Magnificent gardens and parks of the world. The most unusual gardens and parks in the world. Gardens of Villa Lante in Italy
The art of creating a space around oneself that competes with Nature itself, in which everything is harmonious and calm, is of course mastered by a few. This is a real talent - to create an exterior in which the artist's hand seems to be invisible. As if every flower and every blade of grass has grown in its place at the request of Mother Nature.
The greatest philosopher Plato, once admiring the sunset, said: "Above all beauties - beauty of nature." The genius of the talented creators of the landscape parks of the world is that their parks are no more beautiful than Nature itself. They are as beautiful as nature itself! Indeed, there are places on our planet that delight and inspire people for many years and even centuries. In this article, you will learn only about some of the beautiful corners on our Earth, where people created, admired and made others admire.
This section will be updated regularly. If you suggest a new topic for admiring our planet, the Divo-dacha team will try to cover it with gratitude.
landscape park, as a direction, originated in England in the 18th century. It is a complex where the layout of objects is as close as possible to the natural. Such parks often have aesthetic, ecological and historical value. Unlike urban parks, where all vegetation is planted in accordance with the laws of composition, a landscape park looks more natural. Roads, alleys, glades, reservoirs are located more freely here. The task of modern landscape complexes is to enable the modern inhabitant to feel as if in the wild, but without a sense of danger.
The formation of landscape parks in different countries has a long history. As a rule, it was accompanied by the emergence of styles. Now everyone knows that there are French, Italian, Oriental and other styles. But once upon a time, at the very source of the origin of styles, the determining factor was the climate and topography of a particular country.
For example, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Now they are one of the seven wonders of the world. Despite the fact that this amazing architectural structure has not survived to this day, the memory of it is still alive. History keeps a mention that it was a structure of four terraces located one above the other in a cascade. Trees grew on the lower terraces. The upper ones were planted with shrubs and climbing flowers.
The French style is associated with flat gardens and fragrant flowers. Regular parks, with regular geometric shapes, located on the hills are called Italian. Renaissance gardens have become a kind of pinnacle in the formation of landscape parks and landscape design. Artificial reservoirs, fountains and an abundance of sculptures screamed about the luxury of the palace gardens.
In the 17th century in Europe, the concepts of park and garden began to be distinguished. If gardens are more associated with privacy, then the park becomes a venue for balls and various celebrations. The regular style is gradually replaced by landscape. Along the paths leading to beautiful architectural or plant objects, many smart people walk and concerts are held with evening illumination.
My history landscape parks have in Russia. In the 17th century, we have botanical greenhouses, and then comes the fashion from Holland for flower beds with daffodils and tulips. The 20th century brings to the world not only a technical revolution. In connection with new technologies, the architecture of buildings is changing, and with it the park design.
If we summarize the history of landscape gardening art, we can say that it developed in two directions: geometric and pictorial. Geometric compositions are compositions based on symmetry. Picturesque, or landscape, means the imitation of nature with its natural forms.
In recent years, park construction has gained a new dimension and presents the society with more and more new solutions for organizing space for recreation in a natural "natural" design. Dozens of talented landscape designers have joined this trend and given a powerful impetus to the construction landscape parks.
Modern landscape parks of the world are an example of the conscious interaction of man with Nature. Subconsciously, a person always felt a craving for nature. But if in our time not every city dweller dares to go into the wild forest, then a walk through the landscape park will be as comfortable and safe as possible for him.
Artificial green spaces in such parks are designed to fulfill special design solutions. After all, this landscape and architectural space should not resemble a city park of culture. Historical architectural objects located on the territory of such complexes are of great educational value and positively influence the formation of a new consciousness of the modern resident of the metropolis.
Walks in landscaped parks are becoming more popular and attract many tourists. There was even a concept "landscape travel". Lovers of history and all things beautiful travel the world in search of picturesque places and new inspiring ideas. Here you can only briefly indicate some beautiful places that are an example of landscape architecture:
Peterhof park
Peterhof- the greatest creation of Peter 1, who planned to surpass the French Versailles. It is a brilliant ensemble of palaces and parks. It is located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland and is considered a grandiose historical monument, glorifying the power and greatness of our country. The date of creation is considered to be the period from 1714 to 1723. It was dedicated to the victory in the Northern War and access to the Baltic Sea. Famous architects and garden masters of that time worked on the creation of Peterhof.
The landscape ensemble of Peterhof includes:
- The Grand Peterhof Palace, which is the pinnacle of the composition, and unites the Upper Garden and the Lower Park.
- A large cascade, which is a grandiose structure from a cascade of fountains.
- The Upper Garden, which is the main entrance to Peterhof.
- The lower park, which combines the Grand Palace and the Marly Palace with the help of alleys.
