The tallest buildings in the ancient world. The most amazing ancient stone buildings

We fly into space, race to build skyscrapers, clone living organisms and do a lot of things that until recently seemed impossible. And at the same time, they are still unable to unravel the mysteries of the builders and thinkers who lived millennia ago. An ancient cobblestone weighing a hundred tons surprises us more than a computer the size of half a palm.

Goseck Circle, Germany, Goseck

A ring system of concentric ditches and wooden fences was created between 5000 and 4800 BC. Now the complex is reconstructed. Presumably, it was used as a solar calendar.

Statues of "reptilians", French Polynesia, Nuku Hiva island

Statues in a place called Temehea-Tohua in the Marquesas Islands depict strange creatures, the appearance of which in the mass consciousness is associated with aliens. They are different: there are large large-mouthed "reptilians", and there are others: with small bodies and disproportionately large elongated helmet-heads with huge eyes. They have one thing in common - an evil expression on their faces. Whether they were aliens from other worlds or just masked priests is unknown. The statues date from around the beginning of the 2nd millennium.

Stonehenge, UK, Salisbury

Altar, observatory, tomb, calendar? Scientists have not come to a consensus. Five thousand years ago, a ring ditch and ramparts around it with a diameter of 115 m appeared. A few centuries later, ancient builders brought here 80 four-ton stones, and a couple of centuries later - 30 megaliths weighing 25 tons. The stones were set in a circle and in the form of a horseshoe. The form in which Stonehenge has survived to this day is largely the result of human activity in recent centuries. People continued to work on the stones: the peasants chipped off pieces of amulets from them, the tourists marked the territory with inscriptions, and the restorers figured out for the ancients how they had it right.

Pyramid of Kukulkan, Mexico, Chichen Itza

Every year, on the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes, thousands of tourists gather at the foot of the sanctuary of the supreme Mayan deity - the Feathered Serpent. They observe the miracle of the "appearance" of Kukulkan: the Serpent moves down along the balustrade of the main staircase. The illusion is created by the play of triangular shadows cast by the nine platforms of the pyramid at the moment when the setting sun illuminates its northwestern corner for 10 minutes. If the sanctuary had been displaced even by a degree, none of this would have happened.

Karnak stones, France, Brittany, Karnak

In total, about 4,000 megaliths up to four meters high are arranged in slender alleys near the city of Karnak. The rows run parallel to each other or diverge like a fan, in some places they form circles. The complex dates back to the 5th-4th millennium BC. There were legends in Brittany that it was the wizard Merlin who made the ranks of Roman legionnaires turn to stone.

Stone balls, Costa Rica

Pre-Columbian artifacts scattered off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica were discovered in the 1930s by banana plantation workers. Hoping to find gold inside, the vandals destroyed many balls. Now most of the rest are kept in museums. The diameter of some stones reaches 2.5 meters, weight - 15 tons. Their purpose is unknown.

Georgia Guidestones, USA, Georgia, Elbert

In 1979, someone under the pseudonym R.C. Christian ordered a construction company to manufacture and install a monument - a structure of six granite monoliths with a total weight of more than 100 tons. On the four side plates are engraved ten commandments to descendants in eight languages, including Russian. The last paragraph reads: "Do not be a cancer for the Earth, leave a place for nature too!"

Nuraghi Sardinia, Italy, Sardinia

Semi-conical structures resembling huge beehives (up to 20 m high) appeared in Sardinia at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, before the arrival of the Romans. The towers were built without a foundation, from stone blocks superimposed on each other, not fastened with any mortar and held only by their own weight. The purpose of the nuraghe is unclear. It is characteristic that archaeologists have repeatedly discovered miniature models of these towers made of bronze during excavations.

Saxahuaman, Peru, Cusco

The archaeological park at an altitude of 3700 meters and an area of ​​3000 hectares is located north of the capital of the Inca Empire. The defensive and at the same time temple complex was built at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries. Zigzag crenellated walls, reaching 400 meters in length and six in height, are made of multi-ton stone blocks, including 200-ton ones. How the Incas installed these blocks, how they adjusted them one under the other, is unknown. From above, Saxahuaman looks like the toothy head of the puma Cuzco (the city was founded in the form of a sacred animal of the Incas).

