The position of Vietnam in relation to other countries. Vietnam. Economic and geographical position. Natural conditions and resources. Hotels, hotels, prices

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, on the east coast of the Indochinese Peninsula. It occupies an area of ​​331,600 square kilometers, which is commensurate with the territory of Germany. Vietnam borders China to the north, Laos to the west, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. . Vietnam has a huge number of islands and 2 large archipelagos - Hoang Sha and Truong Sha. Three-quarters of the country's territory is mountainous, there are two fertile deltas of the country's main waterways: the Mekong Delta and the Red River Delta. The coastline of Vietnam, excluding islands, is 3444 km, land borders with Laos, Cambodia and China are 4639 km

The capital of Vietnam is Hanoi.

The population of Vietnam is 87.7 million people (2009 data)

Administrative division of Vietnam - Divided into 59 provinces and 5 cities of central subordination - Hanoi, Haiphong, Da Nang, Can Tho and Ho Chi Minh City.

The form of government in Vietnam is Republic.

The head of state of Vietnam is the President, who is elected for a term of 5 years.

The highest legislative body of Vietnam is the Unicameral National Assembly, whose term of office is 5 years.

The highest executive body of Vietnam is the Government.

Major cities of Vietnam - Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh.

The official language of Vietnam is Vietnamese.

Vietnam has a rich and ancient culture. As a result of excavations in the Do Mountains region (Thanh Hoa province), the remains of the Son Vi culture that existed 10,000 years ago were found. So far, 7,300 monuments have been preserved throughout Vietnam; Vietnam still observes many ancient traditions, customs, rituals and holidays.

Conventionally, Vietnam can be divided into North, Central and South.

The north of Vietnam is the oldest territory of the country of the Viet, on which the nation was formed, rich in historical monuments and beautiful landscapes. This land is sacred to the Vietnamese, it is covered with legends.

Central Vietnam is a thin and long part of the country, which is located between the coast of the South China Sea and the border with Laos, passing through the mountain ranges of Truong Son.

The south of Vietnam beckons with endless sunny beaches on the coast of the South China Sea.

Recreational resources

Relief

More than 80% of the territory of Vietnam is occupied by low and medium high mountains. In the north, blocky-folded ridges of southeast strike stretch parallel to each other - Hoanglyenshon (with the highest point of Vietnam, Mount Fansipan - 3143 m), Shusung Tyaotyay, Shamshao, separated by narrow, deep longitudinal valleys. In the central and southern parts there are plateaus - Pleiku, Daklak, Lamvien, Zilin, Central Plateau. In the lower reaches and delta of the Khonkha River in the north of the country is the Bakbo Plain. The vast Nambo Plain is located in the extreme southwest of the country in the Mekong Delta.

Geographical position

Vietnam is located in southeastern Asia on the east coast of the Indochinese Peninsula. In the north it has a common border with China, and in the west with Cambodia and Laos. The southwestern lands of the country are washed by the waters of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Vietnam occupies an area of ​​331.7 thousand km2, in addition to land on the mainland, the state owns some islands.

More than 80% of the country's territory is mountainous. In the west, the border is delineated by the Annam Range, the central part is occupied by the Truong Son Mountains with steep eastern and stepped western slopes. The highest point in the country - Mount Fansipan (3143 m) is located in the Yunnan Highlands in northern Vietnam. In the deltas of large rivers in the south of the country, vast plains extend.

Vietnam has a fairly dense network of rivers, the largest and deepest of which are the Mekong and Hongha, which flow into the South China Sea. Many other small rivers descend to the sea from the Annam Mountains and the central plateaus. During the period of abundant monsoon rains, the water level in the rivers increases significantly.

Of the largest lakes, one can name Ba Be lakes - Pelam, Pelu and Peleng, which are located in a surprisingly picturesque area declared a National Reserve and Tourism Center.

Due to the great length of Vietnam, the climatic conditions here are quite diverse. In general, a subequatorial monsoon climate dominates in the country, and three regions are distinguished - northern, southern and central. The north of the country is characterized by mild winters without precipitation and hot, humid summers, the climate of the southern lands differs only in higher air temperatures. In the central region, it is hot (+26°С - +29°С) and humid throughout the year.

In all regions of the country, the wet and dry (from November to April) seasons are clearly distinguished. As a rule, most precipitation falls in the period July - August. And on the island of Phu Quoc, the dry season lasts all year round with the exception of October. In the mountains, the temperature can even drop below 0. It is worth considering that there are typhoons in the north in autumn and at the end of summer.

Visas, entry rules, customs rules

Since recently, a visa for Russian citizens is not required! At the border, you must present a passport, the validity of which is at least 3 months from the end of the trip, and return tickets or tickets to a third country (if Vietnam is not the final destination of the trip). If a longer visit is expected, a visa must be issued in advance at the embassy or consulates of Vietnam. If necessary, you can extend your visa while in Vietnam.

For the rest, a Vietnamese visa can be issued in two ways - at the consulate (embassy) of Vietnam or directly at the international airport upon arrival in the cities of Hanoi, Saigon and Da Nang. To apply for a visa through the consulate, you need a valid passport, a completed application form with a 4x6 color or black and white photo, a consular fee and an invitation from a citizen of Vietnam.

To apply for a visa on arrival, you must fill out an application form and, together with a 4x6 photo and a valid international passport, submit it to the staff at the "Visas upon arrival" counter at the airport. For those who spend less than 24 hours in the country and do not leave the airport, visa-free transit travel is allowed, and you will need to present a ticket for a transit flight.

The amount of imported foreign currency is not limited, but more than 3000 USD are subject to a mandatory customs declaration, since only the amount within the declared amount can be exported. It is forbidden to export the national currency.

