What does the cultural heritage of Brazil mean. Brazil. Canaima National Park

Attractions in Brazil

Brazil is a country whose culture has developed under the influence of Portuguese and African traditions. Hispanic roots are also strongly felt in the historical development. The diversity of cultures directly affected the formation of tourism infrastructure, so trips around the country promise a lot of enchanting experiences. They may include visits to carnivals and festivals, visits to cultural centers or religious sites. The sights of Brazil are extremely diverse: these are architectural monuments, museums, and the famous sambadromes. Tours are conducted by highly qualified specialists familiar with the history and culture of the country. They will replenish the baggage of knowledge of tourists with fascinating stories and answer any question of interest.

What to see in Brazil first

2. Adam and Eve Falls (Iguazu)

The complex of waterfalls became a UNESCO heritage site in the 80s of the last century. "Adam and Eve" is located in Iguazu Park near the Bossetti Falls.

The waterfall "Adam and Eve" is especially beautiful on a sunny day, when millions of sprays reflect rays shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow. At the same time, the spray cloud itself rises several meters - the force of the falling water flow is so great. For tourists, solid viewing platforms are arranged here.

3. Bird Park (Foz do Iguacu)

The Bird Park is located in the municipality of Foz do Iguacu. It covers an area of ​​17 hectares. According to the plan of the organizers, the birds live here in their natural habitat. Places of accumulation of birds are surrounded by nets. Tourists have the opportunity to go inside the enclosures and admire the birds in their natural conditions.

In the park you can see all the birds living in Brazil. Experts counted about 900 species. The bird park was founded not only for tourists. Research work is constantly carried out here, the purpose of which is to create optimal conditions for the preservation of especially rare breeds. In addition to birds, in the park you can see exotic butterflies that amaze with their brightness. In addition, there are crocodiles and snakes.

As for flowering and evergreen plants, their freshness and beauty are provided with special care. The scents of freshness float in the air. You can enjoy this attraction of Brazil as part of an organized tour.

4. Wanda Mines (Puerto Iguazu)

The mine is located near the city of Puerto Iguazu. This is an extensive deposit of semi-precious stones. If the question is what to visit in Brazil, then the Vanda mine is a good option to replenish your baggage of impressions. The mine is named after the Polish princess Wanda. The unique deposit was discovered in 1976.

The mine is rich in minerals. Here, in particular, agate, topaz, rock crystal, quartz and some others are mined. Most of the semi-precious stones mined in the mine are raw materials for jewelry production. To attract tourists, there are several special shops nearby that sell jewelry with minerals and stones mined here.

No less interesting for tourists will be the process of mining stones. During the tour you can get acquainted with their diversity. Guides interestingly tell how many forms of stones are found here, as well as what colors prevail in them.

5. Pantanal (Mato Grosso do Sul)

In the western part of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, there is a picturesque tectonic depression. Pantanal in translation means "wet lowland". There are very few such large wetlands on the planet. The approximate area is 195,000 square kilometers.

During the flood season, the Pantanal turns into a beautiful lake. However, winter droughts come, and an overgrown swamp and sandbanks appear on the site of the lake. In addition, during the winter droughts, grassy areas and wandering riverbeds can be seen at this place. At the same time, the flora here is extremely diverse, which makes it possible to attribute the Pantanal to the natural attractions of Brazil.

650 species of birds and more than 50 species of reptiles have been recorded here. The plant world is represented by 3,500 plant species. This is a protected natural area, which is declared a UNESCO site. On three sides, the Pantanal is sharply limited by cliffs and gorges of the plateau. The relief here is as contrasting as the weather conditions.

Check out the beautiful places in Brazil in this wonderful video!

6. Devil's Throat

There is a unique set of waterfalls on the Iguazu River. There are 275 of them here. The most impressive is the 700-meter ledge, which has a horseshoe shape. Devil's Throat Falls consists of 14 streams of water that continuously fall from a height of 350 feet.

The waterfall is in a huge cloud of spray sparkling in the sun. The "Devil's Throat" was opened to the Western world in 1541 by the famous traveler Eldorado Cabeza de Vaca. The strength and power of the waterfall will be of interest to those who are thinking about what to see in Brazil. The observation decks here are very strong, there is no danger for tourists. Multi-stage platforms stretch for many kilometers, which makes it possible to admire this landmark of Brazil at any time.

History has kept a rave review E. Roosevelt who was stunned by the majestic picture of the waterfall. Seeing him, Eleanor said in shock: "Pitiful Niagara." It is better to view the waterfall from a helicopter, when all the streams of water are open in one panorama.

7. Sugar Loaf Mountain (Rio de Janeiro)

The mountain has a height of 396 meters. It rises majestically over the Gulf of Guanabara and is a natural landmark of Brazil. The unusual shape of the mountain was the reason for the original name. The locals call it Pan di Asukar, which means "sugar loaf". What caused such an unusual shape of the mountain?

It turns out that intrusive igneous rocks have weathered here for centuries. There is practically no vegetation on the slopes of the mountain. From the outside, she looks stern and ascetic. The first settlement at the foot of the mountain appeared in 1565. It was here that Rio de Janeiro was later founded.

In 1817, the British flag appeared on top of Sugar Mountain. He was hoisted by an English nurse, Henrietta Carstairs. This was the first ascent of the mountain. And already in 1912 a cable car appeared here. It is available to travelers at the present time.