Arkaim, Russia, Chelyabinsk region

The settlement of the Bronze Age (III-II millennium BC) is located on the same latitude as Stonehenge. Coincidence? Scientists don't know. Two rows of circular walls (the diameter of the far one is 170 m), a drainage system and a sewerage system, a well in every house are evidence of a highly developed culture. The monument was discovered by students and schoolchildren from an archaeological expedition in 1987. (In the photo - a model-reconstruction.)

Newgrange, Ireland, Dublin

The Celts called it Fairy Mound and considered it the home of one of their chief gods. A round structure made of stone, earth and rubble with a diameter of 85 meters was erected more than 5000 years ago. A corridor leads inside the mound, ending with a ritual chamber. On the days of the winter solstice, this chamber is brightly illuminated for 15–20 minutes by a ray of sun that enters the window above the tunnel entrance.

Coral Castle, USA, Florida, Homestead

The whimsical structure was single-handedly built in 28 years (1923-1951) by the Latvian immigrant Edward Lindskalnin in honor of lost love. How a man of modest height and build moved huge blocks in space remains a mystery.

Yonaguni pyramids, Japan, Ryukyu archipelago

Monuments of huge stone platforms and pillars located under water at a depth of 5 to 40 meters were discovered in 1986. The main of these structures has the form of a pyramid. Not far from it is a large platform with steps, similar to a stadium with spectator stands. One of the objects resembles a huge head, like the moai statues on Easter Island. There is a debate in the scientific community: many believe that the formations lying on the bottom of the ocean are of exclusively natural origin. But loners like Masaaki Kimura, a professor at Ryukyu University who has repeatedly dived to the ruins, insist that a person was involved.

Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, Masvingo

One of the largest and oldest stone structures in South Africa has been built since the 11th century, and in the 15th century it was abandoned for some unknown reason. All structures (up to 11 meters in height and 250 in length) were built using the dry masonry method. Presumably, up to 18,000 people lived in the settlement.

Delhi Column, India, New Delhi

An iron column over 7 meters high and weighing over 6 tons is part of the Qutb Minar architectural complex. It was cast in honor of King Chandragupta II in 415. For unclear reasons, the column, which is almost 100% iron, is virtually indestructible. Scientists are trying to explain this fact for various reasons: the special skill and technology of ancient Indian blacksmiths, dry air and specific climatic conditions in the Delhi region, the formation of a protective shell - in particular, as a result of the fact that the Hindus anointed the sacred monument with oils and incense. Ufologists, as usual, see in the column another proof of the intervention of extraterrestrial intelligence. But the secret of "stainless steel" has not yet been unraveled.

Nazca Lines, Peru, Nazca Plateau

A 47-meter spider, a 93-meter hummingbird, a 134-meter eagle, a lizard, an alligator, a snake, other zoomorphic and humanoid creatures ... Giant images from a bird's eye view seem to be scratched on a rock devoid of vegetation, as if with one hand, in the same style . In fact, these are furrows up to 50 cm deep and up to 135 cm wide, made at different times in the 5th-7th centuries.

Nabta Observatory, Nubia, Sahara

In the sands next to a dried-up lake is the oldest archaeoastronomical monument on the planet, 1000 years older than Stonehenge. The location of the megaliths allows you to determine the day of the summer solstice. Archaeologists believe that people lived here seasonally, when there was water in the lake, so they needed a calendar.

Antikythera mechanism, Greece, Antikythera

A mechanical device with dials, hands and gears at the beginning of the 20th century was found on a sunken ship sailing from Rhodes (100 BC). After lengthy research and reconstruction, scientists found that the device served astronomical purposes - it made it possible to monitor the movement of celestial bodies and make very complex calculations.

