroganovs, Demidovs, Emelyan Pugachev) Stone Town (Devil's Settlement)– Bizarre rock outcrops form a network of corridors and tiers on a hill in the middle of the forest. Usva Pillars and Shumikhinsky Rocks"Usva pillars" - pillar-shaped light gray remnants rise steeply 150 m above the Usva level, on the right bank, rise with multifaceted stone bell towers. Their peaks are almost impregnable. The pillars are often visited by tourists, both during their travels in Usva and on their own. A good path leads to the top of the stone. An amazing view of the valley of the Usva River opens from the top platform. One of the sights here is the Usvinsky (Devil's) finger, this is a detached rock-outlier of impressive size. Several difficult climbing and climbing routes have been laid along it, which are accessible only with special equipment and training.

Ski tourism - Mount Gubakha. Cruises on the Kama.

Healing natural resources are diverse: Ust-Kachka resort.

Chelyabinsk region National parks: Zyuratkul - Lake Zyuratkul is the main decoration of the park, it also has all the opportunities for sports tourism - fishing and outdoor activities. Ecological trail, ascent to the Zyuratkul ridge. Very beautiful Kitova Pier (designed as a theme park) Ilmensky Reserve- more than 260 minerals were found here, 11 of which were discovered for the first time in the world, and among plants there are species that are found only here. More than 30 lakes, one of the famous ones is Lake Turgoyak. Specialized natural-landscape and historical-archaeological center "Arkaim". Arkaim has already become a kind of spiritual center, our Russian Mecca. A lot of deep human secrets are connected with the phenomenon of Arkaim. Today, only one thing can be said with all certainty that Arkaim and the “Country of Cities” are one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. Chrysostom the city is rich in historical and architectural monuments, temples and museums, a dam and an old factory, German streets.

Ski tourism - ski center "Adzhigardak", "Zavyalikha", Egoza, Solar Valley. Rest on the lakes and fishing - Uvildy, Turgoyak, Itkul, Zyuratkul, Arakul, Kisegach, Sungul.

Bashkortostan - The nature of Bashkiria has endowed Bashkiria with a peculiar and rare beauty: there are majestic mountains covered with coniferous and deciduous forests. Mountain rivers with picturesque waterfalls, numerous lakes and caves (about 300 karst caves), as well as a significant number of sunny days, moderate climate, a variety of flora and fauna. Healing mountain air, the aroma of herbs, Bashkir honey, koumiss, the purity of turbulent rivers will bring a lot of health to travelers. A wide range of active tours to the most beautiful places in Bashkiria: horse riding tours, catamaran rafting on the Belaya and Zilim rivers, hiking tours, bus routes. Sanatoriums, resorts and recreational tourism. In Bashkiria, there is a unique Yangan-Tau resort, where natural healing factors are natural hot vapors and dry gases. The ski resort "Abzakovo", the ski center "Metallurg-Magnitogorsk" are popular.

Business tourism - 90% foreigners. Industrial tourism. River cruises "Perm - Kazan - Ulyanovsk" - Mikhail Kutuzov, "Perm - Tchaikovsky - Elabuga - Kazan - Nizhny Novgorod - Gorodets - Kostroma - Yaroslavl - Myshkin - Uglich - Moscow" - Fedor Panferov. The quality of service does not depend on demand.

Conclusion: It is not easy to make the capital of the Urals a tourist Mecca, because for a long time it was closed to foreigners. And the Ural brand is an opportunity to promote the Ural tourism product. In general, the potential is great, but there are problems in receiving tourists in Yekaterinburg:

1. accommodation, lack of hotels tour. class; price discrepancy; no discounts in hotels; 2. lack of a car park (old buses) 3. poor service on out-of-town excursions - there are no toilets on the highway. 4. opinion about Russia, that we are robbed, shot in the streets, and bears walk around ....6. no maps, signs in English. (d / foreigners) 7. lack of staff - guides with the language, qualified guides, almost all at the amateur level.

Similar information.

Khvorostova Ya.G. (Ozersk, Chelyabinsk region, MBOU "Secondary School No. 21")

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The Chelyabinsk region - the stronghold of the state, a nuclear shield and a military arsenal - for many years was a white spot on the tourist maps of Russia and the world.

Today, the tourist resources of the region are open to numerous travel enthusiasts. There are more than two hundred specially protected territories in the region, 450 monuments of archeology, history and culture, urban planning and architecture are under state protection. Lists of objects of cultural, historical, scientific and artistic value are constantly updated.

The relevance of the topic lies in the assessment of the recreational economy of the region in order to develop tourism and stimulate the influx of tourists to the Chelyabinsk region from other regions of Russia and foreign countries.

The purpose of the study: to analyze the development of the tourism industry in the Chelyabinsk region, taking into account the assessment of the recreational resources of the native land.

The achievement of this goal is facilitated by the implementation of particular tasks:

1. Assess the recreational resources of the Chelyabinsk region.

2. Analyze the offers of travel companies in the city of Ozersk and identify the main directions of domestic tourism.

3. Consider the services of the nearest sports and tourist complex "Province" and assess the importance of the complex for the recreation of lake residents.

4. Develop the Ural-Europe-Asia project.

5. To reveal the problems and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in the Chelyabinsk region.

Thus, the subject of the study is the ways of realizing the tourism potential of the Chelyabinsk region.

The object of this study is the recreational and tourist resources of the Chelyabinsk region.

Research methods:

1. Working with bibliographic sources of information, statistical data.

2. Questioning, interviewing.

3. Analysis and synthesis of the collected material.

The novelty of our work lies in the fact that we analyzed the recreational and tourist resources of the Chelyabinsk region; characterized the priority areas of recreation for city residents, developed the Ural-Europe-Asia project.