Anyone who is thinking about what to see in Brazil will be interested in climbing the cable car to Sugar Mountain with three stops: Praia Vermelha, Urca and Pan de Azucar. At the same time, on Mount Urca you can admire the amphitheater. The concert complex Concha Verde on Urca often hosts dance shows that are so loved in Brazil.

8. Amazon rainforest

Brazil's natural attractions include the Amazon forests. They have a second name - Amazonia, which is more common in Brazil. These are deciduous forests with high humidity. The Amazon is located in the basin of the river of the same name. Powerful evergreen forests cover an area of ​​5.5 million square kilometers.

This is 50% of the area of ​​all tropical forests on the planet. Amazonia extends over the territory of 9 states, including - in Brazil. The biodiversity of moist forests has always attracted travelers and tourists.

Currently, 40,000 plant species and 3,000 fish species have been described, but scientists tend to believe that this is not complete data. The fauna of the Amazon is also rich, and many predators live in tropical broad-leaved forests, which pose a serious danger to humans. Among them are the jaguar and the caiman. In addition, there are many poisonous snakes in the rainforests, so independent travel here is undesirable.

Unfortunately, the Amazonian forests are rapidly shrinking. There are statistics according to which only from 1991 to 2004 forest areas decreased by more than 400,000 square kilometers. Cutting down is carried out haphazardly, the state is not always able to control this process.

The reason for the felling is the clearing of the territory for agriculture. However, at present, the situation has been somewhat optimized, since Greenpeace and many public organizations have actively joined in the conservation of tropical forests.

9. Pedra Pintada (Roraima State)

In the Brazilian state of Roraima, there is an amazing rock formation. In translation, the name Pedra Pintada is read as "painted stone." From the side, it looks multi-colored, and vertical light stripes on a dark background prevail in the color. The rock extends up to 35 m. It is located above sea level at an altitude of 83 meters.

Tourists have something to see in Brazil. Inside the "painted stone" is a cave with rock paintings. Once upon a time, ancient tribes lived here, leaving stone axes and a lot of ceramic utensils to their descendants. It should be noted that not always tourists have the opportunity to get into this cave. The fact is that Pedra Pintada (“painted stone”) is located on the territory of an Indian reservation.

The Indians are jealous of this landmark of Brazil, which is located on their lands. For tourism or other purposes, it is possible to enter the cave only with the permission of the National Fund of Indians FUNAI. If permission is obtained, then vivid impressions are guaranteed to travelers. After all, the rock paintings inside the cave are made with bright white and pink paint.

10. Ibirapuera Park (Sao Paulo)

Wondering what to see in Brazil? Of course, Ibirapuera Park in Sao Paulo. It covers an area of ​​140 hectares. The park was founded in 1954. Its opening took place in honor of the 400th anniversary of Sao Paulo. The author of the landscape project was Roberto Burle Marx, and the buildings located in the park were designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer.

Tourists are constantly admired not only by the park vegetation, but also by its very structure. In fact, this is a small kingdom that has palaces, lakes and forests. At the entrance to the park lies the largest lake. White and black swans sway on its waters. Here, plump geese and ducks swim nearby. One of the pleasures for visitors to the park was the opportunity to feed them.

Birds are accustomed to treats and swim close to people. There are multi-colored fountains with moving jets on the lake. The vegetation here is very diverse. For example, the park has Japanese gardens and sprawling palm groves. In fact, the whole nature of the southeastern part of Brazil is represented here. The structure of the park is thought out in such a way that the buildings fit organically into the landscape.

Therefore, in general, the park gives the impression of complete harmony. Among the iconic monuments is the monument to Pedro Alvarez Cabral, who is the first European to reach the coast of Brazil. The park looks very romantic, so dates are often arranged here. It is impossible to consider that the sights of Brazil have been visited if you have not met this beautiful place.

Things to do in Brazil: what else to visit while in Brazil

Continuing to consider interesting places, we will talk about those that attract tourists and local residents equally. It is most convenient if you are accompanied by professionals who know the optimal time for visiting attractions and other subtleties of organizing excursions.

11. Botanical Garden in Rio de Janeiro

All the enchanting variety of Brazilian flora and fauna is presented in the Botanical Garden. It occupies 54 hectares. 6.5 thousand species of plantations are registered here. At the same time, those that are on the verge of extinction are especially valued. In addition to rich vegetation, there are monuments and architectural structures in the Botanical Garden.

In addition, a scientific center operates on the territory of the Botanical Garden to systematize and study vegetation. It has a rich library. The books in it are selected mainly on botanical topics. The year of foundation of the Botanical Garden is 1808. Initially, it was created so that exotic plants imported from other countries could undergo acclimatization.

For this, special conditions were created for them, greenhouses were built. The garden was laid out at the behest of King João VI. It crowns the sights of Brazil and is a national treasure. The Botanical Garden is located on the right hand side of the famous statue of Christ. Since 1992, the Botanical Park in Rio de Janeiro has been declared a UNESCO site. It is currently considered a biosphere reserve.

