All terms related to tourism list. Basic concepts of tourism. IV. Club vacation
Baggage receipt - an official document issued by the airline and issued to the passenger upon check-in of baggage, confirming that the airline undertakes the transportation of this baggage and issuing it to the passenger at the end of the carriage.
Duty-free import - a pass for the transportation of goods across the customs border of the corresponding country without imposing import duties on them. Usually, personal items within reasonable limits are allowed duty-free.
Bungalow - a separate building used to accommodate tourists, often offered in tropical and southern countries.
Service Bureau - a bureau in a hotel that provides a variety of information services, currency and financial transactions, providing it with transport tickets and tickets for attending cultural and entertainment events, organizing medical care.
Voucher - a document issued by a tourist or transport company confirming that the tourist has paid for specific types of services: hotel accommodation, meals, excursion services, travel by transport, etc. and is the basis for receiving this service.
Visa - a special permission of the relevant authorities of a foreign government to enter, exit, reside or travel through the territory of this state. All inclusive (all inclusive) - a service system in hotels, in which food, drinks (most often locally produced) and certain types of services do not require additional payment. A variation of this service system is the max inclusive system, when the list of additional services can be significantly expanded and include free use of a sauna, a hairdresser, various sports, etc. High season - the period of the greatest active activity in tourism, the most popular time of the year for trips (travel); the period of the highest tariffs for tourist services. The high season does not always coincide with the seasons. In some countries, it cannot be less than three months.
A guide is a professional guide who shows tourists the sights of a city or area.
Group of tourists - a group of persons traveling together, arriving and departing at the same time, on the same terms (standard package of services) and being a separate unit for the travel agent and the hotel. For a group of tourists, hotel services (accommodation and meals) are provided on preferential terms, i.е. at special prices, an invoice for the entire amount is issued one per group. According to international standards, a group is 15 people, but 7-10 people can also be considered a group.
Photos from the tour
Diving - scuba diving.
Additional services - the list and volume of services that exceed the volume and list of purchased basic services, and paid by tourists additionally, at the place of consumption of these services.
A traveler's check is a bank means of payment that can be exchanged for cash in the currency in which it was issued, or for an equivalent amount in a foreign currency at the current rate. Banks that issue travelers checks guarantee a full refund in case these checks are lost due to theft, destruction, etc.
Duty free (duty free) - a system of duty-free trade at airports, on board aircraft, ferries and other vehicles, or in certain places visited by foreigners (usually cigarettes, wine, perfumes and souvenirs).
The green corridor is a border crossing point for the transportation of things that are not subject to mandatory customs declaration.
An arrival card is a special form filled out by a passenger arriving in another country by plane or ship and handed over to the border service.
Continental breakfast is a light breakfast consisting of coffee or tea, juice, muffin, butter and jam.
Cruise - a sea or river tourist trip on a motor ship used as a means of transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc., including coastal service in the program.
Route - a pre-planned or established route for travelers (tourists) or vehicles.
International tourist voucher - a document that combines a voucher and an official document as its integral part; designed for hotel reservations, car rentals and other types of services that require prepayment.
Low season - the least popular time for trips (travel), as a rule, the period of maximum discounts.
Baggage allowance - the maximum weight or size of baggage accepted by the airline for free transportation. The norms are differentiated according to the classes of passenger seats.
Tour organizer - an individual (sometimes a travel agent) or an organization that gathers a group of tourists to participate in a tour offered by a tour company. As a rule, the organizer of the tour may be given the opportunity to travel free of charge on this route.
Pans ion - a small private hotel (for 5-10 rooms), in which guest service is provided by the owner or family, who usually live in the same building.
Parking - a place for parking vehicles.
Flight coupon - part of the ticket, in exchange for which the airline provides the passenger with transportation on the section specified in it.
Full board - a type of food in hotels, in which the cost of living includes three or four meals a day).
Half board - a type of food in hotels, in which breakfast and dinner or breakfast and lunch are included in the price.
Receiving party - a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur, counterparty, accepting tourists who have arrived in the country (place) of temporary residence. The content of the service provided by the host is determined by the voucher issued by the sending party.
