When was the city of Rybnitsa founded? Cities of Transnistria: Tiraspol, Bendery, Rybnitsa. Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. Dnestrovsk - the energy heart of the republic

Rybnitsa(Mold. Rîbnița, Ukrainian Ribnitsa) - a city in Transnistria on the left bank of the Dniester River, at a tributary of Rybnitsa, 110 km from and 120 km from. Railroad station. The administrative center of the Rybnitsa region of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.

Story

The first information about the settlement on the territory of the city dates back to the first half of the 15th century. One of the first mentions of Rybnitsa dates back to 1628, when it was marked as a settlement on the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. There are several versions about the origin of the city's name. According to one of them, it comes from the name of the Dry Rybnitsa river of the same name, at the mouth of which, at the confluence with the Dniester, the settlement was founded. According to the second - it is named after the boyar Rydvan, who, having risen to the rank of colonel among the Turks, "remembering the fat pork of his places" - decides to flee to the left bank of the Dniester, under the arm of the Polish king. Soon a wooden fortress was built and a settlement called Rydvanets appeared. This fact is mentioned in the book of the Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi, who visited these parts with the army in 1656-1657.

Local residents bred fish in blocked reservoirs along the Rybnitsa River. One pond was located in the Pushkin area, the second - on Zarechnaya, and the third - in the recreation area. They alternately released water, collected fish and sold it to visiting merchants. This is how the merchants quietly renamed Rydvanets into Rybnitsa. This settlement was part of the kingdom.

In 1793, as a result of the second division of the Commonwealth, this territory was transferred to Russia, and from 1797 until the October Revolution, Rybnitsa was part of the Molokish volost of the Baltsky district of the Podolsk province. At the end of the 19th century, a railway was built through the city. Since 1893, regular navigation has been established on the Dniester. In 1898, the first sugar factory in the Podolsk province was built with the first electric generator in the region.

In 1924, Rybnitsa became an urban-type settlement and the regional center of the Moldavian ASSR. In 1926, 9.4 thousand inhabitants lived in Rybnitsa (38.0% - Jews, 33.8% - Ukrainians, 16.0% - Moldavians). October 20, 1938 Rybnitsa acquires the status of a city. In 1941-42, the remaining Jewish population of Rybnitsa was brutally tortured by the Romanian and German invaders. A memorial sign was erected at the place of executions of 500 Rybnitsa residents.

On December 19, 1962, the city of Rybnitsa was classified as a city of republican subordination of the Moldavian SSR. In 1991, the status was lost.

During the existence of the MSSR, the following plants operated in the city: sugar-alcohol, wine-making, bakery products, cement-slate, metallurgical, etc., plants: reinforced concrete structures and building parts, pumping, butter-making, etc., knitwear and linen factory. The population in 1975 was 39.9 thousand inhabitants, and in 1991 - already 62.9 thousand people. By 2005, the population had grown to 67.3 thousand people.

Economy

View of Rybnitsa

Rybnitsa has an advantageous transport and geographical position. The city is located on the left bank of the Dniester and is separated from the river by a concrete dam. Near the city there is a large reservoir. In the vicinity there are significant reserves of minerals - raw materials for the production of building materials.

Rybnitsa is a large manufacturing and industrial center. 408 enterprises operate in the city, of which 64 are state-owned, 43 are municipal, 254 are limited liability companies and private firms. Here is located the oldest (1898) in Transnistria and a sugar factory (although there is little left of it, the sugar factory is in complete decline and has not been operating since 2003), a distillery, a metallurgical and cement-slate plant - two all-Union construction projects, a centrifugal pump plant. After the construction of the reservoir and the flooding of the lower part of the city, the center was redeveloped, and now the city is dominated by high-rise buildings. There is a pier and a railway station. A recreation area has been located near the reservoir since 1955.

Rybnitsa from Rezina. 2010

The Moldavian metallurgical plant was put into operation in 1985, now it produces 1 million tons of steel and 1 million rolled products per year, 3,000 people work here. The plant was awarded the Diamond and Gold Stars for product quality. The production volume of the plant is about 276 million dollars (52% of the total production of the PMR and 65% of exports), its share in the budget of the PMR is 15.5% (22.2 million dollars).

The volume of production of all other enterprises of the city is about 10 million dollars, or together with MMZ - 286 million dollars (54% of the production of the PMR).

For comparison: - 177 million dollars (33.5%), - 43 million dollars (8%)

Population

The population of the city as of January 1, 2014 was 47,949 inhabitants, in 2010 - 50.1 thousand people.

The national composition of the city (according to the 2004 census):

Transport

bus station

The main mode of transport is automobile. There is also a railway.

There was a cargo cable car across the Dniester, connecting Rybnitsa with the Moldovan village of Chorna. The road was dismantled in September 2014.

social sector

In the field of education, there are 12 schools, 1 educational institution of primary and secondary vocational education (GOU SPO "Rybnitsa Polytechnic College") and 3 higher educational institutions, including: a branch of the Pridnestrovian State University. T. G. Shevchenko, a branch of the North-Western Correspondence Technical University in St. Petersburg (closed) and the Consulting Point of the Tiraspol branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law.

The development of physical culture and sports is provided by 4 youth sports schools, 150 sports facilities, including 37 sports halls, 2 swimming pools and 92 flat sports facilities.

Three Russian-language city newspapers are published in Rybnitsa - the official Novosti (circulation 2,500 copies), independent Good Day and Good Evening (circulation - 6,500 copies each). The republican newspaper "Homin" in Ukrainian is also published here (circulation - 2,000 copies).

There are 2 hotels in the city: "Tiras" with 250 beds and "Metallurg" with 50 beds, many restaurants and cafes. In the lower part of the city on the banks of the Dniester there is a sanatorium-dispensary MMZ.

