The most popular mountains for climbing. The most beautiful mountains of Russia available for climbing. Switzerland. Vale. Monte Rosa mountain range

If you dream of conquering the top of a serious mountain, but do not have much experience and a good level of preparation, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with our selection of mountains that are ideal for beginner climbers.

Climbing the classic alpine four-thousanders will be a real pleasure for those who are just trying their hand at rock climbing. The smooth snow-covered slopes of the Monte Rosa mountain range, which serves as a natural border between Switzerland and Italy, seem to be created in order to reach for the sky. Each of the routes for beginners, designed to climb Breithorn (4164 m), Castor (4228 m) and Pollux (4092 m), is marked and practically devoid of rock obstacles. All along the way, comfortable parking lots are spread out like umbrellas on the beaches, and stationary insurance protects against the danger threatening in difficult areas. The ascent is so easy and attractive that even the Italian Queen Margarita did not refuse it at one time. Those who want to be in the same house on the top, where she contemplated the snowy peaks, painted with soft sunlight, only need to take a basic course in mountaineering techniques and full acclimatization.

Photo: ru-travel.livejournal.com

The scenery in the west of the Sierra Nevada mountain range is so amazing that sometimes it seems like it's the scenery for a movie or computer graphics. Yosemite has long been known as a Mecca for rock climbers: the cream of the climbing community flocks to the park full of monumental granite peaks. There's something for everyone: the pros excel at slot climbing the walls of El Capitan, while less-skilled climbers turn their sights on Half Dome's monolithic ridge, Half Dome. The slopes of the valley symbol, towering 2694 meters above sea level, are dotted with dozens of routes. The path to the top of the cliff passes under the supervision of instructors and does not portend any particular difficulties. The only moment that can cause trembling in the knees is the last 150 meters of the twelve-kilometer path. In order to climb up, climbers must walk along a special rope, keeping their balance with the help of metal supports located on the sides.

Photo: naturaltopwonders.com

Belukha, Gorny Altai, Russia

Following the Tronov brothers, who made the first ascent to the highest point of Altai, located 4506 meters above sea level, eco-tourists, trekkers, and climbers rushed to Belukha. The number of travelers arriving at the foot of the mountain per year exceeds 2,000 people. Belukha is famous for its special pristine beauty: picturesque alpine meadows replace the tongues of glaciers, and rivers born among the ice form saucers of lakes and noisy streams of waterfalls. Climbing to the mountain peak attracts both professional climbers and inexperienced amateurs. While the aces hone their skills, battling the harsh winds and sheer cliffs of the almost inaccessible north side, beginners enjoy the fresh air and scenery on the much easier southern and eastern slopes. Requirements for training are minimal: only the presence of good physical shape and basic climbing skills is required. For those who are not confident in their own abilities, instructors work on the territory of the Belukha Natural Park, equipment can be rented.

Photo: petly.livejournal.com

“It comes from Zanzibar. He goes to Kilimanjaro, ”the rhyme about the good doctor Aibolit joyfully broadcast. To conquer the "Roof of Africa", reaching a height of 5895 meters, it is not at all necessary to be a professional climber. From each - according to his abilities, to each - according to his needs, the creators of the Kilimanjaro National Park decided and developed several dozen routes. If you are not yet ready to repeat the extreme path of the legendary Temple, Messner and Lecher, stop your choice on the Marangu route, passing through the most picturesque corners and equipped with comfortable parking, on the less impressive, but not so crowded Rongai, or on the straight and short, but quite spectacular Mweka and Umbre. Designed specifically for beginners, these programs do not require prior experience or difficult and potentially dangerous terrain. You will need quite a bit: exact adherence to the acclimatization schedule, a positive attitude and an irrepressible thirst for adventure.

After taking a souvenir photo at the top of one of the highest volcanoes on the planet, go to conquer the six-thousanders. An ideal opportunity to reach new heights without mastering complex technical skills and without exposing life to unnecessary risk is Imja Tse Peak, located in the Himalayas and towering at 6189 meters. Although officially Island Peak (as this mountain is commonly called) is not classified as difficult, it is considered to be the most accessible peak among such giants. Despite the fact that one cannot do without preliminary acclimatization, the climbing route will not be difficult for people who have completed basic training and know how to “walk crampons”, work with an ice ax and handle a rope. The most dangerous and exciting stages of the ascent are the passage along the glacier and the ridge, climbing the ice wall along the railing and crossing the rocky couloir. When you reach the sky, take a breath and look around: from here you can enjoy incomparable views of the gigantic peaks of Nuptse, Lhotse, Ama Dablam and Makalu.

