Location of seats in the airbus a330 300 aeroflot. Airbus A330: cabin layout, best seats. Brief historical background

The Boeing 777 is a long-range twin-engine airliner with a wide body. The aircraft has more than three hundred passenger seats and, depending on the modification, can fly from 9695 kilometers to 21560 kilometers. Its characteristic feature is the presence of jet engines with the largest diameter in the world. It's about 3.5 meters. Prior to the construction of the aircraft, consultations were held with eight leading air carriers. The first meeting of the group took place in January 1990. It includes such airlines as: Japan Airlines, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, Delta Airlines, All Nippon Airways, Qantas United Airlines.

Boeing 777 photo

The Boeing 777 was designed to replace the previous generation of wide-body aircraft, and also to fill the gap between the Boeing 767 and Boeing 747 models. It is one of the first aircraft from the Boeing aircraft manufacturer to be equipped with a Fly by Wire digital control system. It is also the first commercial passenger aircraft developed using computer technology. Individual components of the aircraft were developed using 3D CAD CATIA software developed by IBM and Dassault Systemes.

On October 14, 1990, United Airlines placed its first order for 34 Boeing 777s worth $11 billion. On January 4, 1993, the first "triple sevens" began to be produced. And on April 9, 1994, the first Boeing 777 was produced with serial number WA001. The first flight took place on June 12 of the same year. Test flights were carried out for the next eleven months. Nine aircraft were tested in different climatic conditions from the arid deserts at Edwards Air Force Base in California to the cold Alaska. On April 19, 1995, after passing all the tests, the Boeing 777 received a certificate of airworthiness from the Federal Flight Administration (FAA) and from the Joint Aviation Administration (JAA).

Boeing 777 interior photo

The Boeing 777 is available in two lengths. The base model 777-200, which is 63.7 meters long, entered service with United Airlines in 1995. After two years, a model with an extended flight radius was released - 777-200ER (Extended Range). For the first time this model entered service with British Airways. The second version of the Boeing 777 is the 777-300. It is 10.1 meters longer than the 777-200 model and can accommodate up to 550 passenger seats. This version has been flying since 1998.

Boeing 777 interior layout

In 2004, a version was released - 777-300ER. This version allowed longer flights than the 777-300. And in 2006, the airline downgraded the Boeing 777-200LR (Longer Range). At this time, he became a passenger liner with the longest range. This model was called "Worldliner". And since 2009, the cargo Boeing 777F (Freighter) began to fly. Models 777F, 777-300ER and 777-200LR are equipped with General Electric GE90-115B engines. Also, to reduce fuel consumption, the curved wingtips have become slightly larger. All other models are equipped with GE90, Pratt & Whitney PW4000 or Rolls-Royce Trent-800 engines. The cockpit is equipped with multifunctional Honeywell LCD screens. The wings are angled at 31.6 degrees for an optimum cruising speed of Mach 0.83. Each 777-300ER tire from the main landing gear can carry a load of almost 27 tons. There is also a modification for the Air Force. This is a KS-777 model used as an air tanker.

After 2000, the Boeing 777 became the best-selling model of the eponymous manufacturer. The most common variant purchased by airlines is the 777-200ER.

Features Boeing 777-300ER (777-200ER) :

• Length: 73.9 m (63.7 m)
• Height: 18.7 m.
• Wingspan: 64.81 m.
• Empty weight: 166881 kg. (142900 kg.)
• Cruise speed: 910 km/h
• Maximum speed: 955 km/h
• Flight range: 10200 km. (10745 km.)
• Fuselage diameter: 6.20 m.
• Ceiling: 13100 m.
• Number of passenger seats: 301-550 seats.
• Crew: 2 people

Boeing 777. Gallery.

The Boeing 777, or "Boeing Three Sevens" as it is called, is a large family of wide-body passenger liners designed for long-haul airlines. The aircraft was developed in the early 1990s, it first flew in 1994 and has been in service since 1995. It is curious that the Boeing 777 became the world's first commercial airliner, 100% developed on computers: for example, during the entire development period, not a single paper drawing was released!

Airliners of the Boeing-777 family are capable of accommodating from 305 to 550 tourists, depending on the configuration of the cabins, they have a flight range of 9.1 to 17.5 thousand km. In addition, an absolute distance record for passenger airliners was set on a Boeing 777 aircraft, namely, 21 "601 thousand km.

The Boeing 777 is the world's largest twin-engine jet airliner. The engines manufactured by General Electric GE90, installed on it, are by far the largest and most powerful jet engines in the history of aviation. A distinctive feature of these aircraft are also 6-wheel landing gear.

MODIFICATIONS OF THE BOEING-777 ===================================

The prototype Boeing 777-200 with Pratt & Whitney PW4084 engines made its first flight on June 12, 1994. In the future, liners with engines from General Electric and Rolls-Royc were tested. Commercial operation of the first Boeing 777-200 began in 1995.

In addition to the basic version, there are also options 777-200ER (characterized by an increased flight range), 777-200LR (characterized by an extra long flight range).

Boeing777-200 :

• Liner modification: Boeing 777-200
• Liner length, m: 63.73
• Liner height, m: 18.52
• Weight, kg - empty equipped liner: 135870
• Airliner weight, kg - maximum takeoff: 262470
• Liner engine type: 2 Pratt Whitney PW4084 turbofan engines
• Liner thrust, kgf: 2 x 33600
• The practical range of the liner, km: 8920-11100
• The crew of the liner, people: 2
• Payload of the liner: 305-328 tourists in a cabin of three classes, 375-400 tourists in a cabin of two classes or 440 tourists in an economy class.