The importation of drugs or preparations containing them is strictly prohibited, and you should know that the punishment is set up to the death penalty. It is forbidden to import firearms and explosives, pornography and materials in any form that may offend or harm national culture and traditions. Without obtaining an appropriate permit, it is impossible to export handicrafts, antiques, jewelry and art objects.

When importing household or computer equipment, they must be included in the declaration, otherwise export from the country will be possible only with the provision of a receipt for the purchase of equipment in Vietnam or upon payment of a fee. Duty-free import applies to cigarettes - up to 400 pieces, cigars - up to 100 pieces. and tobacco - no more than 500 gr. Also, the fee is not charged for the carriage of 2 liters. alcoholic beverages up to 22 ° or 1.5 liters of strong alcoholic beverages, no more than 3 kg of coffee and 5 kg of tea and other property if its total value is less than 5 million VND (300 USD).

Population, political condition

The population of Vietnam currently exceeds 82 million people, in terms of the number of inhabitants, Vietnam ranks 13th in the world. Moreover, the urban population is only 20%, the rest live in rural areas. The ethnic composition of the population is quite diverse, but the vast majority (87.5%) are still Viet. The territory is also inhabited by the Chinese, Thais, Khmers, Hmong, hill tribes and others - a total of 54 nationalities. The official language is Vietnamese, many residents speak various dialects, less often Chinese. Increasingly, English, French and Russian are used in tourist areas.

The political structure of Vietnam is a parliamentary republic. Every five years, 498 deputies are elected to the National Assembly (Parliament) by popular vote. The deputies elect the President from among their number also for five years, and he, in turn, appeals to the National Assembly to appoint the Prime Minister, Vice President and Chairman of the Supreme People's Court. The territory of Vietnam is divided into 59 provinces and 5 cities of central subordination.

What to see

The nature of Vietnam is incredibly beautiful - thousands of islands, picturesque bays, beautiful lakes, sandy beaches and bewitching mountains. In addition, the country is famous for its architectural monuments, the history of which goes back to ancient times.

In Hanoi, you should definitely visit the ancient temple of Kuan Thanh and the ancient pagoda - Tran Quoc. The famous Hanoi Cathedral (Saint Joseph Cathedral), opened in

1886, resembles Notre Dame Cathedral. Must see and must

Hanoi Flag Tower, built in 1812. For lovers of cultural trips, Hanoi has several interesting museums, including the Museum of the Vietnamese Army, the Museum of Vietnamese History and the Museum of Fine Arts of Vietnam. There is also a one-pillar pagoda (Chua Mot Kot), Hoan Kiem Lake, Thong Nhat Park and other attractions.

The Le Mat area is famous for its folk healers, which supplies snake meat, which is considered a delicacy, to all restaurants in the country. Poisonous reptiles are bred here as pets - on farms. You should definitely try wine, infused with viper or snake meat sauce.

Vietnamese pagodas and churches are impressive: Sons Pagoda - a Buddhist convent in 1952, Thien Vuong Pagoda (Chinese pagoda) in 1958, Minh Nguet Cu Sy Lam Pagoda in 1962, Lin Son Pagoda in 1938, Thien Mu Pagoda in 1844, Lam Ti Ni Pagoda 1961 Dalat Rose Evangelical Church - the main Protestant church in the city 1940 Dalat Cathedral between 1931 and 1942, Virgin Mary Monastery between 1940 and 1942, Zuxin Church 1955

Of the natural wonders, Halong Bay is truly amazing, with more than 3,000 islands that protrude from the clear waters of the Gulf of Tonkin, there are thousands of caves of various sizes and shapes. On the island of Tuan Chau is the former summer residence of Ho Chi Minh. Popular among tourists are the Marble Mountains, the Ba Be lakes, the Kon Da archipelago and the Langku island covered with the shade of palm trees with a crystal clear lagoon and many kilometers of beach.

Human footprints found by archaeologists in Vietnam date back to the Paleolithic. Initially, the ancestors of modern Vietnamese lived in the mountains in the north and the banks of Hong Ha. The first state was Vanlang, then by about 190-180 BC. e., formed Tonkin. In 111 BC, the Vietnamese Chieu dynasty ceased to exist, and Tonkin became a province of China. The uprisings in 39 AD made it possible to free themselves from oppression for only 5 years, and in 44 the lands of Vietnam again fell under the rule of China, gaining freedom only in 939.

Having created the state of Dai Viet, the Ngo dynasty came to power. After gaining independence, the Vietnamese expanded their possessions and expelled the Chams and Khmers from the country. For 20 years, the Chinese authorities occupied Dai Viet in 1407. Dynasties succeeded one another for several centuries, until in 1857 the country was captured by the French army. National liberation movements rose up against the invaders.

February 3, 1930 Ho Chi Minh founds the Communist Party of Vietnam. An armed Yenbai uprising breaks out in the northwest of the capital. The authorities suppress it, and the resistance movement is led by the Communist Party of Indochina. From July 1941, Japanese troops captured all of Vietnam, and the occupation continued until August 1945. Ho Chi Minh founded the League of Struggle against France and Japan for the independence of Vietnam, known as the Viet Minh League.

At the end of World War II, the northern part of the country was occupied by detachments of the Kuomintang Chinese, and the British entered the territory of South Vietnam. The Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh moved to Hanoi. In the summer of 1945, the August Revolution breaks out, and on September 2, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) was proclaimed. The interim government was headed by Ho Chi Minh. On September 23, 1945, the war began to get rid of the influence of France, and as a result, the Geneva Convention was signed in 1954, which actually recognized the existence of two states: the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North) and the Republic of Vietnam (South). North Vietnam proclaimed the construction of socialism under the leadership of the Communist Party and President Ho Chi Minh. A civil war broke out in South Vietnam, the north supported the partisans. The National Liberation Front of South Vietnam was created. The United States undertook aerial bombardment of North Vietnam. Peace negotiations began in May, and in the summer the Republic of South Vietnam (RSV) was proclaimed and a Provisional Revolutionary Government was established. Ho Chi Minh died the same year. In the spring of 1972, the communists launched a major offensive, to which the United States responded with massive bombing.

