Detailed map of Bavaria in Russian. Bavaria. Local Government Authorities

What is a Bavarian ticket, how much does it cost in 2017, where is it valid and where can I buy it?

Bavaria is not only one of the most economically developed and rich in attractions, but also the largest federal state in Germany in terms of area. To give travelers the opportunity to embrace the immensity, Deutsche Bahn offers passengers a Bavarian ticket with the right to unlimited use of Bavarian transport for a certain time.

Starting at the northern spurs of the Alps, this region stretches right up to the outskirts of Frankfurt am Main. And in terms of tourist attractiveness, this land surpasses many European countries. Munich, Nuremberg, the Alps, the Danube, thousands of mountain lakes, the Romantic Road, Regensburg, Würzburg, Neuschweinstein Castle - all this is Bavaria! And the Bavarian ticket is a great opportunity to save money and at the same time travel in comfort for those who want to see everything to the maximum!

Transport in Germany is not only very convenient, but also very affordable. It is no secret that in each federal state Deutsche Bahn gives you the opportunity to take advantage of a special offer - a land ticket, which allows you to travel throughout the region without restrictions for a whole day.

Bavaria is no exception Bayern Ticket. It includes unlimited travel on local trains and all types of public transport for a group of people from 1 to 5 people.

That is, with such a ticket you can ride on any train between cities and on any city bus, tram and metro, including Munich public transport.

On weekdays, the ticket is valid from 9 am to 3 am the next day, on weekends and holidays all day from 00:00, and expires at 03:00 the next day.

There is also a Bavarian night ticket ( Bayern Ticket Nacht), valid from 18:00 to 06:00 or 07:00 depending on the day of the week.

There is also "extended version Bavarian ticket - the so-called Bayern-Böhmen Ticket(Bavarian-Bohemian ticket). It gives you the opportunity to travel to some cities in the Czech Republic, including the stunning Cesky Krumlov. You can also take it to the famous balneological resort of Karlovy Vary and even to the Czech Switzerland National Park in the picturesque Elbe Valley.

The ticket is valid from 9 am to midnight on all modes of transport, as usual, as well as on trains of several categories of the Czech Railways (ČD), with the exception of high-speed ones.

How much is a Bayern ticket in 2017

Note that traveling on such a ticket alone is not so profitable - it's all about the formula for calculating its cost:

• in the second class: for the first passenger 25 € and for each subsequent passenger 6 € (for example, a ticket for three will cost 37 euros);
• in first class: for the first passenger 37.5€ and for each subsequent passenger 18.5€ (for example, a ticket for four will cost 93€).

As for the night ticket, for the first passenger the ticket price is 23€ in the first class and 34.5€ in the second class, while the second and subsequent passengers will cost 3€ (and 14.5€ in the first class). Transport in many cities and between them runs almost around the clock, especially on weekends, which, you see, is very convenient.

The cost of the Bavarian-Bohemian ticket in 2017 slightly higher than the standard year - 26 € for the first passenger and 5.6 € for each subsequent passenger.

As for children, children under 5 years old can travel for free throughout Germany. When purchasing a land ticket, one of the passengers (whose name appears first on the ticket or in whose name the ticket was purchased) has the right to bring all their children and grandchildren aged 6 to 14 with them at no extra charge.

If children of different parents are traveling with you, then when checking it is better to say that they are all yours in order to avoid unnecessary questions. Interestingly, dogs, which require a separate ticket due to their size, can also be included in the number of passengers on a Bavarian ticket.

Validity area of ​​the Bavarian ticket

Bavarian ticket (day and night)

In Germany

Bayern Ticket allows you to visit the vast majority of must see objects on the territory of this German state. Using a Bavarian ticket to, you can travel around all the famous pubs and palaces in the vicinity of the city, and in Nuremberg see with your own eyes the medieval Burg and remains of buildings from the Nazi period.

It is very convenient to get by train from Munich to the main gems of the Romantic Road - which you will never forget! And, of course, you can not go to the old city Regensburg included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

It is here that you can fully enjoy the diversity of wonderful natural landscapes. Choose any southern direction to be in Bavarian Alps. A if this seems not enough, then admire the Austrian ones directly from the territory of Tyrol.

City Lindau on the famous lake constance attracts with its serenity and comfort. Right on the water surface, the borders of three countries converge: Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

The real mecca of winter sports is Garmisch-Partenkirchen, A Allgäu famous not only for its beautiful green meadows and cows with a bell, but also as the birthplace of biathlete Magdalena Neuner.

At the box office, a ticket will cost 2€ more than online or in vending machines.

If you want to buy a Bavarian ticket online, you must first select the type of ticket - day or night. Next, select the number of passengers, Day of Validity– the day on which this ticket will be valid. You can immediately buy several tickets for different dates by clicking the button Additional Ticket.

Here we are asked to choose one of three - go to the site with your username and password (if you are already registered), register or continue without registering. If you rarely travel to Germany, we choose the friction option.

If you are not registered in the system, then you can buy a ticket only for yourself and your company. If you want to buy a ticket for people you won't be traveling with, you need to register.

We enter all the data, confirm the payment and receive a ticket by mail - the purchase is completed.

Do I need to write the names of other passengers on a Bavarian ticket?

If you buy a ticket online, then you will receive a ticket like this in the mail. You do not need to enter the names of fellow travelers, however, the controller may ask you to do this in front of him so that you do not give the ticket to someone else. In case it is better to have your passport ready to verify the data

If you buy a ticket at the box office, then two options are possible: the ticket will have lines for the names of fellow travelers, or it will only be. It all depends on the place of purchase.

If there are no lines for other passengers, do not worry - this is not a mistake! Controllers are familiar with all types of tickets and will ask you to enter names if they need it.

You do not need to validate the ticket in advance, the controller does it himself when checking the tickets.

To avoid trouble, it is better to ask the driver or employees in advance at the entrance to any type of transport whether it is possible to travel on a Bavarian ticket. Or at least just show the ticket - where it is valid, you will be immediately confirmed.

It is especially important to check this when using cable cars and all types of water transport. Although some intercity buses may have separate tickets. In general, a single ticket will allow you to use the metro, trams, buses and trains throughout Bavaria!

Bavaria(German Bayern) - a land in the south and southeast of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is the largest land area in Germany. Administrative division: seven administrative districts - Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia, Upper Palatinate, Lower Bavaria, Upper Bavaria, Swabia. The capital is the city of Munich. The basis of the population is made up of four nationalities - Bavarians, Franconians, Swabians and Sudeten Germans.

Geography

Landscape

The main cities of Bavaria are Munich, Nuremberg, Augsburg, Würzburg and Regensburg. In the east, Bavaria includes part of the Franconian Forest, the Fichtel mountains, parts of the Oberpfelzer Wald and Böhmerwald forests, the Alps in the south, the Swabian state of Stufenland in the west and the Spessart and Rhön in the north.

In Bavaria there are three parts of the great German landscapes: the German part of northern Kalkalpen and the foothills of the Alps with its attractive lakes; Danube and German midlands with diverse landscapes.

Danube in Bavaria

There are many rivers in Bavaria, most of which are connected to the Danube. In the north-west of Bavaria, the Main River flows with tributaries, the Saale River originates from the slopes of the Franconian Forest and the Fichtelgebirge. The Rhine and Danube basins were united in 1992 by the Rhine-Main-Danube canal.