Memorial of Military Glory. In the background on the right is Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Cathedral

In 1975, the Military Glory Memorial, 24 meters high, was built (designed by V. Mednek). Two paired reinforced concrete pylons are lined with white marble, at the foot, on 12 granite slabs, the names of the liberators of the city and the region are carved (restored in 2010). In the POW camp, the Nazis destroyed 2,700 Soviet soldiers, in May-June 1943, about 3,000 Ukrainian fishermen were evicted near Ochakov, about 3,000 people died of typhus in the Jewish ghetto, and more than 4,000 fishermen fell on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War - these are the losses of a small Pridnestrovian cities.

The main current attraction of the city was the Michael the Archangel Cathedral - the largest in Transnistria and, it was built for about 15 years and opened on November 21, 2006. The bells are placed on the third tier, in the center is a large bell "Blagovest" weighing 100 pounds, around it there are 10 more bells, the smallest of which weighs only 4 kg. The bells for the cathedral belfry were cast in the Moscow Joint Stock Company "Litex".

In addition to the Archangel Michael Cathedral itself, which can simultaneously accommodate about 2 thousand parishioners, a large, 3-storey parish house will be built on the territory of the temple complex, which will house a library, a canteen, a parish school and the rector's chambers.

Nearby Attractions

Customs post on the bridge across the Dniester between Rybnitsa and Rezina

Gorge Kalaur in Rashkovo

After the victory of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd on the Sinyukha river, Podolia was given to his nephew Fyodor Koriatovich. He ordered to build the castle of Kalaur over a narrow gorge around the turn of the river, on the border of Lithuania and Moldova, which was completely ready by the end of the 14th century. During the marriage of the son of B. Khmelnitsky - Timosh and the daughter of the Moldavian ruler V. Lupu - Ruksanda, the newlyweds receive this castle as a gift from B. Khmelnitsky, but it has not survived to this day. The ancient church of St. Cayetana in Rashkov, built in 1749 (baroque) by the Polish magnate Stanisław Lubomirski (1704-93). The two towers are decorated with Ionic and Tuscan order pilasters. Art. Lubomirsky became the governor of Bratslav in 1764, Shargorod was his residence, but many palaces belong to Lubomirsky throughout Poland (Warsaw, Rzeszow, Przemysl). The treasures of Tatar silver and Swedish coins found here, as well as the ruins of a huge synagogue with a secret staircase in the wall, tell about the former glory of Rashkov in the Middle Ages.

Nature Reserve and Trinity Monastery in Saharna

The nature reserve "Saharna" is located on the right bank of the Dniester, 10 km from the city, includes a gorge 5 km long and 170 meters deep, many springs and a forest area dominated by oak, hornbeam, acacia with an area of ​​670 hectares. The Saharna Stream forms 22 waterfalls on its way, the largest of which falls from a height of four meters. Steep slopes are cut by ravines, and in the early morning the gorge is wrapped in fog and, as the legend says, a person can disappear into it forever...

The Trinity Monastery (1776) hid in a gorge and is located, as it were, in a large shell. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Annunciation Church was carved into a 15-meter rock, in which hermit monks lived and now there are the relics of St. Macarius. The summer Trinity Church was built in the upper courtyard in 1821 - the interior has an impressive dome on a high drum, the interior space is opened up with great energy. And where the foot of the Virgin Mary once stepped, and her imprint remained, now a chapel has been built.

Assumption rock monastery in Tsypovo

Carved into a giant cliff, this is the most significant of the rock complexes, located 20 km south of Rybnitsa on the right bank of the Dniester. The middle part of the monastery was carved in the Middle Ages and had a system of protective passages; a narrow path over the abyss led to small cells, protecting the inhabitants from dashing newcomers. The caves were cut down from trees growing nearby, and when the trees were cut down, the entrance to the caves was possible only by rope ladders, which, in case of danger, went up. At the end of the 18th century, the threat of raids passed, the approaches were improved, the cells were expanded and the church premises were created. “Entirely hidden in the rock, the monastery from the Dniester looks whitening in the middle of the mountain with an array of limestone with dark window openings. At different times of the day, it is diverse: it is unusually picturesque in the morning, when the facade colored by sunrise from a height of fifty meters echoes its counterpart in the river surface. Graphically clearly drawn in the rays of the midday sun, marked by sharp shadows from overhanging blocks of stone. It is poetic in the evening, when mysteriously faded, barely distinguishable on a shaded mountain, along with it, an indistinct reflection falls into the waters of the Dniester. (D. Goberman)

honorary citizens

• Babarykin, Viktor Nikolaevich
• Kamyshnikov, Pyotr Ivanovich
• Kozlova, Nadezhda Gerasimovna
• Fomin, Anatoly Pavlovich
• Yablonsky, Ivan Antonovich
• Bondarevskaya, Natalya Danilovna
• Broznitsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
• Klishchevsky, Zakhar Avdeevich
• Korsak, Mikhail Mikhailovich
• Mamaliga, Ivan Alekseevich
• Marchenko, Nina Petrovna
• Popov, Nikodim Khrisantovich
• Shurpa Andrey Avksentevich
• Chernenko, Ivan Petrovich
• Chebotar, Efim Karpovich
• Goncharuk, Boris Ivanovich
• Tereshin, Yuri Pavlovich
• Vlasyuk, Efim Alekseevich
• Belitchenko, Anatoly Konstantinovich
• Palagnyuk, Boris Timofeevich
• Gonchar, Vladimir Alexandrovich
• Klementiev, Vasily Alexandrovich
• Platonov, Yuri Mikhailovich
• Serdtsev, Nikolai I.
• Zheltov, Mikhail Mikhailovich

twin cities

Causeni and regions of Moldova. In fact, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is an unrecognized state, most of the declared territory of which is not controlled by Moldova.