Mountains have always challenged man, attracted him and teased him with their impregnability. And, tragic as it may seem, not all of those who accept this challenge and leave to conquer the peaks come back later. Some remain captives of the mountains forever, warning the one who follows in their footsteps. Mountains cause dozens of deaths every year. Landslides and avalanches, a blizzard and wind ripping off clothes from the body - it seems that nature itself does not want people to disturb its stone giant children. But those who want to climb the next peak do not become less from this. And today you have a dozen deadly peaks in front of you, the conquest of which turns into a real Russian roulette.

Everest

Annapurna

Mont Blanc

Nanga Parbat

Kanchenjunga

K2

Aigar

Fitzroy

Vinson Massif

Matterhorn

Mountain peaks lost in the clouds have always attracted people with their grandeur and inaccessibility. This is how a person works, that he needs to assert himself and feel like the ruler of the world. And where else can you experience the heady feeling of omnipotence, if not at a great height, to which even birds cannot fly. Therefore, for many decades, thousands of climbers have been storming the highest mountains of the planet covered with ice and snow in order to prove to themselves and others their exclusivity.

However, mountain peaks are different. Some are friendly to climbers, while others can be described as the most dangerous mountains that can take the life of stubborn climbers. Their icy slopes are characterized by landslides, snow avalanches, strong winds, and at high altitude, a lack of oxygen begins to be felt.

The cohort of the most dangerous mountains includes Everest- the highest peak in the world. The height of this giant mountain formation is 8848 meters. Tens of thousands of professional climbers dream of conquering it. The first ascent to the summit took place on May 29, 1953. Since then, more than 7.5 thousand people have climbed the summit, and over 3 thousand people have climbed Everest more than 1 time.

The body of a deceased climber on Everest

But let's not forget the dead. There are about 300 of them. And who knows, maybe at the moment when you are reading these lines, another rock climber is dying on the slope of a majestic mountain. This huge mountain range has long been called a cemetery for climbers. At the same time, no one removes the bodies of the dead, since there are simply no opportunities for this. Frozen remains in bright clothes lie at different heights for years and begin to serve as landmarks for other climbers.

So the corpse of Indian citizen Tsevang Palzhor lay at an altitude of 8.5 thousand meters for 17 years. He was even nicknamed "green shoes", as Paljora wore bright green shoes before climbing. And there are a lot of such bodies on the icy slopes of Everest. And people are dying because of severe weather conditions. An icy wind penetrating through, a temperature of minus 50-60 degrees Celsius, a lack of oxygen in a rarefied atmosphere - all this contributes to the death of climbers. But nothing stops people, and they stubbornly climb up.

More dead climbers

Nothing good can be said about another mountain in the Himalayas, called Annapurna. Its height reaches 8091 meters, and all these meters are one continuous danger, covered with ice growths. When conquering this mountain, up to 40% of climbers died.

There is a mountain in the Himalayas of Pakistan Nanga Parbat with a height of 8126 meters. Before Everest gained popularity among climbers, it was this mountain that ranked first in terms of the number of deaths. She even got the nickname "mountain killer". In 1953, 62 people died at once while trying to reach its summit. But apparently Nanga Parbat quenched the thirst for blood, and in subsequent years, the death rate of climbers has significantly decreased. Currently, it does not exceed 5.5%.

View of Mount Annapurna

The most dangerous mountains would lose their high status if they did not include such a mountain peak as Kanchenjunga with a height of 8586 meters. It is located in the Himalayas and is considered the third highest in the world. For climbers, it is a real nightmare due to inclement weather and constant avalanches. Mortality among those who dream of conquering this wayward mountain reaches 25%.

The mountain can boast of no less bloodlust Chogori with a height of 8614 meters, also belonging to the Himalayas. On it, the conditions for climbing are extreme. The harsh peak does not forgive even the smallest mistakes, and therefore every 4th climber who dreams of conquering it dies. In winter, climbing is not possible at all.