The entire Peterhof complex includes several palace and park ensembles, which were formed over two centuries. It also includes the Catherine Corps Museum, the Hermitage Pavilion, the Monplaisir Palace, the Marly Palace and the Bath Corps Museum. Peterhof Landscape Park is a historical heritage of Russia, and in many ways really surpasses the French Versailles.
Vyborg Rocky Landscape Park Mon Repos
Mon Repos Park was founded in the 19th century. This is the only rock landscape park in Russia. It is located on the shore of the Vyborg Bay. Amazing landscapes of centuries-old pines and heaps of boulders of the Ice Age arise before visitors. The territory of the park covers more than a hundred hectares. Once it was the estate of the commandant of the Vyborg fortress. Later, a mansion was built on the territory of the park, and since then the history has been carefully preserved here. Fortunately, many elements of the park have been preserved, bearing the imprint of one or another fashionable architecture at that time. For example, some parts of the park are planned in Chinese style. The wooden Gothic style has also been preserved. Tourists will be interested in visiting the Cave of the Witches. It is believed that men, having passed through it, gain strength and courage, and women get rid of depression and nervous disorders.
Vaux le Vicomte Park, Melun, France
Vaux-le-Vicomte Landscape Park located 46 km from Paris. This architectural and park ensemble was designed and built for the finance minister of Louis XIV Nicolas Fouquet in the 17th century. On its territory there is a castle of the same name.
This magnificent park was brought to life by the designer Le Nôtre, the architect of the time Levo and the artist Lebrun. The castle has a rich history. He knew times of decline and prosperity. The castle acquired its modern look after the restoration by the French industrialist Alfred Sommier. Now the landscape park of Vaux-le-Viscount has several geometric gardens, in which sculptures and fountains are located. The park was created for major holidays and was in fact an arena for theatrical performances.
Landscape Imperial Park Kyoto, Japan
Imperial Park and gosho palace were created over 1000 years ago in the old city of Kyoto. Both the park and the castle witnessed wars and fires, and were repeatedly looted. The park is famous for its pine trees and beautiful landscaped gardens. In the northwest of the park are the villas of Shugakuin and Katsura, which are the brightest example of landscape architecture in Japan. They were built in the 17th century by Prince Hachizono Miya Toshihito. The villas are designed in such a way that more and more amazing landscapes open up to visitors one by one.
Daintree National Australian Park
Daintree Park was founded in 1981. It is spread over an area of more than 1000 sq. km. and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is a unique landscape park where you can meet reptiles, kangaroos, bats. The park is a natural habitat for rare birds. And all this against the backdrop of amazing nature, where streams of water whip through tropical forests. The Daintree Rainforest is possibly the oldest on earth. The park has many interesting geographical features - for example, Cape Tribulation, Mossman Gorge, the famous Jumping Stones on Thornton Beach. It is said that this beach was especially revered by the local natives and performed their rituals on it.
The preserved unique flora and fauna is a clear example of how a person can live in harmony with nature.
Bruno Torfs Australian Sculpture Park
It was created in the vicinity of the Australian town of Marysville at the end of the last century by sculptor Bruno Torfs. The park immediately became popular thanks to terracotta sculptures, ideas for which Bruno Torfs peeped from different peoples of the world. Against the backdrop of exotic nature, visitors to the park are greeted by a wide variety of fabulous creatures - witches, princesses, mermaids. To date, the park has more than a hundred exhibits.
Despite the fact that in 2009 a tragedy overtook the park - almost all the vegetation burned down in a fire - fortunately, the terracotta sculptures were saved. Team Bruno Torfs working hard to restore the park.
These places of the planet are definitely worth seeing: they are so abundant, bright and interesting.
Keukenhof park, Netherlands. It is considered one of the most luxurious parks in the world. Located between Amsterdam and The Hague, in the town of Liss.
Each year, the park opens for only two months, and then closes for numerous restoration and care of plants and arboretum. In the spring, usually on April 13-15, a flower fair is held, where everyone can buy unique seedlings and ready-made bouquets. There are only five supplier companies in the park, which also offer souvenirs and postcards with gorgeous views of the park.
Keukenhof - kitchen park, this is the literal translation of the name. However, you can’t call it small, the area of the park is 32 hectares. It is literally immersed in all sorts of flowers, canals, waterfalls, lakes. Tulips, roses, hyacinths, daffodils are grown here. The park was founded in 1949 and is one of the most famous European, not just Dutch attractions.
A park Suan Nong Nooch Garden opened in 1980. This place in Thailand is considered one of the most popular. The huge plantation is planted with many decorative large-sized plants and flowers, in addition, there is the largest selection of orchids in the country. The park regularly hosts majestic shows that will take your breath away.