12. Copacabana (Rio de Janeiro)

The beach area of ​​Copacabana in Rio de Janeiro stretches for 4 kilometers. Previously, this place was a fishing village, which bore the same name. In translation, this word means "bright spot." Copacabana is known for being home to representatives of the art world. Brazilian artists, writers or artists often settled here.

Copacabana reached its peak in the 1950s. And later, wealthy citizens and politicians began to settle in this area. This area is connected to Rio de Janeiro by a tram line.

The founding year of Copacabana is considered to be 1750, when a chapel appeared on this site. Over time, the first settlements began to appear here, which have now turned into an independent suburb of Rio de Janeiro.

In our time, the prestige of Copacabana has declined significantly due to the fact that illegal business has begun to flourish here. However, it is in Copacabana that the largest concert venue in Rio de Janeiro is located. The concert of Rod Stewart in 1994 gathered more than 4 million people, which is noted in the Guinness Book of Records. Later, in 2006, a concert was held here with the same incredible success. Rolling Stones, which brought together approximately 2,000,000 spectators. Copacabana still carries the spirit of free creativity.

13. Maracana Stadium (Rio de Janeiro)

Attractions in Brazil include sports facilities. These include the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro. It is the largest football stadium in the country. The famous clubs Flamengo, Fluminense and the Brazilian national team consider it their home arena.

The stadium was named after the nearby river. The year of its foundation is 1948. Then Brazil was preparing for the 1950 World Cup. The work was finally completed in 1965. Since then, Maracanã has been considered the main Brazilian stadium.

This is a very spacious venue, the stadium holds several attendance records. It is built in the shape of an oval. It is noteworthy that here the playing field is separated from the stands by a moat with water. The purpose of the moat is to drain from the stands. The stadium is located in a zone of tropical rainfall, so the installation of drainage ditches is a functional necessity.

The stadium is open, but a large oval-shaped canopy was arranged along the contour of the stands. In 2016, the stadium hosted the grand opening of the Summer Olympics. All football matches within the framework of the 2016 Olympics were also held at this stadium.

14. Ponta Dunas Water Park (Fortaleza)

Fortaleza is home to one of the largest Brazilian water parks. Ponta Dunas is a favorite summer attraction for tourists. Countless dizzying attractions attract vacationers here. Slides and extreme descents in the streams of water, from which the heart stops, are a guarantee of the most vivid impressions. Ponta Dunas completes the sights of Brazil . It delights with thoughtful engineering solutions and gushing imagination of the creators.

For example, it is on the territory of this water park that there is a slide, which is included in the Guinness Book of Records. From the outside, it’s scary to imagine that someone will decide to go down, because the slide reaches the level of a 14-story building. However, the hill is never empty. Dozens of brave daredevils, who are characterized by the spirit of excitement, rush from it. A fair dose of adrenaline is provided to them!

Nearby is a 40-meter slide, it was built later, so the world record has not yet been announced. The descent from it is almost vertical. Surprisingly, it is never empty either. The organizers have provided a system of restrictions for such rides. Pregnant women and children below one and a half meters cannot ride them.

The territory of Ponta Dunas is huge. Moreover, the height of local attractions allows you to admire the expanses of the sea, because the water park is located in the coastal strip. For tourists, everything is provided here: from food to places for a relaxing holiday. Cafes and restaurants offer an exquisite menu. Tired of extreme pleasures, tourists are offered calm and comfortable rooms in the hotel.

Several artificial rivers flow through the park. It has pools of different depths. Moreover, each pool has its own temperature balance. In South America, Ponta Dunas is the first such structure.

15. Gastronomic Museum (Salvador)

What to visit in Brazil? For lovers of delicacies, the gastronomic museum in El Salvador is a real find. The exposition here is very unusual. It is entirely dedicated to gastronomic wisdom. Here you can get acquainted with the history of Brazilian cuisine and national customs. The museum opened in 2006.

In addition to classical exhibits, you can watch video materials. In addition, the guides offer documentary films dedicated to the gastronomic features of Brazil. Also, tourists are constantly interested in cutlery dating back to different centuries.

There is also a souvenir shop here. And since the exposition tells a fascinating story about food, the local restaurant is never empty. Here you can taste many dishes from those described in the museum.

16. Portuguese Royal Library (Rio de Janeiro)

An old, very recognizable monumental building can hardly be called just a library. This is a real temple of science, the grandeur of which is striking both from the outside and especially from the inside, when you find yourself in the realm of books placed on amazingly beautiful shelves made of carved wood. And in general, absolutely all the interior decoration is made of wood - carved lace from the floor to the ceiling alternates with thousands of books, and the ceiling space is crowned with a magnificent mosaic, through the colored glass of which light enters the room. The building, decorated in the Manueline style, began to be erected in 1880, and in 1900 the library opened its doors to the general public.

17. Theater Amazonas (Manaus)

In the very center of the Brazilian city of Manaus is the building of the opera house - Amazonas, built at the end of the 19th century, during the period of "rubber fever". The increased demand for rubber once allowed local planters to get rich enough to invite European opera stars. Over time, England was able to establish rubber production in its tropical colonies, and with the advent of a competitor, the Brazilian planters went bankrupt pretty quickly. The theater was abandoned for many years, and only in the 90s of the last century did it experience a new heyday. Today, within its walls, the Amazonian Opera Festival is held annually, which attracts thousands of tourists.

