Prospects for the development of tourism in the Urals. Subpolar Urals: hike to the highest peaks. Combined tours, horse and water trips, walking and water tour

Many kilometers of driving on a heavy truck, exhausting crossings, dangerous swamps and rapids of turbulent rivers ... If you are ready to overcome obstacles, the hardships of a long journey, changeable weather, in order to penetrate into protected places hidden from the idle eyes of the inhabitants, then a trip to the Urals is your adventure. If you want to find yourself in a fabulous park 20 minutes after leaving the train, where gems lie under your feet, it is almost impossible to get lost, there are paths that are on the shoulder for both children and adults, then traveling to the Urals is your active holiday.

This amazing region, 2.5 thousand km long, connects the Arctic Ocean and the steppes of Kazakhstan. It is deserted and densely populated, frosty and hot, Asian and European - with an amazing polyphony of natural landscapes, climatic zones, artifacts from different eras.

Subpolar Urals: hike to the highest peaks

The subpolar Urals is one of the most interesting places in the region, which began to be explored by travelers back in the 30s. This harsh region is far from the most visited because of the huge distances, which gives it the potential for high categories of difficulty. The climate here is unsatisfactory.

Most of the tourist routes in the subpolar Urals go through the Inta station. From here, private traders in Ural-vakhtovka cars carry out transfers to mountainous areas, for example, to the Zhelanny shelter (located 136 km from the railway station). You can get to it on the local off-road in 8 hours.

From Zhelanny, where mountain quartz is mined, trails go to the highest peaks of the Ural Mountains - Narodnaya (1894), Karpinsky (1878), Manarage (1820). Around them there are many routes with amazing mountain landscapes, ridges and passes, turbulent rivers with many channels. Daredevils try their hand at climbing these peaks, as well as a large number of less high mountains and ridges - Saber, Protection, Unapproachable.

Despite the fact that the passes and peaks have categories no higher than 2A, the totality of obstacles and the length of the route determine its 5th category of difficulty.

After all, to see this northern merciless beauty, you need at least 3 weeks. During this time hikers walk or ski more than 300 km.

Rains, fogs, broken roads, marshy swamps, wide floods of rivers, where even fords - up to the middle of the thigh, and even to the waist - are serious summer tests even for well-trained tourists. In winter, it is easier to pass here, unless, of course, skiers are ready for the trail, which in some parts of their trip to the Urals reaches 80 cm, bitter frosts (up to -45 degrees) and gusty winds.

The most favorable period for summer trekking is the second half of July - the first half of August. But even at the height of summer, the change of weather is frequent: the air temperature can fluctuate from 0 to +20 degrees, drizzling rain can be replaced by a downpour, hail and even a snowstorm. Often there are snowfields and glaciers. In summer, up to 1000 mm of precipitation falls, which reduces the passability of tourist trails.

They usually take place in March and April. During this period, significant temperature differences are also noticeable - from 0 to -45.

On the territory of the Yugyd Va National Park, where these natural attractions are located, travelers can wait out the bad weather in shelters, beams, huts, which are sometimes found on the way. The cost of an overnight stay is 200-250 rubles. per person, although more recently, these structures were free shelters for tourists hiking in the Urals.

The exit from the route, as a rule, is carried out through the Aranets pass and the village of Aranets, from where on foot or by boat (by agreement with the locals) you can get to the village of Kontsebor. Here 2-3 times a week there is public transport (bus) to the city of Pechora or you can catch a ride. Travel time is about 2.5 hours.

There is another “entry point” to the tourist route along the subpolar Urals - the city of Vuktyl, which is popular with water tourists.

Keep in mind! Despite the fact that on the official website of the park "Yugyd Va" tourists are urged to issue a special permit and pay for every day of their stay on its territory, such rent has been repeatedly recognized as illegal by the court and the prosecutor's office. The latest decision of the Vuktyl City Court of the Republic of Komi entered into force on August 6, 2012 and was published on October 24, 2012 in the Siyaniye Severa newspaper.

The activities of the national park "Yugyd Va" are increasingly commercialized every year. And today its directorate offers services for organizing transfers by auto, water and air transport (helicopter), publishes and distributes printed and souvenir products, charges for the use of shelters, etc. The NP offices are located in the cities of Inta, Pechora, Vuktyl.

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Journey through the Northern Urals: through the Dyatlov Pass to Bolvany Mansi

A trip to the northern Urals is interesting not only for those who are attracted by hard-to-reach places far from civilization, the absence of cities and towns nearby, in general, game and wilderness.