In 1954, Mr. Peesit and Mrs. Nong Nooch purchased approximately 243 hectares of land in Chonburi province. At first, they dreamed of growing fruits and flowers here, using the gardens for themselves, but when tourists poured in, the flowering lands were luxurious, the idea arose to create decorative elements. Gradually, the garden grew and in 1980 was opened to visitors. Mrs. Nong Nooch handed over the management of the garden to her son, and she herself devoted her life to the study of tropical plants. In the garden, thanks to her research, there are many rare specimens.
Gardens and park of Versailles in France. Founded by King Louis XIV in 1661. He hired the best architects and artists who made his dream come true - the Palace of Versailles and beautiful gardens.
The gardens and park of Versailles are considered part of the national heritage of France. Versailles is a village 24 kilometers from Paris. The gardens are spread over 900 hectares. There are 1400 fountains here.
Butchart Gardens in Canada is a group of flower gardens in Canada (British Columbia, near the city of Victoria on Vancouver Island). Over a million people visit this place every year.
Robert Pym Butchart, the founder of the gardens, wanted to produce cement on these lands. But in 1907 he met the landscape designer Isaburo Kishida from Yokohama, who wanted to build gardens for his son. Robert Butchart was so imbued with the idea that he did not let the designer go from Canada until 1912. As a result, an amazingly beautiful park was born.
It should be noted that the couple mined limestone until 1909, but then they finally came to the conclusion that further development was futile, and began to garden. The construction was completed in 1921, at the same time the couple began to receive the first guests. The park is a family heirloom, now owned by the Butcharts' great granddaughter, Robin Lee Clark.
Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden spread over 34 ha. Hundreds of plant species grow here. The garden is located near Miami, Florida. The date of creation of the park is 1938. Today it is a park, a research institute, and a plantation maintained by 45,000 volunteers who are interested in preserving rare plant species. In 2012, the park became the headquarters of the American Orchid Community.
The park in Bogoroditsk near Tula occupies a special place in the history of Russian landscape art. Firstly, due to the fact that it was created in that critical period when the new landscape style of park building was just beginning its victorious march through numerous estates scattered across the central and remote provinces of Russia. At that moment, the question was being decided whether they would follow foreign models or go their own ways, based primarily on local natural and climatic conditions, established national cultural traditions, and rich domestic experience in garden architecture.
Central Park of Culture and Leisure in Leningrad. Nikolsky A.S.
"Central Park of Culture and Leisure in Leningrad". Nikolsky A.S. Published according to the publication “Problems of garden and park architecture. Digest of articles". Publishing house of the All-Union Academy of Architecture. Moscow. 1936. The history of the Leningrad Central Park of Culture and Leisure begins on December 3, 1931, when the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, in their historic decision on the socialist reconstruction of Leningrad, decided to create a park of culture and recreation with a large sports stadium on the Elagin and Krestovsky Islands. In 1932, the Leningrad TsPKiO launched its work only on Elagin Island with its wonderful, well-preserved park. Krestovsky Island, this bare, swampy, windswept lowland, was still to receive its own park.
Park them. Kirov in Baku. Ilyin L.A.
"Park them. Kirov in Baku. Ilyin L.A. Published according to the publication “Problems of garden and park architecture. Digest of articles". Publishing house of the All-Union Academy of Architecture. Moscow. 1936. The pronounced features of the geographical position of Baku, dry desert conditions, difficult for park construction, make this experience not only interesting from the point of view of overcoming nature and its simultaneous use, but also instructive for the practice of park composition in similar and close conditions. The park is located on the slopes of hills and plateaus - the highest spurs of the Caucasus Range within the city at its exit to the Caspian Sea. On the entire coast south of Makhach-Kala there is not a single point where the mountains approach the sea so close and so boldly.
Ensemble of the Catherine Park of Tsarskoye Selo
Ensemble of Catherine's Park: Regular part of Catherine's Park (Old Garden). garden sculpture. Hermitage Museum. Grotto. Hall on the island of the Big Pond. Granite terrace. Upper bath. Lower bath. Hermitage kitchen. Admiralty. Sadovaya Embankment and Lower Ponds. Landscape part of the Catherine Park. Ruin tower. Chesme column. Cahul obelisk. Morean column. Crimean column. Turkish bath. Palladium Bridge. Hill of "wild stone", "Pudostsky bridge" and the Red cascade. Gates of Gatchina. Pyramid. Monument to A.D. Lansky. Concert hall. Ruin kitchen. Small whim. Evening hall. Cast iron gazebo. Gothic gate. Gate "To my dear colleagues." Cadet Gate. Fountain "Milk".