The Danube is the second largest river in Europe after the Volga. The river bed is in some places protected by dams to support navigation.

Bavaria is the land of lakes. About 1600 lakes are concentrated mainly in the foothills of the Alps. The largest are Chiemsee, Ammersee, Lake Starnberg, Tegernsee, Königssee; the deepest is Walchensee (192 m).

There are many small karst caves and vertical karst mines in the Franconian Alb and in the south in the Bavarian Alps. The deepest mine is Geburtstagsschacht (Geburtstagsschacht, depth 698 m). The largest cave in Bavaria is the Salzgrabenhöhle (7800 m).

Lake Constance. In the background - Switzerland

Border

The border of Bavaria in total is 2705 km.

History of Bavaria

Ancient history before 1180

The oldest inhabitants of the ancient Bavarian lands were of Celtic origin, with an admixture of the Etruscans in the south, namely: vindeliki on a flat hill to Inn, in the east - taurisks, in the Alps - reta, and in the north the tribes boii, whose main residence from 365 BC. e. was Bohemia.

For a more successful defense of Gaul against the invasions of the barbarians, Augustus instructed his generals, Drusus and Tiberius, to conquer these countries and arranged two provinces from them: Rhaetia, with the main city of Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg), and Noricum. The Inna current served as the boundary between them. But already in the III century, the tranquility of both provinces, which eventually took on a completely Roman character, began to be threatened by the movements of the Germanic tribes. In the 5th century they were temporarily occupied by the Heruli, Rugs and Skirs, forced out of their dwellings on the Danube by the invasion of the Huns. The ensuing anarchy led to the fact that the country fell under the rule first of the Ostrogoths, and then, between 530-540, of the Frankish kings of Austrasia. But even before that, at the beginning of the 6th century, new aliens established themselves in it, mainly tribes of the Marcomanni and Quads, who lived in Bohemia (Bojohemum) and brought the name Bavaria (Bajuwarii) from there. At the head of them, from the middle of the VI century, were the dukes from the Agilolfing family.

The duchy occupied the area between the Lech and Enns rivers, the Fichtel mountains and the Trent Alps. The first duke whose name is mentioned in history was Garibald I (d. 590), who had his residence in Regensburg. Having united with the Lombards against the rule of the Franks, he was defeated by the latter and forced to ask for peace. He was succeeded by his kinsman, Tassilon I (d. 612), who marked himself for the first time that he opened hostilities against the Slavs and their allies, the Avars. Under his son, Garibald II (d. about 630), the Bavarians received from the Frankish king Dagobert the first written laws (lex Bajuwariorum, between 628-638). At his invitation, St. Eustachius and Agil and preached Christianity there. Christianity was finally introduced under Theodon II (d. 716/718) by the Frankish missionaries Rupert, Emmeram and Korbinian.

Duke Odilon (736-748), son-in-law of Charles Martel, formally assumed the royal title, but his attempt to overthrow the supreme power of the Frankish kings ended in his being deposed by Carloman and Pepin. Under him, Archbishop Saint Boniface divided the Bavarian church into 4 bishoprics: Salzburg, Passau, Regensburg and Freising; at the same time, several monasteries were founded.

Tassilon III (748-788) was forced to take an oath of allegiance to Pepin the Short at the state diet in Compiègne, and received from him his hereditary possessions in flax. But later he broke this oath and united with his father-in-law, the Lombard king Desiderius and the Duke of Aquitaine against the Franks. After the overthrow of Desiderius, Charlemagne turned on his ally and, by threat of war, forced him to renew his oath at Worms and hand over the hostages. Tassilon, however, did not obey and entered into relations with the Avars, for which he was summoned in 788 to the state diet in Ingelheim, convicted of perjury to death and, together with his whole family, was imprisoned in a monastery, where his family died out. Bavaria, although it still remained a duchy and retained its ancient laws, was divided into several small districts, subordinate, like other areas of the state, to the administration of counts. Thus, Bavaria became a province of the Frankish state and received the same political organization as it.

Bavaria in the 10th century

During the division of the state undertaken by Charlemagne, Bavaria, together with Italy, went to his second son Pepin, who died while his father was still alive. Louis the Pious, who succeeded Charlemagne, first transferred control to his eldest son Lothair with the title of king, but with a new division in 817, it passed to Louis II, later nicknamed German, who called himself rex Bojoariorum and chose Regensburg as his residence. Louis continuously fought with the Slavic peoples, causing much harm with his frequent raids. Meanwhile, the temporal power of the bishops was gradually strengthened, and the power of the palatine counts, who ruled as governors, increased. After the death of Louis the German (876), his son Carloman became king of Bavaria, which at that time also included Carinthia, Carniola, Istria, Friul, Pannonia, Bohemia and Moravia.

Germany in 919-1125

Carlomann was succeeded (879) by his younger brother Louis III "and after his death (881) by the second brother Charles III the Fat, who, having received 884 and the crown of France, thus united all the states of Charles V under his rule. After him, she passed (887) to the illegitimate son of Carlomann Arnulf, and then (899) to his son Louis the Child, during whose reign Bavaria suffered a lot from the attacks of the Hungarians.With Louis the Child, the Carolingian clan ceased (911), and the Bavarians elected their duke the son of Margrave Luitpold, Arnulf II the Evil, known for his enmity with Emperor Conrad I. His son After his death, Otto I the Great took Bavaria from Arnulf's son, Eberhard, passing it to his uncle, Berthold (d. 947), and then to his brother Heinrich I, appointing Eberhard's brother, Arnulf, as count palatine of Bavaria.This gave rise to internal strife, which made Bavaria the theater of devastating wars.Using the uprising that broke out against the emperor and Duke Henry, Arnulf tried again to take possession of his hereditary duchy of Bavaria, and called for the help of the Hungarians, who invaded B., devastated it, but were defeated by Otto on the Lechfeld. Henry I was succeeded by his son Henry II the Shrew, one of the most educated princes of that time and an implacable enemy of Otto II, who took B. from him and handed it over to Otto Swabian(d. 982). After the death of Otto II, Henry again received the duchy of B., which after him (995) passed to his son "Henry IV, who later became the emperor of Germany under the name of Henry II. With his death, an almost 200-year period begins in the history of Bavaria, during which the country had to endure a lot, both from the Crusades, which deprived it of a significant part of the population, and from the eternal change of dukes, then appointed, then again expelled by the emperors, and who, with their mutual strife, did not allow her to calm down.Finally, after the expulsion of Henry XII Leo (the founder of Munich), Bavaria passed (1180) to the Palatinate Otto of Wittelsbach, the ancestor of the Bavarian and Palatinate houses.

Henry the Lion's dominions

Duke Otto of Wittelsbach

Duke Otto of Wittelsbach (died in 1183) and his active successor Ludwig I significantly expanded their hereditary possessions, and the latter, in addition, received the Rhine Palatinate from Emperor Frederick II. Ludwig mind. in 1231 from a blow with a dagger inflicted on him by some unknown person on the Kelheim bridge (hence its name L. Kelgeimsky); Bavaria owes him the founding of the city of Landshut.