Tourist travel program (service program, stay) - a plan of successive events indicating the dates and times of stay at the stops on the route, hotel, visits to places of tourist display for the purpose of viewing them (excursions), meals, and also moving along the route with the help of those indicated in the program internal route vehicles.
A boarding pass is a card issued to passengers on air and sea routes, which they must hand over to the control service upon boarding.
Direct flight - a flight in which the passenger does not make transfers on the entire route from the point of departure to the point of destination.
Checkout time - the moment of the beginning (end) of the day (usually 12.00 noon), before which the hotel client is obliged to vacate the room or pay in full or in part for the next overnight stay.
Accommodation without meals - accommodation in a hotel, the price of which does not include meals (RO).
Accommodation and breakfast - accommodation in a hotel, the price of which includes only breakfast (RB,BB).
Accommodation with full board - accommodation in a hotel, the price of which includes three meals a day or meals at any time at the request of the tourist (AL, ALL Incl).
Accommodation with half board - accommodation in a hotel, the price of which includes two meals a day (optional): breakfast and lunch or breakfast and dinner (RD).
Rafting - rafting on mountain rivers in boats, catamarans or rafts, not equipped with motor vehicles.
Realization-date - the day the tour operator (travel agent) returns the unsold (non-reserved) rooms to the accommodation facility, which is separated from the actual date by the duration of the release period.
Release - period (release period) - the period during which numbers are released from the quota.
Registration card - issued in a number of countries by the border authorities to temporary visitors when entering the country and returned by them to the border authorities when leaving the country, a document confirming the registration of these visitors by the authorities of that country.
Scheduled flight - a flight operated continuously for a certain period of time in accordance with a pre-published schedule.
Reception - a common hall or room in hotels for receiving, registering and registering guests, as well as finding porters on duty for receiving and issuing room keys and performing various types of assignments for hotel guests.
Safari - a tourist trip for the purpose of hunting or getting to know the local nature, usually in the countries of Central Africa.
Fortune system - sale of a package of travel services at a discount for accommodation without specifying a specific hotel, the name of which becomes known upon arrival at the place of rest. At the same time, accommodation in a hotel of a certain category is guaranteed.
Ski pass - permission or pass to use the lifts in a certain place for downhill skiing or snowboarding.
Accompanying - an employee of a travel company, whose duties include accompanying tourists along the route, organizing accommodation, meals and transportation.
Timeshare - buying the right to use a number for one or two weeks in a particular place for an extended period. At the same time, conditions are created for the exchange of places of rest, which allows the owners of timeshare to change the place of rest.
Tax free (tax free) - a system of partial refund of value added tax in a number of countries when buying and exporting goods by foreigners. As a rule, it is used in large stores when purchasing goods over a certain amount. Money can be returned when crossing the border or in the country of permanent residence.
Customs declaration - a written or oral statement by tourists to the customs authorities when crossing the border, containing information about the things and objects transported by tourists.
Customs duty is a tax imposed on certain goods that pass through the border of a country.
Customs privileges - partial or full exemption from the payment of customs duties on the importation into the country of items or goods that are usually subject to duty; partial or complete removal of restrictions on the export of certain items or goods from the country.
Customs - a state institution that controls and passes goods and personal belongings transported across the border, and collects customs duties.
Transit - the transportation of passengers (tourists) from one country to another through an intermediate country.
Transfer - any transportation of a tourist inside the tourist center (delivery from the station, airport or seaport to the hotel and back; from one station, airport or seaport to another; from the hotel to the theater and back).
Trekking - hiking over rough terrain without special training for participants.
Tour - a tourist trip along a certain route at a certain time with a certain range of services (transportation, accommodation, meals, etc.). There is a difference between individual and group travel.
Tourist company - an enterprise that sells tourist services to consumers. Depending on the functions performed by travel companies, they are divided into travel agents and tour operators.
Force majeure - a circumstance, the occurrence of which could not be prevented by the party responsible for the performance of an obligation, and which is the reason for the non-performance of the latter (for example, war, natural disaster, etc.).