Long-haul passenger airliner developed by the American company Boeing. The aircraft is a continuation of the Boeing 777-200 passenger airliner. Work on the development of the aircraft began in 1995. Airliners are equipped with General Electric turbofan engines of the GE90-110B1 type with a thrust of 49 - 895 kgf.

The avionics of this aircraft has been replaced, the fuselage, landing gear and wings have been strengthened, the fuel capacity has been increased to 195"285 liters, which allows the aircraft to carry 301 tourists in a cabin of three classes over a distance of about 8"860 nautical miles (which is equivalent to 16"405 kilometers and equivalent to 18-hour flights Singapore - New York, Atlanta - Hong Kong or Dallas - Sydney). Japan Airlines.

Flight performance Boeing777-200 X:

• Liner modification: Boeing 777-200X
• Liner length, m: 63.70
• Liner height, m: 18.58
• Liner wing area, m2: 427.80
• Liner engine type: 2 General Electric GE90-110B1 turbofan engines
• Liner thrust, kgf: 2 x 49895
• The maximum speed of the liner, km / h: 970
• Cruising speed of the liner, km/h: 915
• The practical range of the liner, km: 16405
• Practical ceiling of the liner, m: 13100
• The crew of the liner, people: 2
• The payload of the liner: 301 tourists in a cabin of three classes.

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The Boeing 777-300 is a 10.3 meter long version of the Boeing 777-200. Preliminary studies of the latest modification under the designation 777 Stretch were carried out in 1994. The aircraft program started in June 1995, and in October its layout was finally completed. In March 1997, the construction of the first experimental vessel began, in 1998 flight tests were completed and the first aircraft was delivered.

The main customers of the 777-300 aircraft today are the airlines of the countries of the Pacific region, namely, Japan Airlines and Corian Air, Katey Pacific and Malaysia Airlines, etc. The 777-300 liner in terms of its passenger capacity and flight range is exactly corresponds to the data of the Boeing 747-100 and 747-200 aircraft, however, in terms of fuel efficiency, the aircraft exceeds them by 30%.

The Boeing 777 is equipped with a digital avionics system EFIS, manufactured by the American company Honeywell, with five flat color LCD displays for displaying information about the flight, as well as a digital system for monitoring the operation of on-board systems and the power plant EICAS (three flat LCD displays ), the so-called "electronic library" with a database of all aircraft systems and equipment without exception. There is also an on-board system for diagnosing the current state of on-board systems. Moreover, the aircraft is equipped with a TCAS in-flight collision avoidance system. It should be noted that all avionics on the liner complies with the ARINC 629 standard. The aircraft has been mass-produced since 1996.

Flight performance Boeing777-300 :

• Liner modification: Boeing 777-300
• Liner wingspan, m: 60.93
• Liner length, m: 73.86
• Liner height, m: 18.52
• Liner wing area, m2: 427.80
• Weight, kg - empty equipped liner: 157200
• Airliner weight, kg - maximum takeoff: 299300
• Liner engine type: 2 Pratt Whitney PW4090 turbofan engines
• Liner thrust, kgf: 2 x 40860
• The maximum speed of the liner, km / h: 965
• Cruising speed of the liner, km/h: 905
• The practical range of the liner, km: 10550
• Practical ceiling of the liner, m: 13100
• The crew of the liner, people: 2
• The payload of the liner: 368 tourists in a cabin of three classes, 450-480 tourists in a cabin of two classes or 550 tourists in an economy class

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The Boeing 777-300X is a long-haul passenger aircraft developed by the American company Boeing. The aircraft is an improved version of the Boeing 777-300 passenger airliner. Work on the airliner began in 1995. The aircraft are equipped with powerful turbofan engines General Electric GE90-115B, thrust - 52"165 kgf.

The aircraft's avionics were replaced, the fuselage, landing gear and wings were strengthened, the fuel capacity was increased to 181"280 liters, which allows the aircraft to carry 365 tourists in a cabin of three classes, over a distance of about 7"200 nautical miles (which is approximately equivalent to 13"330 kilometers and is equivalent to 14-hour flights Paris - Los Angeles, Frankfurt - Singapore or New York - Tokyo.For the first time, these aircraft were demonstrated to the public on February 29, 2000. On March 31, 2000, the first contract was signed for the supply of five Boeing 777-300X liners Japan's largest airline, Japan Airlines.

Flight performance Boeing777-300 X:

• Liner modification: Boeing 777-300X
• Wingspan of the liner, m: 64.80
• Liner length, m: 73.90
• Liner height, m: 18.58
• Liner wing area, m2: 427.80
• Weight, kg - empty equipped liner: 206400
• Airliner weight, kg - maximum takeoff: 341105
• Liner engine type: 2 General Electric GE90-115B turbofan engines
• Liner thrust, kgf: 2 x 52165
• The maximum speed of the liner, km / h: 975
• Cruising speed of the liner, km/h: 920
• The practical range of the liner, km: 13330
• Practical ceiling of the liner, m: 13100
• The crew of the liner, people: 2
• The payload of the liner: 365 tourists in a cabin of three classes.

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The Boeing 777-300 is a passenger aircraft designed for medium and long haul airlines. The Boeing 777-300 is part of a family of wide-body, twin-engine aircraft, its length is 73.86 meters with a wingspan of 60.93 meters. In terms of passenger capacity and flight range, it corresponds to the Boeing 747-100 and 747-200 aircraft, but surpasses them in fuel efficiency by 30%, and in operating costs - by 40%, which led to the displacement of these models by the Boeing 777-300.