Ensemble of the Alexander Park of Tsarskoye Selo
Alexandrovsky Park Ensemble: A regular part of Alexander Park (New Garden). Chinese village. Big whim. Chinese theatre. Cross Bridge. Creaky gazebo. Chinese bridges. Alexander Palace. Landscape part of the Alexander Park. Chapelle. White Tower. Farm. Retirement stables. Lama pavilion. Arsenal. Fedorovsky town. The Egyptian Gates. Babolovsky palace and park. Alexander Park, due to the difference in natural resources and historical features of the formation, is significantly different in character from Catherine's Park. The oldest part of Alexander Park - the New Garden - is laid out in a regular style. The breakdown of the landscape part of the park was carried out only at the beginning of the 19th century.
Summer garden in St. Petersburg
Peter I chose a place for his summer residence on the left bank of the Neva, at the mouth of the river. Erika (Fontanka), almost opposite the Peter and Paul Fortress. The garden was founded in 1704-1706. and at first occupied only the northern part of the site, which goes directly to the Neva. At the same time, the main contours of that system of straight alleys perpendicular to each other were determined, which, in general terms, has come down to our time. Some researchers believe that the owner of the garden himself outlined the direction of the alleys, the position of the first flower beds and fountains, but the first plan of the Summer Garden known to us was drawn up by J. Roosen. This plan already shows the palace just built according to the project of D. Trezzini, which occupied not the central position on the site, but its north-eastern corner next to the small harbor on the Fontanka ...
Historical sketch of the development of the palace and park ensembles of Tsarskoye Selo
Ensembles of palaces and parks in Tsarskoye Selo took shape over a century and a half. There are four stages in their formation. The first of them - 1710-1720. This is the time of the appearance of the country royal residence - the Sarskaya manor, with a small stone palace of Catherine I and a regular garden. In the middle of the 18th century, after the reconstruction of the palace, redevelopment and expansion of the parks, the Sarskaya manor turned into a grandiose ensemble, surpassing all other palace residences in Russia in size. The next period began in the 1760s-1770s, simultaneously with the emergence of a new style in Russian architecture - classicism. Work carried out at this stage to create landscape parks in the area adjacent to the old regular gardens was not fully completed at the end of the 18th century. They continued into the first half of the 19th century.
Fountains of Peterhof
The ensemble of parks, palaces and fountains of Peterhof-Petrodvorets, located 29 km from Leningrad and arose in the first quarter of the 18th century, is a kind of triumphal monument in honor of the successful completion of Russia's struggle for access to the Baltic Sea. Regular parks, 144 fountains and 3 cascades, gilded statues of gods and heroes of antiquity, the majestic architecture of palaces - all this expresses the idea of the triumph of Russia, "feasting on the expanse of the sea." The beginning of the construction of Peterhof dates back to 1714. The idea of creating the ensemble (the main layout of the central and eastern parts of the Lower Park, combining the palace, the grotto with a cascade and the canal into one compositional whole) belongs to Peter I. Often, mentioning the desire of Peter I to see here in Peterhof a residence that "befits the first sovereigns" ...
Architectural and park ensemble of Kuskovo
The architectural and park ensemble of Kuskovo is one of the most remarkable monuments of Russian art. Created in the 18th century, it fully absorbed the achievements of the manor construction of the era. Peculiar architectural ensembles near Moscow became widespread at the end of the first third of the 18th century, when the noble nobility returned to the ancient patrimonial estates. Of the surviving estates near Moscow, Kuskovo is the earliest, giving an idea of the type of Elizabethan estates. It was located 7 miles from Moscow, between the Vladimir and Ryazan roads. Since 1715, these lands belonged to an associate of Peter I - a prominent military leader, the hero of the Battle of Poltava, Field Marshal B.P. Sheremetev. The Kuskovo Ensemble was created over several decades. In 1755, a large pond was dug here, which made it possible to drain the low-lying and swampy place...
Manor Ostankino
The ancient Ostankino estate near Moscow is of particular interest to us because its ensemble was formed mainly in a very short period of time - 10 years, although it has existed since the 16th century. Another feature is its "recreational" purpose, which was reflected in the specific nature of garden compositions. Ostankino is a unique monument of Russian culture of the 18th century, an example of a creative synthesis of architecture, garden and park art, theater, painting, sculpture, works of arts and crafts, amazing in its perfection, which merged into a single artistic whole. The estate, the palace, the park and everything in them were created by the talent and labor of hundreds of peasants, artisans and craftsmen. The Ostankino Gardens are an integral part of this one-of-a-kind ensemble...
