Brief biography of a famous traveler. Great travelers: list, discoveries and interesting facts

These people sailed to the horizon, crossed oceans, unknown lakes and uncharted valleys in search of new countries, riches and adventures. Among the most famous travelers in world history who explored our planet, discovering new lands, are Roald Amundsen, Christopher Columbus and 7 other outstanding personalities.

A Norwegian explorer who undertook several expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic and, together with his team, on December 14, 1911, after an exhausting race with a competitor, Robert Falcon Scott, became the first person to reach the geographic South Pole. Previously, Roal was the first to cross the Northwest Passage (1903-1906).

He was born on July 16, 1872 in the Norwegian city of Borg and died on June 18, 1928 at the age of 55 near Bear Island in the Arctic.

An English polar traveler, a naval officer, who reached the South Pole with his escort on 01/17/1912, about a month after Amundsen's competitor. Robert's first expedition, during which he explored Victoria Land and the Ross Ice Shelf, took place in 1901-1904.

He was born on June 6, 1868 in Devonport (Plymouth, England). He passed away on March 29, 1912 (aged 43) at the base camp in Antarctica.

3. . The famous British navigator and discoverer, who first mapped Newfoundland and became the first European to discover the eastern coast of Australia and Hawaii. In three voyages, James explored the Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic coast to the Bering Strait.

Born November 7, 1728 in Marton (Middlesbrough, England). 02/14/1779 was killed at the age of 50 by the natives of Hawaii in Kileikkua (Big Island, United States).

4. . Portuguese navigator, who, on the instructions of the Spanish king in 1519, set off on a voyage around the world, following to the west. So Fernand discovered the Strait of Magellan, later named after him, located at the upper tip of South America. He was not destined to tell about the discovery at home. In 1522, only a few members of the team returned to Portugal.

He was born in 1480 in Sabroz (Vila Real). On April 27, 1521, at the age of 41, he died at the hands of aborigines on the island of Mactan in the Philippines.

5. . One of the most famous Portuguese navigators and discoverers, who in 1498 found a sea route to India on behalf of Henry the Navigator. On the flagship São Gabriel, accompanied by two more ships (São Rafael und Bérrio), Vasco rounded the Cape of Good Hope and returned in 1499 home to Lisbon. The sailors filled the holds to the top with sacks of spices.

Vasco was born in Sines (Setubal) in 1469 and died in Kochi (India) on December 24, 1524 at the age of 55.

6. . Florentine navigator, navigator, merchant and cartographer. For the first time he suggested that the part of the world found by Christopher Columbus and later called "America" ​​is a previously unknown continent. The name associated with the name "Amerigo" was proposed by the Freiburg im Breisgau cartographer Martin Waldseemüller.

A Florentine was born on March 9, 1451 in Florence (Republic of Florence, now Italy). He died at the age of 60 in Seville (Spain) on February 22, 1512.

7. . The most famous sea traveler from Genoa, who, on behalf of Spain, crossed the Atlantic Ocean four times in search of an easier sea route to India, eventually opening the continent America for Europeans (1492), which began the era of colonization. During the first expedition, in which the ships Pinta, Niña and Santa Maria participated, after 36 days Christopher accidentally discovered the island of San Salvador in the Caribbean Sea.

He was born in 1451 in Genoa (Republic of Genoa, now a province of Italy). He died on May 20, 1506 in Valladolid (Spain), when he was 55 years old.

8. . A Venetian merchant who documented his travels and often backed up what he saw with evidence. Thanks to him, Europeans learned about Central Asia and China. According to Marco, he lived at the court of the Chinese emperor Kubla Khan for 24 years, but historians doubt this. The name Polo inspired the discoverers of the following generations.

Born in 1254 in Venice (Republic of Venice, now Italy) and died there at the age of 70 on January 8, 1324.

Scandinavian navigator who reached the North American continent 5 centuries before Columbus. In the 11th century, he sailed to it on his ship and became the first European to set foot on this land. Leif dubbed the found territory Vinland. The Scandinavian established trade relations between Greenland, Norway and Scotland.

Ericsson had a fiery temperament. Born in Iceland in 970, and died on the island of Greenland at the age of 50 in 1020.