The interior of the Boeing 777-300 features curved lines, oversized luggage racks and indirect lighting. The layout of the cabin allows airlines to quickly move seats, kitchens and toilets depending on the desired configuration. Seat configurations range from four in a row in first class to ten in economy class. Some aircraft are equipped with VIP lounges for charter flights. The 380×250 mm portholes are the largest before the advent of the Boeing 787. The toilet has been improved - a new hydraulic toilet lid hinge has been applied, which closes slowly.

In March 1997, the construction of the first prototype aircraft began, and on May 21, 1998, flight tests were completed and the first Cathay Pacific aircraft was delivered. The main customers of the Boeing 777-300 aircraft are the airlines of the countries of the Pacific region - Japan Airlines, Korean Air, Cathay Pacific, Malaysia Airlines, Rossiya and others. 60 aircraft were sold to eight airlines. All aircraft are still in operation. However, after the launch of the long-range Boeing 777-300ER in 2004, all customers changed their order for this modification.

Location and numbering of seats in the cabin, seating diagram in the Boeing 777-300 aircraft. The best and least comfortable seats on the plane

The business class is located in the nose of the aircraft and can accommodate 30 passengers. The comfortable class is located behind the business class, the number of seats is 48, in a 2:4:2 layout. With a standard layout, about 330 people fit in the economy class cabin. Armchairs are usually arranged according to the principle: 9 seats or 10 seats in a row (3:4:3). According to tourists, the Boeing 777-300 is generally a very comfortable airliner.

The best seats on a Boeing 777-300 in a three-class layout

• 1st to 5th row Business class seats- quite comfortable. Each row has six seats in a 2:2:2 arrangement. The chairs are wide, comfortable, soft and there is a lot of space between them.
• 11-16 rows of comfort class. The distance between the seats is slightly reduced, however, the arrangement of the seats 2:4:2 is not bad. The minus of row 11 is that the partition in front of the seats is too close and there is a toilet nearby, which can interfere with your peace of mind during the flight.
• 17 row- this is the first row of the economy class, there are no neighbors in front, so the seats will not recline on you, and you can straighten your legs as you like. Only in this row side seats are arranged in pairs.
• 18 row, places C and H. There are no neighbors in front, so there is plenty of legroom. These places are located in the middle of the aircraft. Rolling during the crossing of the turbulence zone will be minimally noticeable.
• 24 row located after the emergency exits, there are no neighbors ahead, but there is a toilet nearby - for some this is a minus, for some it is a plus. When traveling with children, the nearby toilet is very convenient.
• 38 row, as well as 24 row- there is an emergency exit and a kitchen room nearby. These seats have plenty of leg room.
• 47-49 rows, places AS NK- here the side seats are arranged in pairs, these are comfortable places for flying together.

The Boeing 777-300 has seats that have both advantages and disadvantages. So, places like:

• 12 row, places C, D, G, H. All these places are side by the aisle. There will often be people going to the toilet, so they can interfere with you, since the passages themselves are not very wide.
• 20 row, window seats. Some airlines do not have a window.
• 23, 36, 50 row- these are the last places before the exits, the backs of the seats may have restrictions or not recline at all. There is a toilet at the back, so some fuss is possible, and the outer seats can be hurt by passengers passing by.

There are no bad seats on the Boeing 777. Each seat has pros and cons, but most of all have minuses:
37, 51 rows- they are located in front of the buffet and the toilet, the walls of these rooms will prevent you from reclining your backs completely. In addition, the extreme seats - D and G can be touched by the cabin crew's carts and passengers.

Rossiya is a subsidiary of Aeroflot. Rossiya Airlines has been assigning the names of cities in the Russian Federation to its aircraft since April 2016. On the nose of the fuselage under the cockpit is the name and coat of arms of the city. On the left side of the aircraft, the name of the city is written in Russian, on the right side - in English. The airline's fleet has 5 Boeing 777-300 aircraft, they have the following names and numbers: Yekaterinburg (EI-XLP), Moscow (EI-UNN), Novosibirsk (EI-UNM), Sochi (EI-UNL), Ussuriysk/Leolet (EI -UNP).

The Boeing 777-300 airliner of Rossiya Airlines has a two-class layout: 18 business class seats, 355 economy class seats.

Economy class:

The economy class is divided into three easy-to-decorate lounges: from 21st to 35th, from 36th to 48th, from 49th to 61st rows. The seats are standard and quite comfortable. The backs of all seats are equipped with 8.9-inch video monitors. Aisles and row spacing are narrow.

• Between 48 and 49 side by side and before 21 side by side economy class there are toilets for passengers with disabilities.
• For a flight with babies, it is better to choose seats AB DEF HK 5 rows, ABC DEF GHK 21 rows, DEF 36 rows or ABC GHK 50 rows, as they are equipped with attachments for baby cradles.
• Seats 21, 36, 49 rows located behind emergency exits, resulting in these seats with increased legroom. If you are not confused by the proximity to the toilets, then these are good places.
• 35, 48, 61 rows less comfortable due to limited backrest adjustment. But places BA and KH double, not triple. For those traveling as a couple, this is a kind of convenience.

Cabin layout, the best and least comfortable seats on the airline's Boeing 777-300 aircraft Thailand Airways

Thai Airways has a fleet of six Boeing 777-300s. For flights to Russia, a two-class configuration is used, accommodating 34 seats in business class and 330 in economy class.