Here is the legendary pass, where in 1959, under unclear and mysterious circumstances, the Dyatlov tourist group tragically died. Today it is called the Dyatlov Pass. And the highlight of these places is the mysterious Manpupuner Plateau with its majestic Mansi Dumplings, whose height is from 30 to 42 meters.

There are also many tourist routes in the Northern Urals in this area. They come here from both Europe and Asia. After all, the Urals is the border of the continents.

In summer, the most convenient (but by no means budget - about 18 thousand rubles for a boat for 6 people) transfer along the Pechora River, usually organized groups deliver it this way. This route is offered by the directorate of the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve, on the territory of which the plateau is located. It is designed for 6 days, starts from Troitsko-Pechersk, from where the participants are taken to the pier (60 km) for a separate fee. This journey through the northern Urals includes, in addition to 200 km. waterway, also 66 km. walking distance to and from Manpupuner. Most of it is occupied by a rather tedious road.

Anyone who wants to make a full-fledged hiking or ski trip to the northern Urals chooses the path that lies from the Ivdel railway station, where the Moscow-Priobye train runs.

From Ivdel, a transfer was arranged to the Auspiya River. Then they go skiing or walking up the river to the Dyatlov Pass, which is located on the Belt Stone Ridge. On the pass there are commemorative plaques reminiscent of the tragic events of 1959.

From here you can go down to the source of the great Pechora River, which in these places is still a stream winding in the taiga forest, and make a radial on the Manpupuner plateau.

If you return the same way, it will be the shortest trip to these sacred places. But it will also take 10 days because of the long distances - about 200 km. And the routes here can be laid for every taste and almost any category of difficulty from 2 to 5.

Keep in mind! Even before the start of your journey through the Urals, you need to issue a pass to the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve. This must be done in advance by sending an application by fax or e-mail to the directorate at least two weeks before the trip. The cost of 1 day of stay on its territory in the summer of 2012 was 650 rubles. You can pay for the pass by transferring money to the account of the reserve.

Although, many tourists prefer an alternative option - paying a fine of 1000 rubles. in place. After all, the number of passes is limited, and on the dates of stay in the reserve indicated in the application, you can simply “not get there”, for example, due to bad weather.

South Ural: Taganay National Park

Taganay - mountain ranges and a national park near Zlatoust, which, in comparison with the wild expanses of the subpolar and northern Urals, seems to be chamber. However, its area is 568 sq. km, allows you to explore interesting tourist routes in the Urals.

The central entrance to the Taganay Park is located, literally, a 10-minute bus ride or half an hour walk from the railway station, in the village of Pushkin.

You can also enter its territory from Miass, Magnitogorsk or Karabash. If you have a GPS navigator or you read the map well, then you can walk around Taganay without guides. It is much easier to do this in winter than in summer. There are no swamps. Streams and lakes are frozen. Lots of well-trodden blizzard roads.

Taganay is several mountain ranges of which the highest is Big Taganay and its dominant, the highest point of the park is Kruglitsa (1112). A strong wind creates amazing forms of snow here.

Fanciful rock outcrops in the Valley of Fairy Tales, Otklyuchnaya ridge, the vertical walls of which echo every spoken word, the weather station on the top of the Dalniy Taganay ridge (1114), from which an unprecedented view opens - these and other picturesque landscapes can be seen while moving on foot or on skis.

There are many category routes 1B-3A in the Taganay National Park for experienced tourists who can put up tents in specially designated places equipped with firewood.

For lovers of "walking" recreation, families with children, 60 km of marked trails and 6 equipped shelters are laid, located at a distance of 7 to 24 km from each other. So hiking in the southern Urals can be done with unprecedented convenience.

Overnight in the houses is paid, from 400 rubles. per person per day, depending on the season and the degree of comfort (although it is very conditional). Also, money is charged for setting up your tent, using the equipped trails and picnic areas with barbecues, etc. In general, the degree of commercialization is rather big, although the entrance to the territory and being in the Taganay National Park is free.

The well-trodden paths, a large number of visitors in winter and summer, can scare away lovers of deaf corners and deserted outskirts. But for those who, yet, are not ready for difficult autonomous distances of hundreds of kilometers or whose team includes small tourists, this is a great option - a trip to the southern Urals with a minimum of risk and load.

The Ural region is the easternmost region of the Center of Russia. It occupies the mountains of the Urals, Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals. Administratively, it includes the Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk regions, Bashkiria and the eastern part of Udmurtia. Characterization of the recreational and tourist potential of the region involves the allocation of features of the assessment of socio-economic parameters, and recreational and tourist resources of the Ural region: The region is politically stable, it is in the leading political positions in the Russian Federation in terms of initiative and legislative activity. The Ural region is rich in unique natural monuments and sights. The Urals is located between the European part of the country, Siberia and Central Asia, with which it is connected by a developed transport network. The region has a relatively high level of market infrastructure development. The Urals has a historically high intellectual, scientific, technical and cultural potential. The conditions for development are determined by the mountains and the existing transport links in the region. The recreational potential of the region is significant: the rivers - Kama, Belaya, Tura, Iset; tributaries - Chusovaya, Mias; lakes - Uvildy, Shartash.