However, not only the Himalayas can boast the most dangerous mountains. The Alps, located in prosperous Europe, pose no less danger. Here the leading position is occupied by such a mountain peak as Mont Blanc with a maximum height of 4810 meters. The first ascent of this mountain range dates back to August 8, 1786. In 1808, the majestic mountain was conquered by the woman Maria Paradis. However, for more than 200 years, several thousand climbers have died on the slopes of Mont Blanc, and therefore the mountain is considered the record holder for mortality.

View of Mount Eiger

Another mountain in the Alps poses a great danger - Eiger. It is located in Switzerland, and the height of this mountain formation reaches 3970 meters. The Eiger is considered one of the deadliest peaks in the world, although its height is not very impressive. This peak is often referred to as the "man-eater". It is notable for its large elevation difference and constantly changing weather. For a century and a half of ascents, this peak claimed the lives of 65 people.

The most dangerous mountains in the world include Matterhorn- a mountain peak in the Alps on the border of Switzerland and Italy with a height of 4478 meters. This is one of the most difficult peaks in the Alps to conquer. Its northern slope is considered impregnable and technically difficult to climb. Also, avalanches and rockfalls often occur on the Matterhorn. True, despite this, the wayward peak was conquered twice in 1865. But one of the groups of 4 people on the way back fell into the abyss due to a cable break.

View of the Matterhorn

But not only in Eurasia are the most dangerous mountains in the world. They are also in America. Here you can name Fitzroy with a height of 3359 meters. Its location is Patagonia, on the border between Chile and Argentina. This majestic granite peak is one of the most dangerous in the world for climbers. Only one successful ascent is recorded here per year.

Climbers face two problems. The first is in a sheer section with a height of 600 meters. The second problem rests on inclement weather. It can last for weeks and kills any desire to climb rocks. In addition, you can climb Fitzroy only from December to February, when summer reigns in the Southern Hemisphere.

View of Mount Fitzroy

Relatively high popularity among climbers enjoys vinson array located in Antarctica. Its height reaches 4892 meters. However, the mountains of Antarctica are not considered difficult to climb in a climbing environment. Since 1958, at least one and a half thousand people have climbed their peaks. The hardest part is getting to the massif, but Antarctica favors penguins more than people. Therefore, disappearing forever in a snow storm does not seem to be a great difficulty here.

We have collected for you the five most dangerous mountains in the world and learned from a professional climber all the subtleties of preparing for the ascent.

December 11 is International Mountain Day. This holiday appeared quite recently, only at the UN assembly in 2003, which is very surprising, given how important mountains are to our world. Not only do they make up a quarter of the entire land surface and are home to over ten percent of the population; mountains are the basis of the economic prosperity of mankind. And also, in the pagan cultures of the world, mountains have always been a sacred place - the abode of spirits and gods (the same ancient Greek Olympus).

But not all mountains are beautiful and serene. Among them there are also real predators who strictly judge everyone who decides to conquer them.

"360 Moscow Region" decided to recall the most cruel and treacherous peaks of the world, which are always ready to throw down an unlucky climber. And, if you immediately remember Everest with a height of 8844 meters, then you are not quite right. Although at its top the temperature drops to -60 degrees, and the wind speed sometimes reaches two hundred meters per second, this is not the most dangerous peak in the world.

More than three thousand climbers conquered Everest, both alone and as part of a group. Oh yes, a 13-year-old blind child and a 73-year-old woman also climbed this mountain in a group. And although Everest has collected its bloody harvest from those who decided to get to the top, there are peaks in the world that are more dangerous.

In addition to a selection of the most dangerous peaks in the world, "360 Moscow Region" learned about some of the difficulties and subtleties of mountaineering from Anna Pomazova, a professional mountain climber.

Kanchenjunga

Photo : dic.academic.ru

Kanchenjunga (8586 meters) is not only the third highest peak in the world, but also one of the most dangerous climbing routes on the entire globe. With the rest of the peaks of the world, a simple rule applies: technological innovations reduce mortality. Kanchenjunga, on the other hand, is completely indifferent to technological progress. The top continues to kill climbers with frightening frequency, and mortality has only increased in recent years.

