What was the name of the Red Square before. What metro station is Red Square located at? Her story

• Red Square is a whole architectural ensemble consisting of buildings of different styles XV-XX centuries, monuments and even a necropolis.
• Word " red" in the name of the square means " beautiful».
• State Historical Museum(XIX century) with a rich collection of archaeological finds, icons, works of arts and crafts.
• Historic cathedrals Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and Basil the Blessed; the latter also functions as a museum where you can see icons from the 16th-17th centuries.
• Huge shopping complex GUM (XIX century) in eclectic style, where, among other things, you will find ice cream with “the same” taste.
• Mausoleum V.I. Lenin(20s of the XX century), memorial burials of famous figures of the Soviet period - Stalin, Budyonny, Zhukov, Brezhnev, etc.

Red Square. The heart of the capital and the main square of the country. It is impossible to visit Moscow and not visit Red Square. Its monuments embody the centuries-old history of Moscow in all its manifestations. Are there many squares in the world where temples, fortress walls and towers, museums, a cemetery with a mausoleum and a huge shopping center would be located within the same space? In a single composition, buildings of different styles and centuries coexist - from the 15th to the 20th, making up a single ensemble, beautiful in its diversity.

Until now, Red Square remains in the center of the country's life: it hosts holidays and concerts, folk festivals, and in winter there is a skating rink. Every year on May 9, parades are held on the square in honor of the Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War. Not only tourists come here, but also Muscovites themselves - Red Square has not turned into a frozen open-air museum, but continues to live in the rhythm of a modern metropolis.

The history of the appearance of Red Square

Free space near the Kremlin walls did not appear immediately. At the end of the XV century. the stone walls of the Kremlin were built, and in front of them, on the east side, there were shopping arcades. In 1493 there was a big fire, the fire destroyed the wooden benches, and this place remained unbuilt and burnt, and the people called it “Fire”. Three streets - ‒ led through Pozhar to the Kremlin gates. In the XVI century. on the north side, by the river, the Cathedral of the Intercession on the Moat (aka) was built, and at the end of the 16th century stone trading rows began to be built here. Later, the Spasskaya Tower was built on, and the entire area near the tower and the cathedral was called "Red Square", which actually meant "Beautiful Square" (therefore, the translation of the name into English as "Red Square" is incorrect). Gradually, the territory of the Red Spade expanded to the south and eventually reached the modern borders.

Resurrection Gate and the building of the Historical Museum

It is most convenient to start studying the history of Red Square from the side by going to Red Square through the Resurrection (Iberian) Gates. They originated in the 16th century. and at first they were called "Lions", since there was a ditch nearby, in which lions lived. In the 17th century two elegant towers were built over the passage. The Iberian Gates, by tradition, were the main gates of Moscow, since they led from the main street of the city to Red Square. Victorious troops solemnly passed through them, foreign ambassadors entered. The Iverskaya chapel, erected in 1781, was built for the icon of the Iberian Mother of God - one of the most revered shrines in Russia. People came to her to pray for the success of any undertaking, for protection and patronage.

Kremlin wall and Spasskaya tower

Opposite GUM, near the Kremlin wall, there are memorial graves of Soviet figures. Here rest, Budyonny, Voroshilov, Zhukov, Brezhnev ... The center of the necropolis is the mausoleum of V.I. Lenin, built in the 20s. 20th century according to the project of A.V. Shchusev. The architect did not follow the path of Sherwood and Pomerantsev; the style of historicism was alien to him. Despite the absolutely modern forms for its time, the building of the mausoleum fit into the ensemble of the square. Placed on the axis of the GUM - the Senate Tower, it obeys this composition, complementing it, not destroying it.

One of the brightest and most iconic buildings located on Red Square is, of course, the Spasskaya Tower. Having received its final design in the 17th century, it is the high-rise dominant of the space that connects the square with the Kremlin. According to tradition, the Spassky Gates of the Kremlin are considered holy, royal gates, and in the old days everyone passing through them had to take off their hats. According to legend, Napoleon did not do this in 1812, but a gust of wind threw his cocked hat to the ground! The chimes of the Spasskaya Tower are familiar to every Russian - it is with him that every New Year begins. Recently, in 2010, a plastered fresco of the 16th century was unveiled on the tower, depicting Christ the Savior with Saints St. Sergius of Radonezh and Varlaam Khutynsky. Now, paradoxically, an Orthodox icon coexists on the same tower and replaced in the 1930s. double-headed eagle (emblem of tsarist Russia) five-pointed star. It is also a kind of work of art and a symbol of its time.