In 1973, a peace treaty was signed in Paris. Vietnam officially reunified in 1976 and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was established. Close relations with the USSR were established, but at the same time, Sino-Vietnamese relations escalated to the limit, which resulted in a short-term war.

In 1977, Vietnam became a member of the UN, and a year later signed an agreement with the USSR on friendship and partnership. Incessant skirmishes with China led to the fact that in 1978-1980 about 750 thousand people left the country, of which ethnic Chinese predominated.

The building of socialism had negative consequences, and the authorities switched to a different course, removing some trade restrictions. In 1989, the country carried out numerous reforms aimed at developing the private sector. In 1994, the US lifted the trade embargo and established diplomatic relations a year later. Soon Vietnam becomes a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

International trade

The development of the country's economy as a whole, including foreign trade, for a long time went at a rather slow pace, since foreign capital was not welcome. But already in 1997, the provinces and districts received the right to trade with foreign countries on their own. And in January 2007, Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization.

Among the partner countries in exports, the United States, Japan and Australia can now be highlighted, where oil, rubber, rice, tea and coffee, seafood, as well as clothes and shoes are exported.

Goods such as grain, oil products, fertilizers, some building materials and motor vehicles are imported. The main import partners are China, Singapore and Taiwan.

The shops

Shops, as a rule, open at 7.30 - 8.00 and work until 17.00 - 17.30. At 11.30 - 12.00 shops close for an hour and a half break for lunch. On weekends - Saturday and Sunday - shops do not work at all. In Vietnamese souvenir shops, shops and markets, you can buy incredibly beautiful things at a relatively low price. From here, tourists bring exotic silverware, dishes, souvenirs made of bamboo and mahogany, bones and bronze as a gift of amazing beauty. You can buy products made of natural linen, silk or cotton. Of the alcoholic drinks, a drink with a snake inside is popular.

Demography

The annual population growth in Vietnam is about 1 million people, which cannot but have a negative impact on the country's economy. Therefore, since 1983, the government has been pursuing a state policy aimed at limiting the birth rate.

Industry

With deposits of oil, natural gas and coal on its territory, Vietnam has great potential for the development of the electric power industry, and there are many hydroelectric power stations in the country. Such branches of heavy industry as ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, the steel industry, mechanical engineering, and the building materials industry are also developing intensively. The chemical industry is represented mainly by the production of fertilizers.

Among the branches of light industry, the food, textile, and leather industries are developing; shoes, glassware, porcelain, and faience are produced. An important role is given to handicraft production. The handicraft industry (carpet weaving, pottery, wood carving, jewelry) produces a wide range of products not only for export, but for general consumption.

Flora and fauna

Forests cover a significant part of the land, especially in the mountains, at the foot of which evergreens grow, a little higher broad-leaved and varieties of bamboo, and at even higher altitudes there are maple, ash, oak and conifers. On the coast, mangroves are common, and lowlands are occupied by coconut palms. There are many valuable species of wood in the country - black, sandalwood, ebony and others.

The fauna of Vietnam, due to various environmental conditions, is surprisingly diverse. In tropical forests there are bears, leopards, panthers, monkeys, tigers, flying squirrels, monitor lizards and even rhinos; birds - pheasants, parrots, peacocks. Forests abound with various species of snakes and lizards, skulls. In wetlands and in river deltas, many birds settle: flamingos, pelicans, ducks and geese, herons and storks. The savannas provide habitat for antelopes, deer, buffalo, Indian elephants, wild boars, eagles and partridges.

Sea and river waters abound with fish, shellfish, shrimps and other inhabitants of the underwater world. In total, the fauna of Vietnam has more than 1000 species of marine and freshwater fish, about 270 species of reptiles, 970 species of birds and approximately 170 species of mammals.

For the protection and protection of rare species of flora and fauna in Vietnam, national parks, sanctuaries and nature reserves are being created.

Banks and money

Traveling around the country by car is better with a local driver. Asphalt cover is only a ninth, the rest is soil or gravel. In this regard, many roads are in extremely poor condition, they are often washed away. In addition, local, already narrow, roads are loaded with motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, bicycles, agricultural vehicles and even pets. There is no driving culture - traffic rules are practically not observed, parking spaces are negligible.

Intercity trips can be made by rail or by bus. Many trains are not in the best condition, but still more comfortable than buses. Through the whole country, from north to south, the main highway passes, along which the most comfortable express "Unity" flies. Tickets can be purchased both in a second-class carriage and in a soft sleeping car with separate lockable compartments and European standard toilets.

It will be more economical to travel by bus, but even here the transport is rather worn out, the speed is low, and the cabin is usually crowded. In addition, buses often do not adhere to the schedule. Express buses don't move much faster. Foreigners most often travel by special luxury minibuses with air conditioning, where the cost of the train is somewhat higher.

Geographical position

Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, occupying the eastern part of the Indochina peninsula. With its outlines, the country resembles the Latin letter S. The length of Vietnam from north to south is 1750 km, while at its widest point it is almost 600 km, and at its narrow - only 50 km. The total length of Vietnam's land borders is 3,700 km. From the north, Vietnam borders on China (the length of the border is 1400 km), and in the west - on Laos (2067 km) and Cambodia (1030 km). From the east, Vietnam is washed by the East Sea, from the west - by the Gulf of Thailand, the length of the coastline is 3260 km.

Geographical coordinates of Vietnam: from 102.10 to 109.24 east longitude and from 8.30 to 23.24 north latitude. Vietnam is in the seventh time zone. The time difference with Moscow is three hours in summer and four hours in winter.