Pavlovsky park
When in Tsarskoye Selo the Great Catherine Palace was already shining with its splendor, on the site of the future Pavlovsk there were still dense forests, the silence of which was occasionally broken only by court hunts. Pavlovsk Park is younger than Tsarskoye Selo and other imperial residences in the vicinity of St. Petersburg, it is better preserved. It reflected the heyday of Russian classicism in its purest form, it was created in a fairly short period of time - 50 years - and is distinguished by the special artistic integrity of its ensemble - gardens, architecture, sculpture. This is the only example of Russian landscape architecture of its kind, a glorified masterpiece in which new trends in garden and park art have found their fullest expression...
Palace and park complex of Tsarskoye Selo
The country residence of the wife of Peter I, Ekaterina Alekseevna Tsarskoe Selo, was founded in 1708, 6 years after the liberation of Koporye from the Swedish troops. It was located on the site of the former Swedish "Sarskaya Manor" in a picturesque and vast area, on a gentle hill, near the small river Vangazi. Old wooden buildings, an orchard, a pond at first became the core of the future estate. After 1716, when the wooden Church of the Dormition was built here, the Sarskaya manor (“Island-manor”) received the name of Tsarskoye Selo. The creation of the first stone chambers here, the expansion of outbuildings also dates back to this time. Unlike the palace and park complexes of Peter the Great, Catherine's estate retained the appearance of a Russian estate for a long time and reflected in its appearance the traditional and simple way of life...
Memorial complex "Mound of Glory" in Minsk
The Mound of Glory immortalized the feat of arms of the Soviet Army and partisans. It was laid down on September 30, 1966. The land of Belarus was mixed in it with the land of hero cities, other places that glorified themselves by military and labor achievements. A memorial was erected to mark the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus from the Nazis. The grand opening took place on July 5, 1969. Its authors are sculptors A. Bembel, A. Artimovich, architects O. Stakhovich, L. Mitskevich and engineer V. Laptsevich. The mound, 70 meters 60 centimeters high, is crowned with four bayonets, symbolizing the four fronts that liberated Belarus. At the base of the bayonets, which are held together by a two-meter-high ribbon-belt, there are mosaic orders of Glory and the Patriotic War.
Gardens of Granada. Alhambra and Generalif. Alhambra & Generalife
Having borrowed the experience of Egypt and Rome in arranging irrigation facilities, the Arabs managed to use the melting snow on mountain peaks and created a powerful hydraulic system, turning waterless Spain into a flourishing land. Here a new type of garden was formed - the Spanish-Moorish. This is a small courtyard (200-1200 m²) of an atrium-peristyle type (patio), surrounded by the walls of a house or a fence, is a continuation of the front and living quarters in the open. The complex of such miniature patios, included in the complex structure of the palace, is represented by the gardens of Grenada, created in the 13th century. in the residences of the caliphs - Alhambra(650 X 200 m) and Generalife(area 80X100 m). In the Alhambra, the palace premises were grouped around the Court of Myrtle and the Court of Lions. The courtyard of the myrtle (47 X 33 m) is surrounded by walls of buildings with an elegant arcade, richly decorated with ornaments.
Versailles. Parc de Versailles
The place of Versailles, located near Paris, was a royal estate and was a flat wetland, partly covered with undergrowth. On this territory in the period from 1661 to 1700 Le Nôtre, together with the architect. Levo and Mansart and the artist Lebrun created a palace and park ensemble. Its dimensions are grandiose: the so-called Small Park occupied an area of 1738 hectares, and the adjoining Large Hunting Park - 6600 hectares. First, preliminary work was launched to prepare the territory - draining the area with the help of canals, creating reservoirs that feed the park's water devices, and adding land to a large area. For planting, a huge number of trees were brought from various regions of France and other countries. However, despite all efforts, the plantings turned out to be short-lived and after 150 years some of the trees had to be replaced.
Vaux-le-Vicomte. Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte
Vaux-le-Vicomte - (fr. Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte) - a classic French manor-palace of the XVII century, located in the vicinity of Melun, 55 km southeast of Paris. Built for Nicolas Fouquet, Viscount Vaud and Melun, superintendent of finance under Louis XIV. The park ensemble was created by A. Lenotre together with the architect. Left and the artist Lebrun. When laying the garden (1656-1661), 18 thousand people worked. On a vast territory, 3 villages were demolished, a forest was cut down, the relief was transformed, the riverbed was changed. The area of the park is 100 hectares. In its northern part there is a palace surrounded by a canal in the spirit of ancient castles, which is the center of the composition. The southern facade of the palace faces the park. From it, in three low terraces, a wide strip of open space gently descends to the south, framed by arrays of bosquets.