(nicknamed Red). Norwegian-Icelandic navigator and discoverer. For the murder in 982 he was expelled from Iceland for 3 years and, making a sea voyage, came across the western coast of Greenland, where he founded the first Viking settlement in 985. Eirik called the discovered territory "green land".

Although in Russian the nickname of the Norman is translated as "red", historians believe that in fact it means "bloody". Thorvaldson was born in 950 in Jären (Norway). He died in 1003 at the age of 53 in Brattalida (Greenland).

These people made important discoveries, influencing the course of history. They explored the Arctic and Antarctic, "gave" the Europeans North America, Greenland and other lands. Travelers paved new sea and land routes that facilitated trade between countries.

Humanity owes these brave men not only interesting information, but also scientific discoveries.

And in the times that we call "prehistoric", there were people who could not sit still, who aspired there, beyond the horizon. They went into complete obscurity, without decent vehicles and means of protection at their disposal, thinking not of themselves, but of the great goal that they set and eventually achieved.

Hanno - 505 BC

Carthaginian (resident of the state of Carthage, located on the territory of modern Tunisia - approx. ed.) Gannon considered the very first of all known travelers. The Carthaginian Senate equipped 60 galleys, each of which had 50 rowers. This fleet was to make a risky expedition - to reach the western coast of Africa and colonize the land. Hanno was at the head of the expedition. In total, thirty thousand people went on a trip - today they would be called settlers: their mission was to develop new lands.

Sailing across the Atlantic Ocean was then incredibly dangerous. Nevertheless, Gannon and his associates, having overcome all the obstacles on the way, reached the shores of West Africa. On one of the islands (apparently belonging to the Canary Islands group), travelers discovered many gorillas and mistook them for "wild people". Hoping to establish contact, the Carthaginians captured three "savages", but soon, due to the aggressiveness of the gorillas, they had to be killed.

On other islands, the Carthaginians entered into friendly and commercial alliances with the locals. Having reached the South Horn, the travelers realized that they risked being left without supplies - they were running out. Then Gannon decided to return home. In Carthage, in the temple of Moloch, in memory of this journey, a large marble slab was placed on which a description of the great journey was carved.

Herodotus (484 - 425 BC)

Ancient Greek scientist - historian and geographer, Herodotus He became famous as the "father of history", as well as one of the first travelers. He compiled the first more or less accurate description of the real world for his contemporaries - based on his own observations and on the stories of other people.

To obtain the information necessary to write his most famous work - "History" - Herodotus traveled all the countries available at that time. He traveled to Greece and Egypt, Persia and Babylonia, Asia Minor and Southern Italy, the Mediterranean islands and the Crimea.

Herodotus began to travel at about 20 years old, and his goal was precisely science - he sought to collect as much information as possible about ongoing events, about the peoples who inhabited different lands. His first journey resulted in a major study of those peoples who at that time were not yet known to the Greeks. Herodotus wrote in his writings about the Greco-Persian wars, about the manners and customs of the Persians.

He was the first to describe Scythia and the peoples inhabiting this country, gave a complete description of the Ister (Danube) river, which flows through all of Europe, and Borisfen (Dnieper). In the writings of Herodotus, much attention is paid to Scythian myths - for example, about Hercules. He also writes about the Amazons - female warriors.

Later, Herodotus visited Northeast Africa, in Cyrene, and was the first in history to describe these territories. Herodotus collected very interesting information about Egypt, and modern scholars for the most part confirm the correctness of his descriptions.

Pytheas (340 BC)

Tragedy Pythea lies in the fact that his stories about distant countries aroused distrust and ridicule among his contemporaries. But his courage deserves respect - he dared to embark on a dangerous voyage across the Atlantic on a single ship. The expedition of Pytheas was heading to the North - they hoped to find tin and amber in uncharted lands. Such an order was given to Pytheas by his fellow merchants from the city of Massilia (Marseille). Pytheas did an excellent job with the assignment, while making several important geographical discoveries.