The area of ​​Vietnam is 330 thousand square meters. km. 3/4 of the country's territory is occupied by mountains and hills, 1/4 by plains. In terms of area, Vietnam ranks fourth in Southeast Asia (after Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand).

All the highest mountains are located in the western and northwestern parts of the country. The highest peak in Vietnam - Mount Fansipan (3.143 m) is located in the Hoanglien Son mountain range. Extending to the East Sea, the ridges gradually decrease and end with coastal lowlands. In the north and south of Vietnam there are two large plains, which are the largest granaries of the country. In the north - this is the Bakbo plain, through which the Red River flows (altitude 25 above sea level, area 16 thousand square kilometers). In the south - the Nambo Plain in the Mekong Delta (an area of ​​​​40 thousand square kilometers).

How to get there

The only and main mode of transport by which you can easily get to the capital of Vietnam - the city of Hanoi and the resort - Ho Chi Minh City, is an airplane. Moreover, flights to Ho Chi Minh City are carried out only by the Vietnamese airline - Vietnam Airlines, while our Aeroflot will take you only to Hanoi. Departures from Moscow are made twice or thrice a week. If you decide to use the services of Russian airlines, then fly on domestic IL-96 aircraft or Boeing 767 models, and if you trust Vietnamese airlines, then fly on American Boeing 777. But in any case, the flight will not cause you any trouble, because how experienced pilots and attentive flight attendants guarantee a good mood and pleasure from the flight. By the way, about the flight. Not the longest, but at the same time not the shortest flight - 9-10 hours in the sky.

Aeroflot flights operate from the Sheremetyevo-2 airport, flights of Vietnamese airlines - from Domodedovo.

The cost of a flight from Moscow to Hanoi is an average of 25,000 - 30,000 rubles round trip. But if you closely follow the promotions of tour operators and "hot tours", you can save about half of the indicated amount on air tickets.

So, from the capital of our state, there are no other options for direct routes to Hanoi. In addition, flights are operated by the same airlines from Vladivostok and some other Russian cities. And here's what's interesting, a trip from Vladivostok will cost you only a couple of thousand cheaper, although the distance from Moscow to Hanoi and from Vladivostok is different.

So, we have designated direct routes. That is, Vietnam can be directly reached from Russia only by air. But if you arrange a trip with a transfer in other countries, then the road will become much more diverse.

For example, you can get to Vietnam through neighboring countries - China and Thailand. So, it is more convenient for residents of the Far East to get to China, and there already by train or also by plane to Vietnam. China is the only country close to Russia that has a railway connection with Vietnam. Well, with Thailand, everything is simple - a flight to Thailand, and then a transfer to a new Boeing - and to Hanoi. In addition, you can get to Korea by ferry, and then by plane - to Vietnam. True, this method is not available to all residents of Russia, but only to the population of the Far East. If you really want a completely extreme trip, then you can choose more exotic transit countries, such as Cambodia or Laos.

Visa

To visit Vietnam for citizens of Ukraine, a visa regime is provided.

To obtain a visa to Vietnam, you must provide the following documents:

1. foreign passport;
2. 2 copies of the questionnaire of the established form, filled in Russian, French or English;
3. original invitation;
4. providing information on points of entry and exit from Vietnam.

The validity period is indicated in the visa, usually up to 30 days.

The consular fee is paid after the submission of documents and ranges from $5 to $25.

When moving within the country, many formalities are required, for which it is recommended to have several photographs. When crossing the border, you need proof of sufficient financial resources for the period of stay in the country.

For citizens of Ukraine there is an opportunity to get a free visa directly at the airport. To do this, you must have a passport, 1 photo 3x4, 1 completed application form. A visa-free regime is provided only for citizens who stay in the country for no more than 24 hours. Children under 16 fit into the visa of the parents (mother).

Climate

The climate of Vietnam is monsoon subequatorial; On the territory of the country, 3 climatic zones are conditionally distinguished. In the northern part of the country, the average summer temperatures are about 27 °C, winter - about 14 °C, the rainy season lasts from July to September. The central part of Vietnam is a territory where the average summer temperatures are kept around 30 ° C, winter - within 20 ° C; the rainy season is from October to January. In the south of the country, where the holiday season lasts all year round, in winter about 25 ° C, the warmest period with an average temperature of about 30 ° C occurs in April; the rainiest months here are July and August.

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Population

According to the 1999 census, the population of V. was 76.3 million people. Compared with the previous 1989 census, the population increased by 11.9 million people. The birth rate in 1989-99 was 1.7%, in 2002 1.31%. Child mortality 42 people. per 1000 newborns. Average life expectancy (2002) 68.2 years, men 65.5 years, women 70.1 years.

Percentage of migration of the rural population to the cities in 1989-99 3.2% annually. In 1999, 23.5% of the country's population lived in cities, in 2002 - 25%. Sex ratio: 51% women and 49% men. Retirement age (only public sector workers in cities) for men - 60 years, for women - 55 years.

The literacy rate is 91% (in 1989—88%).

Vietnam is a multinational country with 54 nationalities and nationalities living in it. Actually Vietnamese (Viets, or Kinh) make up 87% of the population. They live mainly in the deltas of the Red and Mekong rivers, in the coastal regions of Central Vietnam. The number of Chinese in Vietnam is 4%. Of the nationalities, the most numerous are Tey, Thai, We-ong, Hoa, Khmer, Nung - St. 1 million people each. The smallest nationalities - Brau, Roma, Oda number several hundred people.

The national language is Vietnamese, which is spoken by St. 90% of the population. Ethnic minorities, while maintaining their own language, use the Vietnamese language in interethnic communication.