The main tourist centers of the region are Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk.

Climate - The climate of the region is continental. The level of light solar radiation varies from insufficient in the north (1650 hours) to moderate (1800 hours). In the north, the level of ultraviolet radiation in winter is insufficient, in the rest of the territory it is optimal. The frost-free period lasts from 95 to 140 days. Summer is warm. The average July temperature is +18°C. Winter is moderately cold. The average January temperature is -15° C. In the north, the snow cover lasts 150-190 days, and in the south about 110 days. Its height reaches 40-60 cm. The most favorable period for tourism and recreation begins at the end of May and ends in September. It can sometimes be overshadowed by cold rains in the north in the mountains and excessive heat and drought in the south. The winter season is favorable for skiing and skiing.

Ancient mountains, "gray Ural" - the most striking natural feature of the region. They create a unique image of the Urals, make it attractive for numerous tourists and vacationers. In terms of landscape, the area can be divided into several parts. The Ural Range consists of the mid-altitude Northern Urals (1569 m above sea level), the low-mountain Middle Urals (up to 700 m above sea level), the mid-mountain Southern Urals (1640 m above sea level). The foothill plains from the west are bordered by the Upper Kama (300-330 m above sea level) and Bugulma-Belebeevskaya (380-420 m above sea level) uplands. The dissected relief creates conditions for the development of various types of active tourism. Many of the highest peaks of the Northern and Southern Urals - Isherim (1331 m), Denezhkin Kamen (1492 m), Konzhakovsky Kamen (1569 m), Bolshoy Iremmel (1582 m), Yamantau (1640 m) - are rocky and treeless. They are popular with climbers and climbers.

The territory of the district is watered by a large number of rivers. The largest of which are: Kama, Belaya, Ural, Tura, Iset, as well as their tributaries: Chusovaya, Yuryuzan, Inzer, Ai, Miass). There are many lakes in the foothills: Uvildy, Argazi, Irtyash, Shartash, Kalkak. Among the water bodies, an important role belongs to the Kama reservoir.

The swimming season in the north of the Ural region is quite short - only about one month, while in the south it reaches three. The hydro-mineral resources of the Ural region are quite diverse. Along with sulfate drinking waters and chloride sodium bromine brines, carbonic ferruginous, hydrogen sulfide, bromine, iodine-bromine and radon waters are common here. In Bashkiria, there is a unique natural resort "Yangantau", where the main healing factor is natural hot vapors and dry hot gases coming to the surface from the cracks of Mount Yangantau. Sodium chloride brines (salt waters) with a mineralization of 35 to 150 g/l have been discovered in various regions of the Volga region at depths of 400 to 1500 m; they are used in the Udmurt sanatoriums Varzi-Yatchi and Metallurg.

The resort "Uvildy" is located in the Argayashsky district of the Chelyabinsk region. Natural healing factors: the unique mild climate of the southeastern shore of Lake Uvildy with high natural ionization and saturation with phytoncides, highly active natural radon waters from a natural source (the most effective in Russia); natural sapropelic mud of Sabanai lake. Profile of the sanatorium: diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, musculoskeletal system, gynecological and urological diseases.

Sanatorium Obukhovsky, Kuri, flower-mud of Moltaeva Lake,

Resources of therapeutic mud in the area are represented by peat and sapropelic mud. There are small lake-key deposits of silt sulphide mud. Peat mud is found in the forest zone in Udmurtia - the Varzi-Yachi resort.