For example, moving north, he noticed that the farther to the northern latitudes, the longer the day becomes. Thus, the relationship between the length of day and night and geographic latitude was established. In addition, he was the first to guess that the ebbs and flows are associated with the attraction of the moon. Pytheas discovered that the North Star cannot serve as an accurate guide to the north. He was able to make all these and other discoveries thanks to his travels.

Eudoxus (IIcentury BC)

Greek scientist and geographer Eudoxus He began his travels by visiting Egypt and India.

Having hired a large ship and two launches, Eudoxus sailed through the waters of the Atlantic. It is not known how far he made his way. Scholars are wary of putting too much trust in his evidence because there is no credible evidence. However, it is known for sure that by order of the pharaoh Ptolemy Eudoxus visited India, sailing there accompanied by an Indian guide. This was followed by a second trip to India - Eudoxus was sent there by the queen Cleopatra, to bring Indian incense.

Deciding to go around Africa, the brave traveler almost carried out a dizzying plan, but died at the very end of the journey.

Strabo (64/63 BC - 23/24 AD)

Ancient Greek traveler and geographer Strabo was known for his comprehensive education. He left behind an amazing work - "Geography" in 17 volumes, which contained the most detailed and diverse information about many countries and peoples. The chapters on the Trans-Caspian lands, on Asian Scythia, and on the Caucasus are relevant and interesting even today.

Strabo traveled a lot. He repeatedly visited Egypt and compiled a detailed description of Alexandria, described the Egyptian pyramids, talked a lot about the wonders of the world.

Strabo lived a long life and died in Rome. His "Geography" is the most important and most interesting monument of ancient Greek science.

Pyotr Beketov (1600 - after 1661) - Russian explorer of the 17th century, explorer of Siberia.

One of the most exemplary "Russian conquistadors", who honestly served his cause and did not get involved in any adventures, Beketov was the founder of several Russian cities.

Biography

Almost nothing is known about the early years of the life of many prominent personalities of the 17th century; Pyotr Beketov is no exception in this sense. Information about him appears only in the 1620s, when he got a job as an archer in the civil service.

Some time later, in 1627, Beketov sent a petition to the tsar, in which he asked to be given the position of centurion in order to have at least some decent salary.

Vasily Poyarkov is one of the discoverers of Siberia. He made a huge contribution to the development of these lands.

In the 17th century, the Russian Empire dreamed of annexing Siberia to its lands. It was a huge and rich territory, where many peoples lived.

Special expeditions were assembled to study and annex the Siberian lands. One of them was headed by Vasily Poyarkov.

Years of life

Accurate information about the years of life of Vasily Poyarkov has not been preserved. Only documentary sources have survived to this day, in which there is information about his activities. They date back to 1610-1667.

Vasily Ermolaevich Bugor was an Arctic navigator and one of the pioneers of Siberia.

He explored unexplored territories, helping the Yenisei governor A. Oshanin.

Years of life

The exact years of Bugor's life are unknown, but historians believe that he was born around 1600 and died in 1668.

Biography of Bugor

Bugor did not have a noble origin. He was a Cossack foreman, participated in the construction of prisons and the study of Siberia.

Mikhail Stadukhin is a explorer and polar navigator of the 17th century who explored North-Eastern Siberia, a man who was one of the first to visit the north of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, as well as the Kolyma, Gizhiga, Penzhina and Anadyr rivers.

The geographical discoveries of M. Stadukhin became a huge contribution to the discovery and study of the Russian coast of the Arctic and the Pacific Ocean.

Years of life of Mikhail Stadukhin

Date of birth unknown, died 1666.

Biography of Mikhail Stadukhin

It is not known for certain what year Mikhail Stadukhin was born. Presumably, the Russian explorer was born into a family of Pomors in one of the villages on the Pinega River.

The development of Siberia in the 17th century is often presented as the most important event in the history of Russia in modern times.

It is referred to as the Russian analogue of the Great geographical discoveries of the European world and the conquest of the New World.

In part, this is a fair comparison. In the context of the emergence of the all-Russian market and the rise of the economy, the development of new trade routes is an important stage in the development of the country.

S. I. Chelyuskin is a sea traveler, researcher, member of a long-term expedition, who made serious geographical discoveries that were ignored during his lifetime.