Officially, 6 religions are recognized in Vietnam:

• Buddhism,
• Catholicism,
• Protestantism,
• Islam,
• caodaism,
• Hoa-hao.

According to official figures, there are about 7.5 million Buddhists in the country, while 85% of the population consider themselves followers of this religion, about 5 million Catholics, 500 thousand Protestants, 150-170 thousand Muslims.

Nature

About 80% of the country's territory is occupied by mountains. In the north of Vietnam, in the direction from northwest to southeast, blocky-folded ridges stretch parallel to each other: Shamshao, Shusungtyaotyay, Hoanglyenshon. In the Hoanglyenshon ridge is the highest point of the country - Mount Fansipan (3143 m).

In the west of the country, along the border with Laos, the Annam Mountains stretch.

In the southern and central part of Vietnam there are basalt and socle plateaus: Zilin, Lamvien, Daklak, Pleiku, which form the Tainguyen Plateau.

In the north of the country there is an alluvial-deltaic Bakbo plain.

The vast alluvial-deltaic Nambo Plain is located in the southwest of Vietnam. On the Nambo Plain is the delta of the great river of Asia - the Mekong.

Water

The rich Mekong and Hongha rivers end their journey in Vietnam, pouring into the South China Sea. The Mekong Delta is one of the largest in the world. The area of ​​the delta is 40548 km², Megong is divided here into 9 branches.

Small rivers flowing from the Annam Mountains and the Taingguyen Plateau, when flowing into the South China Sea, formed a strip of plains stretching along the entire coast.

Flora

About 30% of Vietnam's territory is covered with forests. These are predominantly tropical rainforests. Almost all the plains of the country are cultivated. Natural forest vegetation is preserved only in the mountains.

Fauna

Of the large mammals in Vietnam, elephants, bears, deer, leopards and tigers live. Also in Vietnam, monkeys, hares, squirrels are common. The birds of the country are very diverse: there are 970 species of them. Reptiles are widespread: various lizards, snakes, crocodiles. More than 1,000 species of marine and freshwater fish live in the waters of Vietnam.

Hotels, hotels, prices

Hotels in Vietnam are very diverse: here are hotels of all categories, with any set of services that you wish. Vietnam hotels amaze with their amazing combination of local traditions and French architecture. Here there is sophistication, simplicity and comfort. Many hotels in Vietnam are located in quiet and peaceful cities, where you can enjoy peace and immerse yourself in the sweet and measured bliss of relaxation. Also, accommodation in city hotels will allow you to enjoy trips and excursions to historical places. Most of the hotels are located on the beaches, where you will never forget your vacation. There is the possibility of accommodation in complex bungalows or villas. Many hotels have their own beaches. Vietnam hotels description: on the territory of the hotels you can always pamper yourself with a visit to massage rooms and SPA centers. An excellent opportunity to combine relaxation and recovery.

Vinpearl Luxury Nha Trang 5*

An exclusive hotel located on its own island of Hon Tre, in one of the 30 most beautiful bays in the world. An ideal place for perfectionists who want to enjoy a luxury vacation, away from the intrusive noise of everyday life.

Princess D'Annam Resort & SPA 5*

Vietnam's first international class boutique resort. The hotel is located in a cozy secluded bay Ke Ga. A modern interpretation of French colonial architecture, combined with oriental images, creates a feeling of being outside of time. Recommended secluded VIP getaway.

Diamond Bay Resort & Spa 4*

An ideal place for those who prefer privacy. The hotel operates on the FB food system. Large and cozy territory, absolute harmony with nature and impeccable level of service.

Phu Hai Hotel 4*

One of the best hotels in Phan Thiet, located away from all other hotels on the coast.
The service meets international standards. The extensive, well thought-out infrastructure of the resort is suitable for both leisure and business events.

Villa Aria 3*

The new modern boutique hotel is located in the center of the resort area of ​​Mui Ne. We recommend this hotel for a quiet and relaxing holiday.

The Prime 3*

The new hotel was opened in 2009 and is located in the center of Nya. Perfect for an economical and high-quality holiday.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is located on the Indochina Peninsula (Southeast Asia). The state occupies an area of ​​more than 329 thousand square meters. km. Three countries - Cambodia, Laos and China - border Vietnam. The waters of the South China Sea and its bays wash the southern and eastern coasts of the country. Con Dao, Bai Tulong, Cat Ba, Coto and Phu Quoc are the largest of the islands belonging to Vietnam.

Mountains occupy almost 80% of the country's territory. Deep longitudinal valleys separate the Hoanglien Son, Shamsha and Shusung Tyaotai ranges, which run parallel to each other in northern Vietnam. Here is Mount Fan Si-Pan, reaching 3143 m and is considered the highest point in the country. The Annam Mountains are located on the western border of Vietnam. Central, Lamvien, Pleiku, Zilin and Daklak - these plateaus occupy the central part of the country. The largest rivers of the republic, the Mekong and the Hongha, flow into the South China Sea. The Bakbo Plain lies to the north, in the lower reaches of the Hongkhi. The Nambo Plain is in the Mekong Delta, in the southwest of the country. UNESCO has recognized one of the wonders of the world Halong Bay in Bakbo Bay, where 1600 islands of the most bizarre shape are located.

The population of the country exceeds 83 million. For 1 sq. km of its area accounts for 253 people. More than half of Vietnamese people are women. The population growth is about 2%. The average age to which the inhabitants of the republic live is 70 years.

The population of the country has more than 54 ethnic groups. All residents of Vietnam are called "Vietnamese". Previously, this definition was applied to the inhabitants of the plains, but today they are called "Viet", and they make up more than 85% of the population. The Khmer and Chinese communities of the country are also quite large. Thais, Cham, Mann, Muong and other nationalities also live on the territory of the republic.