The Sverdlovsk region is a combination of a developed economy and infrastructure with a variety of natural resources: picturesque mountains, forest lands, healing lakes. Yekaterinburg is the center of business tourism, business, congress and exhibition, corporate tourism. Many excursion programs (survey and thematic), museums. There are many caves on the territory of the region, and therefore speleotourism is developed here. Ski resorts are popular on the Uktus Mountains, in the vicinity of Revda, Mikhailovsk, Pervouralsk, Nizhny Tagil, Sredneuralsk and others. 2Kholzan (Sysert district): aviary complex for the rehabilitation and monitoring of birds of prey. 3Koptelovo - not far from Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha. The village is famous for its Museum of the history of agriculture and the life of peasants. 4Nevyansk - Meadowsweet: The family nest of the Demidovs, the famous dynasty of industrialists and metallurgists (located more than 80 km from Yekaterinburg). The symbol of the city is the Nevyansk Leaning Tower. 5Deer Brooks: The excursion route passes through a forest area, which has the status of a natural monument of regional significance with an amazing variety of flora and fauna. 6Kungur Cave is a unique natural monument, the age of the cave is about 10-12 thousand years. 7Ganina Yama: Ganina Yama is a tract 17 km from Yekaterinburg, an abandoned copper mine. In the summer of 1918, the remains of the family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II Romanov were secretly destroyed in one of its mines. A monastery was erected here in the name of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers. 8Verkhoturye is the spiritual center of the Urals. Lots of Orthodox churches. 9Alapaevsk - N. Sinyachikha Alapaevsk is the birthplace of the great composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. House-museum of the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. Nizhnesinyachikhinsky museum-reserve of wooden architecture and folk art right under the open sky. 10Irbit Museum of Fine Arts (graphics and engraving), historical and ethnographic museum, museum of motorcycles. Ostrich farm "Irbit ostrich".

Types of tourism: Ecotourism (Deer Streams, Bazhovsky Natural Park, Arakul Lake - Shikhan rocks, Chusovaya River Nature Park, etc.), skiing, speleotourism, business, educational.

Perm region - located in the Western Urals in the upper reaches of the Kama River. Not far from Perm, on the high bank of the Kama, there is the only one in the Urals architectural and ethnographic museum-reserve "Khokhlovka" covering an area of ​​42 hectares. Unique wooden buildings of the 17th-19th centuries were transported here from the north of the region. Every summer, folklore festivals are held on the territory of the open-air museum, which attract groups from many regions of Russia. Kungur Ice Cave - a unique monument of nature of all-Russian significance. City Solikamsk is one of the oldest cities in the Urals. There is a unique salt museum here. The cities of Osa (museum, monuments of architecture), Cherdyn (a collection of copper-bronze plastics (Perm animal style), architectural buildings of the 17th-18th centuries, Usolye (monuments of architecture) are rich in sights. Chusovaya river associated with many historical events, with famous figures in the history of Russia (Ermak, Stroganovs, Demidovs, Emelyan Pugachev) Stone Town (Devil's Settlement)– Bizarre rock outcrops form a network of corridors and tiers on a hill in the middle of the forest. Usva Pillars and Shumikhinsky Rocks"Usva pillars" - pillar-shaped light gray remnants rise steeply 150 m above the Usva level, on the right bank, rise with multifaceted stone bell towers. Their peaks are almost impregnable. The pillars are often visited by tourists, both during their travels in Usva and on their own. A good path leads to the top of the stone. An amazing view of the valley of the Usva River opens from the top platform. One of the sights here is the Usvinsky (Devil's) finger, this is a detached rock-outlier of impressive size. Several difficult climbing and climbing routes have been laid along it, which are accessible only with special equipment and training.

Ski tourism - Mount Gubakha. Cruises on the Kama.

Healing natural resources are diverse: Ust-Kachka resort.

Chelyabinsk region National parks: Zyuratkul - Lake Zyuratkul is the main decoration of the park, it also has all the opportunities for sports tourism - fishing and outdoor activities. Ecological trail, ascent to the Zyuratkul ridge. Very beautiful Kitova Pier (designed as a theme park) Ilmensky Reserve- more than 260 minerals were found here, 11 of which were discovered for the first time in the world, and among plants there are species that are found only here. More than 30 lakes, one of the famous ones is Lake Turgoyak. Specialized natural-landscape and historical-archaeological center "Arkaim". Arkaim has already become a kind of spiritual center, our Russian Mecca. A lot of deep human secrets are connected with the phenomenon of Arkaim. Today, only one thing can be said with all certainty that Arkaim and the “Country of Cities” are one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. Chrysostom the city is rich in historical and architectural monuments, temples and museums, a dam and an old factory, German streets.

Ski tourism - ski center "Adzhigardak", "Zavyalikha", Egoza, Solar Valley. Rest on the lakes and fishing - Uvildy, Turgoyak, Itkul, Zyuratkul, Arakul, Kisegach, Sungul.

Bashkortostan - The nature of Bashkiria has endowed Bashkiria with a peculiar and rare beauty: there are majestic mountains covered with coniferous and deciduous forests. Mountain rivers with picturesque waterfalls, numerous lakes and caves (about 300 karst caves), as well as a significant number of sunny days, moderate climate, a variety of flora and fauna. Healing mountain air, the aroma of herbs, Bashkir honey, koumiss, the purity of turbulent rivers will bring a lot of health to travelers. A wide range of active tours to the most beautiful places in Bashkiria: horse riding tours, catamaran rafting on the Belaya and Zilim rivers, hiking tours, bus routes. Sanatoriums, resorts and recreational tourism. In Bashkiria, there is a unique Yangan-Tau resort, where natural healing factors are natural hot vapors and dry gases. The ski resort "Abzakovo", the ski center "Metallurg-Magnitogorsk" are popular.