Origin

Chelyuskin's ancestors (according to the documents of the 17th century - Chelyustkins) were at first quite successful people, held important positions, were well promoted, were rich

But under Peter the Great, Semyon Ivanovich's father fell into disgrace (he was among the rebellious Moscow archers) and until the end of his life his family vegetated in the wilderness, barely making ends meet.

Exact information about where and when S. I. Chelyuskin was born has not yet been found, approximately 1700.

Education

In 1714, the noble undergrowth Semyon Chelyuskin was admitted to a Moscow school, where boys were taught exact and navigational sciences. Here, the future researcher comprehended the wisdom of mathematics, geography, astronomy.

He was a smart and diligent student. In 1721, after graduating, he was recommended for a certificate for navigational activity.

Yu. F. Lisyansky is an outstanding Russian navigator, who together with made a trip around the world.

Youth

Y. Lisyansky was born in the Little Russian city of Nizhyn in a simple family of a priest in 1773. Since childhood, he dreamed of the sea, so he entered the Naval Cadet Corps and successfully graduated from it. By appointment, he served on the frigate "Podrazhislav" as part of the squadron of Admiral S.K. Greig. He was a participant in Gogland and several other naval battles in the war with the Swedes, served as a volunteer in the British fleet, participated in battles with the French on the shores of North America, sailed to the Antilles and India.

circumnavigation

Returning to his homeland, Lisyansky was appointed commander of the Neva sloop. This ship was sent on a round-the-world expedition under the leadership of I.F. Kruzenshtern, who commanded the second Nadezhda sloop. These two Russian ships left their homeland in the middle of summer 1803 from Kronstadt. In November 1804, Yu. F. Lisyansky and I. F. Kruzenshtern were the first in the history of the Russian fleet to cross the equator line. In February of the same year, both ships bypassed Cape Horn, entering the Pacific waters. Here the ships separated.

Khariton Prokofievich Laptev is one of the largest Russian polar explorers. The future conqueror of the Arctic was born in the village of Pekarevo, located not far from, in 1700. In 1715, young Laptev entered the St. Petersburg Naval Academy, which he successfully completed three years later and entered the fleet as a midshipman. In 1726 he was promoted to midshipman. In 1734, he took part in the war against Stanislav Leshchinsky, who had been proclaimed the Polish king a year earlier.

The Mitava frigate, on which Laptev served, is captured by the French in the course of hostilities, who resorted to deception for this. Upon returning to his homeland, Laptev, along with the rest of the Mitava officers, is sentenced to death for surrendering the ship without a fight, but the crew is found not guilty in time. After this misunderstanding, Khariton Prokofievich returns to the service. In 1737 he was promoted to lieutenant, and was appointed commander of a detachment in the Great Northern Expedition. The purpose of the campaign was to explore the Arctic coast between the Lena and the Yenisei, another great Russian polar explorer, Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, a cousin of Khariton Prokofievich, also took part in it. In the early spring of 1738, members of the expedition arrived in Yakutsk.

Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a famous Russian traveler who, together with his cousin Khariton Prokofievich Laptev, became famous for his polar expeditions.

Born in 1701 into a family of small estate nobles in the village of Bolotovo. In 1715, together with his cousin, he began studying at the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg. Upon graduation in 1718, Laptev was promoted to midshipman on one of the ships of the Kronstadt squadron.

In 1721 he received the rank of midshipman, and in 1724 he became a non-commissioned lieutenant. From 1727 to 1729 he commanded the frigate Saint James.

The biography of the great polar explorer Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov is unusual and tragic. He was born in 1877 in a small Azov village, today this village bears the name of the great polar explorer. George learned hard work from an early age. His father, a simple Azov fisherman, went missing for several years. The boy had to work to feed his mother and eight brothers and sisters. He did not have time to learn to read and write, and until the age of 14 he could neither read nor write.

After his father returned home, in two years he graduated from the parochial school and ran away from home. What the boy did in that life and how he made his way to the desired goal is little known. But at the age of 21, Georgy Sedov received a diploma as a long-distance navigator. At the age of 24, after successfully passing the exam, he receives the rank of lieutenant.
His first hydrographic expedition was to the Arctic Ocean. The northern ice has long attracted the young sailor. He dreamed of conquering the North Pole and proving that a Russian person could do it.