The practical significance of the work. The results and materials of the study can be used for further scientific research on the problems of tourism in the Chelyabinsk region, as well as in geography lessons and in extracurricular activities in local history.

Scope and structure of work. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, including a theoretical and practical part, a conclusion, a bibliographic list. The volume of work is 8 pages.

What are recreational resources?

Recreation is the restoration of the physical and spiritual forces of a person spent in the process of labor activity, increasing his health and working capacity.

Recreational resources are natural and anthropogenic objects that have such properties as uniqueness, historical or artistic value, aesthetic appeal, health significance.

All recreational resources can be divided into two subtypes:

1) natural and recreational resources;

2) anthropogenic and recreational resources.

The natural and recreational resources include favorable climatic conditions, constancy of the weather, the duration of the frost-free period; a variety of landscapes, the presence of sanatoriums, rest houses, campsites, ski resorts, etc.

Recreational resources of anthropogenic origin are also called cultural and historical. They are usually divided into monuments of history, archeology, architecture, art. Particularly important objects of universal significance are objects of the world natural and cultural heritage of mankind.

Recreational resources are the most important part in the development of modern tourism.

Recreational tourism is the movement of people in their free time for the purpose of rest, necessary to restore the physical and mental strength of a person. Recreational tourism can be divided into several types:

Tourist and recreational type;

Cognitive-tourist type.

Each type requires its own type of recreational resources.

Assessment of recreational resources of the Chelyabinsk region

Based on the definition of recreational resources, we evaluated the resources of the Chelyabinsk region according to the following criteria: orographic, hydrological, bioclimatic.

The relief of the Southern Urals is very diverse (from lowlands to mountain ranges). Consider the main features of these landforms.

The West Siberian lowland is bounded from the west by a horizontal line (mark 190 m above sea level). The lowland is dissected by wide river valleys. The Trans-Ural peneplain occupies the central part of the region and extends as a strip along the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains from 50 km in the north to 150 km in the south. Mountains occupy the northwestern part of the region. The profile of the mountainous part is asymmetric: a steep eastern slope, which is only 17 km wide to the Uraltau watershed ridge, and a relatively gentle western slope, up to 175 km wide (area of ​​the city of Ashi). The high-mountainous part begins with the Yurma ridge, to the south of which the Ural Mountains rise. The ridges diverge to the south. The main ones are covered with stone placers, their peaks are treeless and decorated with bizarre rocks. The western slopes of the mountainous part of the region are often composed of fractured carbonate rocks. Here and on the territories adjacent to the rivers, karst landforms are found everywhere - funnels, gorges, logs and caves. As of January 1, 2015, speleologists have recorded more than 450 caves in the region. Almost all unique caves are located in the western and northwestern parts of the region, 26 unique caves and karst forms, unique in various ways, have been declared natural monuments.

Conclusion: thus, the diversity of the region's relief determines the development of the following types of tourism.

1. The mountainous northwest serves as the basis for sports and educational tourism.

2. Trans-Ural peneplain presents opportunities for health tourism.

The main hiking, skiing and water tourist routes are laid here.

In addition, this area is experiencing the greatest recreational load due to the development of sanatorium treatment in this area.

The climate of the Chelyabinsk region is continental. Winters are cold and long (average temperature from -17 to -19 C) in severe winters, the absolute minimum air temperature is -46, -48 C. Summer is relatively hot (from +17 to +19 C) with recurring droughts. The continentality of the climate increases from the northwest to the southeast. The greatest amount of atmospheric precipitation falls on the windward slopes and peaks of the highest mountains (700-800 mm). The eastern slopes of the mountains receive 500-600 mm of precipitation. In the flat Trans-Urals, annual precipitation decreases from north to south from 500 to 300 mm. In the warm half of the year, 75-78% of the annual precipitation falls. The snow cover is thicker (44-48 cm) and longer (165-170 days) in the mountain forest zone. The lowest indicator is characterized by snow cover in the steppe zone (24-30 cm, duration 153-155 days).

Conclusion: when assessing the climate, we revealed the degree of its favorable impact on human health: the territory of the region as a whole is provided with normal conditions for people to live, the development of spa treatment and sports and recreational tourism.

Water resources

Rivers. Numerous rivers are formed on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region, belonging to the Kama, Tobol and Ural basins. The total number of rivers within the region exceeds 3.5 thousand. The smallest rivers, which do not reach 10 km, make up 90.3%. There are 348 rivers with a length of more than 10 km. 17 rivers have a length of more than 100 km. And only 7 rivers (Miass, Uy, Ural, Ai, Ufa, Uvelka, Gumbeika) have a length of more than 200 km (within the region).

Lakes. On the territory of the Chelyabinsk region there are more than 3 thousand lakes. The eastern foothills are distinguished by the largest lake content (10-14%). The lakes stretched almost in a continuous strip from the Sinar group in the north to the Chebarkul group in the south. The largest lakes of the region are distributed here: Uvildy, Irtyash, Turgoyak, B. Kisegach, Kasli lakes.

The groundwater. On the territory of the region, 69 deposits and areas of groundwater have been explored, including 6 deposits of mineral waters.

Swamps. The total area of ​​swamps exceeds 2,500 km2. The percentage of waterlogging averages 2.8%. In mountainous and foothill areas, swampiness is about 10%. Marshes of forest-steppe regions make up to 12-15%. There are few swamps in the southern regions and on the western foothills.