Bavaria and its neighbors in 1378

The reign of his son Otto the Most Serene(1231-1253), was marked by internal strife over the secular power of the bishops, who were striving for complete independence. For his commitment to the emperor, he was excommunicated by the pope from the church. his sons, Ludwig II the Severe and Henry XIII, ruled together for two years, but in 1255 they divided the country among themselves, and Ludwig received Upper Bavaria with Munich, the Rhine Palatinate and the title of elector, and Henry, whose line ceased a few years later, became the ruler of Lower Bavaria with the main city of Landsgut. In addition, both brothers inherited the unfortunate Konradin of Hohenstaufen. One of the two sons of Ludwig II (d. 1253), Ludwig, was elected emperor under the name Louis IV of Bavaria. In 1329, he concluded a separate treaty with his brother's sons in Pavia, under which the latter were granted the Rhine Palatinate and the Upper Palatinate; both parties lost the right to alienate their possessions and inherit in the female line, while the title of elector had to belong to both in turn. However, the last decree was canceled by the Golden Bull (1356), which presented the electoral dignity to the House of the Palatinate. Thus, two main lines of the Wittelsbach house arose: the Palatinate and the Bavarian. Upon the termination of the Lower Bavaria line, Emperor Louis, with the consent of the estates, annexed Lower Bavaria to Upper Bavaria. B. also owes him many improvements in internal management; thus, he granted city rights to Munich, issued a civil code for Upper Bavaria and new judicial laws for Lower Bavaria Louis (d. 1347) left behind six sons and a rich inheritance, to which, in addition to Bavaria, Brandenburg, the provinces of Zeeland, Tyrol, etc. But these outer possessions were soon lost, and strife and civil strife began between the individual lines, ending in 1505 with the union of most of the ancient Bavarian lands in the hands of Albrecht IV.

In the XIV century, the beginning was laid for the gradual development of the estate state system of Bavaria, since, taking advantage of the difficulties and strife of their princes, the nobility and cities extorted various rights and benefits from them, meeting with the support of the owners of spiritual principalities and property. Estates (prelates, knights, and cities) met whenever they pleased, and, moreover, either in the form of a “sejm” (connected estates), or in the form of separate estates, each of which formed its own special union. The general state laws were previously discussed by the permanent estate commission, together with the duke's advisers, and then submitted to the final approval of the Sejm. The distribution of approved taxes was again made by the estates, which collected and spent them through their people, and not through the ducal officials. The estate constitution of Bavaria had to endure a severe crisis at the beginning of the reign of Duke Albrecht IV, whose absolutist encroachments provoked vigorous resistance from the Lower Bavaria officials, which amounted to open rebellion. In 1506, the estates of Lower and Upper Bavaria merged into one class assembly, and Duke Albrecht, realizing all the harm of the fragmentation into appanages that had hitherto existed, made them recognize the unity and inseparability of the state and the order of succession to the throne by birthright. According to this, of his three sons: Wilhelm IV, Ludwig and Ernst, only Wilhelm was to succeed him; but after his death (1508) strife began, leading to the joint rule of Wilhelm and Ludwig.

German states in 1648

Both of them offered the most resolute opposition to the Reformation, which found numerous adherents in Bavaria, and in 1541 called the Jesuits into the country. Wilhelm died in 1550. His son Albrecht V the Magnanimous was also a friend of the Jesuits, but at the same time patronized the sciences and arts. Of his three sons, he was succeeded in 1579 by William V the Pious, who in 1597 was forced by the Sejm to transfer the government to his eldest son Maximilian I and retire to a monastery. Maximilian I, endowed with rare abilities, was the soul of the league formed against the Protestant Union. During the Thirty Years' War, Emperor Ferdinand II granted him (1623) the Electorate of the Palatinate and gave him the Upper Palatinate as a pledge for military expenses. The Peace of Westphalia strengthened for Maximilian I the title of the fifth elector and possession of the Upper Palatinate, at the same time, the eighth Electorship was established for the Palatinate line and the right of inheritance to B. was approved for it, in the event of the termination of Wilhelm's offspring. Maximilian mind. 27 Sept. 1651 after 55 years of reign. Under his peaceful and thrifty successor, Ferdinand Maria, the Bavarian Sejm met for the last time, not distinguished by its crowds; from that time on, all the rights of the Sejm passed to a permanent estate commission, called the Estates Council (Landschafts Verordnung), originally elected only for 9 years. Ferdinand Maria was succeeded in 1679 by his son, Maximilian II Emanuel, who took the French side in the War of the Spanish Succession. As a result, after the Battle of Hochstedt (1701), the emperor treated B. as a conquered country: Maximilian was declared a traitor and deprived of his rights, which were returned to him only by the Peace of Baden in 1714. He was succeeded in 1726 by Carl Albrecht. Based on the marriage contract between Duke Albrecht V and his wife Anna, daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I, also supported by the latter's will, after the death of Charles VI, he laid claim to most of the Austrian inheritance and began a war against Maria Theresa. Assisted by the French army, he conquered all of Upper Austria, proclaimed himself King of Bohemia after the conquest of Prague, and in 1742 was elected German emperor in Frankfurt under the name of Charles VII. But that was the end of his triumph. Austria occupied Bavaria with its troops, and Karl Albrecht, who hastened to Munich, died suddenly on January 20, 1745.

Maximilian Joseph

His son and heir Maximilian Joseph, made peace with Austria in Füssen, 22 Apr. 1745, recognizing the Pragmatic Sanction, and in return receiving back all the Bavarian lands conquered by Austria. Sincerely imbued with the desire to see his country happy, he turned all his attention to the improvement of agriculture, handicrafts, mining, justice, police, finance and public education. He established the Academy of Sciences in Munich (1759) and generously patronized the arts. Being childless, he confirmed all existing hereditary contracts with the house of the Electors of the Palatinate. Both under the treaties of the House of Wittelsbach, and according to the definitions of the Peace of Westphalia, the Elector of the Palatinate undoubtedly owned the rights of inheritance to Bavaria, when, with the death of Maximilian Joseph on 30 December. 1777 Wittelsbach line died out. But unexpectedly for everyone, Austria made claims to Lower Bavaria and occupied several districts. Heir and successor of Miximilian Joseph, childless Carl Theodor(see this next), having surrendered to the exhortations of Emperor Joseph II, he signed an agreement on January 3 and 14, 1778, in which he promised Austria the concession of Lower Bavaria, the possession of Mindelheim and the Bohemian fiefs in the Upper Palatinate. But Duke Karl of Zweibrücken, as the closest agnate and probable heir of Bavaria, declared himself against this concession, prompted to do so by the Prussian king Frederick II. This was the reason for the so-called War of the Bavarian Succession, which, however, ended without bloodshed in the Peace of Teschen in 1779, mainly due to the intervention of Russia, which spoke out against Austria. The undisputed possession of Bavaria was secured for the Elector of the Palatinate-Bavarian, with the exception of the Inn Quarter with Brunau (38 sq. miles), which was ceded to Austria. At the same time, according to the decrees of the Peace of Westphalia, the eighth electorship ceased to exist.