Photo safari - a tourist trip with a goal
photographing rare animals and plants in their natural habitat.
Fixed quota - a quota with the assignment of certain rooms of the hotel stock to a specific tour operator (travel agent).
Hostel - a type of hotel with a small set of services.
Charter - an agreement between the owners of a vehicle (ship, aircraft, bus, etc.) and the charterer (tenant) for the lease of the entire vehicle or part of it for a specific flight or period.
Schengen visa - a single visa for up to three months, which allows you to freely move around the territory of the Schengen countries (Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, etc.) during the validity of the visa.
Buffet - a type of self-service in restaurants, cafes, characterized in that visitors, for a single average fee, receive any number of dishes of their choice from among those offered, previously displayed in the hall.
A shopping tour is a tourist trip, the purpose of which is the purchase of certain types of goods characteristic of the host country.
Abbreviations in tourism
Types of meals in hotels
OB or VO (only bed)– no meals, only hotel accommodation
BB (bed & breakfast)- a diet plan that includes breakfast at the hotel. It can be buffet or continental breakfast
BBT– hotel accommodation with breakfast and treatment.
HB (half board)- half board, 2 meals a day at the hotel. This is usually breakfast and dinner, but some hotels may have breakfast and lunch. Drinks at lunch and dinner are usually not included in the price.
HB+- extended half board
HBT- Hotel accommodation with half board and treatment.
FB (full board)- full board, 3 meals a day at the hotel (breakfast + lunch + dinner). Drinks at lunch and dinner are usually not included in the price.
fb+- Extended full board with local drinks during meals.
FBT– hotel accommodation with full board and treatment.
Mini ALL or (mini all inclusive)- full board with local drinks, not only with meals, but in limited quantities (usually beer, wine).
Max inclusive- a kind of all inclusive service system, the list of additional services can be significantly expanded and includes free use of the sauna, hairdresser, various sports, etc.
ALL (all inclusive)- all inclusive, hotel service system, food regime, which includes not only 3 meals a day, but also additional services, such as a light breakfast, snacks, a light dinner. Drinks are included in the price. Sometimes it can only be local drinks, while foreign ones are sold for an additional fee.
UAI, ULTRA ALL INC (ultra all inclusive)- meals throughout the day, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks of local and imported production in unlimited quantities throughout the day + additional services at the discretion of the hotel administration.
ULTRA ALL INC varieties: elegance all inc, VIP all inc. super all inc, deluxe all inc, VC all inc, superior all inc, mega all inc, superior all inc VIP service, royal class all inc, ultra deluxe all inc, extended all inc, excellent all inc, max all inc, high class all inc imperial all inc
A-LA CARTE- a menu in which each dish is indicated with its own separate price.
MENU- menu meals - a limited number of dishes from the menu, usually at dinner, to choose from (vegetable or meat salad, fish or meat).
Meals on the principle of "buffet" - a type of self-service in restaurants, cafes, characterized in that visitors for a single average fee receive any number of dishes of their choice from among those offered, previously displayed in the hall.
Meals "on the menu" (a la carte)- the tourist is given the opportunity to choose 2-3 dishes from the proposed menu. As a rule, a choice of appetizer, main menu and dessert is offered.
Continental breakfast- a light breakfast consisting of coffee (tea), juice, buns, butter and jam. It is offered, as a rule, in European city hotels.
English breakfast- full breakfast, usually includes fruit juice, ham and eggs, toast, butter, jam and coffee or tea.
american breakfast buffet- an analogue of a continental breakfast + various cuts (sausages, cheeses) and hot dishes (scrambled eggs, sausages).
Types of buildings in the hotel
MB (main building)- the main building, the central building.
new building- new building.
APT (appartment)- the type of rooms that, in addition to the living area, have an area equipped with a kitchenette, with a set of dishes, an electric stove, a kettle, as a rule, they are sold without meals.
BGLW (bungalow)- bungalow - a separate building used to accommodate tourists, often offered in tropical and southern countries
VILLA- a villa, a separate building (may include several separate rooms), VIP level, as a rule, having an advantage over other types of accommodation - its own garden, its own swimming pool, large area, exclusive location in the hotel, privacy from other tourists.