Conclusion: despite the fact that there are a large number of rivers and lakes in the region, a significant part of the territory is extremely poorly supplied with water (southern and southeastern regions). The territories of the mountain-forest zone are most provided with water, therefore adventure tourism (rafting on mountain rivers) is especially developed in this area. The mountainous regions are also rich in spring outlets. The lakes of the Chelyabinsk region are rich in balneological resources. In terms of the variety of therapeutic mud, the Trans-Urals occupies one of the first places in our country. On the lakes and swamps of the region, another type of recreational activity is developed - fishing.

plant resources

Due to the fact that the Chelyabinsk region is located in three natural zones: mountain-forest, forest-steppe and steppe, its vegetation cover is very diverse. Within its limits, you can find a variety of types of landscape (from tundra to steppes). The vegetation of the Chelyabinsk region is no less rich in species composition (almost 1500 species). The Ural Mountains, being an important climatic frontier, cause significant differences in the nature of the vegetation of the European and Asian slopes.

Conclusion: the most valuable plant resource of the region is the forest. The forest fund in the region is 2.5 million hectares. The average forest cover in the region is low, only 28%. The distribution of forests within the region is extremely uneven. The highest forest cover in mountainous areas is 71%. In the forest-steppe zone, the forest cover is 21%, and the steppe zone is only 5.6%. Forests are widely used as places of recreation, they are rich in wild-growing useful plants: walnut, berry, spicy-flavoring, lettuce. There are many types of honey plants (linden, maple, wild rose). Thus, plant resources are conducive to the development of sanatorium treatment, commercial gathering.

Animal resources

The fauna of three natural zones is represented on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region: the fauna of mountain taiga, broad-leaved and mixed forests, steppes and valleys of large rivers.

In total, more than 60 species of mammals and about 300 species of birds inhabit the expanses of the region. The commercial fauna of the Chelyabinsk region consists of 33 species of mammals and 70 species of birds. Reptiles and amphibians are represented in the region by almost 20 species. Fast mountain and calm steppe rivers, deep, with ice water and silty shallow lakes serve as a habitat for 60 species of fish.

Conclusion: the composition and distribution of animals is directly dependent on habitat conditions, which are very diverse within the Chelyabinsk region. An indispensable condition for the distribution of a number of animals is the presence of water spaces. One of the reasons for the change in the number of individual species is the variability of the food supply, and the other is the unfavorable ecological situation and powerful anthropogenic impact. The development of fishing tourism is connected with the animal world.

Thus, our region has a rich and diverse recreational potential that favors the development of domestic tourism.

The main directions of tourism in the Chelyabinsk region

How is this potential realized today? To answer this question, we analyzed the offers of 5 travel companies in the city of Ozersk and interviewed tour operators, identified the main directions of domestic tourism and demand among the city's residents.

1. Wellness (70%). This is primarily sanatorium-and-spa treatment (there are 12 health resorts in the region, including 5 sanatoriums). The most famous of them are: Dalnaya dacha, Kisegach, Uvildy. Houses and recreation centers on the lakes are rich in balneological resources.

2. Sports (53%). This is, first of all, tourism at ski centers, of which there are 17 in our region. The most famous of them are: Zavyalikha, Adzhigardak, Sunny Valley, and the closest to us is Egoza. Another type of sports and educational tourism is speleological. There are more than 450 caves in the region. The most famous are: Sikiyaz-Tamaksky cave complex, Ignatievskaya cave, Sugomakskaya cave (Kyshtym), Kurgazakskaya karst cave.

3. Adventure (40%). Travel companies offer horse riding, cycling routes in the mountainous northwestern part of our region, rafting on the rivers Yuryuzan, Ai, Sim, Ural.

4. Cultural and educational (64%) Tours in the cities of the region Chelyabinsk, Miass, Zlatoust, Kyshtym, Kasli and others. As well as a visit to the archaeological complex "country of cities", which includes 20 monuments from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The most famous of which are Arkaim and the Sintashta settlement.

5. Ecological (33%). Environmental problems are acute in the region, therefore, a similar direction is associated with visiting the Taganay and Zyuratkul national parks.

6. Commercial (3%). Huge opportunities in the region for hunters and fishermen, the area of ​​hunting grounds alone is 5600 hectares. There are 44 reserves on the territory of the region. Hunting and fishing bases can accommodate 1737 people at the same time.

Thus, the offers of travel companies cover all areas of domestic tourism in our region. The main demand from consumers of services is aimed at health tourism, cultural, educational and sports.

Sports and tourist complex "Province"

At the next stage of work, we decided to find out the priority areas of domestic tourism for students of our school. We conducted a sociological survey among students in grades 5-11 of 21 schools (157 respondents) (Appendix 1).

Of these, 95% prefer to rest in the Chelyabinsk region.

Place of rest - Kasli district, Kyshtym district - 81%, Argayash district, Chelyabinsk district - 12%, others - 7%.

Season: summer - 100%; autumn - 35%; winter - 55%; spring - 15%.

The priority directions of recreation are: health-improving - 85%, sports - 35%, fishing - 21%.

98% of respondents answered that their favorite vacation spot is the sports and tourist complex "Province", the main form of visiting is group - with a class of 64%, and individual - with parents - 36%. The second direction is the ski center "Egoza" - 34%, an individual form of visiting - with parents - 100%.

Indeed, the closest to us and the most beloved by the Lakers is the sports and tourist complex "Province", located in the village of Slyudorudnik, Chelyabinsk Region (Kyshtymsky urban district).

A beautiful landscape, a wonderful combination - mountains, a lake, untouched nature, silence and clean air surround it from all sides. The sports and tourist center "Province" is a hotel complex, a sports core and a unique park for outdoor activities: extreme park; laser tag arena; tourist routes through the quarries and adits of Mount Slyudyanaya, excursion routes with the most beautiful views of the Ural Switzerland; an adventure game based on orienteering - "Labyrinth"; bike rental; stable "Zabava" (riding lessons, horse rental, sleigh rides); quad bike rental. In winter, there are tubing, training ski slopes, a snow park and a warm cozy buffet, ski slopes that are suitable for both beginners and professional skiers.