The name of the mountain is translated from Tibetan as the Five Treasures of the Great Snows. The five peaks of Kanchenjunga are the five treasures: silver, gold, jewels, grain and sacred texts. The mountain (endowed by the locals with a female spirit) jealously guards its treasures and tries to kill anyone who encroaches on them. By the way, Kanchenjunga especially hates female climbers. Only one of them was able to conquer this mountain - the Englishwoman Ginette Harrison. True, six months later, she tragically died during the conquest of Mount Dhaulagiri.

- What are the features of preparation for high-mountain ascents?

Training must be appropriate to the problems that may arise at altitude. Basically, this is the so-called mountain sickness, which occurs due to the fact that a person is not used to altitude. This is oxygen deficiency, so training should include elements with a breath load. It is possible to run up and down in ragged distances, faster or slower. So that the respiratory system is trained.

Another aspect is muscular physical training. This is a big load in the first place on the legs. The most useful is running and walking (at a fast pace). Moreover, it is necessary to train not on flat terrain, preferably hills with ups and downs, not asphalt roads, but unpaved ones. For climbers and those who go to the mountains, the main training is running. Well, plus to this, since there are often technical elements during climbing, you also need to squat, pull yourself up. That is, of course, general physical training. The exercises seem to be banal, but, nevertheless, quite important in order to prepare for a trip to the mountains.

Chogori, or K2

Photo : dic.academic.ru

Chogori (8611 meters) is the most difficult and dangerous peak in the world, despite the fact that it is the second highest after Everest. This is hell and at the same time the Holy Raal of any self-respecting climber. Only 284 climbers were able to conquer K2. The overall mortality of mountain climbers on this peak is 25%. This peak could not be conquered in the winter.

- What do they eat in the mountains?

Food is very individual and, probably, there are no uniform standards. Now there are many different types of products, including for athletes. But the main so-called "layout" should come from how many calories we are going to burn there. And, accordingly, you need to try to restore this number of calories. This, of course, is very difficult, because you can’t carry heavy products, and it’s not always possible to take a large amount either. Therefore, they take the most high-calorie foods, for example, chocolate, something meat - sausages, lard. And the main dishes, as in ordinary life, are cereals and pasta. Some athletes do take active supplements, but this is not a dogma, and not many people are passionate about this.

Annapurna

Photo : dic.academic.ru

This is not one peak, but a whole mountain range in the Himalayas, the highest point of which reaches a height of 8091 meters. Annapurna is the tenth highest of all eight-thousanders. She was the first of the mountains of this type allowed a man to conquer his peak. However, this does not give reason to think that climbing it is a pleasure trip. Some thirty years ago, every second climber forever remained on the slopes of Annapurna, but now these figures have become more optimistic: the death rate of climbers on the mountain is about 19%.

- There is another question: what is harder, climb or descend?

Of course, everything depends on specific places, specific peaks and the abilities of a person. More often than not, lifting seems to be the hardest part. But there is such a nuance that, firstly, after lifting, the legs get tired. When you go down hard and the load is unusual for a person, a little leg is directed down. And this load is very large and many say that it is harder for them to go down. In addition, there is also such an aspect that the ascent is often delayed, this is a rather difficult event, for several hours, or even for several days. And when the descent begins, the person is already very tired. The descent is difficult because of this, there is no strength. All forces are put on the rise, because it is believed that the goal is achieved when a person is at the top. But, in fact, it was achieved when you returned.

Eiger

The Eiger is a peak in the Bernese Alps with a height of only 3970 meters. "Not even four thousand? And what's so dangerous here?" - You will say and you will be wrong. Despite the "childish" height, this peak competed with the eight-thousanders in terms of danger and difficulty of climbing. Moreover, for a long time there was not even an attempt to reach the top: it just seemed impossible. The thing is that in the last part of the route, glaciers and pieces of rock roll down on climbers over and over again from a two-kilometer slope. The Eiger is an icy hell that can still fill up a gaping climber with tons of ice.

- Are there unconquered peaks in the world?

Of course, there are more. Of course, they are getting smaller. Basically, of course, they are concentrated in the Himalayas. This is not yet fully explored mountain piece.

Banntha Brakk

The Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan has always been infamous among climbers. But among all the peaks, Banntha Brakk (7285 meters) was the most inaccessible and deadly. Only three ascents of it were completed successfully, and between the first (1977) and the second (2001) 24 years passed. For the bloodthirsty disposition, the locals called the mountain "cannibal".

