Aircraft components. The main parts of the aircraft and their purpose. Why the plane is the safest mode of transport in the world

In one month, I had two trips ahead of me: with children on vacation in Turkey, then with my parents in the Crimea. I bought plane tickets in advance, but I had to determine the best seats on the plane on the spot. For both cases, this choice turned out to be so different that I even made notes to myself where my favorite passengers would sit in a Boeing or Airbas next time. :)

Flying with children: a window seat

The children flew not for the first time, and even before landing they began to argue who would sit near the porthole. For children, we choose seats by the airplane window! We decided that we would change: when taking off, the younger one, and the second part of the journey and landing, the older one. I have a seat by the corridor. There are usually three chairs in a row, - at the window, these are seats A and D, at the aisle, seats C and F. Distribute food start from the beginning and from the end of the aircraft; it turned out that the middle places received their dinners very last, and the tea was over, so we had to eat quickly, without ceremony. The view from the window was slightly hindered by the wing of the aircraft, it was the middle 19th row.

Flying with parents

Flying with older people turned out to be no easier than with children. For parents, chairs near the aisle were more convenient: it was easier for them to get up to the toilet, they could put their stiff leg out into the corridor. And psychologically Seats near the aircraft corridor turned out to be more comfortable for parents: they enjoyed watching the flight attendants and other passengers.

Here is my experience of choosing seats on an airplane:
For any options, the best rows are at the beginning of the plane, the fifth sixth row. Passengers with small children often sit in the front row, sometimes they cry. There is a kitchen and a toilet at the tail of the plane, it may turn out that it is noisy and mobile there.
Is there some more emergency exits, usually rows 17-18. Children and the elderly are usually not put there. There are pluses and minuses: the distance between the chairs is greater, it is more comfortable for the legs. But you cannot take any bags or things to these places at the emergency exits, they must be left upstairs where the luggage is.

How to get the best seats on a plane

To make the best places yours, there are several options:

• When buying a ticket online, you can choose a seat on the plane, although they charge a small fee for this.
• If we register via the Internet, the free seats on the plane will be shown on the screen.
• When registering at the counter, you can ask for a seat at the window or at the corridor, but for this you need to be among the first, that is, arrive at the beginning of registration, in advance.

Even if you have another seat left, you can ask fellow travelers to change. This must be done quickly, before the plane starts moving.

If you like to travel a lot and often, then you probably spend a lot of time on the road, namely on board an airplane. If the flight does not last long, then you do not pay attention to small inconveniences, but if you need to fly for 8-10 hours, then comfort is of great importance, and other things being equal, I will always choose more convenient flight conditions.

The comfort of your flight depends on many factors - entertainment on board, but most importantly - on the convenience of the very place where you will spend almost the entire journey. Today I want to talk about the difference between different seats on board an aircraft, how to find out in advance which cabin will be on your flight, and how to choose the seat you like.

To choose the best seat on board an aircraft, you must first find out which aircraft you will be flying on. Moreover, even the same aircraft from different airlines may have a different seating arrangement, so it is important to find out not just the type of aircraft, but the specific aircraft.

You can do this even before buying a ticket on the airline's website (in the flight schedule) or in the ticket search engine.

For example, when searching for a ticket for a flight, you can immediately see the name of the airline and the flight number in the route description. Let's look at the example of a London-New York flight:

The first segment of the flight will be operated by Norwegian Air, flight number DY-2802. Using this information, you can learn more about a particular aircraft at www.seatguru.com and www.seatexpert.com.

2. Where to find the interior layout

You can also view the scheme of the cabin on specialized sites.

Let's try to find the layout of the aircraft cabin for the same flight London-New York for the first segment of the flight at www.seatguru.com.

First, on the main page, enter the necessary information - the name of the airline and the flight number (we already learned them on the ticket search engine or on the airline's website):

A window opens where you can see what the plane will be like. To see the layout of the salon, click "View map":

A page with detailed information about the aircraft opens, as well as a seating diagram:

3. Features of different places on board the aircraft

In addition to a detailed study of the schemes, you need to remember some features of different places on board and select the best place based on your needs. Consider the different types of seats on the plane.