Baalbek Plates, Lebanon

The Roman temple complex dates back to the 1st-2nd century AD. But the Romans did not build sanctuaries in an empty place. At the base of the temple of Jupiter lie more ancient slabs weighing 300 tons. The western retaining wall is made up of a series of "trilithons" - three limestone blocks, each more than 19 m long, 4 m high and weighing about 800 tons. Roman technology was not able to lift such a weight. By the way, not far from the complex for more than one thousand years there is another block - under 1000 tons.

Göbekli Tepe, Turkey

The complex on the Armenian Highlands is considered the oldest of the largest megalithic structures (approximately X-IX millennium BC). At that time, people were still engaged in hunting and gathering, but someone was able to erect circles from huge steles with images of animals.

It is not for nothing that ancient buildings are called portraits of the civilizations that built them. Moreover, these portraits conceal the mysteries of entire cultures. After all, these structures stood for thousands of years after their builders disappeared from the face of the earth. It has strange burials to cities unknown until recently - all these architectural artifacts sometimes reveal ancient secrets, and sometimes even more confuse scientists.

1 Teotihuacan Tunnels

Mexico
In 2017, a restoration project was launched to renovate one of Mexico's most famous sites, the pre-Aztec city of Teotihuacan. While working on the central square, archaeologists used a non-invasive technique to view underground voids. Scanning with electrical impedance tomography showed the unexpected - under the area there was a tunnel leading to a neighboring pyramid. Scientists are still wondering why the Pyramid of the Moon, which is a colossal feat of ancient architecture, could be connected to something else by an underground tunnel.

So far, it is impossible to explore it, and one of the reasons is the depth at which the tunnel passes - 10 meters. Curiously, this tunnel is very similar to another, previously discovered in one of the temples of Teotihuacan. Given that they were built by people who lived 2,000 years ago, it is difficult to say today whether the tunnels served a practical or mystical purpose.

2. Tungundzhi barrows

Australia
For more than 60 kilometers along the western Cape York, the coastal zone of Australia, you can see a number of large barrows. Researchers have been discussing the specifics of this phenomenon for years. They apparently did not take the local Aboriginal community seriously (the Tungunji people claimed that their ancestors were buried in mounds). Not surprisingly, a number of strange theories have emerged. For example, some have suggested that these 250 mounds were created by ... birds.

In 2018, when the barrows were scanned by radar, it turned out that the locals and archaeologists who thought the barrows were artificial were right. Eleven sand structures were scanned, and many of them still contained human remains. The juxtaposition of the interior also showed how burial procedures changed over time. But even at different times, different things were placed in all the tombs, such as flowers, spears and corals. The age of the burial mounds is not yet known, but some may be around 6000 years old, i.e. they were created around the same time that the Egyptians were building the pyramids.

3. Tel Edfu urban complex

Egypt
In 2018, during excavations in Egyptian Tel Edfu, a 4,000-year-old two-story complex was found, which was one of the earliest among the many large ruins in the region. Archaeologists have identified rooms that were used for storage, copper smelting, beer production and bread production. However, the purpose of the other premises has not been determined. The appearance of the facade of the building was typical of ancient Egypt, but it was very skillfully built. Another mystery is why people abandoned the complex after it was built.

Usually such abandoned places were taken apart for bricks for other construction projects. The same complex not only retained its walls 1.5 - 2 meters thick, but also the entrance doors. Given that they were made from extremely rare wood in Egypt, the doors must have been stolen a long time ago. This brewery-bakery is different from any other that have survived from the time of the Old Kingdom. Scholars believe that the ancient city of Edfu was an important settlement and a starting point for expeditions to distant places.

4. Villa in Warwick

England
In the English city of Warwick, they recently decided to move their high school. The builders who dug the foundation pit discovered a large Roman villa. Its size was 28 meters long and 14.5 meters wide. In their own words, this villa was "the size of a medieval church." Carved from local sandstone, it was probably part of a vast estate in the second century AD.