The heart of the "Province" is the sports core, which includes all the necessary infrastructure and provides a sports calendar that is unique for a private sports center.

The sports stadium of the center is designed with the possibility of holding starts in cyclic sports of different levels: orienteering, mountain biking, mushing, skiing, athletics, triathlon, motocross.

The infrastructure of the sports center includes a stadium with ski lodges, start and finish areas, judges' buildings, bridges, an awards stage, and warm sports houses. There is also a bathhouse and a cafeteria.

To date, the center hosts about thirty traditional competitions (spartakiads, championships, cup stages), among which more than ten are official competitions of the calendar of Russia and the region.

It is in the "Province" that the final competitions of the Cup of Russia in sledding sports, mountain biking, ski orienteering, the most famous Ural starts - the ski marathon "At the Crossroads", "Mayskaya Polyana" (sports orienteering), Blagikh Racing Cup (mountain biking ), "The Way to the Spring" (athletics).

The level and geography of participants in the Mica Mine competitions are impressive: both outdoor enthusiasts from nearby towns and athletes from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tyumen, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, Ufa and other cities come here. Among the guests of the center are such stars as, for example, the Danish ultra-marathon runner Jesper Olsen or the only representative of Russia (mountain bike) at the Olympic Games in London Evgeny Pechenin. Athletes of various sports gather at the base all year round.

Thus, before our eyes, for some 6 years, in the village of Slyudorudnik, the formation of the sports and tourist center "Province" took place, which continues to develop dynamically and attract a large number of tourists.

Horse yard "Zabava" - communication with animals without barriers

One of the areas of work of the complex is a horse yard.

The horse yard is a fundamentally different form of communication with animals. They do not just sit in pens, but visitors look at them from afar. The so-called contact zoo makes it possible to make direct contact, not only to observe, but also to touch, stroke, feed. This is direct communication - without cages, aviaries and borders. And any child can see for himself what kind of hair a horse has, how he regales himself with apples, carrots, etc., he can ride a horse, take care of an animal.

I personally have been taking care of the animals of the horse yard for 6 years with my parents. Horses are my passion and my love. My horse's name is Ugar, he is 4 years old.

The horse is an amazing animal. It is the same devoted friend for a person as a dog. Since ancient times, people have noticed that interaction and communication with a horse has a positive effect on a person.

Everything in horses fascinates me - beauty, grace, strength, speed, charm, and most importantly - nobility and devotion. Horses do not tolerate falsehood - surprisingly, they feel a person and his attitude towards them at a distance.

Man has always been drawn to this unusually noble animal. After all, communication with him, even a short ride on horseback, gives a lot of positive energy, a charge of vivacity and a good mood. An adult understands this both with his heart and mind, and the child is drawn to him intuitively.

In total, 10 horses live in the horse yard. Each of them has its own "room" - a stall. Outside, two bags of oats hang on the door of the stall - this is the owner's lunch and dinner. In the wide passage between the stalls, you can see a box with oats, saddles, blankets, harness, special brushes, etc.

This amazing herbivore can eat from 25 to 100 kg of grass and drink 30-60 liters of water per day on a pasture in summer!

Horses differ from each other not only in breed and height, but also in color and markings ... It's funny, but it turned out that the name of the horse's color does not always match the color that we see.

And among horses, as well as among people, there are phlegmatic, melancholic, sanguine and choleric people.

If for a person a temperature of 37.5 to 38.5 ° C is elevated and most likely indicates a viral infection, then for a horse this is absolutely normal. And we breathe differently: at rest, the horse breathes about 8-16 times per minute. But during a fast jump, the frequency of her breathing increases by 5-7 times. And the pulse or heart rate during a frisky jump from 30-40 beats per minute increases to 120-130. Another curious fact is that there are 212 bones in the horse's skeleton. Moreover, it lacks the bones of the clavicle, which allows the animal to make a large seizure of space with the forelimbs.

The horses have funny names: Ugar, Treasury, Stapler, Lexus, Mercedes. Thoroughbred horses, like dogs, are given a name by combining the first letters in the names of their parents: mom and dad.

Horses are very fond of carrots, apples and refined sugar, but this is a dessert. Their main food is still oats. But in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and especially in the East, horses eat mostly barley.

I ride children and adults on horseback. And no one was scared! It is very unusual to feel how the ground under you is shaking and the center of gravity is constantly changing ... But it's so great!

Our long-term development plan includes creating contact zones with other animals (rabbits, goats, piglets, etc.) and expanding the boundaries of the tactile zoo. Indeed, today such zoos are a special kind of animal therapy (from Latin animal - animal) - a type of therapy that uses animals and their images to provide psychotherapeutic assistance. Treatment with animals was known even to the caveman. In the 21st century scientists began to revive the forgotten recipes of our ancestors. The importance of animals to human well-being is becoming increasingly clear. The lack of healthy relationships with others in a large number of people leads to an increasing number of depressions, stressful conditions, loneliness and various diseases. We want to help our citizens to be healthy and kind and sensitive!

Project "Ural - Europe - Asia"

In January 2016, our region with the project "Golden Cluster of the Southern Urals" was among the top five tourist projects in Russia and becomes a participant in the federal target program (FTP) "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation for 2011-2018".