Jacuzzi Villa- villa with jacuzzi.
HV (Holiday Village)- club hotel, which is a complex of bungalows, located on a large area and offering a wide range of sports and recreational activities. There are HV-1, HV-2 - clubs of the 1st and 2nd category, differ in the set of services provided free of charge.
Cabana- a building on the beach (or near the pool), like a bungalow, standing separately from the main building and sometimes equipped as a bedroom.
Chalet- a chalet, a separate house, usually in the mountains, consisting of 2 or more rooms.
Residence- detached bungalow type building.
executive floor- one or more floors in a hotel with a higher level of service, as well as with an additional set of services.
Classification of hotel rooms
Balcony room- a room with a balcony.
connected room– the room is connected to another room by a connecting door (very convenient option when placing one company / family who want to be in neighboring rooms).
Duplex- two-story, two-level room.
deluxe- superior rooms, deluxe category, larger than superior.
family room- family room, which can accommodate from 4 people, with a large area (often several rooms).
Sitting area- seating area - a part of the room where armchairs, a coffee table, sometimes also a sofa are located.
Standard (STD)- Standard single room.
Studio- a single room larger than standard with its own mini-kitchen combined with the room.
Suite- a room of superior comfort and improved layout, as a rule - a large room with a seating area.
Superior- Superior room.
Mini Suite- room of the improved category (better than Superior).
junior suite- superior room: usually a large comfortable room with a fenced-off sleeping place, converted into a living room during the day.
Senior Suite- a superior room, as a rule, two-room: a living room and a bedroom.
executive suite- usually a suite with two bedrooms
King Suite- "royal suite", which has 2 bedrooms, a living room and a meeting room or office.
Honeymoon Room- room for honeymooners, with a large KING SIZE bed and an additional gift from the hotel.
ROH (run of the house)- accommodation in a hotel without specifying the type of room and the view from the window, accommodation is provided in any category of rooms available at the hotel.
TRAVEL AGENCY– A company engaged in the implementation of tours formed by the tour operator. The travel agency enters into agreements with tour operators and receives a discount for the volume of sales, on the basis of which it exists.
TOUR OPERATOR– A company that specializes in planning, composing tours and selling holiday packages through travel agencies or directly to the tourist.
TOUR- A range of services for accommodation, transportation, meals for tourists, excursion services, as well as services of guides-interpreters and other services provided depending on the purpose of the trip.
MEDICAL INSURANCE POLICY (INSURANCE)– A document guaranteeing medical care in case of illness or injury (conditions are negotiated additionally). Travel insurance is required to enter some countries.
GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL TOURS- Group tours imply a ready-made package of tourist services developed by the tour operator on the basis of group rates for air travel (often a charter), service, transfers and accommodation. Such areas of mass tourism as Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Spain, Bulgaria, Thailand, about. Bali, Croatia, UAE, Cyprus, as well as bus, railway and air tours in Europe are sold at group prices.
In the case of an individual tour, air travel, transfers, accommodation and services are selected for a specific person (family, group of people), taking into account their individual wishes and preferences. Individual tours are usually more expensive than group tours.
« LAST MINUTES" or SPECIAL OFFER– Imagine that the tour operator bought the seats on the plane for certain dates (or the whole season), paid for hotel rooms, ordered transfers, etc. But for some specific date, he does not have time to implement all the tours. And there are more than one such operators (for example, about 20 large Turkish and our operators operate in Turkey). This is where the price reduction begins, and “special offers” (this is a more correct term for “last minute trip”) arrive on specific dates and for specific hotels. Special offers sell mainly tours to visa-free countries and countries with a simplified visa regime: Cyprus, Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Croatia, Thailand.
General tourism terms:
Cancellation– Cancellation of a tourist trip. Conditions of refusal are stipulated in the contract.
Booking- Preliminary assignment for a certain tourist (passenger) of places in hotels or vehicles, tickets for cultural events for a certain date.
Business tour– Type of travel that is necessary for business people and may require special services, such as a meeting room, secretarial services.
