Name of active volcanoes for the last 2 years. The most famous volcanoes Aso Volcano, Japan

A volcano is a geological formation that is located on cracks in the earth's crust. Through it, volcanic rocks, lava, ash, steam and poisonous gases come to the surface. Scientists are sure that every year 3 new volcanoes appear on our planet. Their total number is huge. More than 600 of them are active active volcanoes. They are located in different parts of the world and pose a serious danger to all living things.

Active volcanoes in Russia

Not all fire-breathing mountains are on land. Often they are located under water. This does not prevent their eruption at all. Fortunately, the most dangerous volcanoes are far beyond the borders of our country, but we also have such dangerous hills. In this article, we will introduce you to the lava-spewing mountains located in our country and abroad, which can be dangerous for people's lives.

Klyuchevskiy Volcano

It is located on the Bering Sea. This is the largest volcano in Russia. This is a whole complex consisting of 12 cones. The height of the volcano is 4750 meters. It has a crater with a diameter of more than half a kilometer. A mountain of perfect cone shape. Active volcanoes constantly emit acrid smoke, which can be seen above the Klyuchevskoy crater. Sometimes you can see bursts of lava. Volcanologists believe that it appeared more than 5,000 years ago. It has come to life more than 50 times over the past three centuries. The most powerful eruptions date back to the 19th century.

Volcano Tolbachik

The Klyuchevskaya group includes several volcanoes. One of them is Tolbachik. Its height is 3682 meters. Experts attribute it to the Hawaiian type of volcanoes. It has two cones - Sharp and Flat. Its diameter is about 2 kilometers. The last eruption was in 1976. It is considered the highest in Eurasia.

Ichinskaya Sopka

There are also active volcanoes in Russia in Kamchatka. In the center of the peninsula is Ichinskaya Sopka. This volcano has three cones, they are covered with glaciers, except for one, which is active. Its height reaches 3621 meters.

Kronotskaya Sopka

The next lava-spewing mountain is located in the east of Kamchatka. Its height is 3528 meters. It is believed that this is one of the largest volcanoes in Russia. It erupts quite rarely. At its very top you can see ice, and forests grow at the base. Near the volcano is the famous Valley of Geysers and Lake Kronotskoye.

Koryaksky volcano

Its highest cone reaches a height of 3456 meters. According to its type, it belongs to stratovolcanoes. Until now, the remains of lava and loose rocks have been found in the valley of the Koryakskaya Sopka.

Volcano Shiveluch

In the north of Kamchatka there is another volcano known to specialists. It is called Shiveluch. The mountain has two cones - Old Shiveluch and Young Shiveluch. The last one is still active. Its height is 3283 meters. This large volcano erupts quite frequently. The last time it happened was in 1964. Volcanologists are sure that the age of this mountain is more than 60 thousand years.

Volcano Avacha

It is located near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Its height is 2741 meters, the diameter of the crater is four hundred meters. The top of Avach is covered with glaciers, dense forests grow at its base. Its last eruption was recorded in 2001.

Volcano Shishel

It is also located in the north of Kamchatka. Shield volcano with a height of 2525 meters. To this day, it is considered active, but the date of the last eruption is not known for certain.

Active volcanoes of the world

These mountains, which spew fire and ash, are dangerous due to their direct impact - the release of thousands of tons of burning lava that can destroy entire cities. In addition, suffocating volcanic gases, the threat of tsunamis, distortion of the terrain and cardinal climate change pose a great danger.

Merali (Indonesia)

Active volcanoes on the islands of Indonesia are very dangerous. One of them is Merapi. It is the most active: powerful eruptions occur here every six to seven years, and small ones occur almost every year. Smoke rises from the crater almost every day, reminding the locals of the imminent threat.

Merali is famous for the largest eruption that occurred in 1006. The medieval state of Mataram suffered from it. The danger of the volcano lies in the fact that it is located near the densely populated city of Yogyakarta.

Sakurajima (Japan)

Often readers are interested in the most active volcanoes. It would be more correct to call them the most active. These include Sakurajima, which has been in a state of activity since 1955. The last eruption occurred in early 2009. Until last year (2014), the volcano was located on a separate island of the same name, but the lava flows froze and connected it to the Osumi Peninsula. The people living in Kagoshima City are used to Sakurajima's behavior and are always ready to take shelter.

Cotopaxi (Ecuador)

The highest active volcanoes are in America. The record holder in this is Cotopaxi, located 50 km from the city of Quito. Its height is 5897 m, depth is 450 m, the crater is 550x800 m in size. At an altitude of 4700 m, the mountain is covered with eternal snow.

Etna (Italy)

This volcano is well known. It has not one main crater, but many small ones. Etna is the highest active volcano in Europe, which is in constant activity. Its height is 3380 meters, its area is 1250 square kilometers.