3.1. Emergency exit seats

If your height is above average, then these places are created especially for you! There is much more legroom in the row opposite the emergency exit than in regular seats. But there are also restrictions - hand luggage will have to be removed to the luggage rack, because. safety rules do not allow you to put things in the aisle to the emergency exit. So you can’t put anything under your own or under the seat of the passenger in front. Also, passengers with children are not allowed to sit at emergency exits. it is assumed that there should be a person sitting at the emergency exit who will be able to help the flight attendants open the emergency exit and carry out the evacuation of passengers.

Also note that if your seat is located in the row that is in front of the emergency row, you will not be able to recline the back of the chair so as not to block the emergency exit.

3.2. Seats at the beginning of the plane

• Most often, the very first row is booked for frequent flyers and passengers with children. So keep in mind that you may not be able to sleep because of a crying baby. Although you are not insured against this in other places, but here the probability is higher.
• Service starts right from the front rows, so you will have the maximum choice of dishes.
• You will have to walk to the toilet, because. business class toilets are normally not allowed to be used.
• After landing, you will be able to leave the plane in the first rows, right after the first and business class passengers.

3.3. Seats in the middle of the plane

These places do not have pronounced disadvantages or advantages. When choosing a seat in the middle of the plane, pay attention to whether the wing of the plane will block your view if you plan to sit near the window.

3.4. Seats at the tail of the aircraft

According to statistics, the places located in the tail section of the aircraft are considered the safest, because. most of the passengers who survived the crash were in the tail section.

But there are no absolutely safe places, so let's look at other features of these places:

• there are toilets in the tail section, which, on the one hand, is convenient - you don’t have to go far, but on the other hand, people will always walk next to you, so it can be very noisy.
• there are not always windows on the last rows, so if you want to enjoy the views, look in advance at the diagram of the aircraft on which you will fly.
• also on the last row the back may not recline, because. no extra bed provided.
• if you like to photograph the view from the porthole, then please note that there may be poor visibility in the tail section due to the exhaust plume.
• if the plane is not packed to capacity, then most of the empty seats are usually in the tail section, so that you can take several seats at once, comfortably lounging.
• if you are flying with a transfer, then it is better not to sit at the very tail of the plane, because. You can only leave the last one, thereby losing a lot of time.
• food distribution usually starts from the beginning or middle of the plane, so if you did not order special meals, some dishes may not be enough for you (for example, you eat only fish, and only a few portions with meat remain).

3.5. The most uncomfortable places

In addition to relatively convenient places that have both advantages and disadvantages, there are also places that are absolutely not recommended to sit on, for example:

• seats in the row located in front of the emergency exit. You won't be able to recline your back.
• seats in the middle row (if the aircraft has three rows of seats, with the layout 3-3-3, 3-4-3, 2-5-2). Especially if you are sitting in the middle of this row - it is difficult to get out to the toilet, you may have to let passengers through yourself, it is also difficult to get something from the luggage rack, it takes the longest time to get out after the plane has stopped.
• places next to the toilet - there may be an unpleasant smell, as well as people scurrying back and forth will not let you rest.

4. How to book a specific seat on board

When you have decided on the place you want to take, you need to book it. You can do this both in advance and immediately before departure. At the same time, you need to understand that the earlier you start booking a place, the more likely it will be to take exactly what you want.

So, there are several options for booking a seat.

4.1. Booking when buying a ticket

If you, then most likely it will be possible to book a place on board immediately upon purchase. Find out about this option right away.

Peculiarities. If you are flying on a low-cost airline, then most likely an additional fee will be charged for booking a specific seat. So I don’t see the point of booking something in advance, only if for some reason you really need a certain place (for example, you are traveling with a child and want to be sure in advance that you will sit next to or take a seat in the first row) . If you do not book a seat in advance, then it is likely that you will be able to use another selection option, more on that below.

4.2. Booking in your account

If you bought your ticket from an intermediary (for example, through or skyscanner), then you can manage your booking on the airline's website. Just go to the airline’s website, register (or immediately go to your personal account if you are already registered) and go to the “my bookings” or “manage booking” section in your personal account. There you can already select places (if there is such an option) or, for example, insert a card number to count miles.

4.3. Seat selection during online check-in

Online check-in usually starts 24 hours before the departure of the aircraft, but sometimes it opens earlier, you need to find out on the airline's website. It is best to register immediately, in the first minutes after the start of registration, so there will be more chances that you will have time to book the right place. In order not to miss the time, set yourself a reminder. Again, this option does not apply to low-cost companies, because there is a choice of seats only for an additional fee.