Business Class:

• Business class occupies five rows and starts from 11 to 16 rows. Armchairs are conveniently laid out, their width is 51 cm, the distance between rows is 155 cm. This class has the most varied menu and high-quality service.
• 11 row located just behind the partition, there are attachments for baby cradles, so for flights with babies - this is the best option. For the rest of the passengers occupying these seats, the partition in front of the eyes, which limits the view during a long flight, will tire, especially in the middle row, where there are no windows.
• Seats in row 16 have their own characteristics. Firstly, there is no porthole near the extreme seat on the port side of 16A. Secondly, the seats are located immediately in front of two sections of the galley, so these are quite noisy places, besides, the kitchen light is on at night.

• Seats AB 31st and DEF HJK 32nd row equipped with mounts for baby cots, so when flying with small children, these are the most convenient places. Also from the pluses it can be noted that in these places the distance between the chairs and the partition is enough to stretch your legs. These seats are not very comfortable in terms of: additional noise from children, sounds coming from the kitchen and toilet, a partition in front of the eyes that accompanies the entire flight, and one armrest is fixed due to the folding table built into it.
• Before seat 32C there is no chair - this is additional space for the knees and legs and a guarantee that no one will recline the back of their chair on you. This is very handy for long flights.
• Seats in rows 43 and 44 are the worst places: the backs of the chairs rest against the wall of the toilet, due to which there may be a restriction in reclining. It is very inconvenient to spend the entire flight in a vertical position. In addition, proximity to the toilets can cause some discomfort (fuss, queues, sounds of the cistern being lowered).
• 46 row- this is almost a complete copy 31-32 rows. The only difference is that there is no on-board galley, only numerous restrooms and an emergency exit block.
• 47 row. Seats A and K located in front of emergency exits - you will have additional legroom, however, due to the door protruding slightly into the cabin, you will not be able to fully extend your legs. A slight inconvenience can be caused by the proximity to the toilets due to the extra fuss. Seats B, C and H, J have extra legroom, seat backs recline. Of the minuses - the proximity to the restrooms. DF places have attachment for baby cradles.
• Seats C and Hin 56 and 70 rows protrude noticeably into the aisle. Passengers in these seats may be hit by other passengers or flight attendants with carts.
• 58 row located near the galley. This neighborhood can be inconvenient.
• 57 and 59 row- seats are located that may have a limitation in reclining the back of the chair. They are marked in yellow on the diagram.
• In the 60th row there are four chairs in total - two on each side of the board. Benefit from extra legroom for seats B and J, and disadvantages in the form of space restrictions on the side of the hatch in the field A and K. In addition, close proximity to the kitchen can interfere with rest.
• In 61 row the distance between the seats is several centimeters less than in other rows of the aircraft. This must be taken into account by tall people.
• Seats in row 62 D, E, F completely repeat the location 32 rows: cradles, wall and proximity to the kitchen.
• And here mYesta 62 C and H considered comfortable. There is no chair in front of them, there is a good view and there are no toilets nearby.
• 72 row- uncomfortable. The backs of the seats either have a limitation in reclining or are completely fixed. Behind the wall are latrines and technical rooms, so here, in addition to smells and sounds, queues of visitors are quite expected.

Flight performance

Maximum speed: 965 km/h
Cruise speed: 905 km/h
Flight range: 10550 km
Liner capacity: economy class - 550 passengers, economy / business - 480 passengers, economy / business / first class - 368 passengers

Boeing 777 (Boeing triple seven) - a family of wide-body long-haul twin-engine airliners developed by Boeing in the early 1990s. The Boeing 777 is the largest model in the class of twin-engine airliners. Aircraft of this model are often called Triple Seven - Three Sevens. Being the best-selling wide-body airliner, the Boeing 777 is being actively upgraded. By 2020, it is planned to release the new generation 777X airliner, which, after the 747 is discontinued, will become the flagship in the Boeing aircraft line.

Story

In the early 1970s, the first generation of large, wide-body Boeing 747, McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 TriStar airliners were created. At the end of the decade, Boeing launched work on the creation of two next-generation aircraft at once: the narrow-body Boeing 757, which was supposed to replace the aging Boeing 727, and the wide-body twin-engine Boeing 767, which competed with the European Airbus A300. Both of these aircraft were smaller than the McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed liners. To compete with the flagships of its two main counterparts, Boeing planned to create a three-engine model 777. However, limited financial opportunities and the great success of the 757 and 767 models forced the company to devote all resources to their further development. Project 777 was closed in the early 1980s.

However, by the end of the 1980s, the market for wide-body aircraft began to grow rapidly. In addition, old models quickly became obsolete and all manufacturers began active work on creating their replacements. McDonnell Douglas was developing the MD-11, Airbus was developing the successors of its first aircraft - the promising A330 and A340, and Boeing launched work on the 767-X project. The project was not just a modernization of an already existing liner.

The Boeing 767 was the most aerodynamically advanced aircraft in its class, however, this was achieved at the expense of the narrowest fuselage in the class. A further increase in the capacity of this aircraft required not just a lengthening of the fuselage, but an increase in its diameter. In addition, the enlarged and heavier liner needed a new wing. The initial plans for a slight increase in the size of the aircraft did not satisfy the customers - the airlines wanted a much more spacious and comfortable liner. It became obvious that the 767th was not suitable as a base. In 1988, Boeing began research to create an entirely new airliner. In 1989, the firm began working with airlines to determine the right look for the future Boeing 777.