Topographic maps

• Map sheet L-35-10. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1986. Edition 1988
• Map sheet L-35-11 Slobodka. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1984. Edition 1987

Links

• Official website of the Rybnitsa City and District Council of People's Deputies
• Official website of the State Administration of the city of Rybnitsa and the Rybnitsa region
• Information and entertainment portal of the city of Rybnitsa
• Rybnitsa. Info - independent news portal
• Website of the Rybnitsa branch of the Pridnestrovian State University. T. G. Shevchenko
• Map of Rybnitsa and surroundings
• The site of the cinema "Enigma" Rybnitsa

Story

The first information about the population on the territory of Rybnitsa dates back to the first half of the 17th century. It is generally accepted that it is named after the Dniester River of the same name. The locals were mainly engaged in agriculture and fishing. This is evidenced by the excavations carried out near the village of Vykhvatintsy, which is 12 km. from the city. Archeological data show that the territory was inhabited in the Paleolithic period 100 thousand years ago.

In the middle of the century, the area was repeatedly subjected to devastating Tatar raids, the swords of Lithuanian feudal lords left their traces here, and from the 16th century it fell under the domination of Panic Poland.

In 1793, as a result of the 2nd partition of the Commonwealth (Poland), this territory was annexed to Russia, and since 1797 Rybnitsa became part of the Molokish volost of the Baltsky district of the Podolsk province.

At the end of the 19th century, the railway that ran through the city had a certain influence on the further fate of Rybnitsa. It gave impetus to the development of trade and industry, and made Rybnitsa one of the centers for the formation of the working class.

Since 1893, regular navigation has been established on the Dniester, and a pier was equipped in Rybnitsa.

In 1898, the first sugar factory in Moldova was built with the first electric generator in the region.

The development of deposits of shell rock, used in construction, limestone, used for refining sugar, the so-called "sugar stone", began.

Steam mills, a bakery, a brick factory, lime kilns were built.

In 1871, a ministerial school was opened, after another 6 years - a literacy school for girls. There were 2-class schools.

The history of Rybnitsa is rich in military revolutionary events. The workers of the city and the peasants of nearby villages took an active part in the revolutionary events of 1905-1907.

In 1905, a wave of uprisings swept through Rybnitsa, the villages of Plot, Vasilievka.

In May 1905, an uprising broke out among the peasants of the village of Mokra. The uprising was led by a local peasant Fyodor Antosyak.

The waves of the Great October Socialist Revolution also reached the banks of the gray Dniester. In December 1917, the flag of Soviet power was hoisted in Rybnitsa. During 1918-1919, the Rybnitsa lands were repeatedly attacked by the German-Austrian interventionists, bandits of Hetman Skoropatsky and Petliurists, and in the fall of 1919 Denikin's troops occupied Rybnitsa.

In February 1920, Rybnitsa was liberated by the Red Army.

The days of difficult, cruel struggle were replaced by days of creation, building a new life.

In 1924, Rybnitsa became an urban-type settlement and a regional center of the Moldavian ASSR.

In 1938 Rybnitsa acquires the status of a city. This emphasized the achievements of workers in economic and cultural construction.

During the years of the pre-war five-year plans, a power station was built in the city, the capacities of the sugar factory, lime mining were increased, flour milling and local industries appeared. By 1940, there were already five schools here, three of them were secondary schools, kindergartens, a cinema, and several libraries.

But in 1941, the flames of war again fell. For three years, the German-Romanian invaders ruled the land of Rybnitsa, bringing death and destruction with them. The Nazis destroyed enterprises, plundered collective farms and state farms, took out a lot of valuables. The years of their stay on the land of the Rybnitsa region were marked by mass atrocities and repressions. The Nazi invaders tortured and shot hundreds of people. Retreating, the Nazis left their last bloody trail - in the Rybnitsa prison they shot and burned 270 Soviet patriots and Romanian anti-fascists.

The post-war years are characterized by a sharp acceleration in the pace of technical progress, cultural and economic development for the region and the city.

Today, 15 industrial enterprises are located in the city. Centrifugal pumps manufactured by the Rybnitsa Pumping Plant are known far beyond the borders of the republic. They are supplied to many economic regions of the former Soviet Union and far abroad. The city also has a bakery plant with a powerful elevator, a winery, a dairy plant, a bakery, and a nonwovens factory. In the late 50s, the construction of a cement-slate plant began in the city. In 1961, the enterprise produced its first products.

In 1984, the Moldavian Metallurgical Plant was built, which is now one of the top ten ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the world, whose products are of high quality and are in demand both in the CIS countries and in a number of far-abroad countries.

The city has a new railway station, bus station.

The area has established itself as a major educational center. In addition to 39 secondary schools, specialists are trained by 2 lyceums, branches of the Pridnestrovian University and the North-Western Polytechnic Institute, a branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law.

Administrative-territorial structure and population

The territory of the city and the district is - 850, 21 km2
Populated puncots - 47

75,283 people live in the city of Rybnitsa and the Rybnitsa district.

famous countrymen:

The main asset of the city is its inhabitants. Rybnitsa is rightly proud of many countrymen:

Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky P.A. (1725-1796) - Commander, Field Marshal of the Russian Army, a native of the village of Stroentsy,

Rubinstein A.G. (1829-1894) - composer, pianist, conductor, teacher, native of the village of Vykhvatintsy,

Kruchenyuk P.A. (1917-1988) - writer, poet, native of the village. Flesh,

Stirbu K.A. (1915-1999) - actor, People's Artist of the USSR, born in the village of Broshtyany,

Bogdesko I.T. (1923) - People's Artist of the USSR, graphic artist, painter

Doga E.D. (1937) - composer, People's Artist of the Moldavian SSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, a native of the village of Mokra.

Thanks to the daily work, talent and creative potential of many generations of Rybnitsa residents, Rybnitsa is changing and prospering - a beautiful city.

In the modern world, there are not so few unrecognized or partially Pridnestrovie among them. It is a tiny country with an undetermined status, located in the southeastern part of Europe. This article will help you find out which cities belong to Pridnestrovie, as well as tell you a lot of interesting information about them.