18. Museum of Modern Art (Rio de Janeiro)

The sights of the Brazilian capital, which Rio de Janeiro is still considered to this day, despite the fact that the city lost this status back in 1960, include not only historical, but also modern objects. The building of the Museum of Modern Art, resembling a flying saucer in its shape, is remembered by all visitors by its very appearance. Both the facade and the interior design of the museum are distinguished by their originality. The museum exposition itself was created as a result of a large-scale cultural and economic upheaval that Brazil experienced after the Second World War. The collection exhibits works of contemporary art collected from different countries. These are objects of painting, sculpture, graphics, metal and plastic constructions.

19. Carnival in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro)

If we talk about the national attractions of Brazil, the carnival in Rio is their most striking example. This event can be called one of the most colorful, enchanting, large-scale events in the whole world. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people from different countries come to the holiday to personally participate in the celebration. Traditionally, the action takes place in February-March, shortly before Lent according to the Catholic calendar. During the event, representatives of the 12 best samba schools demonstrate the skill of incendiary dance, and jury groups located at several points along the route of the carnival procession at this time evaluate the quality of performance, from the dance technique to the look of the costumes.

20. City of Ouro Preto (State of Minas Gerais)

The ancient city in the east of Brazil was once one of the main centers of the "gold rush" in South America, and evidence of its importance today is a number of unique buildings, most of which were built in the 18th century and decorated in the colonial baroque style. Today, the town has become a real open-air museum, and traffic is even blocked in its historical part. Among all the city buildings, the Ouro Preto Catholic Church stands out, and a huge number of museums are concentrated here. Of no less interest is the suburban Itacolomi Park, in the tropical forests of which you can see wildlife in its pristine beauty.

21. Olinda Historic Center (Pernambuco)

According to the buildings of the historical center of one of the most beautiful Brazilian cities - Olinda, the history of Brazil is read, starting from the time of the first Portuguese colonizers. This authentic city in the northeast of the country was founded in the 16th century. At that time, the colonialists settled here, and the city they built flourished for a century. During the raids of the Dutch invaders, it was seriously destroyed, and after another couple of decades, the power of the Portuguese was restored, and new beautiful palaces and rich mansions were erected here - it was they who for the most part survived to our times. Elegant stucco, rich gilding and other rich decor of the facades of these buildings still impress with their splendor.

22. Church of San Francisco (El Salvador)

Another object of historical value is located in the city of Salvador - this is the Church of San Francisco, also built in the era of Portuguese colonial rule. The external, moderately restrained appearance of the building contrasts strongly with its interior decoration, the richness of which is even difficult to describe. Literally the entire temple is covered with gold from the inside, an unusual abundance of gilded carved elements, paintings and sculptures is impressive - their golden highlights amaze the most sophisticated imagination. It is thanks to this decoration that the temple received its second name - the “golden church”. The building itself is decorated in the best traditions of the Brazilian Baroque.

23. Octavio Frias de Oliveira Bridge (Sao Paulo)

Visiting Sao Paulo , you can see with your own eyes one of the most unusual and modern structures in the country - the bridge of Octavio Frias de Oliveira. For visitors, this is a unique attraction, where you can take original photos, and for local residents, it is an important transport artery of the city. The main visual features of the structure are a characteristic X-shaped 138-meter support, the main function of which is to support two levels of the transport highway, as well as 144 powerful cables holding the transport canvas. The construction of the bridge started in 2006, and two years later its grand opening took place.

24. Mount Corcovado (Rio de Janeiro)

Brazil, whose capital today is the city of Brasilia, still keeps the bulk of the sights in its former capital, the city of Rio de Janeiro. One of the symbols of Rio and the whole country is the monumental statue of Christ the Redeemer, thanks to which Mount Corcovado became famous all over the world - it is on its top that a colossal 40-meter sculpture of the Savior rises. The mountain itself is located on the territory of the Tijuca National Park. A railway of a special design leads to its top - it has a gearing, which is necessary for the safe coupling of the train with the rails on a steep slope. Three trains run regularly along this track, which provide visitors to the mountain with a quick climb to the top in 20 minutes.

25. Elevator Lacerda (El Salvador)

One of the most notable sights of the city of Salvador is its unusual Lacerda lift, which serves as a public transport. The fact is that the city itself, located on the ocean coast, has a strong elevation difference, starting from the coast to the depths of the mainland. Therefore, for ease of movement, a kind of elevator was created that connects Cairo Square in the Lower City and Souza Square in the Upper City. It consists of two towers - one contains elevator cabins, the other, located in the rock, has counterweights. Every day, about 28 thousand passengers get from one part of the city to another thanks to the lift.

26. Ipanema Beach (Rio de Janeiro)

A heavenly place with a hot southern mentality and a bright national color - all this temperamental Brazil. The sights of Rio de Janeiro delight not only with cultural sites, enchanting holidays, but also with unusually beautiful nature, including beautiful sea beaches. Among them is the romantic beach of Ipanema, a place of exclusive relaxation and contemplation of beautiful views of the sunset. If we compare this place with the first most important beach of Copacabana, it can be noted that Ipanema is distinguished by calmness and serenity. At the same time, lovers of entertainment will find something to their liking here - ideal conditions for surfing are created on the beach, you can play football, volleyball and footvolley.