When attempts are made to conquer the highest and most dangerous peaks, the process resembles a "hussar roulette". First of all, we are talking about climbing the mountains "eight-thousanders". It is well known that at an altitude of 5000 m above sea level in the human body, which has not undergone special training, there is a lack of oxygen, its adaptation and overall performance decrease.

At an altitude of more than 8000 meters, the amount of oxygen decreases significantly and is only 30% of the norm required for the human body, such conditions are very dangerous for health.

So, the most dangerous mountains where the so-called physiological zone of the atmosphere ends.

Tibet, Western Nepal

Mountain (Tibet, Western Nepal) - 8091 meters above sea level. The Annapurna mountain range is part of the Main Himalayan Range. The top of Annapurna is considered the most difficult to climb. In confirmation of this, the names of the mountain given by the locals: Durga - "Impregnable", Kali - "Black", "Terrible". The death rate when trying to conquer it reaches 41%.

Annapurna

Annapurna has earned fame as the first eight-thousander in history conquered by man. It was first crossed by the French Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal on June 3, 1950. They spent about 14 days on the descent from the mountain, the result of severe frostbite was the loss of all toes, and Maurice also had frostbite on his hands. It is also believed that this is the most outstanding achievement in the history of world mountaineering.

Since the first ascent, another 130 people have tried to climb to the top. In terms of the danger that awaits rock climbers, Annapurna has no equal in the world. One of the biggest tragedies happened here in 2014, when 39 climbers were caught in snow storms and a series of avalanches. All died.

Chogori K2

The mountain peak in the Karakoram, Chogori K2 - 8611 meters above the sea surface, occupies the second position among the highest points in the world. It rises up on the border of Pakistan and China. Chogori is considered dangerous for human climbing from a technical point of view. Even the easiest of her routes involve overcoming steep cliffs, glaciers in the form of overhanging blocks and pillars. It is technical difficulties that explain the 25% death rate of extreme people trying to conquer K2.

Most climbers prefer to overcome the route from Pakistan. But even here danger lies in wait for them - the narrowest point of the path, where avalanches can overtake at any moment. Conquering K2 in winter is considered impossible.

Nanga Parbat

Mount Chogori, according to the technical complexity of the routes, is slightly inferior to Mount Nanga Parbat (“Naked Mountain”), reaching 8126 m. The peak is located in the northwestern part of the Himalayan mountains. The only way to get to the top is by walking along a very narrow ridge - the southern side (4600 meters high) is recognized as the largest mountain slope in the world.

Nanga Parbat was first climbed in 1953 by Herman Buhl. The rock climber undertook a 40-hour ascent without the help of an ice ax and oxygen. Since then, 263 people have climbed it, and 62 climbers have died over the entire period. The death rate is 21%. The mountains received the well-deserved name "Mountains-killers" and "Absorbers of man." But, despite this, the mountain attracts extreme people, especially the non-criminal ice wall of the southern slope, and daredevils challenge it.

Kanchenjunga

In India, there is another mountain that is dangerous for climbing - Kanchenjunga ("Mountain of Five Treasures"). This is the highest point of the Himalayas - 8586 meters above the sea surface and the third highest point in the world.

For half a century, Kanchenjunga remained unconquered, and only in 1955 climbers managed to reach its summit. There are no marked routes or trails on the mountain. Difficulties are added by frequent inclement weather and regular avalanches. During all this time, only 187 athletes managed to reach its peak. It is worth noting that the number of deaths only increases over time, and today it is 22%.

Mont Blanc

Mount Mont Blanc ("White Mountain") is the highest mountain in Western Europe - 4810 meters. Nearby, on the mountain range of the same name, there are popular ski resorts of Chamonix and Courmayeur.

The technical characteristics of the ascent to Mont Blanc are not particularly difficult, but accidents occur every year. Unfavorable weather conditions and regular convergence of avalanches affect. For the first time, the top of Montenvieux, adjacent to Mont Blanc, was climbed in 1741 by the British - William Wyndham and Richard Pocock. And already in August 1786, Michel Paccard and Jacques Balma conquered Mont Blanc.