Transnistria: a brief essay on the unrecognized state

Transnistria (officially abbreviated - PMR) is a narrow strip of land between the Dniester and the territory of Ukraine. De jure, these territories belong to Moldova. De facto, there is a self-governing republic, but not recognized by the world community, which declared its independence in 1990. Today the situation with the Transnistrian region is classified in the European politicum as a "frozen conflict".

The area of ​​modern Transnistria is tiny even in comparison with miniature Moldova (slightly more than 4000 sq. km). About 500 thousand people live within the republic (about 70% of this number live in cities). The ethnic structure of the population is dominated by three peoples: Moldovans, Ukrainians and Russians.

The PMR inherited a number of large industrial enterprises from the Soviet economy. Among them are the Moldavian State District Power Plant, a metallurgical and textile plant, and a cognac factory. Major cities of Transnistria actively trade with the European Union. True, all products manufactured in the republic are marked with the Made in Moldova sign.

In conclusion of our short story about Transnistria, a few interesting facts about this territorial entity:

• The PMR is the only country in the world whose flag and coat of arms depict the main Soviet attributes (hammer, sickle and five-pointed star);
• in Transnistria there are embassies of two other unrecognized states - Abkhazia and South Ossetia;
• the cities of Transnistria are distinguished by neatness, grooming and cleanliness, which is often compared with Belarusian;
• in the Transnistrian city of Bender died here in 1710, another Ukrainian hetman presented the public with the first constitution in Europe;
• the two largest cities of the republic (Bendery and Tiraspol) are connected by one of the few intercity trolleybus lines in Europe with a length of 13 kilometers;
• in Transnistria there are offices of the political party "United Russia";
• the Transnistrian ruble in 2012-2015 was recognized as the strongest currency in the post-Soviet space.

History of one war

The collapse of the USSR intensified separatist movements and with renewed vigor ignited a number of conflicts in different parts of the vast empire. One of these hot spots was the left bank of the Dniester.

In the early 1990s, the conflict between the newly minted Moldovan authorities and the Transnistrian nomenklatura elite escalated significantly. Pridnestrovians did not want to be part of Moldova, fearing rapprochement with Romania.

The conflict entered the phase of open military confrontation in the spring of 1992. In March, Moldova decided to restore its power over the rebellious left bank of the Dniester by force. However, units of the 14th Russian Army, as well as guardsmen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, acted on the side of the Pridnestrovians. Therefore, the Moldovans failed to establish control over Transnistria, and the Dniester River very quickly turned into a front line.

The culmination of this war was the battle for the city of Bendery. In July 1992, Pridnestrovian armed detachments, supported by Russian tanks, crossed the Dniester and entrenched themselves in Bendery. A real massacre began on the streets of the city, claiming the lives of 600 people. After this battle, the parties began to look for ways to peacefully resolve the conflict and, finally, signed a peace agreement in Moscow.

Overall, about 1,200 people died in the Transnistrian conflict.

Cities of Transnistria

Administratively, the territory of the PMR is divided into 5 districts. Within the unrecognized state, there are 8 cities (they are listed from north to south):

• Kamenka;
• Rybnitsa;
• Dubossary;
• Grigoriopol;
• capital Tiraspol;
• Bendery;
• Slobodzeya;
• border town of Dnestrovsk.

Transnistria also hosts a number of disputed and dual status territories. These include several villages (Koshnitsa, Pyryta, Dorotskoe, etc.), the Varnitsa microdistrict in Bendery and the village of Korzhevo in Dubossary.

Almost the capital - the city of Tiraspol

Pridnestrovie, like any other country in the world, has its own capital. This is the city of Tiraspol. Although it is very difficult for a person from the post-Soviet space to imagine a capital with a population of 130 thousand people. Nevertheless, the "capital" is felt here. The quiet, provincial streets of Tiraspol are distinguished by a certain solidity, and in massive public buildings one can feel the “spirit of power”, although not recognized by anyone.

Tiraspol houses the government and parliament of the PMR. In addition, the city is an important historical and cultural center not only of Transnistria, but of the whole of Moldova.

From the Greek language, the name Tiraspol is translated very simply and clearly - “the city on the Dniester”. It really is located on the left bank of the largest Eastern European river, just six kilometers from the border with Ukraine. The city was founded in 1792. It was at this time, on the orders of Suvorov, that the construction of the fortress began here. In 1806, Tiraspol became a county center within the Kherson province, and between the two world wars, it managed to visit the center of the Moldavian ASSR.

Modern Tiraspol is quite pleasant. Its center pleases with cleanliness, tidiness, wide sidewalks, neat flower beds and a large number of rare (Soviet) artifacts.

There are few tourist attractions in the capital of the PMR. These include the old fortress (end of the 18th century), the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ (2000), the chic and pompous House of Soviets, built in the 50s. In addition, tourists in Tiraspol like to visit the modern Sheriff sports complex, which occupies a huge area of ​​65 hectares.

Bender is the most touristic city in Transnistria

Very few cities of Pridnestrovie can boast of constant visits by tourists from near and far abroad. Bender is one of those. If travelers decide to go to the PMR, then they definitely visit this city.

The city of Bender is the second in size and population in the republic. And the first in the number of historical and architectural monuments. In the city center, many beautiful buildings of the 19th-20th centuries have been preserved. But the main tourist attraction in Bendery is the ancient and well-preserved Turkish fortress. By the way, part of the citadel is still occupied by an active military unit.

Along with traditional architectural monuments, there are quite a few “monuments” of the 1992 war in Bendery. For example, they decided not to restore the walls of the city hall, beaten by fragments of shells. Traces of the war can still be seen on its facades.