4.4. Seat selection during check-in at the airport

Here, too, it makes sense to arrive at the airport early in order to be among the first to check in. The best seats are already taken, but at least you can choose a seat at the window or in the aisle, in the middle of the plane or at the end. If you resort to the front desk at the last minute, then most likely it will no longer be possible to choose a seat. This applies to flights to popular destinations during high season. If you are flying in the low season and the plane is half empty, then closer to the end of check-in, you can, for example, ask for a seat in a free row where there will be no one next to you.

4.5. Seat selection after boarding is completed

As soon as the landing is announced, you can safely choose a more convenient place for yourself. This applies, first of all, to low-cost airlines, because this is the only free seat selection option.

Also, a feature of low-cost airlines is that they sell a little more tickets than seats on an airplane, because. according to statistics, about 10% of passengers do not come to the flight. Therefore, the passengers who arrived the latest can often be put in the best seats, sometimes even put in a business class (if, of course, it is provided in this low-cost).

Modern passenger and cargo transportation is simply impossible to imagine without aircraft. But behind the comfort and mobility of these "iron birds" are decades of development and thousands of unsuccessful attempts. The best minds of the aircraft industry are engaged in the design of aircraft and their construction. The cost of a mistake in this field can be too great. Today we will plunge a little into the world of aircraft construction and find out what elements the aircraft structure consists of.

general characteristics

In the classic version, the aircraft is a glider (fuselage, wings, tail, engine nacelles), equipped with a power plant, landing gear and control systems. In addition, an integral part of modern aircraft is avionics (aviation electronics), designed to control all organs and systems of the aircraft and greatly simplify the fate of pilots.

There are other design schemes, but they are much less common and, as a rule, in the military aircraft industry. So, for example, the B-2 bomber is designed according to the "flying wing" scheme. And a bright representative of the aircraft industry in Russia - the MiG-29 fighter - is made according to the "carrier scheme". In it, the concept of "fuselage" is replaced by "body".

Depending on the purpose, aircraft are divided into two large groups: civil and military. Civilian models are divided into passenger, cargo, training and special use vehicles.

Passenger versions differ in that most of their fuselage is occupied by a specially equipped cabin. Outwardly, they can be recognized by a large number of portholes. Passenger aircraft are divided into: local (fly at a distance of less than 2 thousand km); medium (2-4 thousand km); (distant 4-9 thousand km); and intercontinental (more than 11 thousand km).

Freight aircraft are: light (up to 10 tons of cargo), medium (10-40 tons of cargo) and heavy (more than 40 tons of cargo).

Special purpose aircraft can be: sanitary, agricultural, reconnaissance, fire fighting and intended for aerial photography.

Educational models, respectively, are necessary for the training of novice pilots. In their design, there may be no auxiliary elements, such as passenger compartment seats and so on. The same applies to the prototype versions that are used in the testing of new aircraft models.

Military aircraft, unlike civilians, they do not have a comfortable cabin and windows. The entire space of the fuselage in them is occupied by weapons systems, reconnaissance equipment, communication systems and other units. Combat aircraft are divided into: fighters, bombers, attack aircraft, reconnaissance, transport, as well as all sorts of special-purpose vehicles.

Fuselage

The fuselage of an aircraft is the main part that performs a load-bearing function. It is on it that all the structural elements of the aircraft are attached. Outside, these are: wings with engine nacelles, plumage and landing gear, and from the inside - a control cabin, technical rooms and communications, as well as a cargo or passenger compartment, depending on the vessel's affiliation. The fuselage frame is assembled from longitudinal (spars and stringers) and transverse (frames) elements, which are subsequently sheathed with metal sheets. Light aircraft use plywood or plastic instead of metal.

Passenger cars can be narrow- and wide-body. In the first case, the cross-sectional diameter of the body is on average 2-3 meters, and in the second - from six meters. Wide-body aircraft usually have two decks: the upper one for passengers and the lower one for luggage.