Stowe Park. Stowe Landscape Gardens
Stowe Park(Stowe Landscape Gardens) is located 96 km from London. The area of the park is 100 hectares, and together with the adjacent lands that make up one whole with it - 500 hectares. Initially, there was a regular park created by arch. J. Vanberg, in 1714 it was rebuilt by architect. C. Bridgeman, and in 1738 - W. Kent and L. Brown. The center of the composition is the palace, which stands on elevated elevations in the alignment of an open meadow, elongated from north to south and forming the main axis of the park. In the lower part there is a pond - its second compositional center. The three-dimensional solution is based on a combination of alternating closed arrays with open spaces of a reservoir and lawns, where stand-alone trees and groups form landscape paintings. The park is full of buildings in the spirit of romanticism, stylistically associated with the architecture of the palace.
Villa Lante. Villa Lante
The construction of Villa Lante was also carried out according to the project of arch. Barozzi da Vignola in the 50s of the 16th century. It is located in the town of Bagnaia, 84 km from Rome. The Duke of Montalto was the owner of the villa. The area of the garden is 1.5 hectares, the difference in relief is 16 m. Here, as in Villa Caprarola, the theme of the stream flowing down the mountain and forming the longitudinal axis of the garden is used. However, with the general similarity of the plan, the solution to this topic is significantly different. The architect, "dividing" the house into two volumes and arranging them symmetrically to the axis, as if parted the path with a stream. The lower terrace - the entrance part of the garden - is designed as a flat parterre (75X75 m), divided into a number of squares. Their module is inscribed with a water parterre with a round island in the center, where a sculptural group of young men (10 m high), supporting the coat of arms of Montalto with their hands, gives a monumental vertical.
Villa d "Este. Villa Tivoli. Villa d" Este
Villa d "Este, Villa Tivoli (Italian "villa d" Este") is located 80 km from Rome in the city of Tivoli, its owner was Cardinal d "Este. Built in the 40s of the 16th century. Author - architect Pirro Ligorio, water devices were created by engineer Olivieri.The area of the garden is 3.5 hectares, the difference in relief is 35 m.The palace is located on the upper point, and the garden is laid out on the slope.The steep slope is terraced, transverse axes pass along the narrow terraces, parterre (70X70 m. Mutually perpendicular roads form rectangles of bosquets. The main axis is directed from the lower parterre to the palace. On this axis, the most important compositional node is the Dragon Fountain, located on the site below the foot of the palace, and three groups of cypresses - on the parterre, near the reservoirs of the transverse axis and the Dragon Fountain, forming powerful vertical accents.
Sefton Park in Liverpool. Sefton Park. Liverpool
Sefton Park in Liverpool (Sefton Park. Liverpool). Author - arch. E. Andre. The construction of the park began in 1867 on an area of 156 hectares. The area was previously used for farmland and was surrounded by private buildings. From north to south, it was crossed by a channel, which was then turned into a series of artificial ponds and streams. The park has a clear functional zoning and includes lawns for sports, a garden, a deer park, a restaurant, a music pavilion and a botanical garden, allocated in a separate area with its own layout. The road network forms ellipses, circles and smooth curves in plan, limiting the contours of open spaces. Due to the large scale, the road lines are not perceived in nature as geometric curves. Along the periphery, a road for riding was laid and shelters for recreation were arranged.
Villa Farnese. Castle of Caprarola. Villa Farnese
Villa Farnese (Italian: Villa Farnese), also known as Caprarola Castle. 70 km from Rome, not far from the town of Caprarola, architect. Barozzi da Vignola in 1547-1550 built a castle for Cardinal Farnese. Above the slope, 300 m from the castle, a small house was built and a garden was laid out for secluded relaxation (an example of a “secret garden”). Despite its small size, the garden is designed monumentally - in large proportions, without superfluous small details, using local material. Thus, it organically merges with the surrounding landscape and the ensemble of the castle. From the lower platform of the first level, decorated with a fountain, the road rises along a gentle ramp, decorated with a stream flowing along it and closed on both sides by walls, to the second level - a platform richly decorated with fountains and monumental statues of river gods.
Shugakuin Imperial Villa Ensemble in Kyoto
On the northeastern outskirts of Kyoto, the retired emperor Gomitsuno planned the Shugakuin ensemble with an extensive garden-park. The first part of the work was completed between 1656 and 1659, but then, with a break, work continued for several more years. The uniqueness of the Shugakuin composition among Japanese garden ensembles is associated with its location on three levels - terraces rising one above the other along the mountainside. This is what determined the general spatial construction of the ensemble and the specific solution of each of its parts. Unlike Katsura, the main scale and main emotional tone of Shugakuin was set by the distant plan - the view of distant silhouettes of mountains and trees (which is called "sakkei"), and all artificially constructed elements of the garden became the foreground of the composition and received a subordinate role.