The development process of the new aircraft was different from similar work of the company before. Now, Boeing paid much more attention to the needs of the market, trying to create the most optimal configuration. To determine the appearance, a commission was formed from representatives of eight airlines: American Airlines, Delta Airlines, United Airlines, British Airways, Qantas, All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines and Cathay Pacific. Such a strong involvement of airlines in the development was new to the industry, which, at times, even caused skepticism and statements about outside interference in the “inner kitchen”. In 1990, the commission began its work and soon presented its requirements: a fuselage width close to the model 747, a capacity of about 325 passengers, easily modified cabins, a glass cockpit, an electric remote control system, as well as a minimum 10% reduction in operating costs per passenger. passenger seat compared to A330 and MD-11.

After agreeing on the list of requirements, in the same 1990, United Airlines became the launch customer of the future airliner, placing an order for 34 aircraft with an option for another 34. The airline planned to quickly replace the fleet of obsolete DC-10s.

The work of the commission of airlines was not limited to the development of the list of requirements. Hundreds of representatives of the G8 airlines participated in the process of development and pre-production, who constantly refined the requirements (the total number of requests reached 1500). The fuselage was further extended to meet Cathay Pacific requirements, the ANA made it longer, and British Airways made many interior configuration requirements.

The Boeing 777 was the first commercial aircraft to be developed entirely on a computer. All work was digitized using the CATIA computer-aided design system created by Dassault Systems. This allowed the designers to practically create a completely virtual airliner without resorting to expensive prototyping processes (which greatly reduced the cost of development, especially given the constant clarifications from airline representatives).

In preparation for the production of the liner, Boeing used the already existing contacts with manufacturers, developed during the creation of the Boeing 767. However, this time the scale of international cooperation has reached a completely new level. The main suppliers were Japanese industrial giants: Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Fuji Heavy Industries. In addition to them, the British Hawker de Havilland and the Australian ATA (Aerospace Technologies of Australia) began to produce aircraft elements. Engines for the liner began to be developed by industry leaders: Pratt & Whitney, General Electric and Rolls-Royce. Their task was impressive - the creation of the most powerful engines in the world, the thrust of which was to reach 35 tf.

The production site of the new aircraft was the plant in Everett, where the 747 and 767 models were already produced. Despite the fact that the Boeing 747 remained the largest aircraft in the world, the new model was not much inferior to it. The company spent about $1.5 billion. to build an assembly line and almost doubled the size of the plant. The assembly of the first aircraft began in 1993. The total cost of the program reached $6 billion, of which $4 billion was financed by Boeing and $2 billion was invested by partners.

On April 9, 1994, the first Boeing 777 prototype passed the roll-out ceremony. It was almost a festival dedicated to the new aircraft, which was attended by almost 100,000 guests. The first flight was made on June 12, 1994. It was the start of an almost year-long certification testing process, the most intense in the company's history. 9 airliners, equipped with engines from three manufacturers, participated in the tests at once. ETOPS certification was carried out immediately - for this, 8 three-hour flights were made with one engine turned off. In 1995, the aircraft was certified by the American FAA and the Japanese JAA.

Commissioning and creation of modifications

The first Boeing 777-200 was handed over to United Airlines in May 1995. This model was basic. The Boeing 777-200 carried 305 passengers in a 3-class layout (maximum 440) and flew 9700 km. The first commercial flight was the London-Washington flight. In the winter of the same year, British Airways received its first aircraft, and a few months later, the liners began flying under the flags of Thai Airways International. By 1998, the 777 fleet had over 900,000 flight hours and an average operational reliability of 99%.

The potential success of the new aircraft was obvious, and Boeing immediately set about creating a modification with an increased takeoff weight. The 777-200ER first flew in October 1996. The aircraft became heavier by almost 50 tons (297.5 versus 247.2 for 777-200) and most of this mass was spent on fuel - having similar capacity indicators (301/440), the aircraft increased its flight range to 13080 km. Being a very efficient long-range aircraft, the aircraft was very popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Interestingly, during the demonstration flight, the liner of this Malaysia Airlines model, nicknamed the Super Ranger, spent 21 hours and 23 minutes in the air and flew 20,044 km.

But distance records were not the only success factor. Following the creation of the 200ER, Boeing moved on to a more spacious model with a stretched fuselage. This is how the Boeing 777-300 appeared. At the time of its creation in 1997, this 73.9 meter long liner became the longest in the class (A340-600 was not yet available). The capacity of the liner reached 368 passengers in a 3-class layout with a maximum of 550. The range was not a record, but still reached 11165 km. The aircraft entered service in 1998.

The range growth did not end with the -200ER modification. Even at the development stage, Boeing explored the possibilities of creating ultra-long-range airliners. It was supposed to create an aircraft with a shortened fuselage and increased fuel capacity (similar to the 747SP model). However, this version could accommodate fewer passengers and became uncompetitive, and the project was frozen.

Only in 1997, the company announced modifications 777-200X and -300X. The aircraft needed new, more powerful engines, the thrust of which was to reach 45 tf. General Electric and Rolls-Royce took over the new engine. General Electric achieved success in this matter with their forced versions of the GE90 engines, the thrust of which exceeded even what the company from Seattle originally wanted, and reached 52 tf - this is the thrust of two engines of the early Boeing 747. The dimensions of the engines also turned out to be record-breaking - the diameter of the fan is 3 .1 meters is almost the width of the Boeing 737 fuselage (3.8 meters).