New story

Bavaria and its neighbors in 1786

Carl Theodor died 16 Feb. 1799 With him, the Neuburg-Salzbach line of the reigning dynasty died out and the elector's dignity passed to the Zweibrücken line. duke Charles died back in 1795, leaving no children behind, and therefore the board passed to his brother, Maximilian IV Joseph. The latter immediately confirmed (patent dated February 16, 1799) the rights of the country in estates, but at the same time flatly refused to convene a general diet and, through his minister Mongel, introduced a system of so-called enlightened despotism. A series of measures followed that ushered in a new era: softening censorship, limiting the power of the clergy in secular affairs, and abolishing monasteries. But all this was not without violence and the plunder of public goods. According to the Peace of Luneville (February 4, 1801), Bavaria lost the entire Rhine Palatinate, the duchies of Zweibrücken and Jülich, but received a rich reward for this, namely the bishopric of Würzburg, Bamberg, Freising and Augsburg, part of Passau, together with 12 abbeys and 17 imperial cities , including Ulm, Kempten, Memmingen, Nördlingen and Schweinfurt. Bavaria thus acquired 60 sq. m. miles and about 110,000 inhabitants. By the Treaty of Pressburg, the territory of Bavaria was increased by another 500 square meters. miles and per million inhabitants. Among the new acquisitions were Tyrol, Vorarlberg, the Margraviate of Burgau, the Principality of Eichstät, the Margraviate of Ansbach, in return for which Würzburg went to the former Grand Duke of Tuscany, and the Duchy of Berg to France. From the hands of a foreign conqueror, the elector received sovereign power and a royal title, which he adopted on January 1. 1806 under the name Maximilian Joseph I. Following this, he became the head of those German sovereign princes who, on July 12, 1806, signed the act establishing the Confederation of the Rhine, assuming an obligation in case of war to field a contingent of 30,000 soldiers for the French emperor. Soon the imperial city of Nuremberg was annexed to the new kingdom; the same fate befell the enclaves. The old estate system was actually abolished, and the government arbitrarily arrogated to itself the right to levy taxes. The formal abolition of the old constitution was followed on May 1, 1808, by the proclamation of a new, granted constitution, which, although it promised equality before the law, equality of taxation, freedom of conscience and general rather than estate representation, everything remained only on paper.

For participation in the campaign of 1809 against Austria, Bavaria was rewarded with the Principality of Regensburg, the Margraviates of Bayreuth, Salzburg, Berchtesgaden, yielding, for its part, South Tyrol, Ulm and some other districts. Bavaria had at that time 3 million 300 thousand inhabitants. In the Russian campaign of 1812, the Bavarian contingent of 30,000 people. almost all died of cold and hunger. In 1813 she put up a new army under the command of Napoleon and at the same time concentrated an observation corps on the Austrian border. But, seeing the danger of Napoleon's position, the Bavarian government immediately changed its policy. 10 days before the decisive battle of Leipzig, she withdrew from the Confederation of the Rhine and concluded an agreement with Austria, according to which, for the cession of Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Salzburg, the Inn Quarter, etc., all other possessions were secured for her, along with Würzburg, Aschaffenburg and some part of the left bank of the Rhine, which now forms the Bavarian Palatinate. Since then, Bavaria went over to the side of the Allies and participated in the campaigns of 1814 and 1815. At the Congress of Vienna, its territorial relations were finally streamlined, and the rights of an autocratic sovereign were recognized for the Bavarian king. During all this time, during which the wise and energetic, but not alien to violence, minister, Montgelas, ruled more than the kind and little thrifty King Maximilian Joseph, many French institutions were planted in Bavaria, and, moreover, not always the best. On the other hand, enlightenment and education have undoubtedly made progress, although rather one-sided. At the Congress of Vienna, and also after the fall of Montgel (1817), the Bavarian government jealously guarded its sovereign privileges, and this was one of the reasons for the failure of all the then attempts to unite Germany on broader grounds than could be achieved by a federal constitution. May 26, 1818 was followed by the promulgation of the constitution, which in essential terms has survived to this day. It was a granted constitution. By virtue of it, Bavaria was to remain forever an independent state, not merging with any other monarchy. All citizens of the state must equally bear social burdens and equally enjoy personal freedom. At the same time, freedom of conscience and the press was proclaimed, the latter with certain limitations. Legislative power is vested in the king in conjunction with two chambers: state councilors and the chamber of deputies. The latter is elected for a 6-year term and must be convened every three years for two months. The proposal of laws can only come from the king, and the decisions of the chambers are valid only after the approval of the supreme authority. On the other hand, all decrees concerning property rights and taxes can only be made with the participation and approval of the chambers. The promulgation of the constitution was preceded by the publication of an edict on the organization of communities on fairly liberal grounds for that time. At the same time, a concordat with the Roman curia was concluded, which was included in the constitution. Already at the first Diet in 1819, the House of Representatives showed courage, ability and practical sense. The Seimas of 1822 and 1825 were mainly occupied with debates on finances, accompanied by many revelations unpleasant for the government, as well as discussion of new customs legislation, improvement of the judiciary, establishment of a redemption fund, mitigation of shop and other restrictions, etc.

Reign of Ludwig I 1825-1848

After the death of Maximilian I, on October 13, 1825, his son ascended the throne, who began to rule under the name Ludwig I. He went down in history as the patron of sciences and arts. In 1826, he transferred the university, which is now known as the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, from Landshut to Munich, reorganized the Academy of Arts. Under his leadership, Munich began to turn into a "second Athens". However, the king's undertakings required huge expenses, which was not particularly sympathetic to the members of the Chamber of Deputies. This, plus the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France, caused the originally liberal king to become a reactionary.

In 1837, the ultramontants came to power, and Carl von Abel became the first minister. The Jesuits began to play the first violin in the country, the persecution of Protestants began, one after another, liberal articles were removed from the Constitution. At the same time, Ludwig was sympathetic to the Greek uprising, and agreed to the election of his son, Otto, as the Greek king, which was very expensive for the Bavarian treasury, who was forced to support the king of the devastated country.

However, it was not popular protests that led to the collapse of the clerical regime in Bavaria, but the love affairs of the king. In 1846 he came under the strong influence of the Irish adventuress Eliza Gilbert, posing as "the Spanish dancer Lola Montes," who was said to have succeeded in "defeating Loyola," that is, overthrowing Abel's clerical ministry, and then Maurer's moderate ministry. The first minister was Prince Ludwig von Oettingen-Wallenstein, whose office became known as the "Ministry of Lola". The new First Minister tried to win the sympathy of the liberals by appealing to pan-Germanism, but was never able to form a functioning government.

Revolution of 1848-1849

In 1848, news of the revolution in France led to popular unrest. On March 11, the king dismissed the first minister, and on March 20, realizing the degree of popular indignation at his rule, he abdicated himself. His son, Maximilian II, became the new king.

As early as March 6, 1848, Ludwig I issued a proclamation in which he promised that the Bavarian government would act for the sake of the freedom and unity of Germany. Acting in the spirit of this proclamation, Maximilian II recognized the authority of the German Parliament convened in Frankfurt, and on December 19 issued a decree on the operation in Bavaria of all laws adopted by the German Parliament. However, the primacy among the German states increasingly began to pass to Prussia, and not to Austria. Maximilian was supported by parliament when he refused to agree to a proposal to give the imperial crown to the Prussian king Frederick William IV. However, Maximilian went against the will of the people, refusing to support the draft German Constitution, when it turned out that, according to him, Austria was excluded from the German Union.

Reign of Maximilian II 1848-1864

After the abdication of the father of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, in 1848 his son Maximilian II took over the throne of Bavaria.