Small eruptions occur after a few months. Despite this, the Sicilians densely populate the slopes of the volcano, since these places have very fertile soil (due to the presence of minerals and trace elements). The last eruption occurred in May 2011, with minor emissions of dust and ash in April 2013.

Vesuvius (Italy)

The active volcanoes of Italy are two more large mountains, except for Etna. Vesuvius and Stromboli.

In 79, the strongest eruption of Vesuvius destroyed the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae. Their inhabitants were buried under layers of pumice, lava and mud. The strongest eruption occurred in 1944. Then 60 people died, and the cities of Massa and San Sebastiano were completely destroyed. Scientists have calculated that Vesuvius destroyed nearby cities 80 times. Many active volcanoes in the world are not as well studied as this one. Due to this, researchers consider it the most predictable.

The territory of the volcano is protected. This is a national park that tourists from all over the world like to visit.

Colima (Mexico)

The active volcanoes of this country in our article are Nevado de Colima. Most of the time the mountain is covered with snow. Colima is very active - since 1576 it has erupted 40 times. The strongest eruption occurred in the summer of 2005.

Residents of nearby villages had to be evacuated. A column of ash shot up to a height of 5 km, causing a cloud of dust and smoke behind it.

Volcanoes are called cone-shaped or dome-shaped geological formations that appear at the site of earth faults in a zone of seismic activity, through which lava, ash, gas, steam, and various rocks of loose origin erupt to the surface. There are about a thousand volcanoes on our planet, a quarter of them are underwater.

The highest (by the way, dormant and has not erupted for the last 2 million years) is located on the territory of South America, on the border of Chile and Argentina - Ojos del Salado (“salty tears”), its height is 6890 meters above sea level, but Russia is also in in this regard, it does not lag behind, on its territory there is a huge accumulation (there are about 129 of them in Kamchatka, 30 of them are active) active and dormant volcanoes, which are not inferior to their foreign "brothers" either in beauty or in unstable, explosive "temper".

Together they form a single volcanic belt stretching along the entire eastern coast of Kamchatka. Volcanoes are also common in the Caucasus and the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, on the territory of the Siberian trap provinces and on Sakhalin.

The largest volcanoes in Russia

(Height over 3000m)

The most famous Russian volcanoes are: Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Koryakskaya Sopka, Kronotskaya Sopka, Avachinskaya Sopka, Ichinskaya Sopka, Karymskaya Sopka, Kamen, Ushkovsky, Tolbachik, Shishel, Shiveluch, Zimin Volcano. By the way, in the territory of Transbaikalia and the Far East, hills and mountains with a rounded top are called hills, in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands, volcanoes are called so.

Klyuchevskaya Sopka (5000m)

The active stratovolcano (they include intermittent layers of hardened lava and loose rocks) in the east of Kamchatka - Klyuchevskaya Sopka, has a height of about 5000 meters, this is one of the 12 cones that make up the Klyuchevskoy volcanoes group, they are located 60 km from the coast of the Barents Sea. It is the highest active volcano in Russia and throughout Eurasia. Its shape is a regular cone with a crater diameter of more than 1 km, above which a column of smoke is constantly visible and flashes of fire are visible, it is composed of cooled volcanic lava (basalt and andesite), the upper part is made of loose rocks, the peak is covered with glaciers, nearby, in village Klyuchi, there is a volcanological research station. For more than 300 years of continuous observations, about 50 eruptions were recorded, the most powerful were noted in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Stone (4585m)

The extinct ancient stratovolcano Kamen, 4585 m high, is located south of Klyuchevskaya Sopka, between it and the Bezymyanny volcano, forming a kind of three “friends” visible from everywhere. The structure of this volcano, in contrast to the strict cone-shaped forms of Klyuchevskaya Sopka, is characterized by asymmetry: on its eastern side, a sharp four-kilometer cliff is noticeable, like a giant castle, soaring to the heavens, at the foot of the large fragments and blocks of the once monolithic cone-shaped volcano are scattered, their sizes reach diameter 5-10 meters. Its peak is difficult to access, climbing ascents are organized from the western side.

Ushkovsky (3943m)

The active stratovolcano Ushkovsky with a height of 3943 meters has another name - Far Flat Sopka, located in the center of Kamchatka, west of Klyuchevskaya Sopka and belongs to the northern component of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes, as well as to the mountain system of the Eastern Range, part of the Eastern volcanic belt. Together with a nearby volcano called Krestovsky or Near Flat Hill, they form a single volcanic massif. Its shape is an elliptical truncated cone, the top in the form of a caldera (circus-shaped basin) has a diameter of about 5 km and a rounded shape filled with ice and firn. The last eruptions - the end of the 19th century (1890).