The three families (Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan and Austroasiatic) include all the languages ​​spoken in the country. The official language is Vietnamese. Khmer and Chinese are widely spoken. In the republic, you can hear English, French and Russian speech.

Most of the inhabitants of the country practice Buddhism. In addition to the Buddha, spirits and local deities are also worshiped by the indigenous people. The cult of ancestors and the forces of nature - about 23% of the population adheres to these and other traditional beliefs. Christianity is professed by 10%. Most of them are Catholics, Protestants - 1%. Islam and Hinduism are practiced by some nationalities.

The country has a very high rate of urbanization. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam. Among other largest cities in Vietnam: Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, Da Nang, etc.

The unicameral National Assembly is the highest body of state power. The term of office of 498 deputies included in its composition is limited to five years. From among them, candidates for the highest leadership positions are nominated: president, chairman of the Supreme People's Court, prime minister, etc. The president, who is elected for a five-year term, also heads the country's armed forces.

A Communist Party representative took over as president in 2006 with 94% of the vote.

In the I millennium BC. on the territory of modern Vietnam was the kingdom of 0 - Lak. Before 939 AD North Vietnam was part of the Chinese Empire. Most of the country became a protectorate of France in 1884. Vietnam was divided into two states according to the Geneva Agreement. The Republic of Vietnam was formed in 1955 in the south of the country, and in 1959, in the north of Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed. The war between South and North Vietnam began in the late 1950s and ended in 1975. In 1976, their political unification took place. The resulting Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a member of many international organizations - the UN, WHO, UNESCO, etc.

On the territory of the country, the national currency, the Vietnamese dong, is in circulation.

There are three climatic regions in Vietnam - South, Central and North. Humid, hot summers and cool, wet winters are typical for the northern regions. The tropical monsoon climate of the southern regions is characterized by high temperature and high humidity. In summer, the mountain ranges prevent the penetration of moist winds into the Central Region. When the weather is fine in the rest of the country, it starts to rain here. Sometimes they continue until January.

Devastating typhoons often hit the coast.

Evergreen tropical forests grow in the lower reaches of the mountains. Above them are replaced by subtropical broad-leaved forests. Coniferous trees, oaks, ash trees and maples grow in the mixed forests of the country. Mangroves occupy the coastal zone. Coconut palms form entire groves in low-lying areas. Iron, ebony, camphor and other valuable tree species grow in Vietnam.

Vietnam is famous all over the world for its museums, which attract a huge number of tourists to the country.

rental block

Economic and geographical position of Vietnam

Completed by: student of the AMRBF-12 group

Lazarev Maxim

Checked by: Kler Irina Georgievna

Mariupol 2015

Vietnam is a member of regional economic organizations - ASEAN, APEC, ASEM, since 2007 - a member of the WTO.

The landmark political event of the year was the adoption at the 6th session of the National Assembly of the XIII convocation in November 2013 of a new version of the Vietnamese Constitution, which fixed state guarantees regarding the private sector as an equal participant in the economic market of Vietnam. Among other important events in the domestic political life of Vietnam in 2013 were the VII and VIII Plenums of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam of the XI convocation, the V and VI sessions of the National Assembly of the XIII convocation of Vietnam, at the latter a plan for the social and economic development of Vietnam for 2014 was adopted.

According to the assessment of the Vietnamese leadership, in 2013 the purposeful actions of the Government made it possible to restore macroeconomic stability. At the same time, the consequences of the global crisis had a significant impact on economic development, primarily in the countries - the main recipients of Vietnamese exports - the EU and the USA. However, the main reasons for the slowdown in economic growth and the decline in business activity are endogenous.

Positive factors for economic development – ​​foreign trade surplus for the second year in a row, significant growth in foreign direct investment (35.9%), increase in gold reserves to USD 32 billion (12 weeks of imports), appreciation of the dong against the US dollar, the lowest inflation rate over the past 10 years.

Among the negative factors that are acquiring a "chronic" character, the following stand out: the persistence of a low level of labor productivity (60% of the level of the ASEAN countries); stagnation in real estate during 2011-2013. (the value of unclaimed real estate is estimated at 4 billion US dollars); slowdown in bank lending (8.8%); ineffective banking sector reforms. The state does not have enough funds - the volume of budgetary capital investments remained at the level of 2012. For the first time, the plan for revenues to the state budget has not been fulfilled. In this situation, the accelerated growth of the share in total investments of foreign direct capital investments and donor loans continued (more than 30% of total capital investments). Despite the anti-corruption measures taken and the tightening of penalties, no noticeable improvement in this area has been achieved.

The macroeconomic stability achieved in 2013 is very “fragile”, which is determined by the existing imbalances in the economy. At the same time, the poor financial position of state-owned companies and the high dependence of public finances, primarily the investment process, on external factors remained the main “risk” factors.

In the economic strategy for 2013, tasks were formulated to strengthen macroeconomic stability, reduce inflation and increase economic growth rates. At the beginning of the year, the government adopted two program resolutions (No. 01NQ-CH and No. 02/NQ-CP) on the implementation of the socio-economic development plan for 2013 and measures of state support for the production and banking and financial sectors of the economy, restructuring of industrial enterprises. The state, using administrative mechanisms, carried out close control and monitoring throughout the year of the development of the economic situation in the country and responded flexibly to emerging problems through the adoption of additional directives aimed at meeting macroeconomic indicators. The industrial production index in 2013 amounted to 5.9% and showed a percentage increase in the overall level of industry compared to 2012 (4.8%). In the structure of the national industry, the most dynamically developing are the energy sector - 8.5% and the processing industry - 7, 4%. The extractive industry ended 2013 with a negative result (99.8%). Traditionally, agriculture in Vietnam is the most vulnerable sector of the economy, which is most susceptible to the negative impacts of the global market and natural disasters. Protracted adverse weather conditions during the reporting period increased the instability of production and further contributed to the reduction in the volume of the cost of manufactured products.