The villa itself was a very imposing building. In addition to being the largest structure in the region, it was connected to a Roman road. The discovery of corn drying chambers showed that the building, in addition to being someone's home, was used for agriculture. The one who lived in the villa left it about 200 years later.

5 Stonehenge Construction Camp

England
There is a military base at Larkhill within walking distance of Stonehenge. During preparations for new military exercises in 2018, the remains of an ancient fence were discovered. It is believed that ancient trade and meetings took place in such places. Nine wooden pillars stood exactly in the same position as the dolmens in the stone ring of Stonehenge.

This showed that Larkhill was a design center of sorts for a major overhaul of the famous temple, which was also once also a humble ring of wooden pillars. The original version of Stonehenge was erected around 3000 BC, but archaeologists believe that the fence is six to seven centuries older than it. It was probably a construction camp.

6. Hardnott Pass Fort

England
During the reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian (AD 117-138), part of Britain was part of the empire. Several forts were built to protect this frontier. One fortress stands near Hardnott Pass in Cumbria. It wasn't until 2015 that scientists noticed that its gates align perfectly with the Sun during the solstices. Located in a square building, the gates face each other in two pairs.

On the longest day of the year (summer solstice), at sunrise, the Sun shines through the northeast gate, and at sunset, into the southwest gate. On the shortest day (winter solstice), the process repeats, but in reverse. Why this particular fort was made the way it is is unknown. It is also not clear why the four towers of the fort were built perfectly in accordance with the cardinal directions. One plausible idea is that the fort is linked to religion (several ancient religions).

7. Ritual Hall and Moche Throne

Peru
In 2018, the news of a remarkable find appeared in the press after Peruvian archaeologists examined the monument of Huaca Limon de Ucupe. They found two rooms of the mysterious culture. Long before the Incas, the Moche culture flourished in Peru. Existing for many centuries until 700 AD. this magnificent culture left behind monuments, golden artifacts and advanced agricultural techniques. Any new finds could help explain the culture's mysterious disappearance, or at least provide more knowledge about it.

In one room there was a beautiful ritual hall. Unlike the geometric and mythical paintings found elsewhere, the walls of the hall were decorated with realistic sea scenes. One painting was 10 meters in size. Over 100 tables once held plates, hinting at large and varied banquets. The two stepped thrones faced each other. The taller one was intended for the ruler, while the other was probably intended for the patron of the holiday. Next to the door of another room was a podium, perhaps for making announcements during meetings.

8. An ominous Stone Age burial

Sweden
In 2009, a strange grave was found in Sweden that puzzled even experts. In it, on a huge limestone platform measuring 12 by 14 meters, 11 skulls without jaws rested. Moreover, when this burial was created 8000 years ago, it was at the bottom of the lake. The skeleton of a newborn and animal bones were also found. Why they were "buried" underwater is just one of the grave's mysteries. Seven skulls were found to have blunt trauma marks. Men were hit from above or in front, and women from behind.

The sacrifice was unlikely. All injuries were clearly treated, and people lived for some more time. The bones were also oddly laid out. Human skulls were in the middle, and two of them were pierced with stakes. In the south were the bones of bears. Wild boar, deer and elk "decorated" the southeastern part. In addition, most of the bones were taken from the right side of the body. In truth, researchers cannot figure out the location or meaning of the ritual.

9. Religious objects in the mountains of Eilat

Israel
In 2015, about 100 ritual objects were discovered in the Israeli mountains of Eilat. In the Negev desert, stone circles and phallic structures were arranged in dense groups. On an area of ​​80 hectares, archaeologists counted 44 places of worship. Although little is known about what took place in these places, themes of abundance and death were especially common. About 8000 years ago, male symbols were created on these objects, such as stone phalluses, indicating "female" stone circles with a diameter of 1.5-2.5 meters.

As object locations, flat areas with a good view of the surroundings were chosen. Given the small population and the desert around, the huge number of monuments is a mystery. In addition, similar finds continue to be made in other places. Only during one study found 349 ritual sites outside the mountains of Eilat.