When designing the fuselage, special attention is paid to the strength characteristics and weight of the structure. In this regard, the following measures are taken:

1. The shape of the aircraft is designed in such a way that the lifting force is maximum, and the drag on air masses is minimal. The volume and dimensions of the machine must ideally correlate with each other.
2. To increase the useful volume of the hull, the design provides for the most dense layout of the skin and load-bearing elements of the aircraft fuselage.
3. The mounts of the power plant, takeoff and landing elements and wing segments are tried to be made as simple and reliable as possible.
4. Places for passenger accommodation and fastening of cargo or consumables are designed in such a way that, under different operating conditions of the aircraft, its balance remains within the allowable deviation.
5. Crew accommodation should provide comfortable control of the aircraft, access to the main navigation instruments and the most efficient control in case of unforeseen situations.
6. The layout of the aircraft is carried out in such a way that, during its maintenance, the masters have the opportunity to freely diagnose the necessary components and assemblies of the aircraft and, if necessary, carry out their repair.

The fuselage of the aircraft must be strong enough to withstand the loads that occur in different flight conditions, namely:

1. Loads arising at the attachment points of the main elements of the hull (wings, plumage, landing gear) during takeoff and landing.
2. Aerodynamic loads arising during the flight, taking into account the operation of the units, inertial forces and the functioning of auxiliary equipment.
3. Loads associated with pressure drops that occur during flight overloads in hermetically limited aircraft compartments.

Wing

Wings are an important structural element of any aircraft. They create the lift necessary for flight and allow maneuvering. In addition, the wing of the aircraft is used to accommodate the power unit, fuel tanks, attachments and take-off and landing devices. The right balance of weight, stiffness, strength, aerodynamics and workmanship of this structural element determines the proper flight and operational characteristics of the aircraft.

An aircraft wing consists of the following parts:

1. Hull, which consists of a frame (spars, stringers and ribs) and skin.
2. The slats and flaps that allow aircraft to take off and land.
3. Interceptors and ailerons, with which the pilot can change the direction of the aircraft.
4. Brake flaps, which serve to stop the aircraft more quickly at the time of landing.
5. Pylons on which power plants are mounted.

The wing is attached to the fuselage through the center section - an element connecting the right and left wings and partially passing through the fuselage. For low-wing aircraft, the center section is located in the lower part of the fuselage, and for high-wing aircraft, in the upper part. In combat vehicles, it may be completely absent.

Fuel tanks are usually installed in the inner cavities of the wing (in large ships). For light fighter aircraft, additional fuel tanks can be hung on special cantilever mounts.

Structural power scheme of the wing

The structural-power scheme of the wing must provide resistance to the forces of shear, torsion and bending that occur during flight. Its reliability is determined by the use of a strong frame of longitudinal and transverse elements, as well as a durable skin.

Longitudinal elements wing frames are represented by spars and stringers. Spars are made in the form of a truss or a monolithic beam. They are placed throughout the internal volume of the wing at a certain interval. The spars give the structure rigidity and neutralize the effect of transverse and bending forces that occur at one or another stage of flight. Stringers play the role of a compensator for axial compressive and tensile forces. They also level out local aerodynamic loads and increase the rigidity of the skin.

Cross members wing frame is represented by ribs. In this design, they can be made in the form of trusses or thin beams. The ribs determine the profile of the wing and give its surface the rigidity necessary for the distribution of the load at the time of formation of the flight air cushion. They also serve for more reliable fastening of power units.

sheathing not only gives the wing the necessary shape, but also provides maximum lift. Along with other elements of the frame, it increases the rigidity of the structure and levels the impact of external loads.

Aircraft wings may differ in design features and skin functionality. There are two main types:

1. Spar. They are distinguished by a small thickness of the skin, which forms a closed contour with spars ribs.
2. Monoblock. The main amount of external load is distributed over the surface of a thick skin layer, fixed by a set of stringers. In this case, the skin can be either monolithic or consist of several layers.

Speaking about the wing design, it is worth noting that its docking and subsequent fastening should be carried out in such a way that, in the end, the transmission and distribution of torque and bending moments that may occur in different modes of aircraft operation are ensured.

Plumage

The plumage of the aircraft allows you to change the trajectory of its movement. It can be caudal and nasal (less commonly used). In most cases, the tail unit is represented by a vertical keel (or several keels, usually two) and a horizontal stabilizer, resembling a reduced wing in design. Thanks to the keel, the directional stability of the aircraft is regulated, that is, stability along the axis of motion, and thanks to the stabilizer - longitudinal (in pitch). The horizontal tail can be mounted on the fuselage or over the keels. The keel, in turn, is placed on the fuselage. There are different variations of the layout of the tail unit, but in most cases it looks like this.