In 2013, the value of agricultural, forestry and fishery products produced amounted to 38 billion US dollars (in 2010 prices), which is 2.95% more than in 2012. Including, agriculture itself produced products worth 27 billion .USD.

The growth rate of agriculture – 3% in the reporting period decreased compared to 2012, when the volume of production registered an increase of 3.4% compared to 2011. The main reason is insufficient public funding and low level of investment. The share of foreign direct investment in agriculture in 2013 was only 3% of the total foreign direct investment (FDI).

The full name is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV). The state structure is a republic. The country is divided into 50 provinces, 3 municipalities.

Independence received on September 2, 1945 from France, this day is celebrated as a national holiday. Executive power belongs to the president (head of state), the prime minister (head of government - the Council of Ministers). Legislative power is exercised by a unicameral parliament - the National Assembly. The ruling party, the Communist Party of Vietnam, is the only political party in the country. SRV is a parliamentary republic. The highest body of legislative power is the unicameral National Assembly, to which 500 deputies are elected for 5 years. Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam - Nguyen Shinh Hung (elected in 2011).

The culture of Vietnam is unique and original, the process of its development has been going on for the third millennium. The Vietnamese nation originated among the lagoons and swamps of the Red River Delta (Red River) approximately 4000 years ago. For most of its independent existence, it has been governed from Hanoi, the small, elegant capital of Vietnam, which lies in the heart of the northern delta. Four great philosophies and religions have shaped the spiritual life of the Vietnamese people: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Christianity. The Vietnamese got acquainted with Confucianism and Taoism thanks to the Chinese. Along with Buddhism and Hinduism, which were brought here by Indian traders, these religious and philosophical teachings also largely determined the cultural development of Vietnam. For centuries, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism were intertwined with Chinese folk beliefs, ancient Vietnamese animistic views, resulting in what is called Tam Jao (Triple Religion). The official language in the country is Vietnamese (kinh). Different regions also have dialects spoken by various ethnic minorities. In some parts of the country, Khmer and Lao are spoken. The developed types of art include: traditional painting on silk; an eclectic form of theatre, including drama, puppetry, music and dance; religious sculpture; lacquer miniatures and ceramics

The territory of Vietnam has always been under the influence of three religious movements - Confucianism, Hinduism and Buddhism. Therefore, the Vietnamese mentality is prone to religious syncretism. Village temples feature local patron spirits, as well as the obligatory Buddha, Bodhisattva, Confucius and other religious and historical characters. Such an eclectic neighborhood does not seem strange to the Vietnamese. Village houses usually have at least two altars. The first is dedicated to the ancestors - patrons, the second - to some deity.

The desire of the Vietnamese for a syncretic understanding of different religious movements led to the emergence of two sects, combining elements of European and Eastern religious philosophy. The first of them was called "Kaodai" (kaodaism), which means "supreme palace" in translation. The second sect called hohao ("Harmony and nobility") focused on the ideas of Taoism and Buddhism.

A feature of the local religious consciousness is the cult of ancestors and the belief that the spirits of ancestors live in the same world with the living and are able to influence events. Most Vietnamese believe that ancestors take a direct part in all the affairs of their descendants - first of all, protecting them and warning them of imminent danger. Keeping the memory of your ancestors and honoring them in every possible way is considered in this country the moral duty of every person.

Vietnam celebrates many religious and national holidays. The largest religious holiday is the Vietnamese New Year, Tet Nguyen Dan. Also, the Giong Festival, the Marble Mountain Festival and folk song festivals are especially revered by the locals. At this time, various festivities and puppet theater performances take place in the country. Also important holidays for all Vietnamese are the Day of the Wandering Souls and the Feast of the Remembrance of the Dead. These holidays are celebrated according to the lunar calendar.

National holidays directly reflect the most significant events in the annals of Vietnam. These are the Founding Day of the Vietnamese Communist Party, Liberation Day, Ho Chi Minh's Birthday, International Labor Day, Nation's Day, Youth Day and Defender of the Fatherland Day. Of the sporting events, it is worth highlighting the Sinh wrestling festival, elephant racing, traditional bullfights, the Doi wrestling festival, bullock racing and cockfights.

Vietnamese cuisine is very diverse and includes more than 500 national dishes. Traditional dishes include exotic meats and delicious vegetarian options. The basis of Vietnamese cuisine is white rice, richly seasoned with vegetables, fish, meat, spices and sauce. Spices in Vietnamese cuisine are soft and savory: mint leaves, coriander, basil, ginger. Each region of the country has its own culinary pride. The north is famous for its unique soup - noodles, seafood and fried meat dishes. In the south, delicious seafood dishes are prepared - crabs, lobsters, squids and a wide variety of fish. The central part of the country is famous for its complex dishes, which are prepared according to extremely complex and ancient recipes.

The most popular dishes are noodles with sliced ​​pork, eggs, chicken and shrimp, clams with sea crabs, fried with salt. For cooking are used: duck, pork, fish, spices, vegetables and fruits, crab meat, lobster and oysters. Buns, pasta, boiled rice dumplings are very popular. Of the first courses, you should try eel soup, vermicelli soup, with minced chicken and bitter soup. There are a lot of various original fruits: dragon fruit, zhajabe, khaki, longan, pomela, three-pitted cherry and water apple. Among the drinks, rice wine and numerous wines made from apricot, orange and lemon are very popular. Vietnamese coffee (ca fe fin) is delicious; it is usually prepared very strong and very sweet.

vietnamese dwelling

A traditional Vietnamese dwelling should fit into the overall picture of village life: it is separate from others, but at the same time it is part of a common whole; it does not depend on anyone and at the same time is part of the village community. The walls separating the passages between the houses create a kind of closed world of the family living in this house, but at the same time they are "open" to the relationship of the whole village.