Rybnitsa - the industrial center of Transnistria

In the north of the unrecognized country, surrounded by the picturesque hills of the Podolsk Upland, the city of Rybnitsa is located. Pridnestrovie owes much to this city with its powerful industrial complex. Rybnitsa provides about half of the PMR's budget revenues, as well as about 60% of the republic's exports. More than 400 different enterprises operate here.

From the point of view of tourism, the city is not very remarkable. Of the local attractions - a large-scale Victory Memorial, the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (the largest in the PMR), as well as a magnificent (in terms of historical value) cemetery. Another highlight of Rybnitsa can be called an abandoned cable car (industrial purpose), spectacularly hovering over the Dniester.

Kamenka - a resort pearl of Transnistria

If the title of the tourist mecca of the republic rightfully belongs to Bendery, then the city of Kamenka can safely be called the "recreational capital" of the unrecognized state. Transnistria can really boast of a pretty good resort, which has been known since the 1870s. The city of Kamenka is located in the extreme north of the PMR, at the confluence of the river of the same name with the Dniester. Unique natural and climatic conditions have been formed here: a rocky, almost mountain range reliably shelters the city from cold winds, providing the Pridnestrovian resort with long summers and rather mild winters.

Only 9 thousand people live in Kamenka. The foundation of the local economy is agriculture and resorts. The most famous in the republic sanatorium "Dnestr" operates in the city, designed for the simultaneous improvement of 450 people. Kamenka is also famous for its fragrant and very tasty grapes and, accordingly, excellent wine.

Dnestrovsk - the energy heart of the republic

The city of Dnestrovsk is located in the extreme south of the PMR, in close proximity to the Ukrainian border. It is here that the largest power plant in the republic is located. The electricity generated here is even exported (to Moldova and Ukraine).

By chance, the Moldavskaya GRES in 1964 was built on the left bank of the river. If this had not happened, the economic independence of the unrecognized republic would now be in question. Today, about 10 thousand people live in the city. Most of the population of Dnestrovsk works at the local power plant.

rybnitsa rybnitsa, rybnitsa transdniestria
Rybnitsa(Mold. Rîbniţa, Rybnitsa, Ukrainian Ribnitsa) is a city in Transnistria on the left bank of the Dniester River, 110 km from Chisinau and 120 km from Tiraspol. Railroad station. The administrative center of the Rybnitsa region of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.

• 1. History
• 2 Economy
• 3 Population
• 4 Transport
• 5 Social sector
  • 5.1 Nearby attractions
• 6 Personalities
• 7 Honorary citizens
• 8 Twin cities
• 9 Notes
• 10 Topographic maps
• 11 Links

Story

The first information about the settlement on the territory of the city dates back to the first half of the 15th century. One of the first mentions of Rybnitsa dates back to 1628, when it was marked as a settlement on the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. There are several versions about the origin of the city's name. According to one of them, it comes from the name of the Dry Rybnitsa river of the same name, at the mouth of which, at the confluence with the Dniester, the settlement was founded. According to the second - it is named after the boyar Rydvan, who, having risen to the rank of colonel among the Turks, "remembering the fat pork of his places" - decides to flee to the left bank of the Dniester, under the arm of the Polish king. Soon a wooden fortress was built and a settlement called Rydvanets appeared. This fact is mentioned in the book of the Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi, who visited these parts with the army in 1656-1657.

Local residents bred fish in blocked reservoirs along the Rybnitsa River. One pond was located in the Pushkin area, the second - on Zarechnaya, and the third - in the recreation area. They alternately released water, collected fish and sold it to visiting merchants. This is how the merchants quietly renamed Rydvanets into Rybnitsa. This settlement was part of the Polish kingdom.

In 1793, as a result of the second division of the Commonwealth, this territory was transferred to Russia, and from 1797 until the October Revolution, Rybnitsa was part of the Molokish volost of the Baltsky district of the Podolsk province. At the end of the 19th century, a railway was built through the city. Since 1893, regular navigation has been established on the Dniester. In 1898, the first sugar factory in the Podolsk province was built with the first electric generator set in the region.

In 1924, Rybnitsa became an urban-type settlement and a regional center of the Moldavian ASSR. In 1926, 9.4 thousand inhabitants lived in the city (38.0% - Jews, 33.8% - Ukrainians, 16.0% - Moldavians). 1938 Rybnitsa acquires the status of a city. In 1941-42, the remaining Jewish population of Rybnitsa was brutally tortured by the Romanian and German invaders. A memorial sign was erected at the place of executions of 500 Rybnitsa residents.

On December 19, 1962, the city of Rybnitsa was classified as a city of republican subordination of the Moldavian SSR. In 1991, the status was lost.

During the existence of the MSSR, the following plants operated in the city: sugar-alcohol, wine-making, bakery products, cement-slate, metallurgical, etc., plants: reinforced concrete structures and building parts, pumping, butter-making, etc., knitwear and linen factory. The population in 1975 was 39.9 thousand inhabitants, and in 1991 - already 62.9 thousand people. By 2005, the population had grown to 67.3 thousand people.

Economy

Rybnitsa has an advantageous transport and geographical position. The city is located on the left bank of the Dniester and is separated from the river by a concrete dam. Near the city there is a large reservoir. The surrounding area has significant reserves of minerals - raw materials for the production of building materials.

Rybnitsa is a large manufacturing and industrial center. 408 enterprises operate in the city, of which 64 are state-owned, 43 are municipal, 254 are limited liability companies and private firms. The oldest (1898) sugar factory in Transnistria and Moldova is also located here (although little is left of it, the sugar factory is in complete decline and has not been operating since 2003), a distillery, a metallurgical and cement-slate plants - two all-Union construction projects, a centrifugal pump plant . After the construction of the reservoir and the flooding of the lower part of the city, the center was redeveloped, and now the city is dominated by high-rise buildings. There is a pier and a railway station. A recreation area has been located near the reservoir since 1955.