Voucher- A document issued by a travel or transport company confirming that the tourist has paid for specific types of services (accommodation, meals, travel, excursion services, etc.), and which is the basis for receiving this service.
Visa- An official mark (stamp of the consulate, etc.) in the passport, giving the right to enter, exit, reside or travel through the territory of a certain state.
Guide– Specialist in conducting excursions with tourists, who has a license for this.
Guest check– A receipt presented to the owner of a restaurant or bar is often used as part of a voucher.
Group travel documents- Transport papers issued for a group of tourists and confirming the right of the group to travel in this transport (tickets, tour packages with a tear-off coupon, etc.).
Travel check– A bank payment instrument that can be exchanged for cash in the currency in which it is issued, or for an equivalent amount in a foreign currency at the current rate.
Arrival card- A form filled out by a tourist upon arrival in another country and presented at the border checkpoint.
Comprehensive service- A standard set of tourist services, usually including a meeting and seeing off, hotel accommodation, meals and excursion services.
Cruise– Tourist trip on a certain vehicle used as a means of transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc.
Resort fee– Local tax, the payers of which are individuals arriving in resort areas.
Organized tourism– A trip organized by travel companies on a standard itinerary.
voucher– A document confirming the payment for services on the route and being the basis for the provision of these services.
Complaint– Claim; tourist's statement sent to the office of the company - the seller of the tour in case of discrepancy between paid and actually provided services. Based on the complaint, a protocol is drawn up. In the event that the fact of non-compliance is proved, compensation for damage must follow.
Accompanying- An employee of a travel agency, whose duties include escorting tourists along the route, organizing accommodation, meals and transportation.
Transit– Transportation of passengers from one country to another through an intermediate country. Transfer– Any transportation of a tourist inside the tourist center (usually from the airport / train station to the hotel and back, etc.).
Tour package– Tourist plan (route), including the main elements of recreation: transportation, transfer, accommodation, meals, excursions and other services (composition may change). The tour package has a fixed price.
Force Majeure- A circumstance, the occurrence of which could not be prevented by the party responsible for the performance of the obligation, and which is the reason for the non-performance of the latter (for example, war, natural disaster, etc.).
Schengen visa– A single visa that gives the right to freely move around the territory of the Schengen countries (Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Greece) during the validity of the visa.
Shop tour– Tourist trip, the purpose of which is the purchase of certain goods specific to the host countries.
Hotel terms:
Animation- Organization of entertainment and sports activities. Animation programs include sports games and competitions, dance evenings, carnivals, games, hobbies, spiritual activities, etc. Animator is a specialist in the formation of a tourist product and an organizer of recreational activities for tourists.
Reception (Front Desk)- Reseption
room service– Room service
Tourist class– Economy class (there is no bathtub in the room of this class).
Camping- Camp for caravaners located in the countryside or in a recreation area, equipped with tents or other summer-type facilities, parking, water supply and sewerage and equipped with appliances for cooking.
Mini bar– Small refrigerator in the room with alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; usually at an additional cost.
Checkout time– The end date (usually 12:00 p.m.) of the day before which the guest must vacate the room or pay for accommodation on a certain day.
Extraordinary key (grand master)– One key that opens all the rooms of the hotel, including those that are closed from the inside.
Sports terms:
Chair lift telecabina– cable car
chair lift– Chair lift
Grag lift telesquis– Rope lift
gear hire– Ski equipment rental
Green (Red, Blue, Black) slope– "Green" ("red", "blue", "black") ski slopes
cross-country slope– Cross-country skiing track
Downhill- Speed skiing
off-piste– Off-piste skiing
Diving– Scuba diving
Rafting– Rafting on mountain rivers on boats, catamarans or rafts
Safari– A tourist trip for the purpose of hunting or exploring the local nature, usually in the countries of Central Africa
Ski pass– Pass for the use of lifts on the ski slopes
Trekking– Hiking over rough terrain without special training for participants
Customs terms:
duty free– Duty-free trade system at airports, on board aircraft, ferries and other vehicles or in other selected places visited by foreigners.
free port– A port where tourists can purchase goods without paying customs duties.
tax free– A system of partial VAT refunds in a number of countries when foreigners purchase and export goods; money can be returned when crossing the border or in the country of permanent residence.