Business tourism - 90% foreigners. Industrial tourism. River cruises "Perm - Kazan - Ulyanovsk" - Mikhail Kutuzov, "Perm - Tchaikovsky - Elabuga - Kazan - Nizhny Novgorod - Gorodets - Kostroma - Yaroslavl - Myshkin - Uglich - Moscow" - Fedor Panferov. The quality of service does not depend on demand.

Conclusion: It is not easy to make the capital of the Urals a tourist Mecca, because for a long time it was closed to foreigners. And the Ural brand is an opportunity to promote the Ural tourism product. In general, the potential is great, but there are problems in receiving tourists in Yekaterinburg:

1. accommodation, lack of hotels tour. class; price discrepancy; no discounts in hotels; 2. lack of a car park (old buses) 3. poor service on out-of-town excursions - there are no toilets on the highway. 4. opinion about Russia, that we are robbed, shot in the streets, and bears walk around ....6. no maps, signs in English. (d / foreigners) 7. lack of staff - guides with the language, qualified guides, almost all at the amateur level.

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Introduction

Despite the dynamic growth of tourism in recent years, Russia is still far behind the leading countries in terms of the main indicators of tourism development. Tourism is considered as a source of financial income of the budget system of the Russian Federation, a means of increasing employment and the quality of life of the population, a way to maintain the health of citizens, the basis for the development of the socio-cultural environment and the education of patriotism, as well as a powerful tool for education and the formation of a moral platform for the development of civil society.

The study of the current state of tourism in the Russian Federation allows us to draw conclusions about the positive dynamics in the development of this area. There is an increase in domestic and inbound tourist flow.

Russia, due to its unique natural and cultural potential, as well as the interest of foreign tourists as a new destination, has every reason to develop most types of tourism.

1. Development tour. industries at the moment

Over the past few years, recreation in the South Urals has experienced a tourist boom. Ski resorts are actively developing, the old ones are being transformed and new sanatoriums, boarding houses and recreation centers are being built. Guests and residents of the region are attracted by picturesque nature, unique healing factors, historical and cultural monuments, Ural cities and towns. The Southern Urals is considered the land of lakes, of which there are more than 3 thousand. Rest in the Chelyabinsk region is also ecologically clean territories, nature reserves and national parks.

For the development of domestic tourism in the Chelyabinsk region, it is planned to create zones united by one theme and sights. As planned by the authorities, the tourism sector should develop according to the cluster system. Emphasis will be placed on different types of tourism: recreational, health, ecological, amateur, educational, industrial, event, sports and others. The creation of a tourist cluster in the South Urals was discussed by the guests of the press center of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "South Ural"

At the moment, the Ministry of Culture of the region is preparing an application for inclusion of the project in the federal target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation for 2011-2018". If the project of the Chelyabinsk region receives federal support, the region will be provided with 1 billion rubles. for the development of tourism

The terrain of the Southern Urals allows you to expand the geography and the very direction of winter tourism, as well as winter sports.

Currently, only 102 sports are cultivated in the Chelyabinsk region, including 17 winter ones, which are practiced by more than 55 thousand people.

The most popular are cross-country skiing - 27 thousand people, ice hockey - 13 thousand people, speed skating - 6.5 thousand people.

In recent years, thanks to the revival of the Spartakiad movement in Russia, new sports have been successfully developed in the region: freestyle, snowboarding, ski jumping, Nordic combined, curling, short track, and mushing.

To date, winter sports have the following material base:

• 10 sports complexes with artificial ice,
• 261 ski lodges,
• 2 ski stadiums,
• 1 biathlon shooting range,
• 17 ski centers,
• 380 hockey rinks, more than 300 rinks for mass skating.

The unified regional calendar plan of mass sports events and sports competitions provides for holding 400 winter sports events during the year. This includes the regional sports competitions of students "Olympic Hopes of the Southern Urals", sports competitions of students and students of primary, secondary and higher vocational education institutions, rural youth "Uralskaya Metelitsa", orphanages and boarding schools, among the disabled and the elderly.

In recent years, mass events have been revived, including the Ski Track of Russia, where from 30 to 40 thousand people participate, the Golden Puck, Snow Ball, Silver Skates tournaments, ski races for the prizes of the Council of the Ural Ski Battalions and annual competitions for the prizes of the four-time Olympic champion in biathlon "V.Tikhonov's Ski Track", in the village of Uyskoye.