Rybnitsa from Rezina. 2010

The Moldavian metallurgical plant was put into operation in 1985, now it produces 1 million tons of steel and 1 million rolled products per year, 3,000 people work here. The plant was awarded the Diamond and Gold Stars for product quality. The production volume of the plant is about 276 million dollars (52% of the total production of the PMR and 65% of exports), its share in the budget of the PMR is 15.5% (22.2 million dollars).

The volume of production of all other enterprises of the city is about 10 million dollars, or together with MMZ - 286 million dollars (54% of the production of the PMR).

For comparison: Tiraspol - 177 million dollars (33.5%), Bendery - 43 million dollars (8%)

Population

The population of the city as of January 1, 2014 was 47,949 inhabitants, in 2010 - 50.1 thousand people.

The national composition of the city (according to the 2004 census):

Transport

The main mode of transport is automobile. There is also a railway.

There was a cargo cable car across the Dniester, connecting Rybnitsa with the Moldovan village of Chorna. The road was dismantled in September 2014.

social sector

In the field of education, there are 12 schools, 1 educational institution of primary and secondary vocational education (GOU SPO "Rybnitsa Polytechnic College") and 3 higher educational institutions, including: a branch of the Pridnestrovian State University. T. G. Shevchenko, a branch of the North-Western Correspondence Technical University in St. Petersburg (closed) and the Consulting Point of the Tiraspol branch of the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law.

The development of physical culture and sports is provided by 4 youth sports schools, 150 sports facilities, including 37 sports halls, 2 swimming pools and 92 flat sports facilities.

Three Russian-language city newspapers are published in Rybnitsa - the official Novosti (circulation 2,500 copies), independent Good Day and Good Evening (circulation - 6,500 copies each). The republican newspaper "Homin" in Ukrainian is also published here (circulation - 2,000 copies).

There are 2 hotels in the city: "Tiras" with 250 beds and "Metallurg" with 50 beds, many restaurants and cafes. in the lower part of the city on the banks of the Dniester there is a sanatorium-dispensary MMZ.

Memorial of Military Glory. In the background on the right is Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Cathedral

In 1975, the Military Glory Memorial, 24 meters high, was built (the author of the project was V. Mednek). Two paired reinforced concrete pylons are lined with white marble, at the foot, on 12 granite slabs, the names of the liberators of the city and the region are carved (restored in 2010). In a POW camp, the Nazis destroyed 2,700 Soviet soldiers; in May-June 1943, about 3,000 Ukrainian fishermen were evicted near Ochakov; .

The main current attraction of the city was the Michael the Archangel Cathedral - the largest in Transnistria and Moldova, it was built for about 15 years and opened on November 21, 2006. The bells are placed on the third tier, in the center is a large bell "Blagovest" weighing 100 pounds, around it there are 10 more bells, the smallest of which weighs only 4 kg. The bells for the cathedral belfry were cast in the Moscow Joint Stock Company "Litex".

In addition to the Archangel Michael Cathedral itself, which can simultaneously accommodate about 2 thousand parishioners, a large, 3-storey parish house will be built on the territory of the temple complex, which will house a library, a canteen, a parish school and the rector's chambers.

Nearby Attractions

After the victory of the Lithuanian prince Olgerd on the Sinyukha river, Podolia was given to his nephew Fyodor Koriatovich. He ordered to build the castle of Kalaur over a narrow gorge around the turn of the river, on the border of Lithuania and Moldova, which was completely ready by the end of the 14th century. During the marriage of the son of B. Khmelnitsky - Timosh and the daughter of the Moldavian ruler V. Lupu - Ruksanda, the newlyweds receive this castle as a gift from B. Khmelnitsky, but, unfortunately, it has not survived to this day. The ancient church of St. Cayetana in Rashkov, built in 1749 (baroque) by the Polish magnate Stanisław Lubomirski (1704-93). The two towers are decorated with Ionic and Tuscan order pilasters. Art. Lubomirsky became the governor of Bratslav in 1764, Shargorod was his residence, but many palaces belong to Lubomirsky throughout Poland (Warsaw, Rzeszow, Przemysl). The treasures of Tatar silver and Swedish coins found here, as well as the ruins of a huge synagogue with a secret staircase in the wall, tell about the former glory of Rashkov in the Middle Ages.

Nature Reserve and Trinity Monastery in Saharna Main article: Saharna

The nature reserve "Saharna" is located on the right bank of the Dniester, 10 km from the city, includes a gorge 5 km long and 170 meters deep, many springs and a forest area dominated by oak, hornbeam, acacia with an area of ​​670 hectares. The Saharna stream forms 22 waterfalls on its way, the largest of which falls from a height of four meters. Steep slopes are cut by ravines, and in the early morning the gorge is wrapped in fog and, as the legend says, a person can disappear into it forever...

The Trinity Monastery (1776) hid in a gorge and is located, as it were, in a large shell. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Annunciation Church was carved into a 15-meter rock, in which hermit monks lived and now there are the relics of St. Macarius. in the upper courtyard in 1821 the summer Trinity Church was built - the interior has an impressive dome on a high drum, the interior space is opened up with great energy. And where the foot of the Virgin Mary once stepped, and her imprint remained, now a chapel has been built.