The project of the tourist cluster "Golden Belt of the Ural Mountains" includes eight municipalities of the Chelyabinsk region, including objects in the territory of Miass, Zlatoust, Trekhgorny, Kyshtym, Satkinsky, Katav-Ivanovsky, Kusinsky districts. The tourism cluster combines both existing facilities, such as the Zyuratkul and Taganay national parks, the Solnechnaya Dolina ski resort, the Golden Beach club hotel, the Thresholds monument of history and culture, as well as unrealized projects. In the Southern Urals, it is planned to develop four main areas of tourism: health, sports, cultural and educational and environmental. The total cost of the project is about 22 billion rubles.

The cluster approach is adopted in the Russian Federation as the main one for the development of territories. The cluster includes already existing tourist resources and routes. The essence of the cluster system is that it offers tourists a variety of services. People are all diverse, and it becomes boring to do one thing all day long. For example, a person, having come to spend a vacation in the Southern Urals, first decided to go skiing in the "Solnechnaya Valley", then he wanted to join the cultural and historical life of the Southern Urals - visit the museum of gunsmiths in Zlatoust, or see the oldest hydroelectric power station in Russia - " Porozhskaya HPP, the service life of which has already exceeded one hundred years. Diverse tourist routes will be subdivided by subject and, at the same time, complement each other.

Having studied the cluster in detail, we found that it also includes the Provincia STC as an already formed complex. And we want to supplement the cluster with our project - "Ural-Europe-Asia". To do this, we have chosen a unique feature of the geographical location of the region, namely the planetary border between the parts of the world - Europe and Asia.

It is to this boundary that we want to draw attention. In our region, this conditional border is immortalized by the obelisk "Europe-Asia", erected back in 1892, on the initiative and project of the famous engineer and writer Nikolai Grigoryevich Garin-Mikhailovsky. This obelisk is located on the railway track, 6 km from the city of Zlatoust. And there is also a stele on the highway M5 Chelyabinsk - Ufa, 8 km south of Zlatoust, a stainless steel stele was erected in 1987 (author - S. Pobeguts). The closest to Ozersk sign of the border of the parts of the world passes near the village of Bolshie Egusty (the route "Kyshtym-Mica-B. Egusty"). The stone stele is installed on the pass right above the spring, and to put it mildly, it has an unsightly appearance.

We believe that these architectural structures are outdated and do not carry significant planetary significance. For example, in the summer of 2007, in the neighboring Sverdlovsk region, a new obelisk "Europe-Asia" (not far from Yekaterinburg) was solemnly opened, which attracts a lot of tourists. Why not create something grandiose in our region, taking into account the already won development program? We believe that this requires:

First, assess the potential of the area and determine the components necessary for the development of tourism. Secondly, to propose specific measures to attract investment.

So, based on these two points, we propose to create a leisure complex "Ural-Europe-Asia" 15 km. from the city of Zlatoust, where the federal highway Chelyabinsk-Moscow (M5 "Ural") passes, along which there was, is and will be non-stop traffic from west to east and from east to west (from 16-21 thousand . cars). Here it is necessary to put signs (including in English) indicating the latitude and longitude of the conditional border, as well as distances to well-known geographical points (Moscow, London, the North Pole, Vladivostok, etc.)

Draw the boundary line right along the track, like an intermediate finish that cars and people cross. Perhaps the issuance of original letters (certificates) certifying the border crossing (as when crossing the equator).

Transmission of relevant information by on-board radio of airliners and trains.

Construction of the hotel complex "Ural-Europe-Asia" (at the turn to Zlatoust), where there should be:

Comfortable rooms, conference hall;

Public catering establishments with appropriate cuisine, reflecting the culinary specifics of Europe, Asia, the Urals;

Museum of Folk Art Crafts (Zlatoust engraving on steel, iron casting, stone-cutting art, etc.);

Shops selling souvenirs, including goods with appropriate symbols;

Clocks of original designs showing the time in different time zones;

Artesian wells drilled at the border crossing point (water from Europe, Asia, from the border);

Autoparking;

Tourist information service, which will be engaged in the reception and accommodation of tourists, organizing trips to the obelisk, excursions to Zlatoust, in winter - trips to the ski slopes.

Symbolically arrange the border - and do it in a form worthy of a great border, and a great country, for example, the arch "Gate to the East".

Inclusion of the fact of the passage of the planetary boundary here and its symbolic specificity in guidebooks and reference books. Advertising on banners, on the Internet.

We believe that the creation of such a complex is necessary for everyone - tourists, citizens, schoolchildren, and entrepreneurs, as this will allow:

• create new jobs;
• to increase the profitable part of the tourism sector in the region's economy:
• will help create an image of a region attractive for tourism and change the perception of our region as the "steel" heart of Russia.

Problems and prospects for the development of tourism in the South Urals

In the total volume of paid services sold to the population, the share of recreational services, despite their sharp increase, does not even reach 10%, and the share of those employed in this area is less than 1% (0.004%) of those employed in the national economy. The main problems of regional tourism:

1) The existing material and technical base of tourism is more than 80% outdated and needs to be reconstructed.

2) On the territory of the region, recreational institutions, including the sanatorium and resort, are located extremely unevenly. All this contributes to a significant degradation of nature.

3) There are unrealized opportunities for domestic tourism resources, which are estimated by experts at 50 million dollars a year. The new resorts could create an additional 120,000 jobs, and this requires an environment that encourages honest investment into the industry.

Meanwhile, the Chelyabinsk region has all the necessary prerequisites for the further development of existing and the formation of new recreational areas. For this you need:

1. Involve young professionals (often they have a lot of ideas that should be implemented), create a progressive system of tourism education, improve the skills of the staff of tourism firms and enterprises of the tourism industry.

2. Attract both Russian and foreign investors, and this requires advertising of tourist complexes, recreation centers, etc.