Bavaria during German unification

The Bavarian kingdom initially opposed the strengthening of the role of Prussia in Germany. In the Austro-Prussian war of 1866, Bavaria took the side of Austria. The result of participation in this war for Bavaria was the defeat; under the terms of the peace treaty, Bavaria ceded to Prussia a number of territories, namely the districts of Orb and Gersfeld, lying in the Spesart and the Rhön mountains, with 32,976 inhabitants, and had to pay 30 million florins of military indemnity. In addition, due to the collapse of the German Confederation and the formation of a new North German Confederation, in which the South German states, including Bavaria, could not be included in accordance with special Franco-Prussian agreements, the kingdom found itself in political isolation.

Since that time, the rapprochement between Bavaria and Prussia begins, which resulted in the participation of Bavaria in the Franco-Prussian war on the side of the latter. During this war, the Bavarian troops acted excellently. Their valor is attested by the battles of Weissenburg and Werth, near Sedan, Paris and Orleans. The general upsurge of national consciousness at that time was so strong that the population of Bavaria, in numerous addresses addressed to the government, petitioned for joining the North German Confederation. Nevertheless, in negotiations with the Union on this issue, the Bavarian government tried to negotiate maximum preferences for itself. Finally, on November 23, 1870, an agreement was signed on the accession of Bavaria to the Union. Under this treaty, Bavaria retained its own diplomacy, management of the army, post office, telegraph, railways, taxation system and complete independence in matters of citizenship and the right to settle. Similar treaties were signed by the rest of the South German states. The North German Confederation thus included all the member states of the former German Confederation, except for Austria, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein.

On November 30, 1870, King Ludwig II of Bavaria, in agreement with other German monarchs, addressed the Prussian king with the so-called "Imperial letter", in which he asked the Prussian king Wilhelm I to accept the title of German emperor. For this, Bismarck guaranteed Ludwig significant cash payments from a specially created Welf fund.

On January 18, 1871, in the Palace of Versailles near Paris, Bismarck, in the presence of the German princes, read out the text of the proclamation of the Prussian king as emperor of the German Empire. And on April 16 of the same year, the constitution of the new state was adopted, of which Bavaria was now a part.

Bavaria within the German Empire

Bavaria within the Weimar Republic

On November 12, 1918, the Bavarian People's Party (BNP) was created on the basis of the Bavarian branch of the Catholic Center Party. From 1919 to 1933, the BNP was the most influential political force in Bavaria, invariably a member of all provincial governments. Its representatives became Minister-Presidents of Bavaria three times:

• Hugo von Lerchenfeld-Köfering (September 21, 1921 - November 8, 1922),
• Eugen von Knilling (November 8, 1922 - July 1, 1924),
• Heinrich Held (July 2, 1924 – March 10, 1933).

In November 1923, the first attempt to seize power by the Nazis was made in Munich, during the Beer Putsch. It was suppressed, its initiators, headed by A. Hitler, were arrested. Hitler and his associates were serving their sentences in the Landsberg prison.

Bavaria in the Third Reich

During the Third Reich, the federal structure was abolished. The territory of Bavaria was divided among several Reichsgau. NSDAP congresses were held in Nuremberg. During World War II, Munich, Nuremberg and other cities were heavily damaged by bombing.

Political system

The legislative body of the federal state is the Bavarian Landtag (in German. Bayerischer Landtag; unicameral since 1999, in 1946-1999 the parliament had an upper house - the Senate (German) Russian ), which is elected by the population for a term of 5 years. The executive body is the Bavarian Government (Bayerische Staatsregierung), which is formed by the Landtag and consists of:

• Minister-President (German) Bayerischer Minister Präsident ) - Prime Minister, head of the government of Bavaria,
• Bavarian state ministers
• Bavarian state secretaries.

The body of constitutional review is the Bavarian Constitutional Court ( Bayerischer Verfassungsgerichtshof listen)) (earlier - Bavarian State Court of Justice ( Bayerischer Staatsgerichtshof)), the highest courts - the Higher Regional Court of Bamberg ( Oberlandesgericht Bamberg), Munich Higher Regional Court ( Oberlandesgericht Munich) and the Higher Regional Court Nuremberg ( Oberlandesgericht Nürnberg) (until 1932 also the Higher Regional Court of Augsburg ( Oberlandesgericht Augsburg)), until 2006 they were overseen by the Bavarian Higher Regional Court ( Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht), the highest court of administrative justice - the Bavarian Administrative Court ( Bayerischer Verwaltungsgerichtshof).

Policy

For a long time, the Christian Social Union (CSU) was in power in Bavaria, which almost always received more than 50 percent of the vote during elections to the Landtag. However, during the September 28, 2008 elections, the party failed to obtain an absolute majority of seats in the Landtag and was forced to enter into negotiations with the FDP to form a coalition government. Due to the failure of the elections, the then Prime Minister of Bavaria, Günter Beckstein, was forced to resign. CSU Chairman Erwin Huber also had to step down from his post. On October 25, 2008, at the CSU party meeting, Horst Seehofer was elected the new leader of the party. Following a vote in the Landtag on 27 October 2008, Horst Seehofer was also elected Prime Minister of Bavaria. On the same day, for the first time in the history of Bavaria, the deputies of the Landtag elected a woman as their chairman - Barbara Stamm.

In the 2013 elections, the CSU won 47.7%, winning 101 out of 180 seats. The SPD won 20.6% and won 42 seats. The FDP gained 3.3% and lost seats in the Landtag. The CSU formed a one-party government.

Elections

Distribution of seats in the Bavarian Landtag after the elections held on September 15, 2013 (total 180 seats) and the percentage of votes won:

• HSS 101st place, 47.7%
• SPD 42 seats, 20.6%
• Free voters 19 seats, 9%
• Soyuz 90/The Greens 18 seats, 8.6%

The results of the parties that did not enter the Landtag after the 2013 elections in percentage:

• FDP 3.3%
• Left 2.1%
• Bavarian Party 2.1%
• ÖDP 2%
• Pirate Party 2%
• Republicans 1%
• NDP 0.6%
• Others 0.2%

Population of Bavaria

The Bavarians are the descendants of three ancient Germanic allied tribes - Bavarians, Franks and Swabians (Alemanni) - they differ in the nature of speech, customs, way of thinking and attitude. Later, already in 1945, more than two million refugees and deportees from the former German territories, who brought their own traditions and culture, were added to their number.

• Bavarians- are descendants of the Bavarians, inhabit the administrative districts of Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate. With a population of about 6.4 million, they make up about half of the population of Bavaria.
• Franconians- are descendants of the Franks. Their places of residence are in the administrative districts of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia, which have been part of the state of Bavaria since the beginning of the 19th century, currently home to about 4.1 million Franconians.
• Swabians- The administrative district of Swabia is named after 1.8 million Bavarian Swabians.
• « fourth tribe”- also the exiled Sudeten Germans, who moved to Bavaria mainly after 1945, joined the three Bavarian ethnic groups. The Free Earth provided them with protection and support. The Decree of November 5, 1962 states: The Government of Bavaria recognizes that the Sudeten Germans belong to the indigenous Bavarian population. Filled with gratitude for their newfound homeland, the "new Bavarians" put a lot of effort into its restoration after the Second World War.

Cities with more than 50 thousand inhabitants

Additional: The Bavarian State Office provided these statistics and processed data

Religion

Pilgrimage Church in Vis

* Including Palatinate

Administrative device

The federal state of Bavaria consists of 71 districts (in German. Landkreis) and 25 cities of land subordination (in German. Kreisfreie Stadt) (in brackets index of districts and cities on license plates), districts are divided into cities (in German. Stadt) and communities (German. Gemeinde), cities are divided into urban districts (German. Stadtbezirk), communities into communal quarters (German. Gemeindeteil).