It began, and the expedition to the North Pole had to be postponed. But the idea does not leave him. He writes articles in which he proves that the development of the Northern Sea Route is necessary. He worked on the Caspian Sea, in the Kolyma, explored the Krestovaya Bay in Novaya Zemlya.

Pyotr Beketov (1600 - after 1661) - Russian explorer of the 17th century, explorer of Siberia.

One of the most exemplary "Russian conquistadors", who honestly served his cause and did not get involved in any adventures, Beketov was the founder of several Russian cities.

Biography

Almost nothing is known about the early years of the life of many prominent personalities of the 17th century; Pyotr Beketov is no exception in this sense. Information about him appears only in the 1620s, when he got a job as an archer in the civil service.

Some time later, in 1627, Beketov sent a petition to the tsar, in which he asked to be given the position of centurion in order to have at least some decent salary.

Vasily Poyarkov is one of the discoverers of Siberia. He made a huge contribution to the development of these lands.

In the 17th century, the Russian Empire dreamed of annexing Siberia to its lands. It was a huge and rich territory, where many peoples lived.

Special expeditions were assembled to study and annex the Siberian lands. One of them was headed by Vasily Poyarkov.

Years of life

Accurate information about the years of life of Vasily Poyarkov has not been preserved. Only documentary sources have survived to this day, in which there is information about his activities. They date back to 1610-1667.

Vasily Ermolaevich Bugor was an Arctic navigator and one of the pioneers of Siberia.

He explored unexplored territories, helping the Yenisei governor A. Oshanin.

Years of life

The exact years of Bugor's life are unknown, but historians believe that he was born around 1600 and died in 1668.

Biography of Bugor

Bugor did not have a noble origin. He was a Cossack foreman, participated in the construction of prisons and the study of Siberia.

Mikhail Stadukhin is a explorer and polar navigator of the 17th century who explored North-Eastern Siberia, a man who was one of the first to visit the north of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, as well as the Kolyma, Gizhiga, Penzhina and Anadyr rivers.

The geographical discoveries of M. Stadukhin became a huge contribution to the discovery and study of the Russian coast of the Arctic and the Pacific Ocean.

Years of life of Mikhail Stadukhin

Date of birth unknown, died 1666.

Biography of Mikhail Stadukhin

It is not known for certain what year Mikhail Stadukhin was born. Presumably, the Russian explorer was born into a family of Pomors in one of the villages on the Pinega River.

The development of Siberia in the 17th century is often presented as the most important event in the history of Russia in modern times.

It is referred to as the Russian analogue of the Great geographical discoveries of the European world and the conquest of the New World.

In part, this is a fair comparison. In the context of the emergence of the all-Russian market and the rise of the economy, the development of new trade routes is an important stage in the development of the country.

S. I. Chelyuskin is a sea traveler, researcher, member of a long-term expedition, who made serious geographical discoveries that were ignored during his lifetime.

Origin

Chelyuskin's ancestors (according to the documents of the 17th century - Chelyustkins) were at first quite successful people, held important positions, were well promoted, were rich

But under Peter the Great, Semyon Ivanovich's father fell into disgrace (he was among the rebellious Moscow archers) and until the end of his life his family vegetated in the wilderness, barely making ends meet.

Exact information about where and when S. I. Chelyuskin was born has not yet been found, approximately 1700.

Education

In 1714, the noble undergrowth Semyon Chelyuskin was admitted to a Moscow school, where boys were taught exact and navigational sciences. Here, the future researcher comprehended the wisdom of mathematics, geography, astronomy.

He was a smart and diligent student. In 1721, after graduating, he was recommended for a certificate for navigational activity.

Yu. F. Lisyansky is an outstanding Russian navigator, who together with made a trip around the world.