Officially, the program was launched in 2000 and it was called 777-X. The time for the project turned out to be unsuccessful - after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the contraction of the air travel market, work on the project also slowed down.

The first aircraft of the new generation was the Boeing 777-300ER, which took off in 2003. Air France became the launch operator. The 300ER was built fairly quickly and was, in fact, a -300 with the introduction of the -200ER's solutions. The cabin and capacity of the aircraft have not changed (365/550), and the takeoff weight has increased by almost 52 tons (351.5 versus 299.4 for 777-300). The range at the same time reached a new record of 13650 km. With such indicators, the aircraft became a bestseller and an excellent replacement for obsolete 4-engine aircraft - with a close capacity, it was much cheaper for airlines.

The next new-generation airliner was the Boeing 777-200LR, which passed the roll-out ceremony in 2005. The plane could accommodate the same number of people as the other -200s (301/440), but already flew 15840 km. At the end of 2005, the aircraft broke the record of its older brother, flying from Hong Kong to London for a distance of 21,602 kilometers in 22 hours and 42 minutes.

On this, for a while, Boeing calmed down. The final milestone in the creation of that generation was the appearance in 2008 of the cargo version of the 777F. This aircraft has the design and engines of the latest 777-200LR, with a large cargo area almost the entire length of the fuselage. Its flight range is the most modest - 9200 km, but the aircraft is capable of carrying up to 102 tons of cargo.

Description: Boeing 777 is the best airliner of the 20th century. History and description

Design

The Boeing 777 is a wide-body, twin-engine airliner. Being a classic model in the class, the liner is its largest representative.

The wing of a moderately swept liner is designed for a flight speed of about 900 km / h. To achieve maximum lift and capacity, the wing received an increased thickness and span. Thanks to these solutions, the aircraft has a standard flight altitude of 13 km, and the fuel system can hold up to 145 tons of fuel.

Unlike other airliners of the company, the Boeing 777 never had standard large winglets. Instead, horizontal endings with an increased sweep angle are used. Boeing calculates that for large airliners, such designs, now known as ridge endings, are more effective. The most advanced versions of these endings are currently installed on Boeing 787 Dreamliners.

In the design of the wing and the entire airframe, composite materials were used quite widely for their time, the share of which reached 9% (not counting models 777-8 and 777-9).

The aircraft is equipped with a tricycle landing gear with a swivel front strut. The main landing gear legs of the Boeing 777 are considered the most powerful among commercial airliners. Each rack is equipped with six wheels (each capable of withstanding a mass of up to 27 tons). This makes it possible to effectively support an aircraft on a three-post support, the mass of which is comparable to the mass of the Boeing 747 of early modifications.

The Boeing 777 was the first airliner of the company to be equipped with a full-fledged fly-by-wire system. The cockpit is equipped with the usual Boeing control system, including redundant LCD displays and classic steering wheels. Avionics data communication systems make extensive use of fiber optic networks throughout the aircraft.

The passenger cabin has the largest width in the class, reaching 5.84 meters (albeit inferior to the width of the Boeing 747 cabins of 6.08 m and A380 6.5 m). The standard configuration includes 6 seats in a row in business class (2+2+2) and 10 seats in a row in economy class (3+4+3). One can note the influence of British Airways with its concept of "flexible cabin" - the interiors have a large number of modular elements, which greatly expands the possibilities of customization.

Also, the Boeing 777, being an aircraft for long-distance and long flights, is equipped with special recreation areas for crew members. These rooms are located in the upper part of the fuselage above the passenger compartment.

In 2011, Boeing launched work to modernize the cabin of the liner, using the experience of the Boeing 787 cabin.

Special modifications

KC-777 is a modification of the strategic air tanker. Created as an enlarged addition to the KC-767 tankers, capable of carrying a large load.

The 777 VIP is a version of the Boeing Business Jet family supplied to corporate customers. Aircraft are manufactured on the basis of -200LR and -300ER models. The interiors of these liners are manufactured mainly by third-party contractors.

Government modifications based on the Boeing 777 are used to transport the top leadership of Japan, the UAE and other countries. Previously, it was assumed that the -300ER or 777-9 versions of the liners could become the aircraft of the US President (sides No. 1), but the choice of the US Air Force fell on the four-engine Boeing 747-8.

Production

By 2000, the Boeing 777 had become Boeing's most profitable wide-body product. The appearance of the second generation of liners further increased demand: in 2007, the order book exceeded 350 units - the production line was loaded until 2012, and the amount of contracts almost reached $ 100 billion at the then catalog prices.

Boeing decided to increase the production rate to 8 aircraft per month in 2013. The process of complete assembly of one liner 777-300ER took 49 days. In 2012, Emirates received another -300ER and it was the 1,000th 777 aircraft. The total volume of orders for the second generation aircraft is expected to be fulfilled until 2020, when the production of the third generation aircraft, which is now being developed under the 777X program, will begin.

Boeing 777 X

The Boeing 777X is the new generation of the 777 family aircraft. Installing the latest engines, upgrading systems and applying advanced technologies developed on the 787 model suggests a significant increase in the efficiency of new aircraft.

The history of the new generation began in 2010-11 when Airbus was developing the latest A350. Despite the fact that the A350 is often put as a competitor to the Boeing 787, it is nevertheless larger and occupies a niche of older versions of the 787 and, to a greater extent, of the current generation 777 liners.

To ensure competition for the new European aircraft, a program of deep modernization of the aircraft was initiated, with their introduction to the market in 2019-2020.