St. Basil's Cathedral

Completes the perspective of Red Square With Cathedral of the Intercession on the Moat, or St. Basil's Cathedral. This amazing architectural monument of the XVI century. became a symbol of Moscow and the compositional center of the square. It draws the eye, shapes the space and serves as an amazing backdrop for parades and concerts. The creation of this cathedral is dedicated to an important military victory of medieval Russia: the capture of Kazan by the troops of Ivan the Terrible.

It is noteworthy that the temple consists of nine independent churches, placed on a common foundation and united in a common composition - thus, the author of the project, the Russian architect Barma Postnik, solved the task assigned to him to design a temple with nine altars. The churches were consecrated in honor of the holidays and in memory of saints, whose days of celebration and memory coincide with the days of important events of the military campaign against Kazan.

Today, the cathedral functions as a museum, but services are regularly held in St. Basil's Church. When visiting the temple, be sure to pay attention to the beautiful icons of the 16th-17th centuries stored in its churches, as well as to the paintings in its gallery. Lobnoe mesto is located near the cathedral. Contrary to popular belief, it was not intended for executions: it was a kind of tribune for delivering speeches and reading royal decrees.

Thus, on Red Square there are monuments telling about the great victories of Russian history. Basil's Cathedral reminds of the capture of Kazan, Kazan Cathedral - of the liberation from Lyakov, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky - about the war of 1812. The necropolis near the Kremlin wall testifies to the revolutionary past of Russia and the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. About the initial defensive role of the Kremlin - battlements on its walls. Temples and icons remind of the former residence of the Russian tsars in the Kremlin, the stars on the towers remind of the Soviet era. About the trading past of the square - GUM, about the political - Execution Ground. About the history of the country from ancient times - the Historical Museum. Everything is intertwined on Red Square: religion and politics, celebration and mourning for losses, the past and present of Moscow.

Address: Russia Moscow
Square: 24 750 m²
Length: 330 m
Width: 75 m
Coordinates: 55°45"14.9"N 37°37"13.9"E

The main square of the Russian capital is popular not only among the guests of the city, it is also loved by Muscovites themselves. It is located in the center of Moscow, on the left bank of the river, near the very walls of the Moscow Kremlin. Those who came to Red Square can see with their own eyes the main symbols of the Russian state, which everyone remembers from the pages of school textbooks. Cars have been banned here since the mid-1960s. The spacious space is paved with stone blocks and is a pedestrian zone.

Red Square from a bird's eye view

History of Red Square

The reason for the appearance of a large square near the Kremlin was a strong fire. It happened during the reign of John III. The wooden buildings of Veliky Posad approached the very walls of the Kremlin, and in 1493, when a fire broke out, the merchants' houses and shops burned out almost completely. For a long time, a wide strip with a length of almost 250 m remained undeveloped, and it began to be called "Fire". The southern side of this square was limited by a low hill or "Vzlobie", and the northern part - Resurrection gatesleading to Kitay-Gorod.

Through the spacious "Fire" from the Kremlin gates passed three paved streets - Nikolskaya, Ilyinka and Varvarka. Along them were small temples and shops for goods. And on the square itself there were several rows where merchants traded.

Under Ivan IV the Terrible, the square was called "Big". From the middle of the 16th century, the undeveloped space in front of the Execution Ground began to be called "Red Square". And, finally, in 1661, the Russian sovereign Alexei Mikhailovich signed a special decree, according to which this name was transferred to the rest of the square.

Red Square from St. Basil's Cathedral

At the beginning of the last century, the south of the modern square was filled with dense buildings. In the first years of Soviet power, the buildings along Maslyany Lane were demolished and the open space south of the Spassky Gates was called Vasilyevsky Square. Now the sloping part that leads towards the river is called Vasilyevsky Spusk.

Gradually the country changed and its main square became more open. It began to hold not only military parades and May Day demonstrations, but also festive festivities. Many times the square has hosted concerts by Russian stars and artists from abroad, music festivals and forums.

What can be seen around the square

The buildings and temples surrounding the square were erected and remodeled for several centuries until an architectural ensemble of rare beauty was formed. Since 1990, the ancient square and the buildings around it have been protected by UNESCO as one of the World Heritage Sites. In this regard, no large-scale reconstructions are carried out here.