Coastal service- The totality of services provided to the cruise participant in the ports of call of the cruise ship during its stay.
Duty free import– Transportation of goods across the customs border of the country without imposing import duties.
Green corridor- The place of border crossing when transporting things that are not subject to mandatory customs declaration.
Arrival card- A form filled out by a tourist upon arrival in another country and handed over to the border guard.
Registration card- A document issued in a number of countries by the border authorities to temporary visitors upon entering a country and returned by them to the border authorities upon leaving the country, confirming the registration of these visitors by the authorities of that country.
Customs declaration– Application by tourists to the customs authorities when crossing the border, containing information about the things transported by tourists that are subject to declaration.
customs duty– A tax imposed on certain goods passing through the border of a country.
Customs benefits– Partial or full exemption from the payment of customs duties on the importation into the country of goods that are usually subject to duty; partial or complete removal of restrictions on the export of certain goods from the country.
Transport terms:
Complimentary Ticket- Free pass
Party Ticket– Group ticket
Baggage check– An official document issued by the airline and issued to the passenger upon check-in of baggage, confirming that the airline undertakes the carriage of this baggage and issuing it to the passenger at the end of the carriage.
Closed circle route- A circular route with transportation of passengers to the destination and back by the same mode of transport.
Inter-ride– A system of travel tickets for railway transport, which allows for a certain period of validity to travel within the ticket area without restrictions.
Combined ticket– A ticket for a trip using two or more vehicles.
Route– A predetermined route for tourists or vehicles.
Baggage allowance– The maximum weight or size of baggage accepted by airlines for free transportation; baggage allowances are differentiated by passenger seat classes.
open ticket– Ticket with an open date of departure.
Parking- Parking place for vehicles (paid or free).
Charter– Wholesale purchase of an aircraft for the transport of passengers or cargo. Charter flights are scheduled for a specific time, on a specific day, to a specific place ordered.
In any activity related to international transactions, the most relevant is the issue of terms and concepts. Tourist terminology is in constant dynamics. Although in the field of tourism a significant number of special terms and concepts are used, which, in general, have not yet received generally accepted recognition, as they continue to develop and improve.
The word "tourism" comes from the French tourisme (tour) - detour, detour, walk, trip, journey. This term has become firmly established in world practice since the second half of the 19th century. At first, it meant walking for the purpose of walking, and in the 20th century. gradually acquired a universal meaning, covering by this concept any movement of a person for the purpose of rest, recovery, knowledge.
So far, no unambiguous approach to the interpretation of the concept of "tourism" has been formed. In the scientific literature, the definition of the term "tourism" is presented in the works of domestic and foreign scientists. Most consider tourism as a kind of travel, where its participants are outside their permanent place of residence for the purpose of recreation, health improvement, etc.
Swiss authors (University of Bern) K. Krapf and W. Gunziker believe that tourism is a set of relationships and phenomena that take place while traveling to a certain area, subject to a short settlement and non-execution of activities for the purpose of generating income. Note that this definition in the West for a long time was considered the main one.
After the Second World War in the Soviet space only from the 60s. weighty scientific works have appeared, where tourism is a special type of population migration, a branch of the economy, a way of spending time outside a permanent place of residence.
At the official level, there have been many attempts to clarify this concept. Thus, according to the definition adopted by the United Nations in 1954, tourism was interpreted as active recreation that affects the promotion of health, the physical development of a person, associated with leaving the permanent place of residence.
A great contribution to the formation of the concept of "tourism" was made by the Manila Conference on Tourism (Philippines, 1980). It was considered as one of the types of outdoor activities - a trip to explore certain areas of new countries, combined with elements of sports. In addition, the Manila Declaration on the Development of World Tourism proclaimed: tourism should be interpreted as an activity that occupies a prominent place in the pastime of peoples and directly affects the social, cultural, educational, economic and political spheres of life of individual states and their interstate relations.