Administrative districts

Administrative map of Bavaria

The Republic of Bavaria consists of several administrative districts. List of districts:

1. Neustadt an der Waldnabe (NEW)
2. Neu-Ulm (NU)
3. Nuremberg (LAU)
4. Upper Allgäu (OA)
5. Eastern Allgäu (OAL)
6. Passau (PA)
7. Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm (PAF)
8. Regen (REG)
9. Regensburg (R)
10. Rhön - Grabfeld (NES)
11. Rosenheim (RO)
12. Mouth (RH)
13. Rottal Inn (PAN)
14. Schwandorf (SAD)
15. Schweinfurt (SW)
16. Starnberg (STA)
17. Straubing - Bogen (SR)
18. Tirschenreuth (TIR)
19. Traunstein (TS)
20. Lower Allgäu (MN)
21. Weilheim - Schongau (WM)
22. Weissenburg - Gunzenhausen (WUG)
23. Wunsiedel - Fichtel (WUN)
24. Würzburg (WÜ)

Free cities (Kreisfreie Städte)

Local Government Authorities

The representative bodies of the districts are the bezirkstags ( bezirkstag), consisting of bezircrats ( bezirksrat), elected by the population under a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the district is exercised by the district committee ( bezirksausschuss).

The representative bodies of the districts are kreistags ( kreistag) consisting of landrat ( landrat), who leads the meetings, and kreisrats ( kreisrat), elected by the population under a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the district is exercised by the Landrat, elected by the population, and the district committee ( kreisausschuss), consisting of the Landrat and members of the district committee, elected by the Kreistag in proportion to the size of the factions.

Representative bodies of cities - stadtrats ( stadtrat), consisting of the chief burgomaster ( oberburgermeister), who leads the meetings, and members of the staff ( stadtratsmitglied), elected by the population according to a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the city is exercised by the chief burgomaster, elected by the population.

The representative bodies of the communities are geminderats ( gemeinderat), consisting of a burgomaster ( burgermeister), who leads the meetings, and members of the geminderat ( gemeinderatsmitglied), elected by the population according to a proportional system with an open list, the executive power in the community is exercised by the burgomaster, elected by the population.

The representative bodies of urban districts are district committees (bezirksausschuss) elected by the population.

Regions

The asteroid (301) Bavaria, discovered in 1890, is named after Bavaria.

Sister regions

Partners of the Free State of Bavaria.

Economy

Bavaria has the largest economic and scientific potential among the 16 federal states of Germany and leads in terms of economic growth (for 1985-2005, Bavaria's GDP increased by 28.2%, and the national average - by 14.6%).

In 2005, Bavaria's GDP amounted to 403 billion euros (18% of the total German), of which about 69% came from trade and services, 30% from industry, and only 1% from the agricultural sector.

In 2006, Bavaria became the first federal state in Germany in 30 years to adopt a deficit-free budget.

Bavaria is moving from an agrarian country to a technological state and claims to be one of the most developed countries within Germany. The most important role in the economy of Bavaria is played by mechanical engineering, in particular, the automotive industry and the aerospace industry. Also developed are electrical engineering, precision mechanics, optics, the production of medical equipment, and the chemical industry.

The well-developed areas of Bavaria are: the Munich metropolitan area with a developed auto industry ( bmw, Audi, MAN, Knorr-Bremse), information sector ( Siemens, Infineon Technologies, Microsoft), mass media and publishing houses ( ProSiebenSat1, sky deutschland, cable deutschland, publishing house Burda), military industry ( EADS, Krauss-Maffei Wegmann); district of Augsburg ( EADS, KUKA, UPM-Kymmene), Ingolstadt ( Audi, Media Saturn Holding) and the "Bavarian chemical triangle" between Lake Chiemsee and the rivers Inn and Salzach. Tourism is developed (historical sights, museums, beer gardens, Oktoberfest, fairs).

Agriculture

Bavaria also owns the Sahlforste forests in Austria.

Tourism

Tourism is one of Bavaria's sources of income. Bavaria is considered a land of relaxation. Due to the beauty of its landscapes and well-developed infrastructure, as well as the Alpine foothills and the Bavarian Alps themselves, it has been and is a favorite destination for tourists, at any time of the year.

Bavaria is the largest land area in Germany. Some Bavarian cities were built by the Romans.

The capital is Munich (first mentioned in 1158), about 1.35 million people live in it. residents (February 2009). The center of the city is the tourist-favorite Marienplatz square with the new town hall building. On the east side of Marienplatz is the old town hall, which today houses a toy museum. A little south of Marienplatz is the 11th-century St. Peter's Church. To the southwest of the church, on St. Jakob's Square is the Munich City Museum. Its exhibits cover the cultural history of Munich, there is also a photo and film museum, a museum of puppets, musical instruments and much more. State National Galleries in Munich: Alte Pinakothek (old masters), Neue Pinakothek (art of the modern period), Pinakothek der Moderne (contemporary art); Bavarian National Museum with a collection of sculpture, decorative art, folk art; state collection of exhibits of natural history; German Museum.

Bavaria is home to a large number of different festivals, among which the most famous are the Oktoberfest and the Landshut Wedding.

Bavarian figures

That's why I like to travel around Europe, because transport is well developed there, and you can calmly move around the area without knowing the language, seeing the sights. As a rule, you buy one ticket for all modes of transport from the machine, and this ticket is valid for a certain time. The Bayern ticket is no exception.

The ticket is valid for everyone local modes of transport in Bavaria (Germany is divided into lands, Bavaria with its capital in Munich is one of the lands):

• metro
• trams
• buses
• electric trains
• and local trains, the numbers of which are indicated on the ticket, but more on that below.

We got on the train in Munich, went to some city, there we got on the bus, tram, back again on the train. At the same time, a ticket is bought once and is valid for the whole day!

Yes, you heard right. This miracle ticket is valid all day long. So,

Validity period of the Bayern ticket

• on weekdays: from 9-00 to 03-00 the next night (that is, in fact, after breakfast at the hotel, you can go anywhere for the whole day, paying only once);
• on weekends and official holidays in Bavaria: from 0-00 to 03-00 the next day (also for the whole day, even longer: you can travel from the very morning).

There is also a night Bavarian ticket (Bayern Ticket Nacht), which is valid from 18-00 and ends at 06-00 the next day.

We only used Bavarian day tickets, . This was enough for us.

This is what the ticket looks like. But we also came across this format, small:

The cost of a Bavarian ticket in 2019 How much does the pleasure cost and does it make economic sense?

The most pleasant thing for us, ordinary travelers exploring German lands on our own two feet, was the price of a Bavarian ticket: the cost of a ticket for one person is 25 euro, surcharge for each subsequent passenger - 7 euros. The maximum number of passengers on one ticket - 5 people.

2019 Bavarian ticket price table

The table shows the number of people (1 column), then - 2nd class, 1st class of the car, then - Bavarian night ticket 2nd and 1st class of the car.

We traveled for a long time and together, that is, our ticket costs only 27 euros for two, which, you see, for the whole day, including intercity and even international travel (and we went to Salzburg) is feasible. And if there were five of us, we would pay 23 euros + 4 people * 4 euros = 39 euros, which is about 8 euros per person.

Bavarian ticket for children

Children under 5 years old travel free of charge in any transport in Germany, and with the Bavarian ticket, the person whose name is indicated on the ticket can take all their children from 6 to 14 years old for free.