Matterhorn

The Matterhorn (4478 meters) is known for its uniqueness. In shape, it is very reminiscent of a horn, as if growing out of a valley. It is located in a picturesque alpine area, in the border zone between Italy and Switzerland. Despite its relatively low altitude, this peak has the highest mortality rate in the Alps. As the complexity they call: avalanches, rockfalls, technical characteristics and load on the routes.

In Switzerland, there is another dangerous mountain - the Eiger ("Man-Eater"), only 3,962 meters high. The most dangerous in her is the so-called "death wall", 2000 meters long, from which blocks of melted ice break off and slide. Rock climbers storm the summit during the hungriest months of the year for safety reasons. The Eiger was first conquered in 1938. During this time, 64 athletes died on its slopes.

Broad Peak is located in Pakistan, climbers climb its two highest peaks - 8028 and 8051 m above sea level. The laurels of the discoverer of climbing the Peak belong to the legendary Herman Buhl. For the first time he conquered the summit himself, and in 1957 he undertook the ascent, leading a team of Austrian climbers. The fatal outcome when trying to climb Broad Peak is 5%.

Gasherbrum

Pakistani Mount Gasherbrum I ("Beautiful Mountain"), 8068 meters high, has a 9% climbing fatality rate. For the first time it was overcome in 1958 by climbers from America. They undertook a successful eight-man expedition led by the most famous and experienced climbers of the time, Pete Schoenning and Andy Kaufman. The climb to the top of Gasherbrum is recognized by experts as not difficult, but 8% of those who want to climb to the top die on its slopes.

Nepal gave the world - Makalau ("Black Giant"). Its height is 8481 meters above the sea surface. It resembles a very steep four-sided pyramid. Desperate daredevils (9%) die here when descending the mountain every year. There are regular shifts of ice blocks and a high probability of storm winds (up to 120 km per hour), in winter the air temperature reaches minus 40 degrees.

In Nepal, there is also the "Mountain of the Spirit" - Manaslu (8156 meters). It was first conquered by Japanese climbers in 1956. Mortality among climbers is 10%, the consequences of snow avalanches, landslides, monsoon winds affect. One of the most famous and terrible incidents: the camp, set up at an altitude of 6500 meters, was literally wiped off the cliff. The entire expedition, consisting of 15 people, perished.

Dhaulagiri

Nepalese cannibal mountain - Dhaulagiri I ("White Mountain"), the height reaches 8167 m. Mortality during climbing is 16%, the main reason is frequent and strong avalanches. Its southern side is considered completely impregnable for climbing. But these characteristics excite even more desperate climbers.

Everest

A little less dangerous is climbing the highest and most famous mountain point in the world - Everest or Chomolungma ("Mother of the Universe", "Divine Mother of Snows"), rises to 8848 m. It is located on the border area between Nepal and China. Everest is also a whole mountain range, which includes the top of Lhotse - 8516 m, Nuptse - 7861 m and Changse - 7543 m.

Climbing Everest is very popular with experienced climbers. The standard climbing route does not have complex technical characteristics, but climbers are annoyed by strong winds, changeable weather conditions, and lack of oxygen.

Everest rises 3-6 centimeters above the surface every year and shifts 7 centimeters to the northeast. Every year, up to 30 people die trying to conquer Elbrus - the highest peak in Europe (5642 m). Elbrus is an extinct volcano located in the western Caucasus. The summit is covered with an ice blanket consisting of 22 glaciers.

It is also worth noting the highest and most dangerous mountain points of the continents:

• In the Andes, South America - the peak of Aconcagua, 6959 m high. Although from the point of view of mountaineering, it is considered easy.

• In North America - Mount McKinley, height 6135 m. Extreme people prefer climbing from May to July.

• In Africa, on the territory of Tanzania, there is the famous Kilimanjaro 5895 m. Every year, the peak "considers" attempts to climb up to 40,000 amateur climbers to it.

• The highest peak in Antarctica is Vinson Peak, 4892 m high. It is located 1200 kilometers from the South Pole of the Earth.

• Mount Punchak-Jaya 4884 m - the highest point in Australia and Oceania is located in Indonesia. For the first time it was overcome in 1962 by climbers from Austria, led by Heinrich Garrer. The mountain has a high technical rating, which attracts extreme sportsmen.