The crenellated wall of the Kremlin stretched along the entire square with several towers - Nikolskaya, Senatskaya, Spasskaya, Tsarskaya, Nabatnaya and Konstantin-Eleninskaya. Opposite Vasilyevsky Spusk, the corner Beklemishevskaya Tower closes the wall.

View (from left to right) of the Nabatnaya, Tsarskaya and Spasskaya towers of the Moscow Kremlin from Red Square

Exactly in the middle between the Spasskaya and Nikolsky towers stands the granite Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin. And behind it is a necropolis - a memorial cemetery, where the leaders of the party and government, as well as foreign communists, are buried. The first to be buried near the Kremlin wall were the inhabitants of the city who died during the October armed uprising. In November 1917, 240 people were buried in mass graves.

From the north the panorama of the square is closed by the Historical Museum, which has collected huge collections on the history of Russia. The intricate red-brick building for the museum was built at the end of the 19th century according to the project of the architect Vladimir Iosifovich Sherwood. More than 4.3 million exhibits have been collected here - a real national treasure!

If you stand on Red Square facing the Historical Museum, to the right of it you can see the two-span Resurrection Gates and the Iberian Chapel, restored in the 1990s. They block the passage between the buildings of the museum and the State Duma. On the right, the Red Mint adjoins them - a two-story civil building that has been preserved in Kitai-Gorod since the 17th century. Today, in the courtyard of these two buildings, there is a museum dedicated to the events of the war of 1812.

Mausoleum of Lenin near the walls of the Moscow Kremlin

From the south, one of the most recognizable churches in Russia rises on the square - the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God. True, among the people it is better known under the name of " St. Basil's Cathedral". The multi-domed temple appeared after the capture of Kazan in the middle of the 16th century, thanks to the talented architects Postnik and Barma. Nine multi-colored churches on a single foundation have long been considered one of the hallmarks of Moscow.

Almost simultaneously with the cathedral, the Execution Ground arose. It was built on a small hill and used to announce the decrees of the sovereign and conduct public executions. At first, the Execution Ground was made of wood, but then it became stone.

In front of the cathedral there is an expressive sculptural group "Minin and Pozharsky", dedicated to the victory of the people's militia in the Time of Troubles in 1612. The author of the monument is the famous Russian sculptor Ivan Martos, who was posed for by his own sons. The opening of the historical monument took place in 1818.

Opposite the Kremlin wall stretches the facade of the Main Department Store, which is also given the status of an architectural monument. A beautiful three-story building in the pseudo-Russian style was built at the end of the 19th century according to the project of Alexei Nikanorovich Pomerantsev.

State Historical Museum on Red Square

The corner of Nikolskaya Street is occupied by the picturesque Kazan Cathedral, decorated with neat keeled kokoshniks. The church that is located in this place is a new one. It was built in the early 1990s, faithfully recreating the original forms of the lost cathedral. And the temple that stood before it was erected in 1636 and destroyed exactly 300 years later during the anti-religious campaign that was carried out by the USSR.

Curious facts

The area has dimensions of 330 m by 75 m. Since 1963, it has been a zone for pedestrians, on which the movement of cars, motorcycles and bicycles is prohibited.

The first time the square was completely covered with cobblestones was in 1804. Until that time, it was predominantly wooden.

The two most famous parades held here are associated with the events of the Great Patriotic War. The first of these took place in November 1941, before the start of the counteroffensive, when the Germans were still standing near Moscow. And the second was organized after the victory, in June 1945.

St Basil's Church

In 1987, 18-year-old German Matthias Rust took off on a Cessna light plane from Hamburg and landed unhindered on Vasilyevsky Spusk. It was an unprecedented case of violation of the country's air borders, after which 34 officers and generals were held accountable, and the main square of the state was called Sheremetyevo-3 for some time.

For more than 10 years now, every winter, a large skating rink has been flooded on the square, on which 500 people skate at the same time. And next to it they set up a tall Christmas tree, decorated with New Year's toys.

Red Square is always open for groups of tourists and individual travelers, except for the days when mass holidays take place on it, for example, the Victory Day parade on May 9th. You can get here for free. Amateur photo and video shooting is also allowed on the square.

If you wish to visit the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin, it is better to go to the square lightly. Before entering it, everyone must pass through a metal detector, and backpacks and bulky bags will have to be left in a paid storage room.

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are Russia's main ones. Twenty towers and the same number of walls were, in fact, a grandiose fortification to protect against enemy attacks. At present, the fortress has lost its fortification purpose. The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are the calling card of Russia, its cultural heritage.