In 1993, the UN Statistical Commission clarifies the concept of tourism, considering it as an activity traveling, being in places located outside the permanent place of residence, for a period not exceeding a year in a row, but carried out for the purpose of recreation, education, business, etc. P..
In Ukrainian official documents, in particular in the Law of Ukraine "On Tourism", the following definition is given: "Tourism is a temporary departure of a person from a place of permanent residence for recreational, educational or professional business purposes without engaging in paid activities."
A well-known Ukrainian researcher in the field of tourism geography M. Krachilo considered tourism to be a kind of recreation, active recreation, "... during which the restoration of working capacity is combined with health-improving, educational, sports, cultural and entertainment purposes."
Some scientists consider tourism a form of population migration associated with temporary movement within the country or from one country to another (V. Preobrazhensky, V. Azar, P. Oldak, Yu. Vedomoy), and most economists consider it a special branch of the economy, which is to the service sector (V. Gerasimenko, V. Matsola, etc.).
In order to establish the significance of tourism and more fully describe the scope of its activities, it is necessary first of all to single out the various groups of subjects that interact in tourism.
- 1. Tourists. These are people who experience various mental and physical needs, the nature of which determines the directions and types of participation of these people in tourism activities.
- 2. Organizations providing goods and services to tourists. These are entrepreneurs who see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by providing goods and services, taking into account the demand in the tourism market.
- 3. Local authorities. They consider tourism as an important factor in the economy, associated with the income that local citizens can receive from this business in the form of taxes that go to the local budget.
- 4. Host. The local population perceives tourism primarily as a factor in employment. For this group, the result of interaction with tourists, including foreign ones, is important.
Thus, tourism can be defined as a set of phenomena and relationships that arise from the interaction of tourists, suppliers, local authorities and the local population in the process of tourism activities. Travel, tourism is a complex of related business areas. The profession closest to tourism is the distribution of tours, that is, the work of travel agencies. Airlines, car rental companies, railways, buses, hotels and restaurants are directly involved in tourism. Related types of business can also include financial structures that finance the development of the service sector, etc.
Summarizing what has been said, we come to the conclusion that the definition of tourism significantly depends on the direction of research, in which socio-cultural, economic and even environmental factors definitely arise. Their skillful combination will bring the definition of tourism closer to its unambiguous interpretation.
Significant changes and clarifications suffered another of the basic concepts in tourism - "tourist". Its first official interpretation was adopted by the Council of the League of Nations in 1937, which states: a tourist is anyone who travels 24 hours or more, and if the trip takes place outside his own country, the traveler is considered an international tourist. Persons in search of work, earnings, or permanent residence, as well as transit travelers and those who study, cannot be considered tourists, by decision of the Committee of Experts of the League of Nations.
After the Second World War, the International Union of Official Tourist Organizations made separate amendments to this definition. However, according to the Polish researcher W. Gavorecki, these amendments have not yet contributed to the unanimous definition of the concept of "tourist". After all, every tourist is a traveler, but not every traveler is a tourist. Travelers are united by a certain goal, which may be associated with some kind of expedition, job search (migrants), etc. For some peoples, in particular nomads, looking for pastures for livestock is a way of existence.
The 1957 UN Committee recommended that the definition of "tourist" be unified. Since that time, it has become a traveler visiting another country or area outside the permanent place of residence for more than 24 hours. This wording was subsequently refined for travel purposes.
At the Rome Conference of International Travel and Tourism of the United Nations in 1963, it was proposed to distribute tourists into two categories:
- 1. People who visit the country temporarily, for more than 24 hours, but not only for the purpose of entertainment, but also to obtain vacancies, professional activities, improve health, study, participate in conferences, various meetings for religious or sports purposes. Crews of planes and ships arriving in the country were enlisted as tourists.
- 2. Tourists are visitors to a place, region, country who stayed there for no more than 24 hours and did not use accommodation facilities, for example, citizens participating in a one-day excursion, or passengers of cruise ships, crews who stay less than a day.