There are many different types of structure in a traditional Vietnamese dwelling, but the most common are two types: T-shaped architecture (hình thước thợ) (main room and outbuilding) - this type is common in the lowlands of northern Vietnam; architecture in the form of the hieroglyph "Môn" (the main room is located in the middle, and on the sides there are two outbuildings).

wedding ceremony

The Vietnamese have a lot of relatives, so most often the wedding stretches for a week, first congratulations from the bride's relatives, then the groom's relatives congratulate. Matchmaking is a fairly common ritual, and Vietnam is no exception. The groom and matchmakers spend money on gifts for the bride and her relatives. Vietnamese brides accept all kinds of sweets as a gift, the obligatory gift is a coconut palm branch - a symbol of love in this country. After the matchmaking, the groom must move to the bride's house and live there for about 3 years, but increasingly, under the influence of European views on life, this rule is becoming a thing of the past.

Since the Vietnamese wedding lasts for a week, and the country has a hot climate, much attention is paid to the choice of outfits for the bride. Since the wedding consists of several stages (registration at the city administration, temple, wedding walk, meeting guests), the bride has to change her outfit quite often.

After a half-hour wedding ceremony in the temple, a young couple invites guests to a gala dinner. If the wedding takes place in a Vietnamese village, then the feast is organized in a specially decorated tent. If the conditions are urban, then more often young people opt for small restaurants.

Wedding transport in Vietnam has recently been a rickshaw, even the wealthy part of the Vietnamese do not skimp on using the services of "cabbies".

The Vietnamese wedding menu is quite diverse, starting with traditional rice, ending with the sea - food, drinks - vodka, beer. Pepsi is very popular. People who have visited Vietnamese weddings, They say that some of the dishes of the wedding dinner are prepared by the guests themselves, due to the fact that there are a lot of guests, sometimes several "streams", the bride and groom do not have time to pay due attention to everyone. But only those dishes that do not require special preparation are cooked this way. Large containers with boiling oil are placed on the wedding table and the guests lower some kind of “yummy” on their own, most often it is sea food.

A few words about gifts ... Most often it is souvenirs, gold jewelry, paintings depicting a dragon and a phoenix are symbols of happiness and prosperity. But according to tradition, in addition to gifts and flowers, it is customary to present watermelon seeds - a symbol of fertility.

The most important tradition Vietnam can be considered - a holy attitude towards ancestors and towards their culture, therefore, if European views on life influence the rules and laws of Vietnam, then this influence is not significant. The attitude towards the family in this country remains unchanged for a long time.

New Year

Vietnamese Tet (New Year) takes place on the 1st of the lunar calendar, not the solar calendar. Tet is a very multifaceted concept: it is also preparation for the meeting of the new and seeing off the old year, full of joyful fuss, purchases and preparations; these are traditional rituals and ceremonies, games and competitions, musical and costume performances held before and after the start of the new year according to the lunar calendar; this is a very special state of people, when it seems that everything bad and sad remains in the old year, and the new one will bring only everything good and kind.

Depending on the phases of the moon, this holiday falls at the end of January - the beginning of February. Each year of the 12-year lunar cycle corresponds to a mythical creature, animal, reptile or bird, symbolizing the stages of the closed circle of life.

The Vietnamese New Year - Tet - has centuries-old traditions. Exactly at midnight, festive fireworks explode the sky of Hanoi and Haiphong, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City. In temples and pagodas, beats of copper bells and the sound of wooden armchairs sound. Young people carry painted paper and cardboard dragons through the streets and squares. The festive decoration is dominated by red and yellow colors. Tet lasts for four days.

Firstly, it is considered honorable to spend New Year's Eve in the company of a gray-haired man who is over 70 years old. In the morning you should go in search of a flower with dew drops on the petals, pick a branch of a peach tree, give gifts to children. By following these rituals, evil will never enter your home. But the most important thing on New Year's days is not to wish misfortune to another: observance of good rules will give peace and happiness to you and your loved ones. Even in the most difficult years, cakes and pies are always put on the festive table - bantung and banzei, having the shape of a circle and a square. They mean heaven and earth, and together - the world under a common roof.

On the second day of Tet, on the territory of the oldest temple in Indochina, Van Mieu, the most cheerful and fierce cockfights flare up. On the Lake of the Returned Sword in Hanoi, the water puppet theater gives performances - a unique folklore troupe, the only one in the world. In the historic center of Hanoi, on Hangluok Street, old people kindly offer long bamboo poles. They must be "planted" in front of the entrance to the house - they will block the way for evil spirits.

Tet is also a festival of flowers. Matcha is considered the most festive flower - a sunny flower, or oriental "aster". And these flowers, says the folk wisdom of the East, should be as many as there are people on Earth.

Tet has an ancient history, like the country of Vietnam itself. In Tet, people return to their origins, their ancestors. Everyone is trying to return home even from a distance of thousands of kilometers, in order to be sure to be at home, in the family circle.

There are many customs during the celebration of Tet, especially on the first of January of the lunar year. As soon as the twelfth hour of the night has come - this time is called "Zyao Tkhia" (means "meeting of times") - children, grandchildren congratulate grandparents, parents on the New Year, wish longevity and good health and prosperity. Then adults congratulate children and give money for happiness. How much money doesn't matter. Most importantly: the money must be new (new banknotes or new coins). They must be packed in new red bags (either paper or fabric) with a red bow. On subsequent holidays, adult relatives, friends, familiar families come to visit and can also give money for the well-being of children. The custom of giving money to children on New Year's Day is obligatory these days, and not a single New Year in Vietnam passes without observing this custom. According to tradition, the Vietnamese believe that giving children some money is like the beginning of “prasadam” in the New Year, so that this beginning is multiplied many times over.

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