Some military aircraft are additionally equipped with nose plumage. This is necessary to ensure proper directional stability at supersonic speeds.

Power plants

The engine is the most important element in the design of the aircraft, because without it the aircraft will not even be able to take off. The first planes flew for a very short time and could only accommodate one pilot. The reason for this is simple - low-power motors that do not allow developing sufficient traction force. In order for aircraft to learn to carry hundreds of passengers and heavy loads, designers around the world had to work hard.

Throughout the evolution of the "iron birds" many types of motors have been used:

1. Steam. The principle of operation of such engines is based on the conversion of steam energy into motion, which is transmitted to the propeller of the aircraft. Since steam engines had a low efficiency, they were used by the aviation industry for a very short time.
2. Piston. These are standard internal combustion engines, similar in design to car engines. The principle of their work is the transfer of thermal energy into mechanical energy. Simplicity in manufacture and availability of materials determine the use of such power plants on some aircraft models to date. Despite the low efficiency (about 55%), these motors are quite popular due to their unpretentiousness and reliability.
3. Reactive. Such motors convert the energy of intensive combustion of fuel into thrust necessary for flight. To date, jet engines are used most widely in the construction of aircraft.
4. Gas turbine. The principle of operation of these engines is based on boundary heating and compression of the fuel combustion gas directed to the rotation of the turbine. They are used primarily in military types of aircraft.
5. Turboprop. This is one of the subspecies of gas turbine engines. The difference is that the energy received during operation is converted into drive energy and rotates the propeller of the aircraft. An insignificant part of the energy goes to the formation of a pushing jet. Such motors are mainly used in civil aviation.
6. Turbofan. In these engines, the injection of additional air is realized, which is necessary for the complete combustion of fuel, due to which it is possible to achieve maximum efficiency and environmental friendliness of the power plant. Motors of this type are widely used in the construction of large airliners.

We got acquainted with the main types of aircraft engines. The list of engines that aircraft designers have ever tried to install on aircraft is not limited to the list considered. At different times, a lot of attempts were made to create all sorts of innovative power units. For example, in the last century, serious work was carried out to create nuclear aircraft engines, which did not take root due to the high environmental hazard in the event of an aircraft crash.

Typically, the engine is mounted on the wing or fuselage of the aircraft by means of a pylon, through which drives, fuel pipes, etc. are brought to it. In this case, the motor is dressed in a protective engine nacelle. There are also aircraft in which the power plant is located directly inside the fuselage. Aircraft can have from one (An-2) to eight (V-52) engines.

Control

The aircraft controls are called the complex of onboard equipment, as well as command and executive instruments. Commands are given from the cockpit, and are carried out by elements of the wing and plumage. Different aircraft can use different types of control systems: manual, automated and semi-automatic.

Regardless of the type of system, the working bodies are divided into main and additional.

Main control. Includes actions that are responsible for adjusting flight modes and restoring the ship's balance to predetermined parameters. The main governing bodies are:

1. Levers that are directly controlled by the pilot (elevators, horizon rudders, steering wheel, command panels).
2. Communications used to connect control levers with actuators.
3. Actuators (stabilizers, ailerons, spoiler systems, fenders and flaps).

Additional control. Used only during takeoff and landing.

Regardless of whether manual or automatic control is implemented in the design of the aircraft, only the pilot can collect and analyze information about the state of aircraft systems, load indicators and trajectory compliance with the plan. And most importantly, only he is able to make a decision that is most effective in the current situation.

Control

To read objective information about the state of the aircraft and the flight situation, the pilot uses instruments divided into several main groups:

1. Aerobatic and navigational. Serve to determine the coordinates, vertical and horizontal position, speed and linear deviations of the aircraft. In addition, these instruments control the angle of attack of the aircraft, the operation of gyroscopic systems and other important flight parameters. On modern aircraft, these devices are presented in the form of a single flight and navigation complex.
2. Controlling the operation of the power plant. This group of instruments provides the pilot with data on oil temperature and pressure, fuel mixture flow rate, crankshaft speed, and vibration indicators.
3. Devices for monitoring the operation of additional equipment and systems. This complex consists of devices, the sensors of which can be found in all elements of the aircraft structure. These include: pressure gauges, pressure drop indicators in pressurized cabins, flap position indicators, and so on.
4. Instruments for assessing the state of the environment. They are used to measure outdoor temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and other things.