3. Ensure the safety of recreation and health improvement of the population.

4. Travel companies need to create new, more interesting and accessible routes and complexes for all categories of citizens.

5. Improve the legal and regulatory framework for tourism at the regional and municipal levels.

6. Development of a tourism information support system using the Internet and international networks for automated booking of tourist services.

Annex 1

1. Do you prefer to have a rest in the Chelyabinsk region? Not really

2. What places in the Chelyabinsk region did you visit during your vacation?

4. What type of tourism in the Chelyabinsk region would interest you:

a) cultural and educational (architectural monuments, acquaintance with the cities of the region and their sights, etc.);

b) commercial (hunting, fishing);

c) ecological (visiting national parks);

d) health-improving (sanatoriums, summer camps);

e) adventure (rafting, mountaineering, horseback riding);

f) sports (ski centers, bike routes)?

5. What time of the year do you prefer to relax?

6. Have you visited the STC "Province" in the village of Slyudorudnik)? If so, how - in an organized way, for example with a class, or individually, for example with parents, relatives.

7. Have you visited the Egoza ski center? If so, how - in an organized way, for example with a class, or individually, for example with parents, relatives.

Thus, based on the collected and analyzed materials, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The Chelyabinsk region has various recreational resources: orographic, hydrological, bioclimatic.

2. Almost all types of modern tourism are represented in the region: health, sports, adventure, fishing, festival, business.

3. Travel companies began to cooperate more intensively with local resorts, sanatoriums, houses and recreation centers. Inexpensive family vacations at local bases, water tourism - rafting on the Yuryuzan, Ai, Ural, Ufa, Bolshaya Satka, Berezyak rivers, horse trails, tourist camps, hiking along mountain trails are in special demand.

4. The most visited by lakers is the sports and tourist complex "Province" in the village. Mica mine, which is developing dynamically and offers a variety of services for every taste and budget.

5. In addition to the Golden Cluster of the Southern Urals, we propose the Ural-Europe-Asia project, which will perpetuate the planetary border between parts of the world and attract tourists to this object.

6. The tourism industry of the Chelyabinsk region is developing, but it has a number of serious problems that need to be addressed at the federal and municipal levels.

Bibliographic link

3. The main ways and prospects for the development of the regional tourism market in the Urals

Studies of the inbound tourism market in the Urals allow us to draw the following conclusions:

High industrial development of the territory of the Ural region, its geographical position on the border of Europe and Asia, liberalization of foreign economic relations, developed transport infrastructure make the Middle Urals accessible to tourists from other regions of Russia and from abroad.

The number of representative offices of foreign states and international organizations is expanding. The Consulates General of the USA, Great Britain, the Czech Republic, three American centers, the Information Cultural Center "Japan" work in Yekaterinburg, since April 1998 consular days of the German embassy have been held.

In connection with the increase in the volume of foreign economic activity, the Ural Customs Board, created in the Sverdlovsk Region, is second only to Moscow and St. Petersburg in terms of volume. Modern means of communication are being actively introduced: facsimile, paging, cellular, telex, Internet.

However, the current level of development of the material base of the recreational and tourist complex (RTC) of the Ural region does not provide sufficient satisfaction of the needs of the population of the region in tourist services, nor the possibility of receiving foreign guests at the level of modern international service standards.

The material base of the region's RTK, represented by institutions of various types - sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, tourist camps, dispensaries - in 2001 amounted to 1.5% of the all-Russian network.

A specific feature of the RTK Ural as an old industrial region is that more than 90% of recreational facilities are concentrated around industrial centers. In the process of privatization of industrial enterprises, social infrastructure facilities gradually passed into non-state ownership or under the jurisdiction of municipal authorities, which do not have sufficient financial and human resources, as well as a general economic interest for the qualitative modernization of the transferred facilities, while the fixed assets of sanatorium-resort and tourist enterprises are characterized by a high degree of physical and moral deterioration.

A characteristic factor in the formation of demand for tourism services in the region was the steady differentiation of the population in the region in terms of income, which led, on the one hand, to a reduction in demand for intraregional tourist routes and accommodation facilities, on the other hand, to the emergence of interest in high-quality tourism services, an increase in demand for foreign trips.

The low competitiveness of the intra-regional tourism product is evidenced by the ratio of outbound and inbound tourism. 3% of the region's population (about 130,000 people) annually travel abroad for tourism and business purposes. The number of foreigners who used the tourist and excursion services of regional travel agencies varies between 1-2 thousand people. However, the total flow of foreign guests arriving in the region continues to increase: in 1998-2001 their number doubled, and this trend, according to tourism industry experts, will continue. The depreciation of the ruble as a result of the financial crisis of 1998 theoretically strengthens the export positions of Russian inbound tourism, especially medical, hunting and ecological tourism. The main difficulty lies in the acquisition of the tourist product brought to the international market with modern accommodation facilities.

In addition, out of more than 400 tourist companies in the region, only about 30 are actually engaged in the reception of foreign and Russian tourists and the production of recreational and tourist services. The rest, perform the functions of formation, promotion and implementation of the tourist product. Most often, these are small and medium-sized tourist enterprises engaged in organizing outbound tourism and acting as travel agents for the resale of ready-made tours of foreign or metropolitan tour operators with the addition of a transport component and a number of related services (insurance, visa, etc.)

Among the problems that also urgently need to be addressed in order to increase the competitiveness of the Ural region in the international tourism market, the following can be noted:

Lack of support from regional and municipal authorities for tourism enterprises providing domestic, inbound tourism services.

Lack of interest of domestic and foreign investors to invest in the recreation and tourism sector.