As a power plant, various options were offered from industry leaders. Rolls-Royce offered an upgraded version of the Trent 1000 engine. Pratt & Whitney introduced the concept of the older version of the PW1000G. General Electric introduced the GE9X engine. In March 2013, Boeing selected the GE9X as the exclusive engine for its 777X aircraft.

Despite the indignation of a number of operators with the loss of the possibility of an optional choice of engines, such a solution is considered more optimal. Adaptation of aircraft for different power plants significantly increases the cost of development and production, which is often not justified by the possibility of choosing between engines that are almost identical in performance.

The project was initiated in 2012. However, due to the increase in costs associated with the creation of the Boeing 737MAX and Boeing 787-10 liners, the creation of the 777 aircraft was slightly slowed down. However, the aircraft is scheduled to enter the market in 2019.

During the air show in Dubai in 2013, the creation of two aircraft was officially announced: the younger model 8X and the older 9X. The launch customer was Lufthansa, which placed an order for 34 Boeing 777-9X aircraft. These liners, together with the ordered A350-900, will soon have to replace the aging fleet of 747-400 and A340 models. Emirates followed with 150 aircraft, Qatar Airways (50) and Etihad Airways (25). In 2015, the liners received official designations 777-8 and 777-9. "X" remained only in the name of the 777X program.

Production

Especially for the 777X in 2014, Boeing built a new plant for the production of composites in St. Louis. Aircraft composite elements will be produced there. Final assembly is done on production line 777 in Everett.

Design

The Boeing 777X will receive a completely new wing with an increased span. To ensure the possibility of placing the aircraft in the conditions of the existing infrastructure (span up to 65 m), the wing will be equipped with folding ridge tips 3.5 meters long each. It takes about 20 seconds to fold and unfold the ends.

The passenger cabin of the liner will be expanded by about 12 cm (from 5.84 to 5.96 meters). This is planned to be achieved through the use of new finishing materials, which make the interior walls thinner. A significant part of the cabin elements will be inherited from the Boeing 787 cabins, including larger windows, more efficient luggage racks, optimal pressure and humidity.

GE9X engines offer a 10% reduction in fuel consumption. The new, composite wing will improve the overall performance of the liner by 7%. At the same time, 4-5% of this efficiency will be lost due to the fact that the liners will be larger and heavier. According to general calculations, it is assumed that the new liners will be, on average, 12-13% more efficient than their predecessors.

Modifications

The Boeing 777X project involves the creation of two airliners: models 777-8 and 777-9.

Boeing 777-8 is a shortened version of the new generation. With a length of 70 meters, it is average between the old models -200 (63.7 m) and -300 (73.9). In a two-class layout, the aircraft will accommodate 350-375 passengers and fly at a distance of up to 16,110 km. The aircraft is supposed to be a direct competitor to the European Airbus A350-1000 and, according to Boeing's calculations, should be 4% more efficient.

Boeing 777-9 will be extended to 77 meters model (and will be the longest of all Boeings). This will be the basic version of the liner, which will be assembled and presented first in 2019. In a two-class cabin layout, the liner will accommodate 400-425 passengers. The flight range will be somewhat reduced and will reach 14075 km.

The maximum takeoff weight of both aircraft will be similar and will amount to 351 tons.

Boeing 777-10. After the retirement of Boeing 747 liners, the new Boeing 777 will become the flagship of the company's line. At the same time, to ensure competition with the flagship Airbus A380, Boeing allows the creation of an extended version of the 777-10 in the future. It is assumed that the liner will have a length of about 80 meters and accommodate up to 450 passengers in a 2-class layout. However, the 777-10 has yet to be officially announced.

Orders

As of the end of 2017, Boeing has a portfolio of orders for 53 777-8s and 273 777-9s from 8 operators. The catalog cost of the liners will be between $380 million for the -8 model and $410 million for the -9 model.

Exploitation

Since the beginning of the project and in 2017, Boeing has produced 1518 model 777 aircraft. 1387 liners of different versions are in operation. The top three operators include Emirates (161), United Airlines (88), Cathay Pacific (70).

The catalog price of the 777-200LR model is $314 million, the cargo version costs $319 million, and the most expensive variant at the moment -300ER will cost $340 million. .

Accidents and incidents

In 2017, the Boeing 777 was involved in 19 aviation accidents, including 6 serious incidents that resulted in the death of 541 people.

The first such incident was a fire in 2001 while refueling at the Denver airport. Then an airport worker died. The liner received minor damage to the wing and engine, but was repaired and returned to service.

The first accident that resulted in the destruction of an aircraft was a hard landing of a British Airways airliner at Heathrow Airport in 2008. Due to icing of the fuel system elements, the engines failed during landing. As a result, the aircraft landed 270 meters from the runway, which led to the destruction of the landing gear, part of the wing and engines. 47 people were injured, but no one died.

In 2013, there was an incident with an Asiana Airlines jet at the San Francisco airport. During landing, the aircraft touched the embankment in front of the runway, hit the runway and collapsed. Three of the 307 passengers died.

In 2014, a Malaysia Airlines flight with 227 passengers and 12 crew members disappeared while on a Kuala Lumpur-Beijing flight. The plane or its remains have never been found. It is assumed that the liner was hijacked, deviated from the course and crashed somewhere in the Indian Ocean.

Another disaster in 2014 was the death of a Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur. While flying in the airspace over the east of Ukraine, the plane was shot down. 298 people died.