All the instruments that serve to monitor the state of the aircraft and the environment? adapt to work in any weather conditions.

Takeoff and landing systems

Takeoff and landing are quite complex and responsible stages of the flight. They are inevitably associated with heavy loads falling on all structural elements. An acceptable acceleration for lifting a multi-ton vessel into the sky and a soft touch of the landing strip during its landing is provided by a reliably designed take-off and landing system (chassis). This system is also necessary for parking and taxiing the car while driving through the airport.

The landing gear of the aircraft consists of a damper strut, on which a wheeled bogie is fixed (in hydroplanes, a float is used instead). The landing gear configuration depends on the weight of the aircraft. The most common take-off and landing system options are:

1. Two main racks and one front (A-320, Tu-154).
2. Three main racks and one front (IL-96).
3. Four main pillars and one front ("Boeing-747").
4. Two main racks and two front (B-52).

On early aircraft, a pair of main struts and a rear spinning wheel without a strut (Li-2) were installed. The IL-62 model also had an unusual chassis layout, which was equipped with one front strut, a pair of main struts and a retractable bar with a pair of wheels in the tail itself. On the first planes, racks were not used at all, and the wheels were mounted on simple axles. A wheeled bogie can have from one (A-320) to seven (An-225) wheel pairs.

When the aircraft is on the ground, its control is carried out by means of a drive, which is equipped with a nose landing gear. For vessels with several engines, differentiation of the operating mode of the power plant can be used for these purposes. During the flight, the landing gear of the aircraft is retracted into specially equipped compartments. This is necessary to reduce aerodynamic drag.

The question of which seats are best to choose on an airplane is relevant only to ensure your own comfort. From a safety point of view, absolutely all seats are in the same position, and for a flight that will last an hour or two, the choice of seat does not seem relevant at all.

But, when flying at 10-12, or even more hours, the choice of a place is really important. To ensure maximum comfort for yourself, you need to choose seats based on two main criteria - personal preferences in flight and the technical features of the seating arrangement.

Locations by preference

Every traveler has their own idea of ​​the perfect seat on a ship. Someone likes to sit next to the window, someone closer to the toilets, as a rule, these are people who do not tolerate flights, who often feel sick, or who have problems with the intestines, and someone likes to fly at the tail of the plane.

In general, all seats according to the preferences of passengers can be divided as follows:

• next to the porthole;
• by the passage;
• in the middle;
• next to emergency exits and hatches;
• next to the sanitary zone;
• ahead, "behind the pilots";
• at the tail of the liner.

Each of these options has its pros and cons, which you need to know about before the first flight in your life, when your own preferences have not yet been formed.

At the porthole

The window seat is usually loved by children, no matter what transport it is in.

Speaking of adult passengers going on their first flight in their lives, it should be noted that the porthole has only one drawback in flight - it will be difficult to get out of your seat, there are no other drawbacks.

By the passage

At first glance, it seems that nothing good can happen in the flight "in the aisle", but this is not at all the case.

In general, the only downsides are that you have to get up every time those sitting further want to leave and that you will not see clouds outside the window.

Michael Gra/flickr.com

The undoubted advantages include your own freedom of movement around the cabin, at any time you can go to the toilet or to the conductors, without disturbing anyone, and the ability to "stretch your legs" into the aisle. Although “stretching the legs” is relative, because other passengers walk along the aisle, flight attendants with their carts, and in general it does not look very nice.

But if the flight is to be at night, during which almost everyone is asleep, the opportunity to stretch your tired legs from walking on excursions can be simply priceless.

In the middle

With regard to the seats in the liner, the well-known saying about the “golden mean” is completely untrue. This is the most inconvenient position of all possible, of course, if we are talking about a solo flight. If a family or a group of friends is flying, the picture changes.

The biggest disadvantage of sitting in the center is the neighbors. When flying in such chairs, it is exactly what your neighbor will be that completely determines the entire flight. In addition, you will have to get up, releasing those sitting further and disturb those flying closer to the aisle, if you want to get out.

At emergency hatches and exits

In general, the seats are very comfortable. There is an increased space between the rows, almost no one walks by, and when flying in a large liner, where many seats are lined up in a row, there are fewer of them, usually there are no more than three seats in a row before an emergency exit.