Assumption rock monastery in Tsypovo Main article: Tsypovo

Carved into a giant cliff, this is the most significant of the rock complexes, located 20 km south of Rybnitsa on the right bank of the Dniester. The middle part of the monastery was carved in the Middle Ages and had a system of protective passages; a narrow path over the abyss led to small cells, protecting the inhabitants from dashing newcomers. The caves were cut down from trees growing nearby, and when the trees were cut down, the entrance to the caves was possible only by rope ladders, which, in case of danger, went up. At the end of the 18th century, the threat of raids passed, the approaches were improved, the cells were expanded and a church building was created. “Entirely hidden in the rock, the monastery from the Dniester looks whitening in the middle of the mountain with an array of limestone with dark window openings. it is different at different times of the day: it is unusually picturesque in the morning, when the facade, colored by sunrise, from a height of fifty meters echoes its counterpart in the river surface. Graphically clearly drawn in the rays of the midday sun, marked by sharp shadows from overhanging blocks of stone. It is poetic in the evening, when mysteriously faded, barely distinguishable on a shaded mountain, along with it, an indistinct reflection falls into the waters of the Dniester. (D. Goberman)

Personalities

• Rybnitsa Rebbe Chaim-Zanvl Abramovich, Hasidic tzaddik, rabbi of Rybnitsa.
• Meir Argov (Grabovsky), Israeli politician, one of the 37 signatories of the country's Declaration of Independence.
• Pavel Yakovlevich Zaltsman, film artist, painter, writer; Between 1917 and 1925 he lived intermittently in Rybnitsa.
• David Alexandrovich Zelvensky, military historian.
• Yitzhak Yitzhaki (Lishovsky), Israeli politician of a socialist persuasion, member of the Knesset.
• Valery Kabak, professor of Balti State University. Alec Russo.
• Victor Ivanovich Komlyakov, Moldavian chess player, grandmaster.
• Alexander Semyonovich Markus, Moldavian mathematician.
• Israel Aronovich Feldman, Moldavian mathematician.
• Semyon Isaakovich Shvartsburd, Soviet mathematician-teacher, founder of specialized physics and mathematics schools.
• Arnold Petrovich Shvartsman, Ukrainian Soviet mathematician, head of the department of theoretical mechanics of the hydraulic engineering faculty of the Odessa Institute of Marine Engineers, was born in 1903 in Rybnitsa.

honorary citizens

• Babarykin, Viktor Nikolaevich
• Kamyshnikov, Pyotr Ivanovich
• Kozlova, Nadezhda Gerasimovna
• Fomin, Anatoly Pavlovich
• Yablonsky, Ivan Antonovich
• Bondarevskaya, Natalya Danilovna
• Broznitsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
• Klishchevsky, Zakhar Avdeevich
• Korsak, Mikhail Mikhailovich
• Mamaliga, Ivan Alekseevich
• Marchenko, Nina Petrovna
• Popov, Nikodim Khrisantovich
• Shurpa Andrey Avksentevich
• Chernenko, Ivan Petrovich
• Chebotar, Efim Karpovich
• Goncharuk, Boris Ivanovich
• Tereshin, Yuri Pavlovich
• Vlasyuk, Efim Alekseevich
• Belitchenko, Anatoly Konstantinovich
• Palagnyuk, Boris Timofeevich
• Gonchar, Vladimir Alexandrovich
• Klementiev, Vasily Alexandrovich
• Platonov, Yuri Mikhailovich
• Serdtsev, Nikolai I.
• Zheltov, Mikhail Mikhailovich

twin cities

• Vinnitsa (Ukraine)
• Naked Pier (Ukraine)
• Dmitrov (Russia)

Notes

1. This settlement is located in the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. According to the administrative-territorial division of Moldova, most of the territory controlled by the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is part of Moldova as administrative-territorial units on the left bank of the Dniester, the other part is part of Moldova as the municipality of Bendery. The declared territory of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, controlled by Moldova, is located on the territory of the Dubossary, Caushansky and Novoanensky regions of Moldova. In fact, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is an unrecognized state, most of the declared territory of which is not controlled by Moldova.
2. 1 2 State Statistical Service of the PMR: Socio-economic development of the PMR in 2013 (final data)
3. Decree of the President of the PMR No. 420 "On the appointment of the head of the state administration of the Rybnitsa region and the city of Rybnitsa"
4. National composition of the PMR population according to the 2004 census
5. EMERCOM of Russia and the cable car in Rybnitsa
6. Historical reference (Russian). Retrieved May 29, 2013. Archived from the original on May 29, 2013.

Topographic maps

• Map sheet L-35-10. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1986. Edition 1988
• Map sheet L-35-11 Slobodka. Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the area in 1984. Edition 1987

Links

• Official website of the Rybnitsa City and District Council of People's Deputies
• Official website of the State Administration of the city of Rybnitsa and the Rybnitsa region
• Information and entertainment portal of the city of Rybnitsa
• Unofficial site of the city
• Website of the Rybnitsa branch of the Pridnestrovian State University. T. G. Shevchenko
• map of Rybnitsa and surroundings
• website of the Enigma cinema in Rybnitsa

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Rybnitsa Information About

The third largest city (50 thousand inhabitants) and the second largest city of Pridnestrovie is Rybnitsa, 130 kilometers away from Tiraspol. Even historically: as already mentioned, the PMR consists of two halves - "Novorossiysk" and "Podolsk", and if Tiraspol is the center of the first, then Rybnitsa is the second. Before the revolution, it was a large Jewish town in the Balta district, since 1925 - an urban-type settlement, since 1938 - a city, but the turning point in the life of Rybnitsa was 1984, when the Moldavian Metallurgical Plant was launched. It is small, 5-10 times smaller than any of the main metallurgical plants in Russia, but it is enough for tiny Transnistria: Rybnitsa accounts for 52% of budget revenues and 65% of the republic's exports. There are other factories here, and interesting late Soviet architecture - Rybnitsa is unlike other industrial giants. Special thanks to Alexander for the tour of Rybnitsa bes_arab , without which I would at most take a little walk in the center.

From the site, we drove along the bypass, stumbling somewhere on the outskirts, in a cottage village, on such a strange monument. Who and in honor of what put it - did not even know the connoisseur of Rybnitsa bes_arab . I didn't know then, now I know - UPD: " Dima Krivoruchenko, a racing driver, crashed at this place in 2008 (every year in May, in Tiraspol, car racing at the airport in Tiraspol is dedicated to his memory). His father promised to make something like a square in this place .. Memorable and at the same time useful to the city, because. earlier there was an overgrown wasteland in this place. Here I did".

