See what "Ak-Burun" is in other dictionaries. Blue Gates of the Kerch Fortress on Cape Ak-Burun - archaeological excavations

Why blue? Previously, they were painted blue to distinguish them from everyone else. In general, the fortress had more than 20 fortified passages. In the event of a siege, the besieged could come out through the Blue Gate to strike at the flank of the enemy advancing on the northern part of the fortress. Nearby was a reduit of a covered path, from which fire was fired, preventing the besiegers from breaking the gates.

— At the moment, we are engaged in the opening of earthen masses that have accumulated in this area over the past two centuries of the existence of the fortress,
— said the director of development Archeology Foundation Oleg Markov.

Before the start of work, the territory was surveyed by sappers from the Leader Center of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. Clearing showed that the thickness of the influx of soil in the area of ​​the gate is from 20 cm to one and a half meters. Research participants expect to find interesting findings. Thanks to the excavations, it is possible to discover previously unknown elements of the architecture of the Kerch fortress.

At the same time, work is underway to fix the graffiti left by the "artists" on the walls of the fortress. But this, as they say, is women's work, and therefore it fell on the shoulders of female volunteers. During the existence of the outpost, both builders and defenders of the fortress, as well as foreign invaders, visited its territory. During the Great Patriotic War, the fortress of Kerch changed hands several times.

As specified in the Foundation, all work is supervised by the head of the research department of the Kerch Fortress, Ph.D. Yuri Beylik, the volunteers of the Archeology Foundation in the fortress of Kerch are led by Alexander Okhremenko.

– Cape Ak-Burun (translated from the Crimean Tatar “white cape”), where the Blue Gate is located, is a separate fortified defense area of ​​​​the fortress of Kerch, the internal structure of which has yet to be studied,
— said Oleg Markov.

By the way, it is interesting not only for its fortifications of the 19th century, but also for the archaeological remains of ancient times. There is a hypothesis that the ancient city of Hermisium, mentioned by Pomponius Mela and Pliny, is located on Ak-Burun.

– In principle, this is possible, although in the list of names of ancient settlements preserved by the written tradition for the section of the coast of the Eastern Crimea from Nymphaeum to Panticapaeum, there is another possible ancient city - Diya,
- said the director of the Fund.

In any case, only systematic archaeological excavations will be able to determine which city is located on Cape Ak-Burun. At the moment, we know for sure that "Father of Bosporus Archeology" Paul Dubrux in his description of this area, he repeatedly drew attention to the rapid destruction of the remains of ancient walls and buildings that he recorded, which disappeared from the surface literally before our eyes. According to his calculations, 500 cu.

According to his observations, only the fortress wall with towers and gates stretched for a length of two kilometers. Later, when Cape Ak-Burun became firmly under the jurisdiction of the military authorities, these antiquities became almost inaccessible to researchers and they gradually began to be forgotten.

- It is interesting that in 1858 at Cape Ak-Burun, the Pavlovsky mound was excavated, in which a burial was found dating back to the 4th century BC. The gold jewelry found there suggested that this was the burial place of the priestess of the temple of Demeter,
- emphasized in the Fund.
... Our volunteers have already had to take part in the excavations of the temple of Demeter, however, on the other side of the Cimmerian Bosporus in the village of Vestnik (Anapa district). Now they may have the opportunity to study the worshipers of the cult of this goddess already in the Crimea.

On Friday, July 14, festive events dedicated to the 160th anniversary of the start of its construction are to be held in the Kerch fortress. Scientists claim that the Kerch fortress is one of the most mysterious fortifications built in the 19th century. Few people know about its existence. Meanwhile, at one time it was the most powerful fortress in the South of Russia and the second most important after Kronstadt.

Since this unique monument is located in close proximity to the future bridge connecting the Crimean peninsula with the mainland, after restoration and partial reconstruction it can become one of the main attractions on the way of tourists.

Fortress "Kerch" or Fort Totleben is rightfully considered one of the largest defensive structures built during the Russian Empire. The fortress is located on Cape Ak-Burun (Pavlovsky Cape), in the place where the Kerch Strait narrows. The history of the fortress contains many tragic and glorious pages. Legendary artillery batteries, vast warehouses and mysterious labyrinths of cellars still attract researchers and tourists to this day.

The first military fortifications on the shores of the Kerch Strait began to be erected at the end of the 18th century. At the same time, it should be noted that, according to the Paris peace treaty, Russia was forbidden to have coastal fortresses in the Black Sea. A cunning way to get around this document came up with Major General Kaufman. According to his project, on the coast of the Kerch Strait, it was planned to build a new fort, the technical parameters of which did not fall under the definition of a fortification. In 1857, construction began, which lasted almost 20 years. Since 1859, the military engineer Eduard Totleben was in charge of the construction work. Thousands of workers worked on the construction of the fortress, the cost of the work amounted to more than twelve million rubles from the state treasury. Even the construction of the famous Kronstadt was spent less money.

While clearing the territory for the future fortress, the builders blew up several burial mounds. But, whenever possible, mounds and the remains of ancient cities, which are saturated with the area on the shore of the Kerch Strait, tried to be included in the structure of the fortress. Upon completion of construction, the fortress "Kerch" occupied 250 hectares. It was planned that it would house a garrison of more than five thousand people. The firing points could accommodate 587 guns. From the command rooms and casemates to the firing positions were the so-called posterns - a system of underground passages several kilometers long. The fortress was surrounded by a wide moat. At the artillery positions, underground powder magazines were arranged. In addition, the fortress was equipped with a counter-mine system and a large reservoir. Each individual building was an independent fortification and defense structure.

The main function of the fortress was to defend the southern borders of the empire. Therefore, a significant part of the fortifications and coastal batteries were concentrated on Cape Ak-Burun and Cape Pavlovsk, as well as on the high-rise buildings adjacent to them. Construction was completed on the eve of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877. But the fortress "Kerch" did not become a full-fledged participant in the battles. The time spent on the construction of the defensive structure played a cruel joke on it: the rapid progress of military affairs by the beginning of the 20th century made the fortress "Kerch" obsolete. Since 1905, it was mainly used as a warehouse, and political prisoners were kept in the casemates of the fortress.

The First World War and the Civil War passed for the fortress "Kerch" without significant events. But the 20s brought with them the first hardships. Almost all the ground structures of the fortress were looted and partially destroyed. Only by the beginning of the 1930s, the Kerch fortress was again used as a warehouse for the needs of the Red Army and Navy.

During the Great Patriotic War, bloody battles between the German invaders and the soldiers of the garrison guarding the warehouses repeatedly unfolded within the walls of the fortress. In 1942, during the retreat, part of the ammunition depots was blown up by Soviet soldiers.

In the post-war period, military warehouses were again located in the fortress, special barracks were assigned to a disciplinary battalion. The fortress "Kerch" was completely under the control of the military department until 2003. Then part of it was transferred to the Kerch State Historical and Cultural Reserve.

Now access to a significant area of ​​this grandiose structure on the shores of the Kerch Strait is open to the public. It is not recommended to visit the dungeons on your own, as many of them are abandoned and potentially life-threatening.

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