However, despite a number of negative factors affecting the development of tourism in the Urals, there is a huge potential for the development of this industry. According to statistics, the number of foreign citizens arriving only in the Sverdlovsk region, due to the liberalization of foreign economic relations and the growing interest of international business circles in the Ural region, increased almost 10 times in 1992-2001. Moreover, with purely tourist purposes, about 2 thousand people visit the region during the year.

According to the forecasts of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2005-2007, sustainable economic growth in inbound international tourism will be 15% per year in the Sverdlovsk region, and 5% per year in domestic tourism. Within five years, it is expected to double the tourist flow to the Urals and restore the indicators of the use of the tourist infrastructure network to the level of 1991.

Economists' forecasts are supported by the presence of a legislative framework (in the Sverdlovsk region, among the first in Russia, the "Law on tourism activities" was adopted) and are based on the presence of a variety of tourism resources. More than 350 monuments include the historical and cultural heritage of the Sverdlovsk region alone (monuments of Russian Orthodoxy in the ancient Ural cities and villages - Verkhoturye,

Lower Sinyachikha). Crafts and unique crafts for which the Urals are famous (Kasli iron casting, Nizhny Tagil lacquer trays, stone-cutting crafts in Kungur), wooden architecture (architectural monuments of various styles and eras adorn all major cities of the Urals: Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk ), cult monuments of Russian Orthodoxy, unique natural attractions, hydro-mineral resources (more than 300 rivers and lakes), in addition, eco-tourism (very popular recently; there are more than 700 natural monuments in the Ural region) - it is in this wealth that lies, first of all , the potential of the tourism industry.

The main Russian competitors of the Urals in the world tourist market are Moscow, St. Petersburg, the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia. There are several reasons for this: firstly, these tourist centers undoubtedly have a more developed tourist infrastructure, and secondly, information security is also much higher (for many years, the image of cities as attractive tourist centers for foreign citizens has been formed). In this regard, in order to increase the competitiveness of the region as a tourist center, in 1998 the Committee of the Sverdlovsk region for physical culture, sports and tourism developed the Target Program "Development of tourism in the region until 2010".

Among the tasks of developing the tourism industry and increasing competitiveness in the world market today:

1. Creation of a favorable image of the region in the Russian and international tourism markets. Good city marketing is needed. Today, any large western city cannot do without a special division - a marketing service that studies the city's market, calculates trends and develops development prospects.

2. Information support of regional tourism business

3. Real assistance of the authorities to tourism enterprises developing inbound and domestic tourism

4. Improving the quality of tourist services

5. Assistance in the training of qualified personnel in the field of tourism product production.

In the near future, the Ural region will show itself as a separate brand in the global tourism market. Experts assess the potential of the Southern, Middle and Northern Urals in the field of domestic (regional) tourism as very strong, but at present business tourism accounts for 60% of the tourist market structure. Such areas as cultural, entertainment, ecological tourism are still undeservedly left without due attention. The government of the Sverdlovsk region, as well as federal legislators, have already thought about a strategy for promoting the Ural tourism product abroad, but they believe that it will be easiest to represent the Urals as a single brand. A similar project has already been presented at the international tourism exhibition in London under the slogan "Ural mountains of hospitality" ("Ural mountains of hospitality") and found a response from foreign players in the tourism market.

The prospects of the Ural region in the world market and the future of inbound tourism were discussed on May 24 by regional and federal experts at the interregional conference "Tourist Forum of the Greater Urals". It was held under the patronage of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, the Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region. Representatives of neighboring regions - the Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions, the Perm Territory, the republics of Bashkortostan, Komi and Tatarstan, the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs - came to Yekaterinburg to discuss topical issues.

In the Middle Urals there is something to show to tourists from abroad, and from Russia itself. Transport hubs connecting Europe and Asia are concentrated here, business and financial flows pass through the largest cities of the Urals.

The tourism industry is not yet developing at full strength, it needs legislative support. The opportunities for the development of nature-oriented, active and sports tourism are extremely insufficiently used.

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Studies of the inbound tourism market in the Urals allow us to draw the following conclusions:

High industrial development of the territory of the Ural region, its geographical position on the border of Europe and Asia, liberalization of foreign economic relations, developed transport infrastructure make the Middle Urals accessible to tourists from other regions of Russia and from abroad.

The number of representative offices of foreign states and international organizations is expanding. The Consulates General of the USA, Great Britain, the Czech Republic, three American centers, the Information Cultural Center "Japan" work in Yekaterinburg, since April 1998 consular days of the German embassy have been held.

In connection with the increase in the volume of foreign economic activity, the Ural Customs Board, created in the Sverdlovsk Region, is second only to Moscow and St. Petersburg in terms of volume. Modern means of communication are being actively introduced: facsimile, paging, cellular, telex, Internet.

However, the current level of development of the material base of the recreational and tourist complex (RTC) of the Ural region does not provide sufficient satisfaction of the needs of the population of the region in tourist services, nor the possibility of receiving foreign guests at the level of modern international service standards.

The material base of the region's RTK, represented by institutions of various types - sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, tourist camps, dispensaries - in 2001 amounted to 1.5% of the all-Russian network.

A specific feature of the RTK Ural as an old industrial region is that more than 90% of recreational facilities are concentrated around industrial centers. In the process of privatization of industrial enterprises, social infrastructure facilities gradually passed into non-state ownership or under the jurisdiction of municipal authorities, which do not have sufficient financial and human resources, as well as a general economic interest for the qualitative modernization of the transferred facilities, while the fixed assets of sanatorium-resort and tourist enterprises are characterized by a high degree of physical and moral deterioration.