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park
One of the first public ensembles of post-war Japan - Peace Park in Hiroshima(architect Kenzo Tange, 1949-1956), conceived and implemented as a synthesis of national and modern spatial and constructive-plastic ideas. The park is located on the territory of the former Nakajima district, completely destroyed as a result of the atomic bombing of the Japanese city of Hiroshima in 1945. On the territory of 12.2 hectares there is the Peace Memorial Museum, many monuments, a ritual bell and a cenotaph. The ensemble consists of a vast area for demonstrations (it is covered with white pebbles) with a laconic and mournful monument-arch (Monument "Flame of Peace"), light buildings of the museum, administrative building and library raised on pillars. The skeleton of one of the few buildings that survived during the atomic bombing, visible in the background, is also visually included in the ensemble.
About Myoshinji Monastery Gardens in Kyoto Boboli Gardens. Giardino di Boboli
The Boboli Gardens (Italian: Giardino di Boboli) is a famous park in Florence, one of the best park ensembles of the Italian Renaissance. 16th century art In accordance with the tastes of that time, the park is divided by long axial paths, wide gravel paths, it is decorated with decorative stone elements, statues and fountains. The Boboli Gardens are divided into a private area with limited access and a public area with grottoes, nymphs, open garden temples with colonnades made in the classical style. An unusual feature of the Boboli Gardens for its time is the magnificent views of the city that open from them.
Joruriji Monastery Garden in Kyoto
The garden of the Joruriji monastery on the outskirts of Kyoto belongs to the rarest type of Amidian-type gardens of the Heian period. The building of the temple was built in 1107, it was installed in the current place in 1157. It is considered one of the finest examples of Buddhist temple architecture from the late Heian period. On the east bank of the pond, a graceful pagoda, originally erected in Kyoto and moved here in 1178, rises among the trees. The temple and pagoda are located opposite each other, symbolizing the eastern and western Buddhist paradise. The layout of the garden near the temple is an attempt to find and express in the components of wildlife a symbolic expression of the world order, the highest point of which is the “Western Paradise of Buddha Amida”. Just as there was no fundamental difference between religious and secular architecture, the Amidian temple gardens and palace gardens are similar in their features.
Garden of Kinkakuji Temple (Golden Pavilion) in Kyoto
Quite sizable Zen landscape gardens often arose from palace gardens of the shinden type. Thus, the Kitayama Palace, built by the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in 1397, was then converted into the Rokuonji Temple (Temple of the Deer Garden), or Kinkakuji (Golden Pavilion), and the garden was reconstructed in accordance with the aesthetic canons of Zen of the Rinzai school. Unlike earlier Japanese architecture, the meaning of such a work as the Golden Pavilion, its content is revealed only in comparison with nature, unity with it. Architecture and nature become equivalent parts of the artistic image. But natural nature, not artistically organized, could not enter into this unity; it had to be transformed in accordance with the same principles that guided the architect-builder.
Ginkakuji Temple Garden (Silver Pavilion) in Kyoto
The Silver Pavilion - Ginkakuji (or Higashiyama-den, the official name of the temple is Jisho-ji), built in 1489 by the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa under the impression of the Kinkaku-ji Golden Pavilion, which was built by his grandfather Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and later became a Buddhist temple. In the history of Japanese architecture, the Silver Pavilion is a transitional phenomenon, it combines the features of the Shinden style with new elements of residential architecture of the so-called Shoin style. Like the Golden Pavilion, it stands on the shore of a lake, and sliding walls (a new shoin style detail) directly separate the interior from the garden space. When the walls are moved apart, this separation disappears and nature, as it were, enters the interior of the house. Such a fusion with the natural environment was reflected in the spatial solution of the interior and, moreover, in the whole concept of architecture, its new connection with the environment.
Gardens of Tofukuji Monastery in Kyoto
Tofukuji is a Buddhist temple complex in southeastern Kyoto. The sanmon temple gate is the oldest of the Zen temple gates in Japan and is a national treasure. The height of the building is 22 meters. There are many gardens on the territory of the temple complex, the largest of which are the North, South, West, East and Hojo Gardens. Mirei Shigemori, author of one of the most famous modern temple ensembles, Komyo-in at Tofukuji Monastery in Kyoto (1939). The entire "lexicon" of Mirei Shigemori's art dates back to Zen symbolic gardens (such as kare san-sui), but the very use of well-known symbols, their combination and contrast in one composition marks the master with a new vision and feeling. Shigemori, before becoming a garden designer, diligently studied the history of gardening, measured and made plans for more than 500 gardens.