The sixth major incident involving the 777 was the hard landing of an Emirates airliner at Dubai Airport. In conditions of a strong crosswind, the plane almost landed, but due to the high speed, the crew decided to go around. However, the aircraft failed to gain altitude, hit the runway with its tail section and engine, lost control and crashed onto the runway. The crew and passengers were evacuated, however, while extinguishing the fire, an explosion occurred, which resulted in the death of one firefighter.

Air travel has long become an everyday event for passengers, they arrive at the airport at the appointed time, go through control, wait for boarding, and get on board. Most of us do not even think about how much knowledge and achievements it took for the developers to lift such a machine into the air, ensure the safety of those on board, and make their journey comfortable.

Features of the aircraft of this class

Depending on the airline, flight distance and passenger traffic, you may be on board a small or large aircraft. You should not focus only on size, talking about comfort and trust in the carrier, because even small models compared to their "colleagues" can be durable and hardy. In Russia, Boeing 777 300 is increasingly used to transport passengers. This is a twin-engine aircraft, so it cannot be the largest and most powerful in the world. However, the Boeing 777 300 manufacturers have found their niche for it - it is the largest aircraft in its class. The use of technical capabilities to the maximum attracted airlines, and since 1998 this aircraft entered service for the first time. The positive dynamics of behavior in the airspace and the minimum percentage of breakdowns according to statistics made the Boeing 777 300 one of the most proven.

Aircraft design data

The general layout of the Boeing 777 300 naturally depends on the design features. This model has an elongated fuselage, which allows it to develop high speed,
better to cope with the flow of oncoming air.

In addition, it increased the overall capacity of the aircraft. The maximum takeoff weight is from 263,080 to 299,370 kg, with a weight excluding passengers and cargo of 155,500 - 158,480 kg.

Of course, Boeing 777 300 passengers do not see all this. The layout of the cabin for them is limited to the passenger compartment. The width of the cabin is 5.87 m. This is enough for the comfort of passengers and the convenience of flight attendants who serve food and drinks.

Counting passengers on board

The number of seats on the aircraft may vary. This is due to the fact that the interior decoration depends on the class for which the board is designed. If this is an economy class aircraft, the seats are located at the same distance throughout the aircraft, saving space allows you to make their number maximum - 550 seats. There are separate flights that are popular with economy class passengers, and models of this issue can be selected for them. The combination of basic and business class demonstrates the company's marketing move, because the total number of people will be 479, but some of them will pay almost twice as much for a ticket. There are models with greater variability, for example, a combination of economy, business and first class. There will be 368 seats. It is worth considering that this Boeing model has an improved version - ER. Here there will be fewer seats in the last of the presented methods of filling the cabin, namely 365. This is not the general layout of the "Boeing 777 300". Transaero converted the aircraft to suit its needs, and other domestic and foreign companies did the same. If the manufacturer offered 3 types of passenger service programs, then there are 4 of them: imperial, business, economy, tourist. In this regard, the total number of seats is 373.

Salon design

The interior of the aircraft is made with the inclusion of curved smooth lines. They make the interior look more modern. They also allow you to increase the volume of luggage compartments above the seats and hide the lighting in the folds of the ceiling, making it indirect.

There are toilets and kitchens on board, which are easily moved if the company wants to refit the aircraft. The armchairs of the cabin are arranged in three, forming three columns, in each of the rows of which there are 9 seats. This is convenient, since you can approach the passenger from two sides. For those who like to sit by the window, there are many accommodation options, you just need to have time to register for the desired place. Judging by convenience, it is more logical to choose one of the outermost seats in the middle row, because it will not be blocked by other passengers, and you will not have to lift people to get out on your own. Traditionally, the total number of toilets on board is 7, passengers visit one or the other, focusing on the ticket class and proximity.

Secrets of choosing a good seat on an airplane

For those who are preparing to fly on a Boeing 777 300, the cabin layout, the best seats will be of most interest. Consider one of the modifications of the cabin, which is most often used in the CIS.

The Imperial compartment is located in close proximity to the access hatch and behind the cockpit. This zone is considered the most comfortable in terms of pressure, besides, passengers are served here in the first place. This class is expensive, so only 4 seats are provided for it, one at the windows and two in the center of the cabin. Here for each passenger there is more space, which allows you to lie down, making a long flight. The armchair folds out 180 degrees, besides, it is equipped with a 23-inch monitor.

After some bounding space comes the Business sector. Here, there are 2 places at the windows, and 3 in the center, 2 rows are provided. In total, 14 passengers can be accommodated here. The level of comfort is also high, the chair takes on an almost horizontal position, there is enough space for everyone.

Of course, both of the described classes are the best, but, alas, not cheap places.

Budget accommodation

Economy class is the most popular type of travel. What do you need to know about places? There are 133 of them, each with a small monitor and a limited amount of space. As always, the first and last rows are controversial in terms of comfort. Row number 10 will rest against the wall of the toilet. Fasteners for baby carriages are installed here, and the tables are mounted and not removed.

However, the inconvenience is offset by a large amount of legroom, which will be relevant for tall passengers. Row number 26 is also located near the wall. The seats here do not recline, and if you fly for more than 3 hours, it can become unbearable. The toilet door will constantly slam, and suffering will crowd around you, so avoid these places when checking in for a flight.

Tourist class includes 222 seats. No. 27 and 40 act here as the "first" rows, and 39 and 52 as the "last" rows. These are uncomfortable places. If you have no choice and have to choose a seat in these rows, prefer seats A or K, they are by the window and will save you at least a fraction