27. Beaches of Salvador (El Salvador)

Fans of wild holidays will certainly like the picturesque, little-known beaches, which can be called one of the most beautiful in Latin America. These are truly heavenly lands - many kilometers of sandy coastline is adjacent to hundreds of palm trees and other abundant vegetation. A small number of campsites, a few small restaurants and bars - this is all that can be found from the signs of civilization in these places. But there are excellent opportunities for surfing, other sports, serene swimming in gentle waves, as well as natural pools for a relaxing holiday.

28. Lencois Maranhensis National Park (Marian State, Barreirinhas)

For fans of natural attractions in Brazil, there are plenty of opportunities to contemplate the most dizzying landscapes. Many sights of Argentina and Brazil are located on the border of these two neighboring countries. These, for example, include the large-scale Iguazu Falls, which have become the property of two states. Most natural objects are located on the territory of nature reserves. Among such places is the most beautiful Lencois-Maranhensis National Park, which strikes the imagination with its mysterious nature - its entire territory is covered with snow-white sands, but this is by no means a desert. Heavy rains periodically pass here, forming lagoons of incredible blue, turquoise and green colors between the rows of sand dunes.

29. Serra da Capivara National Park (Piaui State)

A unique reserve of archaeological sites is located in the northeastern part of the country - this is the Serra da Capivara National Park. The rocks located on its territory store numerous evidence of the cultural development of mankind - in their caves you can see unique examples of ancient rock art depicting scenes from the life of prehistoric people. These lands officially became protected in 1979, when a Brazilian woman archaeologist organized the first excavations here, as a result of which dwellings and burials of an ancient person were found, as well as jewelry, objects of labor and works of art. To this day, archaeological research continues in this region and new discoveries are made.

30. Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco)

350 kilometers from the northeast coast of the country in the Atlantic Ocean there is an archipelago of volcanic nature, consisting of 21 islands, and one of them, the largest, gave the name to the entire archipelago. This is the island of Fernando de Noronha, which was once given into the possession of a wealthy Lisbon merchant. The islands of the archipelago have a wonderful, warm tropical climate, with a dry season from August to January. Here you can see several ancient buildings - for example, a historic church or palace, as well as Portuguese colonial-style villages. The stunning beaches of the island are ideal for relaxation, diving and sailing.

First of all, with detailed planning, and on the principle of "do not pass by." But sometimes I also organize targeted expeditions to one or more places that deserve the special attention of this competent organization. And you don’t have to regret it, what you see always justifies expectations. In total, there are already more than a thousand such objects on the planet, which are classified as natural or cultural-historical. The list is movable, more and more new lines are added to it, but some, unfortunately, are deleted, not all of the heritage can be preserved.

The Brazilian part currently consists of 18 elements, I give them according to the chronology of inclusion, and indicating the number by which you can find a detailed description on the UNESCO website (link above):

(1) Historic City of Ouru Preto, 1980, number 124.

(2) Olinda Historic Center, 1982, number 189.

(3) Ruins of the Jesuit Redoubt Missions of San Miguel das Missois, 1984, number 275.

(4) Salvador de Bahia Historic Center, 1985, number 309.

(5) Church complex of Bon Jesus do Congonhas, 1985, number 334.

(6) Iguazu National Park, 1986, number 355.

(7) City of Brasilia, 1987, number 445.

(8) Serra da Capivara National Park, 1991, number 606.

(9) San Luis Historic Center Maranyau, 1997, number 821.

(10) Forest reserves of the southeast Atlantic coast (S. Paulo - S. Parana, 1999, number 893.

(11) Eastern Atlantic Forest Reserves ("Coast of discovery"), 1999, number 892.

(12) Diamantina Historic Center, 1999, number 890.

(13) Complex of reserves of the Central Amazon, 2000, number 998.

(14) Pantanal Protected Area and Adjacent Protected Areas, 2000, number 999.

(15) Brazilian Islands in the Atlantic: Fernando de Noronha, 2001, number 1000.

(16) National Parks Zone"campos cerrado": Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas, 2001, number 1035.

(17) Goyas Historic Center, 2001, number 993.

(18) San Francisco Square in San Cristovao, EA Sergipe, 2010, number 1272.

Despite the diverse natural wealth, including vast expanses of equatorial and tropical jungles and thousands of kilometers of magnificent coastline, as well as the partially deserved fame of the "country of little wild monkeys", nature reserves here are in the minority, there are only 7 of them against 11 cultural and historical monuments. This looks even more strange when you consider that the colonial history of Brazil is rather short, and traces of developed pre-Columbian civilizations have not yet been found on its territory. But such is the systematic work of this UNESCO committee, the criteria for inclusion in the list for these two categories are completely different, and these proportions quite consistent with the general trend.

Continuation: .

Brazil UNESCO World Heritage List (19)
Cultural

City of Brasilia (1987)

Brasilia, the capital, founded on a previously empty site in the heart of the country in 1956, has become a significant object in the history of urban planning. Urban planner Lucio Costa and architect Oscar Niemeyer believed that every element, from the layout of residential and administrative districts to the symmetrical design of the buildings themselves, should be in harmony with the overall design concept of the city (with its layout, the city resembles a flying bird). The innovative architecture of the capital's official buildings is impressive.