Work on the preparation of a sports reserve for winter sports is carried out in 65 sports schools and specialized departments with a number of 17,106 people involved. The best results are shown by the South Urals in the following directions: speed skating, hockey, representatives of alpine skiing, freestyle, snowboarding, curling.

The I Spartakiad of Russian students left a bright mark in the memory of the residents of the Chelyabinsk region as a major sporting event and the result of fruitful work to strengthen the material base, purchase equipment and inventory for the development of winter sports. At the expense of the federal budget and other sources of financing for sports facilities and sports schools, inventory and equipment were purchased in the amount of more than 40 million rubles.

The Chelyabinsk region, which has a good experience in holding major sports events, and for the results achieved in youth sports, was entrusted with the right to host the 1st Winter Spartakiad of Russian Youth, which starts in a month in 6 cities of the region. According to the decision of the Governor of the Chelyabinsk region, 34.7 million rubles were allocated for the purchase of equipment and inventory, the repair of sports facilities. Expenses from the federal budget for the preparation and organization of the Games will amount to 50 million rubles.

All sports equipment: ice machines, snow groomers for preparing ski slopes, snow cannons, equipment for bandy, alpine skiing, biathlon, luge and skeleton sledges and other equipment are transferred to sports facilities and children's sports schools.

Olympic preparation. More than 15,000 athletes from 30 regions of the country conduct training camps in the ice palace, more than 40 competitions and other events are held a year. Up to 500 thousand people use mass skating services during the year.

The development of physical culture and sports, including winter sports, largely depends on the position of the heads of municipalities. In cities and districts, new forms of physical culture and health improvement work are emerging, programs and comprehensive plans for improving the health of the population are being adopted. In Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Satka, Plast, Chebarkul and other territories, the construction of sports grounds, hockey courts, ice towns is being actively carried out.

At present, the task has been set to revive and create conditions for active recreation of the South Urals residents through the construction of illuminated ski slopes and other low-cost facilities on the terms of co-financing. For these purposes, 25 million rubles were allocated from the regional budget, and in 2017 similar facilities will appear in 15 municipalities.

2. Winter tourism industry

The tourism industry of the Chelyabinsk region consists of 17 ski centers, of which the most developed are: Abzakovo, Metallurg-Magnitogorsk, Adzhigardak (Asha), Zavyalikha (Trekhgorny) and Solnechnaya Dolina (Miass), which is included together with sports - tourist complex "Golden Beach" in the National Park of Sports and Tourism "Turgoyak". The park is constantly developing, in 2015 the investment amounted to 300 million rubles, the planned investment by 2016 is 1.2 billion rubles. Up to 180 thousand people visit the center annually, the volume of services for the past year amounted to 150 million rubles. In the future - the creation of an international level infrastructure for competitions, outdoor activities, tourism and health improvement with a visit of up to 350 thousand people a year.

Ski center "Abzakovo" includes 13 ski slopes with artificial lighting and developed infrastructure, with a total capacity of 5 thousand people per hour. In 2015, the number of visitors amounted to 222 thousand people living not only in the Chelyabinsk region, but also in many other areas of the country.

In recent years, thanks to active advertising and information activities, the Chelyabinsk region has become attractive for tourists from other regions of Russia. Participation in numerous domestic and foreign exhibitions, conducting promotional tours around the region, making films, regular coverage of tourist resources in the central media made it possible to change the attitude towards the Chelyabinsk region. Every year the flow of tourists, including foreign ones, increases and currently amounts to about 80 thousand people a year. According to the results of 2015, the region was awarded the Golden Crown prize in the nomination "Development of inbound tourism" of the international award "Tourist Industry Leaders".

Sports tourism in the region is carried out in 885 associations, centers and stations of young tourists, the number of those involved is more than 15 thousand people. More than 2 thousand hikes are held annually, in which up to 25 thousand people participate, 56 tourist routes have been created.

6 universities, 2 colleges and 2 branches of SUSU in the branch of the Moscow International Academy of Tourism are engaged in training personnel in the field of the tourism industry. 600 people study at SUSU, 350 people at UralGUPC. Student conferences and exhibitions on various topics of tourism are held 2-3 times a year. The Chelyabinsk Region is the initiator of the Russian Student Olympiad "Tourist Mecca", which is held annually at SUSU with the participation of representatives from many regions of Russia.