Main Attractions

The Kremlin is located on the Moskva River, on its left bank, high. There are several travel towers along the perimeter, the rest are of an architectural and historical nature. The main tower of the ensemble is Spasskaya, it has a chiming clock, according to which it is customary to celebrate the New Year throughout the country. The clock is always accurate, reference time. The Spasskaya Tower is a separate landmark of Moscow, but its interior is closed to tourists.

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are linked together and complement each other. Vasilievsky Spusk originates from the Spasskaya Tower, leading to the Moscow River, Zamoskvoretsky Bridge and the corner Beklemishevskaya Tower.

ancient kremlin

In the 16th century, the Kremlin streets were expanded and landscaped: Nikolskaya, Chudovskaya and Spasskaya. This was done to resettle numerous boyars and members of the clergy, who literally flooded the territory of the Kremlin, settling down for permanent residence with their families. The vacated zones began to be built up. In 1552, the Ivan the Great belfry received an extension in the form of the Resurrection Church, then the churches of the Three Hierarchs and the Solovetsky Wonderworkers appeared in the courtyard of the Metropolitans. The Grand Duke's Palace was radically rebuilt. The royal family received bed chambers near the Church of the Savior on Bor.

The main sights of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square

In the Kremlin are:

• Museum of the Armory, which contains unique exhibits: royal carriages and clothes of monarchs, the world-famous Monomakh's hat, a collection of Easter eggs by a Russian jeweler;
• three grandiose cathedrals: Arkhangelsk, Annunciation and Assumption.
• Church of the Deposition of the Robe;
• Museum exhibit Tsar Bell;
• belfry "Ivan the Great";
• Tsar cannon, a unique weapon.

What is on Red Square?

The main square of Moscow is famous for St. Basil's Cathedral, its other name is Pokrovsky Cathedral. The temple of stunning beauty was created during the reign of Ivan the Terrible in honor of the conquest of Kazan. The architectural value of the cathedral has not yet been determined. This greatest masterpiece of temple architecture was created by architects named Postnik and Barma. Nine churches are brought together. Each has its own name. In the center is the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin. Then follow:

• church chapel of the Three Patriarchs;
• Holy Trinity;
• Nikola Velikoretsky;
• Cyprian and Ustinya;
• the entry of the Lord into Jerusalem;
• Gregory of Armenia;
• Alexander Svirsky;
• Varlaam Khutynsky.

In the immediate vicinity of the Pokrovsky Cathedral is the monument to Minin and Pozharsky. A little further - the Execution Ground, where public executions were held. Further on, the vast expanse of Red Square, covered with paving stones, stretched out. At the end is the Russian Museum. On the left, along Red Square, it stretches and ends with the Nikolskaya Passage Tower.

Until recently, the public was interested in the mausoleum of V. I. Lenin and the section of the Kremlin wall with honorary burials. Today, everything there is planted with blue spruce, but this site is not popular. On the opposite side of Red Square is GUM, Moscow's oldest department store.

While illuminating Red Square, we can mention the annual parade of military equipment, which takes place on May 9 Square.

In Soviet times, many buildings of the Moscow Kremlin were destroyed. Moreover, this was done as a result of the official directives of the Soviet government. The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square were not considered the property of the Soviet authorities. Especially many exhibits suffered as a result of the barbaric actions of militant atheists. Many sights of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square were damaged. The letter of the People's Commissar of Education Lunacharsky, which he sent to the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR Kalinin in order to prevent further destruction, was recognized as harmful, anti-communist and anti-Soviet. Immediately, two ancient Kremlin monasteries, Voznesensky and Chudov, were demolished.

rebirth

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square have been successfully restored in the post-Soviet period. Cathedrals and museums are functioning, new exhibits are appearing. There is no single answer to the question of which of the sights of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square is the most interesting. All sights are grandiose, each in its own way. The Armory Chamber, Pokrovsky Cathedral and the Russian Museum leave a particularly strong impression of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square. It is also impossible to pass by church ensembles, Cathedral Square, and other sacred buildings of antiquity. The exact answer to the question of which of the sights of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square is the most significant will be given by the competition of Moscow antiquities, scheduled for 2016.

Red Square in Moscow is a favorite place in the capital not only for guests, but also for Muscovites. It is the symbol of the city, its heart. The whole history of Russia is reflected in its appearance.