Historic City Center of Salvador de Bahia (1985)

Historic center of Salvador de Bahia
From 1549-1763, the first capital of Brazil, Salvador de Bahia became a melting pot of European, African and American cultures. Beginning in 1558, the city was the first market in the New World to trade in slaves brought to work on the sugar plantations. The city has preserved a large number of outstanding buildings in the Renaissance style. A feature of the old part of the city are buildings of different colors, with interesting stucco moldings.

Historic Downtown San Luis (1997)

Historic Downtown San Luis
The core of this historic city, founded in the 17th century, founded by the French, then occupied by the Dutch and finally passed to the Portuguese, has preserved the original rectangular layout intact. Due to economic stagnation at the beginning of the 20th century, most of the historical buildings have survived to this day, which makes San Luis an outstanding example of an Iberian-type colonial city.

Diamantina Historic Center (1999)

Diamantina Historic Center
Diamantina, a colonial settlement surrounded by rugged rocky mountains, recreates the life of the era of diamond prospectors in the 18th century. The city is a symbol of the triumph of cultural and artistic activity of a person who lived in adverse natural conditions.

Historic City Center of Goiás (2001)

The city of Goias is a witness to the development and colonization of the central part of Brazil in the 18th-19th centuries. The layout of the city is an example of the organic development of a mining settlement, well adapted to the conditions of the area. The public and private architecture of the city is modest, but forms a harmonious whole through the use of local materials and traditional building techniques.

Olinda Historic Center (1982)

The history of this city, founded in the 16th century by the Portuguese, is connected with the production of cane sugar. The urban development, restored after the sack of the city by the Dutch, belongs mainly to the 18th century. The harmonious combination of buildings, gardens, 20 baroque churches, monasteries and many small "passos" (chapels) contribute to the special charm of Olinda.

Ouro Preto Historic City (1980)

Founded at the end of the 17th century, the city of Ouro Preto (“Black Gold”) became the main focus of the “gold rush” in the 18th century, which then led to the onset of the “golden age” of Brazil. After the depletion of the gold mines in the 19th century, the city's importance declined, but the many churches, bridges and fountains remain a testament to its past prosperity and the exceptional talent of the Baroque sculptor Aleijadinho.

Jesuit missions in the lands of the Guarani Indians: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria la Mayor (Argentina); ruins of San Miguel das Misoins (Brazil) (1983)

The ruins of San Miguel das Misoins in Brazil, as well as San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria la Mayor in Argentina, are in the midst of the rainforest. These are the impressive remains of five Jesuit missions built on the lands of the Guarani Indians during the 17th and 18th centuries. Each of them has a specific layout and a different degree of preservation.

Rio de Janeiro (2012)

World Heritage Sites include the Rio de Janeiro coastline with Copacabana Beach, Sugar Loaf Mountain and Christ the Redeemer statue.

Church complex of Bon Jesus do Congonhas (1985)

The church complex of Bon Jesus do Congonhas, built in the second half of the 18th century in the state of Minas Gerais south of Belo Horizonte, consists of a church with a luxurious rococo interior, an external staircase decorated with statues of the prophets, and seven chapels dedicated to stops on the way to the place of the crucifixion of Christ. Their multi-coloured sculptures by Aleijadinho are prime examples of original, expressive baroque art forms.

Plaza San Francisco in the city of San Cristovao (2010)

Piazza San Francisco in the city of San Cristovao is a quadrangular open space surrounded by the monumental buildings of the Church of St. Francis and the monastery, the church and Santa Casa da Misericordia, a provincial-style palace and other buildings belonging to various historical periods. This monumental ensemble and the surrounding eighteenth and nineteenth century houses create an urban landscape that reflects the history of the city since its inception. It is an example of a typical architecture of a religious nature that has developed in northeastern Brazil.

Serra da Capivara National Park (1991)

Among the numerous rocky shelters in the Serra da Capivara National Park, caves stand out, decorated with murals, which in some cases are more than 25 thousand years old. They are outstanding proof of the existence of one of the most ancient human communities in South America.

Natural
South East Atlantic Coast Forest Reserves (1999)

The forest reserves of the southeastern Atlantic coast are the largest and most preserved tracts of Atlantic forests in all of Brazil. 25 forest reserves with a total area of ​​470 thousand hectares, lying on the coast of the ocean in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, show a rich biodiversity and illustrate the evolution of the surviving virgin forests. The territory includes a wide range of different ecosystems (mountains covered with dense thickets, wetlands, dune complexes, islands) and stands out for its special picturesqueness.

Brazilian Islands in the Atlantic: Fernando de Noronha and Rocas Atoll (2001)

Brazilian Islands in the Atlantic: Fernando de Noronha and Rocas Atoll
The Fernando de Noronha archipelago and the Rocas Atoll, which are the peaks of the underwater South Atlantic Ridge that come to the surface of the ocean, lie off the eastern coast of Brazil. These islands are among the largest in this part of the Atlantic, and their coastal waters are highly bio-productive and play an exceptional role as habitats and breeding grounds for tuna, sharks, sea turtles and marine mammals. The largest concentrations of marine tropical birds in the Western Atlantic have been noted on the islands; there is also a large local population of dolphins. During low tides on Rocas Atoll, you can observe an impressive picture: shallow lagoons teeming with fish.