In order to further effective work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population of the region, organization of leisure, involvement of young people in mass physical culture and sports, it is planned to carry out:

• - development of the law of the Chelyabinsk region "On physical culture and sports" in a new edition;
• - development of the law of the Chelyabinsk region "On tourism" in terms of accreditation of tourist and recreational centers of the Chelyabinsk region";
• - further strengthening of the material and technical base of physical culture and sports: including the construction of an ice palace in Chelyabinsk, a biathlon complex and a ski stadium in Zlatoust, sports complexes with artificial ice in the cities of Satka, Chebarkul, Snezhinsk, illuminated ski slopes in 15 municipalities;
• - increase in the number of children and adolescents involved in winter sports in sports schools up to 14.5% of their total number;
• - to ensure high-quality training of South Ural athletes for the national winter sports teams of Russia, to win at least 320 medals at all-Russian and international competitions;
• - to bring the number of employees employed in the tourism sector to 14.5 thousand people.

The Southern Urals is an ideal place for winter active recreation. The winter here is frosty and snowy, and the mountains covered with a white blanket shine in the sun, striking with their grandeur and beauty. An exotic journey on a horse-drawn sleigh or on horseback along forest and mountain paths passes through snow-covered spurs and ridges.

Rest in the Urals has become "returnable" for many tourists. And this is not surprising. The beauty of the Ural land is multifaceted. It is not possible to comprehend all the attractiveness of the Urals in one trip. Tours to the Urals will introduce you to this beauty. Starting from the southern part, the natural treasures of the Urals open up.

Geographical position: The Urals is located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The main part of the region is the Ural mountain system. Includes Southern Urals, Middle Urals, Northern Urals, Subpolar Urals and Polar Urals.

You can feel all the delights of a real Russian winter only in the Southern Urals! Rest in the Urals in winter consists not only in admiring the fabulous winter landscapes, but also in getting to know the rich national traditions of the indigenous population while visiting small ancient Ural cities. It will also be a good idea to relax by taking up active sports or making an unforgettable horse-skiing trip. The Southern Urals seem to be specially created for a good winter pastime.

Conclusion

In winter, the main entertainment of the Urals who love outdoor activities and tourists who come to the Urals is skiing. In the Urals, as in any mountains, there is where to ride. There are many ski slopes for every taste, many of them are equipped with the latest technology. You can find trails for both professionals and those who are new to skiing or snowboarding. Outdoor activities will be remembered for a long time.

In the Urals, there are more than five dozen ski centers with a total length of more than 200 kilometers. The leaders in terms of number are Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions.

By the length of the slopes, the largest ski centers in the Urals.

It is also possible to note the development of other types of winter active recreation. Great growth and interest of tourists from different regions. The general increase in lovers of active and passive recreation among schoolchildren, students and youth.

Every year the Southern Urals rapidly develops the tourism sector and especially winter tourism.

Therefore, one can conclude that the Southern Urals is a promising direction for the development of winter tourism.

Bibliography

• 1. Geography of Tourism. Textbook A.Yu. Alexander2 - edition corrected. And an addition - M: KNORUS, 2009. - 592.
• 2. Alexandrova A. Yu. International tourism: Textbook / manual for universities. Moscow: Aspect Press, 2001.
• 3. Alexandrova A. Yu. The structure of the tourist market: Textbook / manual for universities. M.: Solo-Press, 2002.
• 4. Ananiev M.A. International tourism. - M.: International relations

The introduction in Russia of the institution of entrepreneurship and the Federal Law "On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation" dated August 15, 1996 gave a powerful impetus to the generation of large-scale tourist flows.

The Ural region was no exception. Organizations of the tourism industry are being created that provide their services and organize tours in Russia and abroad. Comfortable hotels offer accommodation services for guests of the Urals, both from Russia and foreign tourists and delegations.

The geographical position of the Urals, its natural and economic resources and attractions attract thousands of tourists every year. The focus of activities of enterprises in the tourism sector are regional centers: Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Izhevsk, Orenburg, Kurgan. These cities are attractive both for leisure tourists and for business trips to the region. Since the regional centers represent large industrial formations and the most important transport hubs. Political-administrative, organizational-economic, cultural-educational, scientific-research activities are concentrated in them.

The Ural Mountains are also attractive for visiting guests of the region with their fantasticness and beauty. They separate the North from the South, separate the rivers flowing to the North from the rivers flowing to the South, and are themselves the source of many of them.

Also attract tourists are mines and mines located in the Urals, extracting precious metals and stones. As well as industrial enterprises. But besides this, there are various historical, cultural and scientific sights of the Urals.

For example, the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, after whom the city in the Perm region is named. As a scientific center, the Urals is famous for its research and design institutes, which are closely connected with the life of the region, as well as Siberia and other regions of our country. All this, all the sights and values ​​of the Urals arouse great interest and attract tourists, as well as expanding business ties and cooperation. Which, in turn, leads to investments in the tourism sector of the Urals.

