Mari Chodra National Park. Scientific Electronic Library Rare Plants of the Mari Chodra Park

Established in 1985, the Mari Chodra National Park is an interesting natural and territorial complex.
Translated from the Mari language "Mari Chodra" means "Mari forest".

Purpose of creation
Protection of rare and endangered species of flora (115 rare and endangered species of flora are registered in the park), fauna and historical and archaeological monuments.

The entire territory of the park is covered with beautiful pine forests and coniferous-deciduous forests.
Numerous mineral springs, significant outcrops of which are located in the valleys of the Ilet and Yushut rivers, are used for medicinal purposes in sanatoriums, rest homes and hospitals. A characteristic element of the landscape are lakes (failure, interdune, floodplain). The failures are located mainly on the southern, southwestern slopes of the Mariysko-Vyatka ridge. Most of them are located in the lower reaches of the Ilet River - Lake. Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichner, Shulgandan belong to natural monuments. The mineral spring "Green Key" and botanical geocenoses - the tract "Klenovaya Gora", "Klenogorskaya Oak Forest" also belong to natural monuments. The historical and cultural complex of the park includes 2 monuments of history - an oak, called Pugachevsky (according to legend, E. I. Pugachev stopped for the night under the shade of this oak with his detachment) and the old Kazan road. Oak differs sharply in its size among the stands. This is a gigantic tree with a powerful trunk, the diameter of which is 159 cm, which is part of the upper tier.

There are 14 tourist routes (walking, water, horse). The most popular places for recreation and tourism are Klenovaya Gora, lakes Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichier.
Currently, 14 recreation facilities are located on the territory of the national park: tourist centers, recreation centers, a tourist campus, student sports camps, and sanatoriums. An ecological camp was organized on the basis of the camp of the Mari State University.

Address: 425040, Rep. Mari El, Zvenigovsky district, Krasnogorsky settlement, st. Central, 73

Mariy Chodra Park is one of the most beautiful corners of our country. It is the pearl of the Mari region. The main local attraction is the lakes with crystal clear water. There are a large number of small and large rivers, forests, many unique plants and various animals. There are many springs on the territory, the mineral spring "Green Key" is widely demanded. Here on the mountain there is an observation deck for tourists.

You will make a fascinating excursion to the green oak of Pugachev. Moving to Lake Kichier will give a lot of unforgettable emotions. There are many legends about this place. Its location is special. The natural beauty of this region is magical. Tourists come here from various parts of the world because of the unique climate.

General information

The Mari Chodra Park means "Mari forest" in the local language. It is about 60 kilometers from Yoshkar-Ola. The park was founded in September 1983. The creation of the object was carried out to provide a buffer zone and carry out a complex of works on the restoration of monuments. The area of ​​the territory is quite extensive. It occupies about 36.6 hectares. Most of it belongs to forests. Almost the entire area is framed by the Ilet River. Many tributaries flow into it - Yushuta, Urba and many others. There are about ten lakes of karst origin. In the area there is a famous tract called "Maple Hill".


The place will be an excellent solution not only for relaxation, but also in order to restore vitality. A person living in the modern rhythm of life - this is especially necessary. There is also a large number of various historical objects - the Kazan ladder, ecological trails and many others.

How to get there?

The exact address is the Republic of Mari El, Zvenigovsky district, pos. Krasnogorsky. You can get there in various ways. You can travel by bus or by car. Movement must be made along the Kazan-Yoshkar-Ola highway. The roads are comfortable. It is more convenient to order a sightseeing tour, which includes all the necessary range of services.

History, geographical conditions

The territory is rich in pine forests and broad-leaved forests. The object appeared in 1985. It is located in the southeast of the Republic and is characterized by the presence of a slightly undulating plain. The height of the hill is 75-125 meters. Climatic conditions are temperate continental. Summer is characterized by high temperatures. Frosts are stable, with an abundance of snow.

Flora and fauna

Flora and fauna are incredibly rich. Pine forests, spruce forests, oak forests are successfully combined with each other. Periodically there are various types of birch groves and aspen forests. The rarest types of plants are heather, sedge, dock, raven, joster. There is an amazing aroma all around.