Youth

Y. Lisyansky was born in the Little Russian city of Nizhyn in a simple family of a priest in 1773. Since childhood, he dreamed of the sea, so he entered the Naval Cadet Corps and successfully graduated from it. By appointment, he served on the frigate "Podrazhislav" as part of the squadron of Admiral S.K. Greig. He was a participant in Gogland and several other naval battles in the war with the Swedes, served as a volunteer in the British fleet, participated in battles with the French on the shores of North America, sailed to the Antilles and India.

circumnavigation

Returning to his homeland, Lisyansky was appointed commander of the Neva sloop. This ship was sent on a round-the-world expedition under the leadership of I.F. Kruzenshtern, who commanded the second Nadezhda sloop. These two Russian ships left their homeland in the middle of summer 1803 from Kronstadt. In November 1804, Yu. F. Lisyansky and I. F. Kruzenshtern were the first in the history of the Russian fleet to cross the equator line. In February of the same year, both ships bypassed Cape Horn, entering the Pacific waters. Here the ships separated.

Khariton Prokofievich Laptev is one of the largest Russian polar explorers. The future conqueror of the Arctic was born in the village of Pekarevo, located not far from, in 1700. In 1715, young Laptev entered the St. Petersburg Naval Academy, which he successfully completed three years later and entered the fleet as a midshipman. In 1726 he was promoted to midshipman. In 1734, he took part in the war against Stanislav Leshchinsky, who had been proclaimed the Polish king a year earlier.

The Mitava frigate, on which Laptev served, is captured by the French in the course of hostilities, who resorted to deception for this. Upon returning to his homeland, Laptev, along with the rest of the Mitava officers, is sentenced to death for surrendering the ship without a fight, but the crew is found not guilty in time. After this misunderstanding, Khariton Prokofievich returns to the service. In 1737 he was promoted to lieutenant, and was appointed commander of a detachment in the Great Northern Expedition. The purpose of the campaign was to explore the Arctic coast between the Lena and the Yenisei, another great Russian polar explorer, Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, a cousin of Khariton Prokofievich, also took part in it. In the early spring of 1738, members of the expedition arrived in Yakutsk.

Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a famous Russian traveler who, together with his cousin Khariton Prokofievich Laptev, became famous for his polar expeditions.

Born in 1701 into a family of small estate nobles in the village of Bolotovo. In 1715, together with his cousin, he began studying at the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg. Upon graduation in 1718, Laptev was promoted to midshipman on one of the ships of the Kronstadt squadron.

In 1721 he received the rank of midshipman, and in 1724 he became a non-commissioned lieutenant. From 1727 to 1729 he commanded the frigate Saint James.

The biography of the great polar explorer Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov is unusual and tragic. He was born in 1877 in a small Azov village, today this village bears the name of the great polar explorer. George learned hard work from an early age. His father, a simple Azov fisherman, went missing for several years. The boy had to work to feed his mother and eight brothers and sisters. He did not have time to learn to read and write, and until the age of 14 he could neither read nor write.

After his father returned home, in two years he graduated from the parochial school and ran away from home. What the boy did in that life and how he made his way to the desired goal is little known. But at the age of 21, Georgy Sedov received a diploma as a long-distance navigator. At the age of 24, after successfully passing the exam, he receives the rank of lieutenant.
His first hydrographic expedition was to the Arctic Ocean. The northern ice has long attracted the young sailor. He dreamed of conquering the North Pole and proving that a Russian person could do it.

It began, and the expedition to the North Pole had to be postponed. But the idea does not leave him. He writes articles in which he proves that the development of the Northern Sea Route is necessary. He worked on the Caspian Sea, in the Kolyma, explored the Krestovaya Bay in Novaya Zemlya.

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Italian traveler Marco Polo (1254-1324). In 1271-75 he traveled to China, where he lived approx. 17 years. In 1292-95 he returned to Italy by sea. The “Book” (1298) written from his words is one of the first sources of European knowledge about the countries of Central, East. and Yuzh. Asia.

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This is a period in the history of mankind that began in the 15th century and lasted until the 17th century, during which Europeans discovered new lands and sea routes to Africa, America, Asia and Oceania in search of new trading partners and sources of goods that were in great demand in Europe. Historians usually relate the "Great Discoveries" to the pioneering long-distance sea voyages of Portuguese and Spanish travelers in search of alternative trade routes to the "India" for gold, silver and spices.