Tolbachik (3682m)

Tolbachik volcano (3682 m) has a Hawaiian type of eruption (it is characterized by outpourings of liquid basalt lava, with the formation of lava lakes and flows spreading for many kilometers), it is also included in the southwestern part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. At a distance of 50-70 km from it there are five settlements (the villages of Klyuchi, Mayskoye, Kozyrevsk, Lazo, Atlasovo with a population of about 8 thousand people living there). It consists of the highest cone called Ostroy Tolbachik, a smaller active cone - Plosky Tolbachik, and a gentle dome. The diameter of the crater is 2 km, the largest of all known eruptions is the Great Fissure Tolbachinsky Eruption of 1975, which resulted in the formation of new cinder cones, lava fields and a collapsed caldera in place of the crater at the top.

Ichinskaya Sopka (3621m)

The active stratovolcano Ichinskaya Sopka (3621 meters) in the very center of Kamchatka looks like three cones completely covered with glaciers. One of these cones is an active volcano, which is the second highest peak of the Sredinny Ridge. The volcano has a complex structure, is in a state of weak fumoral activity (periodic release of hot gases from small cracks and faults), the last eruption was in the 40s of the 18th century.

Kronotskaya Sopka (3528m)

The active (very rare) star volcano Kronotskaya Sopka (3528 m) is located in the east of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Its top has the appearance of a regular-shaped ribbed cone covered with glaciers; at the foot, rare woody vegetation grows in the form of dwarf pine and stone birch. Here is one of the most beautiful and picturesque places in the nature of the peninsula, not far from the volcano - Lake Kronotskoye (on the western slope) and the Valley of Geysers (a unique geyser field with numerous outlets of geysers, hot springs, mud pots, thermal sites, waterfalls and lakes).

Koryakskaya Sopka (3456m)

Koryakskaya Sopka (3456 m, until the 19th century it was called Strelochnaya Sopka) is an active stratovolcano belonging to the Avachinsky-Koryaksoy group of volcanoes, it is only 35 km from the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Its top is a regular truncated ribbed cone, consisting of basalt and andesite slag, ash and lava; traces of lava flows can be seen in the valleys. The summit is located in the zone of glacial deposits, the foot is in thickets of elfin cedar and stone birch. The last eruptions - the end of the 50s of the last century.

Volcano Zimina (3119m)

The extinct Zimin Volcano (3119 m) is a complex of stratovolcanoes belonging to the southeastern part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. It consists of Bolshoi Zimina volcano (western part) and Malaya Zimina or Mountain Tooth (eastern part), the highest point in the massif is Ovalnaya Zimina. At the top it has a kelder open to the north, the slopes below are composed of pyroclastic mountain deposits interspersed with lava.

An ordinary person does not see much difference between "extinct" and "sleeping" volcanoes. In fact, the differences are very significant, because a conditionally “sleeping” volcanic formation can suddenly wake up, and then it will not seem enough to anyone.

Another thing is that they are completely safe, which is actively used by travel companies and outdoor enthusiasts. What are the main features of extinct volcanoes?

The Physics of a Volcano Eruption - How It Becomes Extinct

The eruption occurs due to the presence in the magma not only of water vapor, but also of various gases: hydrogen chloride and fluoride, sulfur oxides and, methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.

In a "sleeping" volcano, the concentration of gases dissolved in magma corresponds to the level of pressure under which the magma is at a certain depth. Thus, a state of equilibrium is maintained.

However, due to earthquakes that shift parts of the crust, a decrease in pressure may occur, for example, in the area of ​​a magma chamber. The state of equilibrium is disturbed and the gases immediately increase in volume due to the transition to the gaseous state.

The foaming magma begins to move upward, which leads to an even greater drop in pressure, and hence to an acceleration of the process of outgassing from the magma.

Accordingly, the probability of his awakening tends to zero.

List of famous extinct volcanoes in the world

Volcanoes that do not pose any threat are located on all seven continents: in North and South America, Asia, Africa, Europe, Antarctica and Australia.

To date, there are over two hundred extinct volcanoes in the world. The most characteristic representatives of this type are presented below.

Rocky

This extinct volcano is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, in the very center of the Sredinny Range. The highest point of the volcano is at around 1759 meters above sea level.

According to geologists, the last time Kamenisty was active was about two and a half million years ago. The volcano was formed by lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The volcanic form in the form of a gentle cone does not end with a crater destroyed by erosion, but with a steep peak.

Arayat

It is located in Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines. The highest point is 1025 meters.

The last eruption occurred, most likely, about 10 thousand years ago. Despite the erosion that hit the northern and western parts of the crater, it still remained on top.