The fauna of the park is mainly represented by taiga species. There are brown bears, moose, hares, ground squirrels, beavers, squirrels, hamsters and many others. A red fox and a rare species of muskrat live here. Many animals are listed in the Red Book. The lakes are rich in a variety of fish. There are catfish, crucian carp, pike, bream, European grayling. The national park is an ecologically clean area. This is a picturesque area that delights with its incomparable views.


Among mammals, the most numerous is the detachment of rodents. Recently, another inhabitant of the chipmunk came from the east side. Occasionally you can see a bat and a vole.

There are also a lot of predatory representatives - martens, ferrets, minks, weasels gladly chose this territory. The otter occupies a special place. It is marked by Yushut.

As for birds, the most common detachment is passerines. Jays, terms, tits, nuthatches are in abundance. A lot of woodpeckers. There are a lot of birds that lead a nocturnal or twilight life. Owls and eagle owls have chosen these places. In addition, walking through the local plantations, you can see hawks, capercaillie, turtledove, black kite, typical wood duck, oriole and others.

The world of vertebrates is also incredibly wide. The number of insects is especially high. This is due to the local climate. They live everywhere - on the soil, tree bark, fruits. There are both beneficial insects and pests. The red forest ant is the main protector, exterminates harmful insects.

Main vacation spots

A trip through the park will remain in your memory for a long time. The most popular and convenient body of water in terms of transport is Lake Yalchik. A large number of establishments for organizing comfortable recreation are concentrated here. Not far from the MMZ plant there is a recreation center Rubin. There is also a children's camp and a boarding house on the territory. Tourist bases are represented in large numbers. If you like a peaceful holiday in nature, then this solution will certainly appeal to you. The object is equipped with a large coniferous forest.

In order to improve your body, you can go to the Kichier sanatorium. The health resort is famous for the presence of a large number of therapeutic techniques. A children's hospital with a pulmonology department is well-equipped nearby.
In search of a suitable vacation spot, pay attention to Maple Mountain. There are many points for organizing your leisure time, for example, Pugachev's Oak or Green Key.

Two highways pass to Mushan-Yer. They are of high quality. You can even travel by private car. There are many sites for camping along the way. If camping is to your liking, then you can safely choose this route.

Lake "Deaf" since 2011 it has been closed to the public. It is located in the central point of the Volga region. The formation occurred through the confluence of two sinkholes. The tank is long and narrow in shape with a depth of no more than 26 meters. The water level here is decreasing every year. It has a high level of transparency. Flora is represented mainly by spruce, birch, alder. Of the fish, there are roach, perch and crucian carp. The closure was due to excessive littering. Today, the northern part of the site is subject to siltation. This is due to the key flowing through the gas pipeline route.

In 2000, in the vicinity of Yalchik, for various reasons, a sinkhole occurred. In place of the basin formed a reservoir. Subsequently, the failure was surrounded by a railroad track.

In the northeastern part of the territory there is a protected conservation area, it will not work to penetrate here. This is where it is pond Shut-Er, Urba river. The fact is that with the arrival of tourists, grassy vegetation began to decrease, erosion of the coast began to develop. Currently, local authorities are actively working on landscaping.

The number of tourist routes is quite large. There are about 14 of them in total. These are trips on foot, water, horseback. In total, there are about 15 institutions for health improvement. You will certainly be able to choose a worthy solution for yourself.

Lake Kichier

Translated from the Mari language, the reservoir is "short lake". Locals call the object solar. The attraction is located in pine forests, lingonberries. The maximum depth of the object is 16 meters. Width - 400 meters. A winding road with an abundance of old women departs from the western part. From the south is the river Size.

Fishermen and old-timers tell many stories about natural formation. The area is mysterious. Previously, he was sparsely populated and almost deaf. Today there are a wide variety of excursions.