A child under 14 can ride for free only if no more than 2 adults are included in the ticket!!! You cannot take a ticket for 3-4 adults and carry another child free of charge. In this case, the child must be entered on the ticket as an adult and paid for. The price for November 2018 is 27 euros, for each subsequent passenger 4 euros are added. Children should all be siblings. Two adult girlfriends and, for example, two children can travel on a ticket only if these children are the children of one of these women. If these are two women, each with their own child, then it is impossible. For children you need to pay extra, as for adults. The fines are big, it's better not to risk it. We took two tickets, each of which included 2 adults and 1 child traveled for free. Checked the tickets 2 times, the controller said that they did everything right. No documents confirming the relationship between mother and child were required.

Comment from user Irina (see below from 11/09/2018).

Rules for using the Bavarian ticket in 2019 What do tourists need to know?

• Before using the ticket, be sure to enter the full name of the traveler(s) in the special field. Have documents with you so that the inspector can verify the name.

We entered both names, however, a little lower than necessary - there is one more line at the top.

• If you paid for the ticket with a plastic card, be sure to have it with you - the inspector may ask you to present it.
• Keep your ticket for the entire trip.
• You don't need to validate your ticket.

Where can I go with the Bayern ticket?

Anywhere within Bavaria, as well as in some cities of Austria (Salzburg, Ulm, Kufstein). For example, we went to:

• to Regensburg from Munich

Bavarian-Bohemian ticket

There is an "extended" version of the Bavarian ticket for visiting Czech Bohemia - Bayern-B?hmen-Ticket (Karlovy Vary, Czech Krumlov and a number of other cities). The Bavarian-Bohemian ticket costs a little more, although it is impossible to get to Prague on it.

So, what types of transport does the Bavarian ticket cover?

• urban transport (buses, trams, except for express and sightseeing buses).
• metro (U-Bahn, denoted by the letter U).
• electric trains (S-Bahn, denoted by the letter S).
• regional trains marked RB,RE, M, ALEX, BOB and other local and regional trains. Attention, Bayern ticket It does not work on high-speed trains and intercity trains ICE, IC, EC, D.

This is an international high speed train. ICE- the Bavarian ticket is not valid for him.

How to get the schedule of trains that are covered by the Bavarian ticket, read. I made a photo guide. See also: answers to frequently asked questions from tourists.

How to buy a Bavarian ticket?

It is very easy to buy a ticket in special machines Fahrkarten / Tickets but I have prepared.

Machines stand at all stations, in transitions and other places of the city.

Here is a detailed map of Bavaria with the names of cities and towns in Russian. Move the map by holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner. You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or by turning the mouse wheel.

What country is Bavaria in?

Bavaria is located in Germany. This is a wonderful, beautiful place, with its own history and traditions. Bavaria coordinates: north latitude and east longitude (show on a large map).

virtual walk

The figurine of a "little man" above the scale will help you take a virtual tour of the cities of Bavaria. By pressing and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Choose the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The "Satellite" option at the top left allows you to see the relief image of the surface. In the "Map" mode, you will get the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with the highways of Bavaria and the main attractions.

If you are going to Bavaria, you definitely need to know about the Bayern Ticket. Bavaria has an excellent public transport network. Trains of the German railway make stops in almost every settlement. Well, in those places where there is still no Deutsche Bahn, or its trains do not stop, regular buses run.

If you are going to Bavaria, you definitely need to know about the Bayern Ticket. In different sources, when preparing for a trip, you can meet its different names: "Bayern Ticket" or in Russian - Bayern Ticket.

There are many remarkable places and interesting tourist sites in Munich. To see all the parks, castles and museums of Bavaria, you probably won't have enough for a whole vacation. Traveling in Bavarian land is inexpensive and easy. In Bavaria, the public transport network is well organized, and it runs with amazing accuracy and punctuality (flight delays happen only in true "force majeure").

Deutschebahn (German Railway) trains make stops in almost every locality. Well, in those places where there is still no Deutsche Bahn, or its trains do not stop, regular buses run. There is absolutely no need to rent a car in Bavaria - just buy a Bavarian ticket!

Purchase these tickets online. To do this, open the instructions for booking tickets for Deutsche Bahn. There you will see where you can find your Bayern Ticket.

Types of Bavarian Tickets

After 10.06.2012 there is only one type of Bavarian ticket. It's called the Bayern Ticket. Are you planning to travel alone? Then you need a Bayern Ticket for one person. At 2018 prices, such a ticket costs 25 €, the surcharge for each subsequent passenger is € 6. The maximum number of passengers on one ticket is 5 people. If more people are traveling, simply combine such tickets for a different number of passengers, distributing several people for each.

In each ticket, in a special line, you must enter the name of one member of the group (in Latin, in block letters). This is a binding rule of the Deutsche Bahn. When you enter a name, keep in mind such a moment - if your group has to get on the train or get off at the same time - you should enter on the ticket the person who needs to get on the transport earlier than others or go farthest.

Ticket validity period

Another important point is the validity period of the ticket. The Bavarian Ticket "works" not around the clock. It is valid from 09.00 - to 03.00 the next day - this is on weekdays. On official holidays in Germany and weekends, the time of its validity starts from 00:00 hours. The exception is August 8th. In Germany, this day is not a day off - it is a national holiday (Peace Day) only in Bavaria. When it falls on a non-holiday, the Bavarian Ticket is valid from 9 am. Remember this!

Action Bayern Ticket Nacht

If you plan to travel only in the evenings (after 18.00) - it will be beneficial for you to buy tickets of another type - Bayern-Ticket Nacht - tickets for night owls. Such a Bayern Ticket for one person costs 23 €, the surcharge for each subsequent passenger is €3. The maximum number of passengers on one ticket is 5 people. Valid Bayern-Ticket Nacht from 18:00 to 06:00 the next day. And on holidays and weekends (remember August 8!) - until 07:00.

Why buy these tickets? This is beneficial when temporarily moving from one city to another in the evening (for example, from Munich to Nuremberg for a few days). Then a ticket for two to Nuremberg will be beneficial - it will cost only 26 €.

Traveling with children.

For children under 5 years old, travel on the Deutsche Bahn is free. One Bavarian ticket per person entitles you to take with you an unlimited number of children or grandchildren aged 5-15 (but only relatives). In this case, it is allowed to take another adult with you, with a surcharge of 5 €.

When you travel with your children or grandchildren, you can use the Bayern Ticket for up to two adults!

The string intended for the name must contain only the name of the person who is native to the children. If there are other adults in the group, they must purchase separate tickets. If another traveler in your group also has children, he will also have to buy a separate ticket. The Deutsche Bahn rule states that the passenger whose name is indicated on the ticket (and only their children / grandchildren) is entitled to carry children. Two families with children - a minimum of two tickets, and the name of the parent (or grandparents) will be written on each.

You can generally refuse to carry children for free, and pay for their travel, like the travel of ordinary passengers. Sometimes it turns out even more profitable.

Future travelers to Bavaria ask many questions about the validity of the Bayern Ticket. We will try to analyze various traffic situations.

Which vehicles are covered by the Bayern Ticket?

The Bayern ticket can be valid:

• on all regional trains (in 2nd class). These compounds are marked RE or RB (Regional Express or Regional Ban);
• by S-Bahn trains: by U-Bahn subway;
• on the city tram; on buses plying on the territory of Bavaria and in some adjacent areas.