Peace parks - recreational areas of cities, designed to filter the polluted atmosphere of megacities, are becoming more original every year. To show oneself and surprise people - probably, designers with a worldwide reputation are guided by this principle when designing gardens and national parks. Unusual bionic forms, reliefs of unearthly beauty - amazing flavor distinguishes modern park landscape design.
Tropical Garden in Singapore - the most beautiful park in the world
In 2012, the British architectural firm Wilkinson Eyre, in collaboration with landscape designers from Grant Associates, completed work on Singapore's 54-hectare Bay South National Garden. The park's master plan features a stylized orchid that cost £500 million to complete. Two shell-shaped greenhouses flanked by 18 50-meter tree-like columns were erected on reclaimed land in the center of Singapore, on the shores of the bay.
Thousands of plant species grow in an openwork frame of column trunks, interconnected by a spiral-shaped suspension bridge, raised 20 m from the earth's surface. Rainwater collected in improvised conical crowns is used to irrigate the vertical planting.
The best parks in the world are the winners of the competition "The most beautiful landscape design"
The botanical garden, laid out in a former sand pit in Melbourne, was recognized as the best national park in the world in 2013. Designed by landscape design studio Taylor Cullity Lethlean and dendrologist Paul Thompson. 170 thousand plants from about 2000 species of Australian flora are presented in the park, which reflects the identity of nature and the landscape of Australia.
According to the World Architecture Festival 2014, Australia's 100 Forests National Arboretum, designed by Taylor Cullity Lethlean and architect Tonkin Zulaikha Greer, was chosen as the best park in the world. The concept of an unusual garden is the regeneration of a forest plantation on the outskirts of Canberra, which suffered from seasonal fires. The new park area of 30 hectares will include 50,000 rare species of trees and flowers from around the world, as well as flora that are on the verge of extinction.
Conceptual design projects for world parks
British designer Thomas Heatherwick developed a project for an island park, which is planned to be laid in 1916 in New York on the Hudson River in the area of a dilapidated pier. "Treasure Island" - this is the conceptual name of the landscape park, is an undulating landscape platform based on a group of mushroom-shaped columns 56 meters high. In addition to multi-level viewing platforms, an amphitheater designed for 700 spectators will be located in the park. The park's construction is estimated at $130 million - $113 million of which has already been received as a charitable donation from media mogul Barry Diller - the largest donation to the New York City Improvement Fund since its inception.
Inspired by the landscape of the Arabian Desert, Heatherwick designed the 125,000 m2 Al Fayah Park for the city of Abu Dhabi in the UAE. The fragmented canopy, resembling a cracked desert area, will be supported by a colonnade and will hide a vast recreational area under its shadow. Protected in this way from the sizzling sun, exotic plants will be able to grow freely in the national park - an unusual cracked roof will form a shady zone and retain evaporating moisture.
Another ambitious project by Thomas Heatherwick is the concept of a 367 meters long park footbridge designed to connect the two banks of the Thames in London: the Covent Garden area and South Bank Street. The structure of the bridge-park includes two interconnected platforms that support supports that expand towards the top, resembling the opened buds of a rare flower. The cost of building the bridge is estimated at 175 million pounds sterling and causes a mixed reaction from the public and the municipality of London - this is the most expensive park bridge in the world.
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Not far from the Vietnamese city of Da Nang, there is a stunning place - the Ba Na mountain resort, the path to which runs along the world's highest cable car. We rested in Vietnam not for the first time and have already managed to visit many interesting sights, but I can say that the impressions of the trip to Mount Ba Na are one of the strongest. Although before visiting Ba Na Hills we read a lot of negative and neutral reviews from tourists. Perhaps this place is "for an amateur." But personally, I highly recommend visiting it!
What is BaNa Hills?
Since 1920, BaNa Hills has been a French resort, some of the buildings have survived to this day. Then during the war it was abandoned. But in recent years, a huge park complex has been created here, new hotels have been built, thereby ensuring an endless flow of tourists. To climb Mount BaNa, you need to climb the world's highest cable car. At the top there is a huge amusement park Fantasy Park, 3 hotels, several restaurants, pagodas, flower gardens with fountains and statues, a wine cellar, castles, a Catholic cathedral, a spa, golf courses and my favorite Vietnamese "sled".
The girls at the reception advised to go as early as possible, as there are a lot of interesting places and entertainment in BaNa Hills. In addition, early in the morning the queue for entry should be smaller.
So, at 8 am we went on a tour. The driver took us 30 minutes to the place. On the way we admired the beauty of the surrounding nature. When we saw a huge line at the entrance to the cable car, we were a little upset. We have already imagined how we will stand here for three hours. The line started on the street, but there were even more people inside the building.
There were almost no Europeans in this huge queue, and we didn't even see Russians. Mostly Chinese and Vietnamese, who looked at our company with great interest.
