What is the difference between nationality and citizenship
Jurisprudence has a large number of similar concepts. For example, the essential difference between the concepts of "citizenship" and "nationality" is hardly clear to the layman. But a professional knows that these are legal concepts that are fundamentally different from each other. But even more confusion is caused by such statuses as “citizenship” and “citizenship”. And if in a conversation with friends you can confuse them, then when submitting official documents or in a conversation with officials, such an oversight is unacceptable. Let's try to give a detailed definition for the concepts of "citizenship" and "citizenship", to find the difference between them and the legal similarity.
Citizenship is a legal concept that explains the relationship of duties and rights that bind a particular country to its inhabitants. Each of the subjects legally undertakes to comply with mutual responsibility. "Citizenship" as a legal concept appeared much later than the concept of "citizenship". It was it that laid the foundation for the formation of a definition of citizenship.
They were used in powers with a monarchical system. For example, subjects lived in the Russian Empire, while citizens lived in the Russian Federation. In fact, citizenship - a one-sided relationship of an individual to the monarch. We specify how citizenship differs from citizenship, following the political and legal terminology:
- belonging to a particular power characterizes citizenship, and loyalty and classifying oneself as the head of state characterizes citizenship;
- citizens have an insignificant political and legal status, and a citizen of the country is its main unit and has the right to realize himself in its various spheres;
- a citizen of the state has duties and rights in relation to the country and vice versa, but in the case of citizenship they are not.
As political and legal statuses "citizenship" and "citizenship" have significant distinctive features, although in many third world countries they are not separated. Citizenship in its direct interpretation is not applicable to Russian citizens. In the developed countries of the world, the word "subject" has an individual meaning. Status conditionally means membership or belonging of a particular person to a certain cultural, historical and linguistic circle of people. That is, citizenship is associated with ethnicity.
Legal status of citizens
What constitutional rights does citizenship and citizenship presuppose, are there any differences? The legal status of a subject in a monarchical state is extremely low. He is not allowed to take part in the management of society and the state (politics), claim the associated privileges, etc. He will be burdened with duties towards the ruling monarch, who will not grant him constitutional rights and freedoms.
But for citizens, the legal status is much more extensive. The Constitution of the State regulates, grants and describes their duties, rights and freedoms. The citizen has guarantees enshrined in it. At the same time, he has more privileges in the country than foreigners, stateless persons living in its territory. Such is the legal relationship between the concepts of "citizenship" and "citizenship" regulated by law and the monarch.
At the same time, the legal statuses of citizens of one power can also vary greatly. It depends on what kind of citizen we are talking about - born or naturalized. The first receives the status by birth (that is, was born in the territory of a particular country) automatically. It also passes from the parents.
Born citizens have a full package of privileges. But individuals who have passed the naturalization procedure have the right to be attached to a particular country. The process consists in proving by the person of her good attitude towards the state and the desire to become its representative. In many developed countries, a born citizen is endowed with much more privileges and rights than a naturalized one. In Russia, both native and naturalized representatives of the state have equal freedoms, duties and rights.
An interesting fact: there are citizens of the European Union in the world. Such a state does not exist on the world map. But EU citizens are those individuals who are citizens of the member states of the Union.
Citizenship and nationality: Video
Nationality and citizenship
Now the difference between citizenship and nationality of a person can be easily determined. The latter concept denotes the belonging of a person to a specific ethnic community (nationality). It does not give a person additional rights and freedoms, but only determines his nationality. In many modern European countries, the concept of "nationality" does not exist. It is more consistent with the English term "Ethnicity". In official papers, the belonging of Europeans to a particular state corresponds to the concepts of "citizenship" and "citizenship".
On the example of Russia - a multinational state - it is easier to understand the essence of the word "nationality" and its difference from citizenship. Residents of a country who have received an identity document or a passport in the Russian Federation are its legal citizens. But not all of them are Russian.
On the territory of the state live Armenians, Chechens, Tatars and people of other nationalities who do not belong to the ethnic group "Russian". Their compatriots are found in many countries of the world. If they have a desire to become a representative of the Russian Federation, they should take advantage of the loyal resettlement program prepared by the government. Let's briefly consider what conditions must be met:
- apply for participation in the program (be a relative);
- be either temporarily residing on the territory of the Russian Federation;
- obtain registration at the place of residence of a participant in the program or a relative living in the Russian Federation;
- renounce existing citizenship.
You will also need to collect a package of mandatory papers.
Obtaining citizenship in the Russian Federation
If the subject speaks Russian, it will be simplified for him. You will need to pass an oral language exam, officially renounce your previous citizenship, find a job in the country and confirm your intention to comply with the laws and procedures established by the government of the Russian Federation.
Having received the status of a citizen of the Russian Federation, a person automatically becomes a resident. The question arises, how different are the concepts of “residence” and “citizenship”? Yes, but they are minor. In the Russian Federation, a resident is a citizen who lives permanently in the country (or a person with a residence permit). Residency is a term used to refer to the duties and rights of a citizen in the areas of taxation and finance.
In Russia, the procedure for obtaining citizenship is relatively simple. Especially for people who have relatives in the country, and people without citizenship. But if an individual is seriously considering the issue, in Russian, it is worth remembering that knowledge of the national language and the rejection of the previous state affiliation are mandatory points of the procedure.