Which transport is not covered by the Bayern Ticket?

• The ticket is not valid on night and high-speed trains marked: IC, EC, ICE, D;
• Bayern Ticket usually does not apply to express buses for special purposes; for example, on the express "Memmingen Airport - Munich". It does not work on some other routes either. (However, the bus that runs from Memmingen airport to the train station is covered by the Bayern Ticket, and with this method of travel you will save on tickets of 2.5 € per passenger);
• the ticket is not valid on sightseeing and tourist routes; on some bus routes that are not included in transport associations; on tourist trams; cableways;
• any modes of transport that are not municipal are paid separately.

What territories does the Bayern Ticket cover?

• All Bavaria, its cities and villages; all points where the Bavarian municipal transport goes;
• the territories of Germany and Austria bordering on Bavaria. (In the case of a trip to the territory of Austria, you should choose the German local train, but not the Austrian one, because the Bavarian Ticket does not apply to it).

More information about the validity area of ​​the Bayern Ticket can be found on the Deutschebahn website, in the Bayern Ticket section (in German). There you can see that on a ticket you will get to Ulm (in Baden-Württemberg), as well as to Sonnenberg (in Thuringia) and to Austrian Salzburg. Austrian trains are designated EC, while German trains are designated RB.

Where can I buy a Bayern Ticket?

There are several places where tickets are sold and prices vary. The easiest way is to buy such a ticket at the station ticket office. However, buying at the box office will cost 2 € more for each ticket. If you buy a ticket at the station machine, there will be no such overpayment. The Bayern Ticket is sold at Deutsche Bahn vending machines; you can find them at train stations, airports (in Austria, tickets are sold in Salzburg at the station).

Using the machine is easy - it has buttons on which the type of travel is indicated. To purchase "partner" tickets there is a corresponding button. After you press the desired button, the machine will ask for the date on which you purchase the ticket, after which it will ask you to deposit the required amount; will issue a ticket and change.

You can purchase tickets in advance through the Deutsche Bahn website. To do this, you will have to clearly determine the date of the trip, the number and composition of the group's travelers. Plan all the details of the trip in advance!

You can buy a ticket online both on Russian and German territory without leaving the hotel where you will be staying. Print your ticket and it will start right outside the hotel.

How to buy Bayern Ticket online?

This is a simple operation, it is carried out in a few clicks on the Deutschebahn website.

How is it possible to travel on the Bayern Ticket with children?

These rules are complicated even for the Germans and constantly cause a lot of misunderstanding and questions from passengers. Such questions and feedback are literally inundated with the forums of the German Railway. In this case, it is even more difficult for foreign tourists to understand.

Let's analyze the basic rules for transporting children in Bavaria using the Bayern Ticket:

1. Children under 5 years old (inclusive!) travel free of charge throughout Germany. Always, no options.
2. The rights of parents, grandparents to transport children or grandchildren are exactly the same. In order not to complicate explanations, we will simply use the designation "parents". A priori, all the rules of travel will apply to the older generation.
3. Any parent (grandmother or grandfather) can carry any number of children, grandchildren aged 6 to 14 (inclusive) on the Bavarian ticket. An important condition: they must be "their children" - i.e. natural children or grandchildren in the legal sense (the same provisions apply to adopted children). No other degrees of kinship (brothers, cousins, nephews and others) are subject to the Bavarian ticket. The guide or conductor has the right to demand a document confirming kinship (for Russians, a passport with children entered is enough).
4. Children can be carried free of charge by the passenger whose name is written on the ticket, and only by him. That is, children should be native to this particular person.
5. When one adult is carrying children on a Bavarian ticket, he can add one more adult passenger to it. That is, children are transported free of charge on a €25 ticket with one adult, or on a €31 ticket with two adults. Tickets for three, four and five passengers do not give the right to preferential transportation of children, even if the name of the parent is entered on the travel document.

These rules seem simple, but in practice, confusion often occurs on trips. Therefore, it is better to consider specific examples of situations:

• A mother is traveling with two children, who are 9 and 14 years old. She needs to purchase a Bayern Ticket for one passenger, putting her name on it. The ticket will cost the mother 25 euros, her children will travel free of charge.
• A mother is traveling, with her children 9 and 14 years old, and an uncle - my mother's brother. They will need a Bavarian ticket for two passengers. The mother's name must be entered on the ticket, and then the children will travel for free. If you enter the uncle's name on the ticket, the children will lose the right to free travel. Children can only be transported free of charge by the person whose name is indicated on the ticket! This means that only the name of the parent is always indicated on the ticket, and he gets the right to carry his children for free.
• A mother and her children, aged 9 and 14, are coming; her friend, and with her a child of 4 years. They need a ticket for two passengers. Their ticket will cost 31 €. Children under 5 years old always travel free of charge - they can be ignored when choosing the type of tickets.
• The same situation: mother has children aged 9 and 14; her friend also has a child, but 14 years old. For one Bavarian ticket for two people, only one mother can carry children for free. What is the right thing for friends to do - to take each ticket for one passenger? In this case, the total cost of their Bavarian Tickets will be 50 €. Another way out for these passengers is to consider themselves a regular group of passengers of five people. In this case, their joint ticket for five will cost 49 €.
• An aunt and her three nephews are traveling. Children 4, 9 and 14 years old. You need to buy a ticket for three passengers - a child of 4 years old travels free of charge. The aunt does not have the right to free transportation of nephews on the Bavarian Ticket. Ticket price - 37 €.
  There are other situations as well. It is simply impossible to give all examples here. On the website of the German Railways you can ask your questions. Use the above rules, think over the composition of the group and think logically when buying tickets.

Whose name should I put on the Bayern Ticket?

An independent traveler has to carefully understand other people's rules and adapt to them in a timely manner. It would seem that buying a ticket is very simple! However, there are some nuances here as well. A ticket intended for travel within a certain federal state of Germany (in our case, the Bavarian ticket) will not be valid until the name of the passenger has been entered on it. Be sure to enter the name of the passenger in the ticket in Latin! The name is always written only one - even if there are five travelers.

If the name is not entered, you will have to do it in the presence of a conductor or controller (you will be given a pen and will be required to enter this name). If you know German well, this will be a normal, typical situation. Another thing is if you practically do not know the language. The situation can become very difficult and even conflict. Therefore, it is better to prepare after all and write the name on the ticket in advance. But you are traveling in a group - whose name should be there?

There are also a few rules here. Controllers and conductors often require the identification of the person named on the ticket. This way they can check if the Bayern Ticket belongs to your group. The person who entered his name on the ticket will have to show the certificate.

According to the laws of Germany, every person is required to have an identity card with him (and tourists are no exception). However, tourists often prefer to keep their passports at the hotel so as not to accidentally lose them and get into trouble in a foreign country. This approach has its own reason - but in this case, the passenger must still have some kind of certificate. An international driver's license can become a replacement for a passport (the name in the license must be written in Latin). For a train conductor/controller, such a certificate will be sufficient. When you choose from among the members of your group whose name will be entered on the ticket, check if this person has such an identity card. Avoid conflict situations with controllers!

If there is a person with children (5-15 years old) in the group, be sure to enter the name of the parent on the ticket. There are many subtleties in transporting children - so think through all the specific situations in advance so as not to end up buying the “wrong” tickets.