From the history of Red Square in Moscow

In 1493, by decree of Ivan III, all wooden buildings around the Kremlin were removed so that there would be no fires. And for trade, a square appeared near the eastern wall, which was called Trading or Trading. It was also called the Fire because of the fires that often occurred here. In the 16th century, Red Square was called Trinity Square, after the name of the Trinity Church, located in the southern part of the square. In 1508-1516, a ditch more than 36 m wide and 10 m deep was dug along the Kremlin wall for defensive purposes, which was filled with water. In the 17th century, bridges were built across the moat to the Nikolsky and Spassky Gates. The area began to be called Red, which meant beautiful. Gradually, Red Square in Moscow becomes not only a commercial, but also a political center.

Red Square in Moscow - attractions and information for tourists

Red Square in Moscow has always been a crowded place. And the construction on it was carried out in such a way as to justify its name - Beautiful. After the conquest of the Kazan Khanate by Ivan the Terrible in 1555-1560, Russian architects Barma and Postnik built the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat in the southern part of the square. In 1588, an additional altar was built in it over the grave of holy fool Basil the Blessed. And the cathedral began to be called St. Basil's Cathedral. The cathedral was rebuilt in the 17th century. Now we see the temple in the form of nine churches on one foundation. This is one of the main attractions of the capital.

The place of execution, built in the middle of the 16th century, has also been preserved here. Previously, it was wooden and royal decrees were announced from it. For executions, a special structure was installed. Later, the Execution Ground became stone.

When in 1605-1615 the victory over the Polish invaders was won, the Kazan Cathedral was built at the expense of the royal family. Under the leadership of the talented architect P. Baranovsky, the cathedral was restored in 1925-1933. During the struggle against religion, the temple was destroyed. Designed by architect O.I. Zhurin, a student of P.D. Baranovsky, in 1990-1993. the cathedral was restored at the expense of the people and the government of Moscow. On November 4, on the Day of the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan, it was consecrated by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II. In the place where the Historical Museum is now located, the Mint and the Main Pharmacy were built in the 17th century.

According to the project of the architect J. Quarenghi in 1786, the Trade Rows were erected along the moat. Later, the square was paved with cobblestones. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the Trade Rows were destroyed. And the 19th century was the time of intensive development of the square. Under the guidance of the architect O. I. Bove, the building of the Trade Rows was restored in the form of a horizontally elongated form on a through arcade. And in front of the building there is a monument to K. Minin and D. Pozharsky, made by I. P. Martos. In the northern part of the square in 1875 - 1881. the building of the Historical Museum is being built according to the project of the architect V. Sherwood. And later, in 1889 - 1893, the current GUM building appeared - the Upper Trading Rows, built according to the project of A. Pomerantsev.

After the revolution of 1917, the name of the square was associated with the victory of the "Reds", and Red Square and the Kremlin became symbols of the revolution. After the death of V.I. Lenin's Mausoleum was built in 1924. At first it was wooden, and then, according to the project of the architect A.V. Shchusev was rebuilt in marble. In the 1930s, granite stands were built, and fir trees were planted around the Kremlin wall. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky was moved. The cobblestone pavement has been replaced with paving stones.

In 1990, the complex of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square were included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. Therefore, there should be no serious modifications in the appearance of these historical places from now on. Historians hope that the work done to restore the Iberian Gates and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan in the early 1990s should be the last.

Unfortunately, sometimes here, in the very heart of our country, events are held that are not intended for historical places. Thus, 250 dump trucks of sand were brought in for the stage of the World Cup in motofreestyle, which took place on Vasilievsky Spusk. Because of the wind, dust flew onto the restored St. Basil's Cathedral and inside it.

For tourists, the following information may be useful. Red Square is open for tourists around the clock. In some cases, when preparations are underway for a big holiday, visiting it is closed. A major overhaul of the pavement is planned. Its replacement will be done in parts. The area will not be closed to visitors. In recent years, a skating rink has been built near GUM in winter. Its size reaches 3,000 square meters (about a quarter of Red Square) and can accommodate up to 500 people. There is a cloakroom, skate rental. Organized New Year's Eve. Famous artists perform on holidays.

Red Square in Moscow - May 9 parade

Since 1918, parades and demonstrations of workers began to be held here. From here, on November 7, 1941, our soldiers left for the front line. On June 24, 1945, the Victory Parade was held on Red Square in Moscow.