10 Maya Archeology

Guatemala
During a recent aerial survey of northern Guatemala, more than 60,000 unknown Mayan archaeological sites were added to the map. Under the dense cover of forests, pyramids, walls, city fortifications, dams and defensive structures were found - all within 2,100 square kilometers. The study revealed entirely new places to explore, but also prompted immediate clues about other aspects of civilization.

The sheer number of private homes suggested that the Maya outnumbered those who live in the area today. They avoided deforestation and fell forests for agriculture like modern day farmers, proving that large populations can thrive without deforestation. One fortress was strong enough that it could be argued that the Maya fought serious wars. Although most of the new structures are houses, the number of roads is just as amazing.

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Hello 🙂

Every day, walking around the center of St. Petersburg, I pay attention to the sights of our city, which, of course, are familiar to everyone:

Saint Isaac's Cathedral,
Alexandria Pillar,
marble castle,
Engineering lock.

All of them were built a very long time ago, they cannot yet be classified as the oldest buildings, but a lot of time has passed, but they have not lost their attractiveness and beauty.

At the same time, if you just go deeper into the city, you can see buildings that can be called the most ancient buildings in appearance, although they were built several decades ago.

You can even not go far, every day, almost everywhere you can hear about dilapidated housing. It happens even when buying an apartment in a new house, the very next year flaws appear, because of which it is simply dangerous for life to be in these apartments.

I was wondering what the oldest buildings in the world?

The oldest buildings in the world

First of all, I want to express my gratitude to Alexander (his blog), the reader of my "".

It was discovered in 1975; bronze bracelets and ceramic buttons were found in it.

Currently, it has been completely restored and is open to the public. This is one of the symbols and main attractions of the city of Menorca.

The most ancient buildings - 8th place!

The Treasury of Atreus or the Tomb of Agamemnon was built in the ancient city of Mycenae (Greece) during the Bronze Age around 1250 BC, which is more than 3250 years ago and occupies the 8th place in the ranking of the most ancient buildings in the world.

The Treasury of Atreus, due to its grandeur and monumental form, is one of the most impressive monuments preserved from Mycenaean Greece. For example, the lintels over the aisles weigh more than 120 tons!!!

The most ancient buildings - 7th place!

The city of Coral was inhabited approximately between 2600 BC. and 2000 BC. is more than 4600 years ago. And on its territory of 60 hectares there are 19 pyramids.

The most interesting thing is that during the archaeological excavations were found - necklace beads, musical instruments and much more, but there were absolutely no weapons. This means that this one of the most ancient cities was peaceful and most likely its inhabitants were engaged in trade.

The most ancient buildings - 6th place!

The Pyramid of Djoser in Egypt is the oldest stone building in the world.

It was erected before 3000 BC. - this is more than 4700 years ago and consisted of six steps located on top of each other. The total height of the pyramid of Djoser is 62 meters.

The most ancient buildings - 5th place!

And again the mound. On line 5 of the top 10 ancient buildings in the world, I placed the Hulbjerg barrow, located on the southern tip of Langeland Island.

The most interesting thing is that Hulbjerg Tomb was built 5000 years ago. At the same time, it is completely assembled from 13 stone blocks precisely fitted to each other.

The most ancient buildings - 4th place!

Newgrange is a prehistoric monument under the protection of UNESCO and is located in County Meath, in the eastern part of Ireland, about one kilometer north of the River Boyne.

It was built around 3200 BC - that's over 5,100 years ago.

Today, Newgrange is a popular tourist attraction.

The walls of the passages are made up of large stone slabs, twenty-two of which are on the western side and twenty-one on the east. The height of the stone sides is on average about 1.5 meters in height; decorates many blocks.

The most ancient buildings - 3rd place!

With each line we are getting closer and closer to the first place. And we go deeper and deeper into history.

Monte d'Accoddi was built in the north of Sardinia, between Sassari and Porto Torres around 2700 - 2000 BC - that's about 5,200 years old.

The oldest buildings - 2nd place!