Previously, there was a hut for fishermen and hunters on the outskirts. This is where the fishermen spend the winter. According to one of the legends, once a hunter, who hunted here, decided to organize an overnight stay in a teremka. The day was incredibly stormy, so darkness fell quickly enough. The hunter prepared dinner for himself, tasted it and decided to sleep for a while, settling on a plank bed made of wood. The weather was unfavorable. The menacing rumble of the taiga wind was heard behind the walls. Suddenly, a man in the silence began to hear some strange sounds. He got up, lit the candles and saw that everything was empty and again prepared for sleep. Then, he felt someone's breath. The awakened man was overcome by a terrible fear, since on one of the walls he saw huge eyes. He blinked and fluttered his eyelashes. Further, history is silent. It is only known that the wanderer remained to live in the house, leaving his family behind. The reasons for this behavior all seemed strange. The hermit occasionally went to the village for food. But he tried not to appear in public.

Currently, a tourist route has been laid here. If you wish, you can organize an exciting walk along the reservoir. There are paved trails. The surroundings are incredibly beautiful - flowers, shrubs, herbs. With every meter there is a bewitching change of landscape. Depending on the viewing angle, the picture opens from a completely different angle.

Birch and pine groves successfully complement the overall composition. Traveling among such splendor, you want to feel like an artist for a moment, taking brushes and paints. A variety of signs on the trees will help you stay on track.

It is especially advantageous to come here in the warm season, but in autumn and winter the place is especially colorful. In several places compact beaches are provided. They are quite well groomed. To protect from rain and sun, mushroom umbrellas made of wood are designed. There are changing rooms with showers. If you are a lover of sunbathing, then by all means pay attention to such a secluded and calm corner.

Real countryside relaxation will be provided to you. You can limit yourself not only to leisure in the fresh air, but also visit a session of therapeutic massage, take a variety of therapeutic courses. You can fully relax, forgetting about the city noise, stress, fuss. Upon arrival home, you will gain new strength and, perhaps, find harmony with the world and with yourself.
Sanatorium "Kichier" glad to welcome guests at any time of the year. It is only 500 kilometers from the highway. The medical building of rehabilitation treatment accepts patients in a wide variety of medical fields. You can also come here to improve your health, for preventive purposes. The rooms are attractive and will cost you very reasonable prices.

On the eastern slope of Maple Mountain you will see an absolutely stunning creation of nature - a giant oak. It has been a natural monument since 1969. He is guarded. The fundamental attraction of the national park has a diameter of 160 centimeters. It is surprising that even 5-6 people will not be enough to cover it completely. The age of the miracle plant is striking - 500 years. There are many local legends about him. It is believed that the detachment of Emelyan Pugachev made a halt here. It was from the highest point of the giant that the great military leader watched the burning of the Kazan settlements, ruthlessly set on fire by the atamans. In 1974, the administration ordered the installation of a memorial stone.


The Certification Commission for a special program awarded the historical celebrity the status of a monument in 2013. Specialists carried out a thorough inspection, assessing the condition, determining the exact date of foundation. All necessary measurements were made and recorded.


The ceremony of presenting the certificate was held in a solemn atmosphere. This event has become significant. It is difficult to convey all the power of the giant. It is better to come here at least once and see everything that happens with your own eyes.

Video

Mari Chodra National Park(the name in Russian is “Mariysky Les”) was formed in 1985. The protected area is covered with delightful deciduous forests and pine forests. The national park must preserve landscapes, characteristic flora and fauna, natural monuments. In addition, the main tasks include the protection of lakes, the origin of which is sinkhole-karst, as well as their use for scientific, educational and recreational purposes.

Square Mari Chodra National Park in general is 36.6 thousand hectares. The protected area is located in the southeastern region of the Republic of Mari El, in the zone of mixed forests of the forest zone. The protected area is a slightly undulating plain, the absolute heights of which reach from 75 to 125 meters above sea level.

IN Mari Chodra National Park there are many rivers and lakes. The main river of the park is Ilet river, as well as its left-bank tributaries: Uba, Arbayka, Yushut. Petyalka flows into it from the right side. During the warm season, the water content of the river makes it possible for tourists' boats to pass through.

Transparent and clean karst forest lakes, such as Shulgandan, Kichner, Deaf, Yalchik which are natural monuments.

Within the territorial limits of the national park, temperate continental climate, which is characterized by relatively hot summers and cold, frosty winters, with fairly stable snow cover. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of +18.3°C. In January, the coldest month, the average temperature is 14.1ºС.