Reserve of the Central Amazon (2000)

The Central Amazon Reserve is the largest complex of protected natural areas in the entire Amazon basin (6 million hectares) in terms of biodiversity - one of the richest regions on the planet. Lakes and streams form a mosaic and constantly evolving aquatic system that is home to the world's largest population of electric eels. Rare and endangered species include the Amazonian manatee, black caiman, two species of river dolphins, and the giant arapaima fish.

Campos Cerrado National Parks: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas (2001)

The flora and fauna of the two national parks that make up this World Heritage Site are typical of the forested savannah area, the "campos cerrado". This special type of savanna is recognized as one of the richest in biodiversity and one of the oldest ecosystems in the time of its formation in the tropical belt. For thousands of years, these places have acted as a refuge for various species of animals and plants, especially during periods of sharp climatic changes. It is believed that in the future they will also be able to act as centers for maintaining the biodiversity of the Campos-Cerrado savannahs.

East Atlantic Coast Forest Reserves (1999)

Eight protected natural areas (including three national parks) with a total area of ​​112,000 hectares are located in the states of Bahia and Espirito Santo and include Atlantic rainforests and bushes (“restinga”). In terms of biodiversity, this area is one of the richest on the planet. A number of endemic species live in the reserves, which makes it possible to trace the evolutionary path of living organisms, and this, in turn, is of great importance both from a scientific and environmental point of view.

Iguazu National Park (1986)

On the territory of this park there is one of the most grandiose waterfalls in the world with a front of falling water of 2.7 kilometers. A number of rare and endangered species of plants and animals have been noted here, incl. giant otter and giant anteater. In the area irrigated by the spray of the waterfall, lush vegetation grows.

Pantanal Reserve (2000)

Four nature reserves have a total area of ​​187.8 thousand hectares. They are located in the west of Central Brazil, in the southwestern part of the state of Mato Grosso, and make up 1.3% of the total area of ​​the Pantanal, one of the world's largest arrays of wetlands. Here are the sources of the two largest rivers of this region - Cuiaba and Paraguay, and the abundance and species diversity of plants and animals are exceptionally high.

At the end of 2008, 120 Latin American sites were included in the UNESCO List, which are located in 30 countries of this region. Most of them are in Mexico (28), Brazil (16) and Peru (10).
Of the total number of objects, the vast majority (82) belong to the category of cultural heritage objects. Chronologically, they cover the period of time from the second millennium BC to the present day. But for the most part, they represent the periods of the Middle Ages and modern times. Accordingly, they can be divided into pre-Columbian and post-Columbian objects.
The objects of the pre-Columbian era mainly include the legacy of the three already mentioned Latin American civilizations. In Meso-America, these are such world-famous monuments of the Maya Indians as the ruins of the cities of Palenque, Chichen Itza, Uxmal in Mexico, on the Yucatan Peninsula, Copan in Honduras, as well as monuments of the time of the Aztecs in Central Mexico (Teotihuacan). They are characterized by such monumental structures as step pyramids-teokalli, palaces of rulers, steles, ball courts. Most of them were discovered in the XIX century. and now attract many tourists. In the Andean region, many objects in Peru belong to the pre-Columbian era (including the famous mysterious geoglyphs of the Nazca desert, fragments of the ancient Inca capital of Cusco), in Colombia (the archaeological parks of San Agustin and Tierradentro), in Bolivia (the archaeological area of ​​Tiwanaku near Lake. Titicaca). With a certain degree of conventionality, another world-famous heritage site can be attributed to the Andean region - stone statues of Fr. Easters in the Pacific described by Thor Heyerdahl and many other travelers and explorers.


The post-Columbian era, associated mainly with the Spanish and Portuguese colonization of Central and South America after the beginning of the Great geographical discoveries, was also widely reflected in the cultural heritage of Latin America (Fig. 243). The objects of this era include mainly cities with a rectangular layout characteristic of Spanish architecture of that time, a central square (“plaza mayor”), numerous Catholic cathedrals and monasteries, and palaces of the nobility. In the West Indies, for example, the city of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, associated with the name of Columbus, the old part of Havana with its fortifications in Cuba, in Central America - the historical centers of the cities of Mexico City, Puebla and some others in Mexico, as well as cities and fortresses in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama. Of the Spanish heritage of this era in South America, the most famous are the monuments of Cartagena in Venezuela, Quito in Ecuador, Cusco in Peru, the mining city of Potosí in Bolivia. The legacy of the colonial empire of Portugal is widely represented in Brazil (the cities of Salvador, Olinda, Ouro Preto, etc.).
The objects of the newest time in the region include the already mentioned new capital of Brazil - the city of Brasilia, designed and built by Brazilian architects Luis Costa and Oscar Niemeyer and having the symbolic shape of an airplane with a "fuselage" and "wings" in plan. This is one of the most grandiose and organic in design and execution of urban planning projects of the 20th century.
There are 35 World Natural Heritage Sites in Latin America. These are mainly national parks and reserves. Among them there are such famous ones as Iguazu in Brazil and Argentina, Los Glaciares in Argentina, Manu in Peru, Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. And among the mixed cultural and natural objects here are the ruins of the Mayan city of Tikal in Guatemala, the Inca mountain fortresses of Machu Picchu and Rio Abysseo in Peru.