Knap of Howar - on the island of Papa Westray in Orkney (Scotland) approximately 5500 years ago in the period from 3700-2800 years. BC. a manor was built - This is the oldest stone house in Northern Europe.

The walls of the Knap of Howar are still standing and support a 1.6 m high cornice, and the stone furniture has also been preserved, which gives a vivid picture of life in this house. Fireplaces, beds, shelving were found almost intact. Just imagine - more than 5000 years have passed, and they are intact!

The most ancient buildings - 1st place!

So, in fact, we got to the most ancient building of our rating.

And rightfully occupied by the Megalithic Temples of Malta, a series of prehistoric monuments in Malta, seven of which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Surprisingly, they were built (just think about it!!) more than 5.5 thousand years ago.

Archaeologists believe that these megalithic complexes are the result of local innovations in a process of cultural evolution. The temples were erected between 3600-3000 BC. BC, which were fully operational and in use until 2500 BC.

Victor Rodriguez, an architect from Portugal, also made his house from real stones in 1973, and a huge number of tourists come to see it. True, his stone house was not included in our rating for obvious reasons. You can look at his creation in the article: ""

But that's not all! The world is big and there are still many interesting things ahead, if you don’t want to miss them, then I advise you

Perhaps you can suggest your options in the comments?

When people in the ancient world found gigantic ruins, they often thought that only the mythical Cyclopes could have built them. Today, as a rule, this is no longer believed, but the origin of many mysterious buildings from the past still causes a lot of controversy. No one knows who built them or even why.

1. Nan Madol

2. Teotihuacan

Some of the largest pre-Columbian structures in the Americas can be found in Teotihuacan. At one time, more than 100,000 people lived in the city, which makes it one of the largest cities in the world. Despite this, today scientists have no idea who founded Teotihuacan. It is believed to have been founded around 200 BC. - 1000 years before the rise of the Aztec empire. The city has many pyramids, the largest of which, the Pyramid of the Sun, is the third largest in the world. No less mysterious is why the big city was suddenly abandoned. Although many theories have been put forward, there is no evidence for any of them.

3 Puma Punku

Puma Punku is a megalithic complex in Bolivia that attracts a lot of attention from scientists. The blocks of stone that make up it are carved amazingly evenly and have perfectly round holes of unknown purpose. At the same time, the blocks of the temple complex weigh up to 130 tons and were mined in a quarry located at a distance of 80 km. How thousands of years ago they could do this is a mystery. Radiocarbon analysis showed that the complex was built around 530 AD.

4. Derinkuyu

In order to understand what Derinkuyu is, one must imagine that it is necessary to build a city for 20,000 people without modern technology. Underground. 3000-4000 years ago. It is these underground cities that exist in modern Turkey, and Derinkuyu is the largest of them. Interestingly, the city was used as a refuge until at least 1923, but then it was completely forgotten and rediscovered only in the 1960s. It is worth noting that the structure of the local soil and rocks makes the construction of underground cities surprisingly easy. These rocks are soft enough to be carved into caves, yet strong enough to resist landslides.

5. Ggantija

Ggantija (meaning "tower of the giants" in Maltese) is a megalithic temple complex on the island of Malta. Local legend says that Ggantija was built by a giantess named Sasuna. She wore huge building stones on her head, some of which were over 5 meters long. Ggantija consists of three giant walled temples. Its construction began around 3600 BC, i.e. these temples are much older than the invention of metal tools and the wheel in Malta. Not surprisingly, subsequent generations thought that only giants could build the complex.

6. Great Zimbabwe

7. Baalbek

The city of Baalbek in Lebanon reached its peak during the Roman Empire, but was famous in the region long before that. In the center of the Roman city stood three temples built in honor of Jupiter, Mercury and Venus. And at the base of the temple of Jupiter there is one mysterious feature - three giant stones, each weighing 800 tons. They are the largest stones ever used in construction.