The parade on Red Square on May 9, 2010 was especially solemn. About 10.5 thousand Russian military personnel and almost a thousand foreign military personnel from the CIS, Poland and Great Britain, France and the USA passed through the square. 161 units of military equipment passed, and 127 planes and helicopters flew in the sky over Moscow. Parades taking place on Red Square in Moscow always attract the attention of Muscovites, guests of the capital and all Russians. At the same time, the pavement of Red Square suffers from the passage of military equipment.

Today there are several places in the world that symbolize an entire era and are the pride of nations. For Russians, this is the famous place. Muscovites have something to be proud of, because to see this famous place, they do not have to travel a long way. There is a claim that this square is the most famous in the whole world. Well, let's not convince anyone otherwise. And we ourselves turn a little to historical facts and learn more about what they are, the sights of Red Square.

How it all began

When, in 1493, Tsar Ivan removed wooden buildings from the territories around the Kremlin in order to avoid the occurrence of fires, which often raged in Moscow at that time, he laid the foundation for the most famous Pravda, in those days all more or less flat areas in cities were occupied by trade , and their names, respectively, were different. At first it was called Torg, later Trading, and later the epithet "red" appeared. The square in Moscow was already very beautiful in those days. As always, everything that begins with trading activities later takes on a political connotation. It was at this time that some of the sights of Red Square began to be built, although not all of them have survived to this day in their original form. With those that we have the pleasure of watching now, it is worth getting to know better.

Temple of the Intercession of the Mother of God

The construction of this fabulous temple, from a distance more like a painted candy, was started by order of Ivan the Terrible. There is a rather cruel legend among the people that after the completion of construction in 1560, all the architects were blinded by order of the king, so that they could no longer build a building of such beauty and majesty. The temple is made in a rather bright color scheme, but red still prevails. The square in Moscow has long been associated with tourists with this cathedral, and most of us know its unofficial name - the Cathedral. It so happened that the Russian saint chose this temple as his favorite place of residence during his lifetime, and after his death he was buried with him.

Place of execution

The sights of Red Square are of great historical importance, and the famous one is no exception. This platform, laid out of white stone around the 16th century, was not an execution site, although many believe so. And the name itself comes from the name Golgotha, which for the residents of Moscow, who are mostly Orthodox, has a sacred meaning. The site, enclosed by a cast-iron fence, was built in order to proclaim royal decrees from it. Future anointed tsars were brought here to get acquainted with the people, the relics of saints revered in Rus' were exhibited to worship, well, sentences were sometimes read. Lobnoye Mesto is a historical symbol for many Russians, a place where important events took place that changed the course of our country's history.

Kremlin

This is probably the first thing most people associate Red Square with. No matter how they called it: both the Soul of the people and the Cradle of history. Many joyful and tragic events took place within the walls of this majestic building, which will delight even the most sophisticated tourist. Since the Kremlin was founded in the 14th century, its appearance was constantly changing, many wooden buildings disappeared as a result of fires, which were a frequent occurrence in Moscow. All the sights of Red Square are certainly important, but the Kremlin occupies an honorable first place. The modern complex consists of 20 towers, the oldest of which was built in 1485. Only five of them, the tallest, are decorated with stars. These are Vodovzvodnaya, Nikolskaya, Spasskaya, Troitskaya and Borovitskaya.

Historical Museum

As we already know, all the museums on Red Square are of unprecedented value for the people. But there is one place, visiting which you can learn all the greatness of the past and present of our country in a short time. We are talking about the Historical Museum, a huge complex that contains real treasures. In the bowels of this seemingly heavy building is a huge number of artifacts. Some architects criticize the museum building, considering it to be too "heavy" and stand out from the general ensemble. But considering that over its long history, the appearance of Red Square has been radically redrawn more than once, then any criticism is superfluous here. For our generation, it is fortunate that the square has survived to this day, and it is no longer so important in what form.

Instead of an afterword

It will not be difficult for modern architects and restorers to bring at least the facades of buildings into the proper form and fit everything into a single ensemble. Moreover, now during the restoration of buildings it is customary to “dress” in the so-called cocoon, so that the end result of the restoration work will be a surprise for the residents. Recently, we can observe such a cocoon over the building of the mausoleum, we hope that this is not just another cosmetic repair.

In fact, it does not matter what the appearance of Red Square is, only its sacred meaning for the Russian people of all generations matters. No matter how many reconstructions it has experienced, people will still come here, come from all over our vast country. For several decades, the portrait made at this place has taken pride of place in the album of millions of citizens. Coming here, you will love this color - red. The area, the photo of which is in our article, is liked by absolutely everyone.