However, the airlines have a semi-legal rule - the elderly, women, children and persons who do not inspire confidence are never put here. As for the latter, it is, in fact, a dress code left to the discretion of the flight attendants.

But representatives of law enforcement agencies or the military, rescuers or athletes, on the contrary, are persistently trying to seat them exactly at the emergency exits.

img-fotki.yandex.ru

In flight, hatches have a significant difference from all other seats, which can be both a disadvantage and an advantage. The point is that the chairs located here have design restrictions on opening, that is, on the “lying” position. For those who want to fly in a reclining state, this, of course, is a minus.

But the indisputable advantage of these seats is that women with small children almost never sit here, this is very important for a quiet long flight and the fact that no one in front will throw back the seat, slamming the passenger's laptop.

If you plan to spend most of the flight at the computer, then emergency hatch seats are the best solution.

Close to sanitary area

These chairs are not popular, since flying near the toilet is inconvenient from the psychological side, and passengers often passing to the bathroom do not deliver positive emotions.

But if there are digestive difficulties, for example, arising from nervousness, excitement or fear, then an aisle seat next to the sanitary zone will be the best option.

The seats “behind the pilots” are good because the very first rows do not have other seats in front of them. You can calmly stretch your legs forward or leave your seat at the porthole without asking your neighbors to get up.

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But when choosing these places, you need to specify if there are sockets nearby, since it is almost always not possible to recharge gadgets here.

In the tail

They do not like to fly in the tail of the cabin, but this is an absolutely individual rejection. Since the places here are completely different from all the others.

The opinion that the “tail” shakes much more strongly when it gets into turbulence is completely subjective and does not correspond to reality. As for the opportunity to take photos from the porthole, the places here are no worse. The nose of the plane, of course, will not get into the frame, but the shots of the turbine look no less impressive.

When landing, more precisely, after its completion and before takeoff, it makes sense to look around if the seat you have got seems uncomfortable. If there is a place that, in your opinion, is more comfortable, you should not be shy, you should contact the flight attendant with a request to change seats.

Airline employees are completely calm about such movements of passengers, since the calmness and healthy environment on board depend entirely on the comfort of people during the flight.

Video: the best seats on the plane - how to choose?

Design features of seats in the liner

All planes are different, their main difference is how many seats are in a row. There can be 2, 3, 4, 5 of them - the larger the liner, the more seats are located between the aisle and the porthole, moreover, the narrower the distance between the rows themselves. In general, flying on large aircraft is less convenient than on small ones.

The location of the sanitary area and service compartments can also differ in different aircraft, as well as the location of sockets, the size of the compartments for hand luggage, the presence of monitors, and much more.

When choosing the best seats for yourself on an airplane, you need to consider the following points:

1. You should look at the detailed cabin plan of the model of the liner in which the trip is to be - special attention should be paid to the little things - the presence of monitors, sockets, the distance between the rows, and so on, cabin layouts are not difficult to find on airline services.
2. If you want to calmly and slowly choose a seat, you need to book in advance through online services, again guided by the cabin scheme, which are available on almost any portal that sells air tickets.
3. If there was no prior choice, then seats are allocated “in order of priority” when boarding the plane, the flight attendant will simply show the free seat. But even in the airport building, it is possible to understand which seats on the plane are free and choose the most optimal of them - for this you need to use self-check-in terminals or ask for a diagram with seats at the counter at which check-in is carried out.

In addition to all the details that ensure comfort in flight inside the cabin, it is imperative to take into account such a moment as the direction of the aircraft, this is especially important for those passengers who plan to fly from the window.

This is an important point, it must be taken into account when choosing which places near the porthole are best for photographs and just admiring the clouds. Regardless of the direction, it can turn out that the sun will blind the entire flight and carefully chosen, the best seats will turn out to be the biggest disappointment.

In recent years, airlines have been very "not fond" of distributing seats directly in the cabin before departure, preferring a preliminary selection of seats by their passengers. In general, this is a good trend, but sometimes there are overlays, that is, several people apply for the same chair.

You can avoid such troubles by making a choice directly on the portals of air carriers. In addition, in all disputable situations, preference always remains precisely for a direct reservation, and not for the one that was made through an intermediary company, regardless of when this very reservation was registered.