Brazil is one of the largest countries in the world and most of the country is in the tropics.As such, it contains a vast array of very interesting geological and biological attractions, including the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest.

Brazil is full of unexpected discoveries. This is the birthplace of football, coffee, TV series and capoeira. Among the Brazilians are many personalities known throughout the world: athletes, writers, top models, inventors, architects and religious figures. Sao Paulo attracts travelers from all over the world. The unique Cathedral of this city is decorated with coffee beans. National Park "Karakol" will delight not only with marvelous views, but also with intoxicating smells, because it is buried in blooming hydrangeas. Tourists rush to these parts,
to see the amazing beauty of the waterfall.

Top 10 Tourist Attractions in Brazil

1. Statue of Christ the Redeemer(Christ the Redeemer)

Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro is the most famous statue of Jesus in the world and the symbol of Rio, as well as the main attraction of Brazil.

The idea of ​​placing a large Christian monument atop Rio's Corcovado mountain dates back to 1850.when a local Catholic priest asked Princess Isabella for money to build a monument, but she refused. Construction began only in 1926 and ended in 1931.

Christ the Redeemer considered to be the largest Art Deco statue in the world. It is the 5th largest statue of Jesus in the world with a height of 30 meters, not including the 8-meter pedestal. The statue's arms are spread out 28 meters wide. Christ the Redeemer located on top of the 700-meter Corcovado mountain.

2. Iguaçu Falls

One of the most impressive attractions in Brazil, the Iguazu Falls are simply amazing, with about 275 waterfalls located on a stretch of 3 kilometers. This is a real miracle of nature. The impressive natural power and noise from the cascades of the waterfalls will remain in your memory for a long time, not to mention the jungle that surrounds the waterfalls. In the area of ​​the Iguazu Falls, the borders of 3 states, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay converge.

The Iguazu Falls are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

3. Amazon (Amazon River)

The Amazon has the largest water basin in the world, covering almost half of South America. The Amazon is the second longest river in the world formed by the confluence of rivers Maranion and Ucayali. Amazon river basin is home to a variety of Native American cultures, as well as the habitat of a huge number of wild animals and impenetrable jungle.

4. Rio Carnival

Brazil and carnival, these are synonymous words, it is difficult to imagine Brazil without carnival. Carnivals in Brazil are held in every corner, no The biggest and most famous carnival is undoubtedly the Carnival inRio de Janeiro. Rio Carnival draws two million people a day to the streets of the city and almost half of them are tourists. Carnival in Rio lasts 4 days.Carnival in Rio these days is everywhere, on the streets and squares, in bars and clubs and in all other corners of Rio.

5. Pantanal

A large tectonic depression in Brazil that is almost completely swampy is the Pantanal. The Pantanal is located in the Paraguay River Basin and is one of the world's largest and most diversified freshwater wetland ecosystems.The Pantanal is also one of the major tourist attractions in Brazil. It is believed that the Pantanal in Brazil is the best place to see wild animals.

6 Salvador Beaches

The colorful city of Salvador is a jewel of cultural identity Brazil . While Rio in the south has become a cosmopolitan center, El Salvador has retained a strong cultural identity. Founded in 1549, El Salvador was the capital during the heyday of the slave trade.

One of the central beaches of El Salvador is Porto de Barra, this beach is perfect for relaxing, splashing in the sea and sunbathing. Farol da Barra Beach has great views, especially during sunset, and is also very popular with surfers due to its high waves. Beach Plakaford created by nature for family holidays, herecalm waters and soft sandy beaches. TO South of the city, there are many beautiful beaches which include Tinhare and Boipeba beaches.

The historic center of the city is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

7. Historic Center of Olinda

After its founding in 1535 by the Portuguese navigator Duarte Coelho, Olinda quickly became a prosperous city thanks to the sugar trade. Sugar at that time was in great demand on the international market and when the city was at the peak of its participation in the sugar market, several religious orders, including the Jesuit order, settled in Olinda, thanks to which the city has many monasteries and churches, as well as a beautiful historical the center of the city, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

8. Fernando de Noronha

Fernando de Noronha is archipelago out of 21 islands And islets VAtlantic Ocean. Its clean beaches, scenery and wildlife attract tourists from all over the world. The island is also home to one of the largest seabird nesting colonies in the South Atlantic. a unique ecological clean place is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and most of the archipelago is located in the National Marine Park of Brazil.

The archipelago was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512), an Italian merchant and cartographer in 1503.

9. Teatro Amazonas

The Amazonas Theatre, or Opera House, is located in the city Manaus , in the heart of the lush Amazon rainforest. Theater construction startedduring the heyday of the rubber trade, using materials from all over the world, with furniture from Paris, marble from Italy and steel from England. TOThe floor of the theater was covered with 36,000 small ceramic tiles painted in the colors of the Brazilian flag.

The world-famous Italian tenor Enrico Caruso was the first to perform on the theater stage on January 7, 1897.

10. Ouro Preto

The city was founded at the end of the 17th century, Ouro Preto (Black Gold) was the center of the gold rush and the golden age of Brazil in the 18th century.With the depletion of the gold mines in the 19th century, the city's influence waned, but the churches, bridges and fountains remain as testament to past prosperity and the exceptional talent of the Baroque sculptor. Aleijadinho, who worked in Ouro Preto