A characteristic factor in the formation of demand for tourism services in the region was the steady differentiation of the population in the region in terms of income, which led, on the one hand, to a reduction in demand for intraregional tourist routes and accommodation facilities, on the other hand, to the emergence of interest in high-quality tourism services, an increase in demand for foreign trips.

The low competitiveness of the intra-regional tourism product is evidenced by the ratio of outbound and inbound tourism. 3% of the region's population (about 130,000 people) annually travel abroad for tourism and business purposes. The number of foreigners who used the tourist and excursion services of regional travel agencies varies between 1-2 thousand people. However, the total flow of foreign guests arriving in the region continues to increase: in 1998-2001 their number doubled, and this trend, according to tourism industry experts, will continue. The depreciation of the ruble as a result of the financial crisis of 1998 theoretically strengthens the export positions of Russian inbound tourism, especially medical, hunting and ecological tourism. The main difficulty lies in the acquisition of the tourist product brought to the international market with modern accommodation facilities.

In addition, out of more than 400 tourist companies in the region, only about 30 are actually engaged in the reception of foreign and Russian tourists and the production of recreational and tourist services. The rest, perform the functions of formation, promotion and implementation of the tourist product. Most often, these are small and medium-sized tourist enterprises engaged in organizing outbound tourism and acting as travel agents for the resale of ready-made tours of foreign or metropolitan tour operators with the addition of a transport component and a number of related services (insurance, visa, etc.)

Among the problems that also urgently need to be addressed in order to increase the competitiveness of the Ural region in the international tourism market, the following can be noted:

Lack of support from regional and municipal authorities for tourism enterprises providing domestic, inbound tourism services.

Lack of interest of domestic and foreign investors to invest in the recreation and tourism sector.

However, despite a number of negative factors affecting the development of tourism in the Urals, there is a huge potential for the development of this industry. According to statistics, the number of foreign citizens arriving only in the Sverdlovsk region, due to the liberalization of foreign economic relations and the growing interest of international business circles in the Ural region, increased almost 10 times in 1992-2001. Moreover, with purely tourist purposes, about 2 thousand people visit the region during the year.

According to the forecasts of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2005-2007, sustainable economic growth in inbound international tourism will be 15% per year in the Sverdlovsk region, and 5% per year in domestic tourism. Within five years, it is expected to double the tourist flow to the Urals and restore the indicators of the use of the tourist infrastructure network to the level of 1991.

Economists' forecasts are supported by the presence of a legislative framework (in the Sverdlovsk region, among the first in Russia, the "Law on tourism activities" was adopted) and are based on the presence of a variety of tourism resources. More than 350 monuments include the historical and cultural heritage of the Sverdlovsk region alone (monuments of Russian Orthodoxy in the ancient Ural cities and villages - Verkhoturye,

Lower Sinyachikha). Crafts and unique crafts for which the Urals are famous (Kasli iron casting, Nizhny Tagil lacquer trays, stone-cutting crafts in Kungur), wooden architecture (architectural monuments of various styles and eras adorn all major cities of the Urals: Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk ), cult monuments of Russian Orthodoxy, unique natural attractions, hydro-mineral resources (more than 300 rivers and lakes), in addition, eco-tourism (very popular recently; there are more than 700 natural monuments in the Ural region) - it is in this wealth that lies, first of all , the potential of the tourism industry.

The main Russian competitors of the Urals in the world tourist market are Moscow, St. Petersburg, the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia. There are several reasons for this: firstly, these tourist centers undoubtedly have a more developed tourist infrastructure, and secondly, information security is also much higher (for many years, the image of cities as attractive tourist centers for foreign citizens has been formed). In this regard, in order to increase the competitiveness of the region as a tourist center, in 1998 the Committee of the Sverdlovsk region for physical culture, sports and tourism developed the Target Program "Development of tourism in the region until 2010".

Among the tasks of developing the tourism industry and increasing competitiveness in the world market today:

1. Creation of a favorable image of the region in the Russian and international tourism markets. Good city marketing is needed. Today, any large western city cannot do without a special division - a marketing service that studies the city's market, calculates trends and develops development prospects.

2. Information support of regional tourism business

3. Real assistance of the authorities to tourism enterprises developing inbound and domestic tourism

4. Improving the quality of tourist services

5. Assistance in the training of qualified personnel in the field of tourism product production.

In the near future, the Ural region will show itself as a separate brand in the global tourism market. Experts assess the potential of the Southern, Middle and Northern Urals in the field of domestic (regional) tourism as very strong, but at present business tourism accounts for 60% of the tourist market structure. Such areas as cultural, entertainment, ecological tourism are still undeservedly left without due attention. The government of the Sverdlovsk region, as well as federal legislators, have already thought about a strategy for promoting the Ural tourism product abroad, but they believe that it will be easiest to represent the Urals as a single brand. A similar project has already been presented at the international tourism exhibition in London under the slogan "Ural mountains of hospitality" ("Ural mountains of hospitality") and found a response from foreign players in the tourism market.

The prospects of the Ural region in the world market and the future of inbound tourism were discussed on May 24 by regional and federal experts at the interregional conference "Tourist Forum of the Greater Urals". It was held under the patronage of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, the Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism of the Sverdlovsk Region. Representatives of neighboring regions - the Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions, the Perm Territory, the republics of Bashkortostan, Komi and Tatarstan, the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs - came to Yekaterinburg to discuss topical issues.

In the Middle Urals there is something to show to tourists from abroad, and from Russia itself. Transport hubs connecting Europe and Asia are concentrated here, business and financial flows pass through the largest cities of the Urals.

The tourism industry is not yet developing at full strength, it needs legislative support. The opportunities for the development of nature-oriented, active and sports tourism are extremely insufficiently used.