The question of which seats are better on airplanes is completely individual and each person decides for himself where exactly it will be more convenient for him to fly, and this will become clear after the first flight. It may well become very comfortable and full of positive emotions if you approach the choice of flight, aircraft model and the location of the seat in the cabin carefully, responsibly and book everything in advance.

Most airline customers are afraid to fly. When buying tickets, some passengers choose seats according to the level of comfort, while others prefer cheap options. But there is also that category of people who try to choose only safe places in order to at least slightly reduce the risks of a plane crash and get a chance to survive.

The safest place on an airplane in a crash

In 2007, the popular science magazine Popular Mechanics published information that the best places are in the tail section of the aircraft. The results were obtained through an analysis of statistics from the National Transportation Safety Board in the United States of America. To assess the situation, the largest air crashes over the past 35 years, the causes of passenger deaths and vehicle patterns were taken into account. The safest place on the plane can be considered the so-called last seats. It is convenient to sit on them during the flight, but it will not even work to compare with the comfortable conditions of the first class. The advantages of the second are obvious. Although, not all passengers understand why pay more.

Experts compared the number of victims in accidents, taking into account the places where they were at the time of the crash.

What are the safest and most comfortable seats on an airplane?

Why it turns out that the cheapest seats on the plane are the most optimal in terms of safety, not everyone understands. The fact is that these positions experience the smallest load when falling. The nose of a liner always falls faster, hence it receives the heaviest impact on contact with the ground. In the tail are the most inexpensive and uncomfortable places.

Important! The internal layout of passenger aircraft is significantly different from each other. The same company may use different types of aircraft for a flight.

To choose the most convenient place not for safety, but for comfort, experts recommend:

1. Specify information on your liner on the airline's website in advance. On the resource pages, you can find data on the type of transport, the level of passenger comfort, the spacing between rows, the location of toilets, etc.
2. Use a special self-service kiosk or order tickets online via the Internet, thanks to which you can choose your seat by looking at its location according to the map.

You can always ask a consultant at the airport for advice if you book your ticket in person at the box office. The safest seat may also be near the emergency exit if the aircraft has landed and passengers need to be evacuated urgently. It is difficult to talk about survival in this case, because situations are completely different, ranging from banal malfunctions to terrorist attacks. When falling from a great height, the survival rate for all passengers is zero.

Which part of the plane is the safest

It should be noted right away that if an airbus or other aircraft crashes from a height of 8-10 km, then it makes no difference where exactly in the cabin your seat is located. Risk reduction is possible only in cases where the aircraft makes a dangerous landing from a low altitude or an accident occurs in the first few minutes after takeoff. There is a chance to survive if the height is low and your seat is in the tail section of the aircraft.

According to statistics, it is the tail section of the aircraft that is the safest. If you're planning a flight, choose your flight and locations wisely. Especially if you experience fear and excitement before traveling.

The safest plane

Today, the Boeing 777 is reliable in terms of safety. The production of this type of transport began in 1995. In total, 748 cars were created, which are especially popular with travelers around the world.

For 20 million flight hours, only 4 accidents were recorded, but they cannot be considered air crashes. The aircraft model is equipped with the most powerful General Electric GE90 engines in the history of aircraft construction. A wide-body airliner capable of accommodating 300 to 500 people.

Rating of the safest aircraft

It is difficult to unambiguously answer which aircraft is the best. There is a whole TOP of aviation, which, according to experts, is worthy of attention and is considered relevant. The list was created taking into account the data on air crashes that have been recorded over the past 100 years.

• the number of accidents;
• number of models put into operation;
• terms of operation;
• total flying time.

Why the plane is the safest mode of transport in the world

Planes are often in distress, but this does not affect the fact that this is the safest way to travel. Experts assure that the chances of dying while driving a car or bicycle are much higher.

It is a fact that 0.6 people die per 100 million miles. As an example, let's take the information for 2014, when there were 21 accidents involving air transport in the world. In total, according to the data, 990 people died, of which eleven aircraft were passenger, and the remaining ten were cargo.

A total of thirty-three million flights were operated in 2014. There was only one accident per one million sorties. Statistics point to the fact that the probability of dying in a plane crash on an ordinary passenger flight on an Airbus or other aircraft is minimal, and is 1 in 8 million. As a result, we can say that you are more likely to have an accident when you go by car to the airport than get into a plane crash.