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He was the first truly known traveler to cross the Atlantic Ocean and sail in the Caribbean. He marked the beginning of the discovery of the mainland of South America. He discovered all the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, etc.), Lesser Antilles and about. Trinidad. In his first expedition, he equipped 3 ships: “Santa Maria”, “Pinta”, “Nina”. In total, Columbus made 4 voyages to America. In honor of Columbus are named: State in South America - Colombia Mount Cristobal Colon in Colombia. District of Columbia in the USA. Columbia River in the USA and Canada. Cities in USA Columbus and Columbia. Streets in Volgograd and Astrakhan, squares in New York and Zelenogad. thin John Vanderline. Landing of Columbus in America.

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Columbus can be called the discoverer of America with reservations. Even in the Middle Ages, the Icelandic Vikings visited North America, but nothing was known about this outside of Scandinavia. It was the expeditions of Columbus that made information about America public domain. The first island from the Bahamas was discovered on October 12, 1492. Map of the four expeditions of Columbus. Queen Isabella of Castile and Columbus Columbus Monument in Bremerhaven, Germany Replica of the Santa Maria ship.

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Florentine traveler. There is an opinion that he received this nickname or named himself in honor of the already named continent. As a navigator, he took part in expeditions to new lands in 1499 using the maps of Columbus, and gave them the name Venezuela - Little Venice, discovered the Amazon delta and also mapped 22 objects. In 1500-1504 he made two more trips from Portugal to the lands of the new continent. From 1505 he served as helmsman in the Spanish service for travels to India. According to legend, Christopher Columbus believed until the end of his days that he had discovered a new route to India. But the opinion soon spread that it was not India that was discovered, but a new continent. One of the first supporters of this version was Amerigo Vespucci, whose name the new part of the world acquired. It is believed that the term “new world” itself could have been proposed in 1503 by the same Vespucci, but this opinion is disputed.

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Participated in equipping the second and third expeditions of Columbus, maintained friendly relations with him. According to the stories of his contemporaries, Amerigo was an exceptionally fair, intelligent and observant person. He had the talent of a writer, quite often exaggerated, talking about the nature and people of new lands, but never talk about the leaders of the expeditions and about your role in these expeditions. In honor of Amerigo Vespucci was named: Three-deck training frigate, launched in February 1931 in Naples. Airport in the Italian city of Florence. Main street in the city of Lima, the capital of Chile. Bridge thrown over the Arno River in the Italian city of Florence. Section of the embankment of the Arno River in Florence. AMERICUS VESPUCHIUS

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Portuguese navigator, known as the first European who made a sea voyage to India. On July 8, 1497, 4 ships left Lisbon: 2 large three-masted ships “San Gabriel” (flagship) and “San Rafael”, a light caravel “Berriu” and a transport ship for transporting supplies. The harness was the best maps and navigational instruments. A Brazilian football club is named after a city in Goa The longest bridge in Europe in Lisbon is named. The Adidas soccer sword model is named after the ship's logbook. Monument to Vasco da Gamma in front of the church in Sines.

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Only 5 years before his death, da Gamma received land holdings and the title of count. Only 2 ships returned after the expedition in September 1499. Nevertheless, from a financial point of view, the expedition was unusually successful - the proceeds of goods brought from India 60 times exceeded the costs of the expedition. Padran - a stone pillar with the image of the royal coat of arms of Portugal and an inscription - was placed as a sign of the transition of the territory under the control of Portugal. Padran at the Cape of Good Hope.

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English naval officer, explorer, cartographer, Fellow of the Royal Society. He led three expeditions to explore the oceans, all were around the world. He explored and mapped the east coast of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. February 14, 1779 was killed by the inhabitants of the Hawaiian Islands. After the military operation, some parts of Kuku's body were returned by the natives and buried at sea. 1st expedition - ship "Endeavour" 2nd expedition - 2 ships "Resolution" and "Adventure" 3rd expedition - 2 ships "Resolution" and "Discovery" In honor of Cook named: Strait between the islands of New Zealand. Islands in the Pacific. Mountain on the islands of New Zealand. Cooktown in Australia. Bay off the coast of Alaska. The Apollo 12 spacecraft module was named after Endeavor.