8. Taulas of Menorca

9. Longue Caves

In the Chinese village of Longyu, from time immemorial, there has been a belief that the local ponds are bottomless. But until 1992, this was just a belief, until a local resident decided to drain one of the ponds. As a result, 27 giant underground grottoes were discovered. After their research, it was found that the 30-meter grottoes were created by hand about 2000 years ago. They were carved into hard rock and not connected to each other (some of them are separated only by thin stone walls). The purpose of these gigantic caves is unknown.

10. Tomb of the first emperor of China

Most people know about the Terracotta Warriors. These thousands of statues were placed around the tomb of the emperor to guard him in death. Records indicate that the emperor was buried in a palace built for him under a hill. Today, a terracotta army (and far from all) has been excavated, and there is evidence of voids inside the hill where it was found. But the Chinese government has banned further excavations. Curiously, according to a Chinese historian, whole lakes and rivers of mercury await in the tomb of the person who discovered it.

Especially for those who are interested in antiquities,.

A feature of the architecture of Ancient Egypt is that at a time when other peoples were still at the prehistoric stage, the Egyptians already had a highly developed art, including architecture.

Another important feature is the absence of forests on the territory of Ancient Egypt. For this reason, houses were built from unbaked bricks and stone (mainly limestone, sandstone and granite mined in the Nile Valley).

But all this concerned only palaces and tombs, but ordinary houses were built from the usual Nile, which, drying in the sun, became suitable for construction.

But, of course, when talking about construction in ancient Egypt, people are usually interested in the technology of building pyramids. The question of how exactly the ancient Egyptians managed to build such grandiose buildings in the absence of technology still occupies the minds of historians. There are several main versions on this score.

Many historians agree that huge blocks for construction were cut in quarries using copper tools - chisels, chisels, adzes. Then the blocks were to be delivered to the construction site, and historians argue fiercely about how this happened.

The most common - the blocks were simply dragged, laid on platforms with rollers. For this special brick roads. The downside of this version is that blocks weighing up to 300 tons, found in the pyramids, cannot be dragged even by a huge number of people.

No less questions are raised not only by the delivery of blocks, but also by lifting them to a great height, as well as the composition of the bonding solution.

There are many books and many documentaries about construction technologies, but no one has been able to find a clear answer.

Ancient Greece

Geographically, the ancient Greeks were much more fortunate - vast forests allowed them to greatly diversify their buildings, from which they made ceilings and beams, roofing, and in the early stages even traditional columns.

The Greeks built rich houses, temples and palaces from stone of different breeds. For example, Pentelian marble was used to build the Acropolis.

The technology for building simple residential buildings differed little from the Egyptian one - they were built of brick, but the Greeks began to use more durable burnt bricks. The walls, built of brick, were often tiled.

When erecting structures made of stone, the Greeks did not use fastening solutions, they used dry masonry, fastening the structures with metal brackets to protect against earthquakes, wooden veneers and spikes. All decorative elements were carried out after the main construction work, only tiles and tiles were made in advance. Refinement, bringing the structure to perfection was carried out from top to bottom, as the scaffolding and scaffolding were dismantled.

Ancient Rus'

Already with something, and the territory of Rus' has always been rich in forests, so wood has become the main building material. Much later, houses began to be built of stone, so two concepts were born - "Rus" and "Rus stone".

Stone construction in Rus' began only in the 10th century and at first belonged only to churches.

Residential houses were log cabins. A log house is a wooden house built from logs fastened at the corners. Log cabin - because the logs were only chopped with an ax. Saws in Rus' began to be used only from the 10th century and only for interior decoration. This is due to the fact that the saw cuts through the wood fibers, opening the way for moisture and decay. The log house was sometimes placed on a stone foundation made of boulders. The logs were fastened to each other in different ways, but the strongest method of fastening was fastening "in the oblo" - when the ends of the logs slightly go beyond the walls.

Stone construction of churches and temples began in the 10th century. The architecture of Ancient Rus' is very distinctive, although it bears some features of the Byzantine tradition. The main features of stone construction in Rus' have always been incorporation into the landscape and construction on hills and open places so that they can serve as landmarks, beacons for travelers.