The tourism sector is an important component of the economic activity of the Urals, as well as Russia as a whole. In light of the current economic difficulties in the country, and directly in the Ural region, due to the reduction of heavy industry enterprises, many people were left without work. Tourism, on the other hand, provides employment for the local population, the loading of hotels and hotels, restaurants and entertainment events, and the inflow of foreign currency.

Since the tourism industry in the Urals is relatively young and developing, a significant amount of effort and money has been directed to its development. To date, hotels, boarding houses are being built in the Urals, various entertainment establishments are opening. For a better service, to meet the European standard, the aspect of training and education of personnel is very important. Work is underway in the field of cooperation between state tourism enterprises and the private sector in order to carry out the necessary training of personnel.

Thus, tourism is based on the exploitation of local tourist resources, which leads to additional income in the Urals and in the country as a whole.

After a deep economic crisis that came in connection with the exhaustion of the potential of the socialist system, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the implementation of systemic economic reforms, the Urals, like the whole of Russia, is embarking on the path of stabilization and economic growth on a new socio-economic basis.

One of the prerequisites for the development of the Ural region is investment in the so-called human capital. Most economists believe that investing in human capital is now more important than investing in physical assets. Since the presence of fixed capital without human capital does not guarantee prosperity.

Resources are another prerequisite. Although natural wealth is not regarded as a key factor in economic growth, however, the possession of large reserves of non-renewable resources is a huge advantage over other regions of Russia. The high availability of natural resources in the Urals creates good conditions for the development of a competitive raw material sector.

Resource industries - primarily the production of oil, gas and non-ferrous metals - have the greatest chance of success in Russian economic development. In the primary sectors, production is falling much more slowly than in the industry as a whole. The production of gas, aluminium, gold and diamonds practically did not decrease. The oil and gas industries are profitable and provide the lion's share of budget revenues in the form of income taxes, rent payments, and export taxes. In general, the raw material sector of the Urals is today the most competitive of all industries and has the best chance of attracting large foreign investment.

The prospects for the development of industry, heavy engineering and light industry, are still at a low level. The revival is possible on a completely new technical basis.

Since the country's economy as a whole faces the most important task - improving the sectoral structure, characterized by a high share of fuel and raw materials industries with a relatively low share of the sector of high-tech, knowledge-intensive industries and services. Then in the most important economic structures of the Urals there is an increase in the share, for example, of the electric power industry, fuel industries, metallurgy, which make up the country's export potential.

In ferrous metallurgy, in the structure of raw materials in the production of steel, the share of steel scrap decreases and the share of a less economical type of raw material - cast iron increases.

In the future, the Ural region is expected to increase output in the fuel and energy complex, metallurgy and the food industry.

In the development of the fuel and energy complex, it is planned to increase the share of natural gas, deepen oil refining, gradually increase coal production, and upgrade worn-out power equipment. In the metallurgical complex, structural changes will be associated with the introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies. In mechanical engineering and metalworking, it is planned to expand the production of technological equipment, improve the structure of production of trucks in terms of the type of fuel consumed by increasing the share of cars with diesel engines, expand the production of modern vehicles, etc. In the defense industry, the most valuable elements of the production potential will be preserved and the development of the latest weapons at a limited number of enterprises will be supported. This will preserve the best resources of the military-economic potential of the Ural region.

To maintain the competitiveness of the light industry, a number of measures are planned to reduce costs in the industry and expand the range of its products.

Another prerequisite for the development of the Ural region is the attraction of foreign investment. The prospect of a significant increase in foreign investment is also evidenced by specific facts of the expansion of foreign investors in many sectors of the economy. Significant investment is expected in the gold mining industry. But especially significant investments are made in the oil industry.

The previously issued license - permits for prospecting, exploration and production of minerals - takes the form of an agreement-contract with a clear definition of the rights and obligations of the parties and sanctions in case of violation of the obligations assumed by the person who received the license. Licenses cover the entire cycle - from the study and exploration of resources to their extraction. It is planned to maintain stability of conditions during the entire period of validity of the licenses, regardless of possible adverse changes in tax or other legislation.

Of course, one cannot rule out the fact that not all of the current plans of foreign investors will be implemented. It should also be borne in mind that the expected capital investments, for example, in the extraction of oil and gas will not be realized immediately, but over a number of years.

In general, the most important problem has been and remains the creation of the necessary conditions for free private initiative both in the industrial and production complex, and in the field of agriculture and other areas of activity. What should be achieved in the future.