IN national park "Mari Chodra" forest vegetation is predominant. Pine forests make up the largest share. There are also oak and spruce forests. Approximately one third of the park is occupied by aspen and birch forests.
In the park you can see the rarest species of plants: forest apple tree, dyeing dock, common heather, Ural tsitserbita, red-fruited black cohosh, Arnell's sedge, laxative joster.

The local fauna is represented by taiga species (grouse, capercaillie, elk, brown bear), species of coniferous-broad-leaved forests (green woodpecker, squirrel, yellow-throated mouse), as well as forest-steppe species (common hamster, reddish ground squirrel, field mouse, European hare).

A typical inhabitant of the park is red fox. In the protected area you can see the muskrat - this rare species included in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and the International Union for Conservation of Nature. More than 43 species of fish are found in the lakes and rivers of the national park: bream, tench, carp, silver and gold crucian carp, pike, catfish. The Ilet River inhabits European grayling- the rarest species.

Republic of Mari El, Morkinsky, Zvenigovsky and Volzhsky district

History of creation
National Park "Mari Chodra", or "Mari forest" in Russian, was created in 1985. The territory of the park with an area of ​​36.6 thousand hectares is covered with beautiful pine forests and broad-leaved forests.
The main tasks of the park were the preservation and restoration of landscapes, characteristic flora and fauna, natural monuments; protection of natural complexes, including lakes of sinkhole-karst origin, and their use for recreational, educational and scientific purposes.

Physical and geographical conditions
The national park is located in the southeast of the Republic of Mari El, in the basin of the river. The Ilet is a left tributary of the Volga and is part of the mixed forest belt of the forest zone. The territory is a slightly undulating plain with absolute heights of 75-125 meters above sea level.
There are a large number of lakes and rivers in the park. The main river of the park is the Ilet with its left-bank tributaries: Yushut, Arbaika, Uba, the Petyalka River flows into it from the right. During the warm period of the year, the water content of the river allows tourist boats to pass through. In the Klenovaya Gora area, more than 20 springs come out to Ilet. The most significant is the Green Key, beating at the foot of the mountain on the left bank of the Ileti.
Forest karst lakes are very clean and transparent, some of them - Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichner, Shulgandan - are natural monuments.
The climate of the area where the national park is located is temperate continental, characterized by relatively hot summers and frosty winters with stable snow cover. The average temperature of the warmest month (July) is +18.3°C, the coldest (January) is -14.1°C.

Diversity of flora and fauna
The park is dominated by forest vegetation, where the largest proportion is pine forests, spruce forests are mosaically represented, there are oak forests. Various types of birch and aspen forests occupy about a third of the park area.
Rare plant species growing in the park on the border of their ranges include: laxative joster, forest apple tree; red-fruited crow, common heather, dyeing dock, Arnell's sedge, Ural tsitserbita and others.
In the fauna of the park there are taiga species - brown bear, elk, capercaillie, hazel grouse; types of coniferous-deciduous forests - yellow-throated mouse, squirrel, green woodpecker; as well as forest-steppe species - hare, field mouse, reddish ground squirrel, common hamster. The red fox is often seen. The muskrat also lives in the park - a rare species listed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
More than 43 species of fish live in the rivers and lakes of the park - such as catfish, pike, gold and silver carp, carp, tench, bream. A rare species, the European grayling, lives in the channels of the Ilet River.

What to watch
The national park is ecologically clean, the most picturesque corner of the Mari nature. Here you can find traces of a bear and an elk, mighty trees felled by beavers, rare plants.
Interesting historical objects - the old Kazan tract and "Pugachev's Oak". According to ancient legends, near this oak, pursued by the tsarist troops, Emelyan Pugachev stopped to rest with his troops. From here he monitored the burning Kazan. The size of an oak is very different among the stands. This is a gigantic tree with a powerful trunk, the diameter of which is 159 cm.
You can explore nature and see all the sights of the park by following the numerous horse, water or hiking trails, accompanied by experienced guides of the park.

According to oopt.info and zapoved.ru