I don’t even know what puzzles more - an angel on top or this composition 20-30 centimeters high. Haven't seen this anywhere else.

Behind us was the railroad, along which the lineman wandered, looking thoughtfully in our direction. We went further along the bypass:

Because the MMZ is best seen from the bypass:

The phrase "Moldovan Metallurgical Plant" itself sounds like an oxymoron to me - well, something like the Norilsk Champagne Factory or the Pevek Riviera, if they existed. However, after all, if he were in the Odessa or Vinnitsa region, he would not be at all surprised. Among the metallurgical plants of the Soviet Union, MMZ is one of the three "last wave" of the 1980s - together with the Belarusian Zhlobin and the Far East Komsomolsk-on-Amur: electrometallurgical plants operating on scrap metal were supposed to cover local needs, moreover, Western Ukraine was also successfully located between BMZ and MMZ , which does not have its own metallurgy. As already mentioned, the capacity of the Moldavian Metallurgical Plant is not so great - up to a million tons of steel per year, while, as follows from the official website of the plant, the figures change very much, up to 3.5 times, from year to year. Now the plant is in decline, and yet, without it, Pridnestrovie would hardly have kept afloat. Outwardly, the MMZ, as befits a metallurgical plant, is huge and gloomy.

At the high-rise of the plant management, popularly known as the Pentagon, we turned into the city. Half a kilometer from the steel plant there is an elevator, and at its gate are the ruins of a bunker:

As I understand it, this is a legacy of the 1930s, of everything that is called the "Stalin line" and is being intensively restored in Belarus and Ukraine. Moreover, it is not the only one in Rybnitsa:

The pillbox is located on Kirova Street, which leads straight from here to the city center - although we originally planned to see Rybnitsa on the way back, the cold and fog exhausted us very quickly, and we went to the center to look for a cafe. Victory Square with the administration (to the left of the frame, I didn’t even notice it), the House of Culture and Lenin. Lenin's pose is somehow very cunning, he is clearly plotting something ... Isn't it a revolution, by the hour?

DC has a very nice mosaic. All this is clearly the 1960s, when the city took off with the construction of a cement plant:

At the beginning of the Walk of Fame is the dual Marx Engels:

And the building of the printing house - according to Alexander, pre-war, that is - constructivist. I would venture to suggest that this is the administration of the then Rybnitsa urban-type settlement of the late 1920s, most likely the oldest building in the city center:

And just in the panel, thoroughly Brezhnev Rybnitsa, this district looks almost like a German altstadt:

Also, according to Alexander, the best sushi restaurant in all of Pridnestrovie is located in this area. Indeed, where else would he be, no matter how in a city with that name? Yes, and in principle, in the central part of Rybnitsa it is very cozy and pretty, but all the same, they will accuse me of slandering for a photo of the industrial outskirts ... However, in working-class cities it is always like this - it is impossible to write about them without offending at least half of the inhabitants: if you show industrial and destroy - I denigrate it, if you show civilian areas - I hush it up, but if you show both, I denigrate and hush it up at the same time (at the choice of each particular reader).

We drove along Kirov Street to the edge of the slope:

I think this is a great triptych! West, Russia and the Soviet Union on the same spot!

Down the slope - a stone on the site of the future memorial to the defenders of Pridnestrovie. The high-rise buildings of Valchenko against the backdrop of mountains and, again, the high-rise buildings of Rezina:

Nobody is forgotten in the church, nothing is forgotten in the cathedral:

In the courtyard of the church - either just figurines of saints, or even a calvarium - a "model" of the way of the cross for Holy Week and religious processions:

According to Alexander, this is a church of some Protestant denomination, but it looks more like some kind of building at the church:

And you can shoot amazing scenes in the courtyard of two temples. Let's say a cross and a star:

Two Saviors:

Crosses and antennas. The cross is also an anna to some extent:

Cross and plant. More precisely, the Pridnestrovian cross and the Moldovan plant, cement has been produced in Rezina since 1985:

From here, in several zigzags along impressive interchanges, we drove off to Valchenko, almost immediately behind which there is a railway station. As in Bendery, passenger trains do not run here - the station is the directorate and ticket offices:

Although the railway has been here since 1893, it runs from west to east, that is, there is nowhere to go along the PMR, and the products of local factories are exported mainly in the direction of Russia and the port of Odessa. Therefore, the bridge to Rezina has not been working for many years - although it is guarded by machine gunners, Alexander did not advise stopping here:

We are already quite on the outskirts. The first city-forming enterprise of Rybnitsa is a sugar-alcohol plant, founded in 1898 and having the first power plant in Moldova and the PMR. I suspect that this is generally the oldest plant in Transnistria ... but since 2003 it has not been working. Some of its workshops are pre-revolutionary, and are the oldest buildings in Rybnitsa.

But we didn’t stop here for this - even from the bridge I noticed a cable car thrown across the Dniester, here known as the “industrial funicular”:

It once connected Rezina's careers with the Rybnitsa cement plant and stretched for 3-4 kilometers. In the world, such things are not uncommon - it is much more profitable to deliver raw materials from a quarry to a plant than by cars or wagons, and in far abroad I have heard about cable cars tens of kilometers long. But I had only seen this once before: in Bashkiria, and that cable car was still working.

Here - silence and oblivion. Despite the fact that the cement plant is working properly, spewing dense white dust into the sky, the cable car was killed first of all by the collapse of Moldova into one and a half states:

In Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan, there was once an international Sulukta narrow-gauge railway, and here there is an international industrial cable car. Near the water, as you can see, there is another bunker:

Surreal spectacle:

View of the Dniester from the bunker:

Already when I was leaving, I noticed that the same lineman was wandering dejectedly along the tracks ...

And I apologize for the quality of the photos - the weather ... But as soon as we left Rybnitsa, the clouds and fog dispersed and the bright Sun came out.
In the next part we will go to Rashkovo - almost the most beautiful place in Transnistria.