Damavand

It is located in the Iranian province of Mazendiran and is the highest point of the Elburs mountain system (5620 meters above sea level). The last eruption was recorded around 5350 BC.

Damavend has the shape of a gentle cone and rises above Elburz for one and a half kilometers. The volcanic cone was formed by andesitic lava, but there are also glaciers on the slopes.

Sajama (Sajama)

Located in Bolivia, in the Central Andes. The highest point above sea level is 6542 meters. Sajama is part of the National Park of the same name, located near the Chilean border.

The exact date of the last activity is not known for certain, but many scientists insist on the epoch of the Quaternary Holocene, i.e. about 12 thousand years ago.

Sajama is a classic cone-shaped stratovolcano, composed of hardened lava and its debris. At an altitude of more than 6000 meters, it is covered with never-melting snow and ice.

Aconcagua

It is considered the highest extinct volcano located all in the same Andes, but already on Argentinean territory. The peak is located at around 6961 meters above sea level.

Aconcagua, he is considered not only the champion among his fellows, but also the highest point of the southern and western hemispheres. For these merits, he even got into the list of the highest peaks of the six parts of the world "Seven Summits".

Aconcagua is also one of the oldest volcanic formations on the planet.

The exact date is unknown, but many scientists conclude that it arose about 150 million years ago.

Excursions to extinct volcanoes

The traditional excursion lasts 1-2 days and involves either climbing to the peaks by helicopters or hiking.

Some volcanoes are even equipped with special areas where tourists can stop and enjoy the natural views from high altitudes.

Extinct volcanoes are not only a living reminder of the great power of nature.

Thanks to their large number anywhere in the world, anyone can organize an appropriate hiking trip and get an unforgettable experience.

Volcanoes are geological formations that form above cracks in, through which lava, ash, loose rocks, boiling gases and water break out.

Active volcanoes include volcanoes that erupted in historical time or showed other signs of activity (emission of gases and steam, etc.). Some scientists consider active those volcanoes, which are reliably known to have erupted within the last 10 thousand years.

The largest cluster of active volcanoes in a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe planet is located in the zone of the Malay Archipelago - the largest on Earth, located between the mainland and. On the territory of Russia, the largest number of active volcanoes is in the area of ​​the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. Approximately 60 volcanoes erupt every year, and about a third of them erupted in the previous year. There is information about 627 volcanoes that have erupted over the past 10 thousand years.

Volcanoes are not only an exciting and dangerous sight. It is thanks to volcanic activity that life on planet Earth was born. The atmosphere and hydrosphere appeared due to the release of huge amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor. To date, some fire-breathing mountains are inactive, while others cause trouble and anxiety to mankind.

Volcano Vesuvius. Italy

It is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Europe. It was he who in August 1979 destroyed several ancient Roman cities, including Pompeii. It wakes up about every 20 years. The last time was in 1944.

Volcano Yellowstone Caldera. USA

About a third of the territory of Yellowstone National Park is occupied by an active volcano. Inside its bubble of magma constantly heats the thermal springs, which is manifested in the formation of geysers and mud pots.

Volcano Krakatau. Indonesia

The last time it erupted was in 1883, as a result of which the island on which the volcano is located was destroyed. The process lasted from May to the end of August. The victims of the ash and tsunami were 36 thousand people and 259 settlements. Today, a 1.5 km zone around the island is closed to the public.

Volcano Mauna Loa. Hawaii

This is the second largest of the megavolcanoes, the top of which is covered with snow from January to March. Sometimes he wakes up and pours out lava flows.

Mount Kilimanjaro. Tanzania, Africa

The volcano consists of 3 extinct peaks. However, scientists have found that only at a depth of 400 m under the crater of the mountain is red-hot lava. In addition, the centuries-old ice cap that covered the peak has almost melted.

Eyjafjallajokull volcano. Iceland

Not so long ago, the volcano paralyzed the work of several European airports. The eruption was rated at 4 points on the VEI scale. Some researchers believe that the awakening of Eyyafyatlayokudl may be the trigger for the Katla eruption.

Volcano Cotopaxi. Ecuador

This is the most active volcano. After more than 150 years of silence, Cotopaxi came to life again in 2015. Fortunately, no one was hurt.

Volcano Merapi. Java island

One of the most active volcanoes erupts at least twice a year, and major eruptions occur every seven years. Local residents have to evacuate. The top of Merapi smokes non-stop.

Volcano Popocatepetl. Mexico

The most powerful eruption occurred in 2000. It was preceded by 15 years of increased activity of the fiery mountain. In March 2016, Popocatepetl raised a column of steam, gas and ash to a height of 2 km. At risk are the cities of Mexico City and Puebla.