At the International Conference on Tourism organized by the WTO in Manila (Philippines, October 1980), the concept of "domestic tourist" was considered, but no consensus was reached. The Conference Commission from the national tourism resources of the WTO proposed its definition: a domestic tourist is a person who leaves his place of residence in order to visit an area located no closer than 80.5 km from his place of permanent residence, for the purpose of entertainment, professional personal needs and other (with the exception of daily) movements from the place of work.
At the present stage, a tourist is considered a person who travels for the purpose of entertainment, health improvement, meeting with friends, relatives, for scientific, administrative, sports, commercial purposes, as well as someone who is a member of the cruise and can be in the port even less than 24 hours.
The Law of Ukraine "On Tourism" provides the following definition: "Tourist (traveler) - a person who travels around Ukraine or to another country with a different purpose not prohibited by the law of the country for a period of 24 hours to six months without any or remunerated activity and with the obligation to leave the country or place of residence within a specified period.
Despite the legislative consolidation of the mentioned concepts, the decisions of international conferences and the results of scientific research, the concepts of "tourism", "tourist", "domestic tourist" as a whole have not received an unambiguous interpretation. Differences in the interpretation of the basic concepts cause a lot of inconvenience in practice, in particular when accounting for tourists, signing agreements on international tourism business.
The concepts of "domestic tourism", "international tourism", "national tourism" have become quite stable in modern conditions.
Domestic tourism is the temporary departure of citizens of a particular country from their permanent place of residence within the national borders of the same country for recreation, satisfaction of cognitive interests, sports and other tourist purposes. Domestic tourism is not a separate area, but is connected with all other sectors of national life.
International tourism is a temporary visit by foreigners to the territory of another state in order to receive tourist services and a tourist product (inbound tourism) and the departure of citizens for the purpose of tourism outside the country of permanent residence (outbound tourism).
National tourism is a set of tourism activities related to serving tourists of their state who take part in outbound and domestic tourism.
The most important terminological concepts also include "tourist resources", since without them tourism activities are impossible. Tourist resources are those components of the environment that can be used for organizing tourism and recreation. They are subject to evaluation, in certain cases, transformation and are involved in recreational circulation. There are several components in the structure of tourist resources: natural, socio-cultural, technological, event.
A tourism product created as a result of the exploitation of tourism resources takes the form of a commodity. A tourist product is a set of consumer goods and services that have a use value necessary to satisfy the needs that arise during the travel of tourists.
A tour is a set of services designed as a tourist package that can be implemented on a specific route and at a specific time. The tour is considered the main product of the consumer market and is sold in the form of a ticket or voucher. A tourist voucher is a document confirming the payment provided for by the program of services, which indicates the route route, main services, validity period, price, a description of the route, etc. can be submitted.
Tourism services are an integral part of the tourism product. They allow you to meet the specific needs of the tourist in tourist experiences, medical care and entertainment. Additional tourist and excursion services are services that are not provided for in the ticket and for the tourist have the nature of a free choice.
The terms "travel agent" and "tour operator" define the direction of the business activities of a travel firm or company.
A tour operator is an organization that organizes tours and forms a package of services for tourists.
The tour operator develops tourist routes, saturates them with services through interaction with service providers, ensures the operation of tours and the provision of services, prepares advertising and information publications for their tours, calculates prices for tours, transfers tours to a travel agent for their subsequent sale to tourists.
A travel agent is an intermediary organization engaged in the sale of tours formed by a tour operator.
The travel agent purchases tours from the tour operator and sells them to the consumer. The travel agent adds to the purchased tour the travel of tourists from their place of residence to the first accommodation point along the route, from the last accommodation point on the route and back.
The main market role of these organizations is to connect service providers with tourist clients, sometimes very dispersed both in time and geographically. This is a specific type of tourism business. The right choice of service providers is important here, based on professional knowledge of the tourism market, business, features and levers of its development and management.
The main functions of tourism organizations:
- - accessory;
- - service;
- - warranty.
The formation of competitive advantages for an organization is impossible without knowledge of the characteristics of the market in which it operates. The tourist market is a market for services, since services are the main subject of exchange and account for 80% of all sales in developed tourist markets.
Important components of the tourist market are tourist demand, the supply of a tourist product, its price and, of course, competition.
Tourist demand is characterized by the requirements of the population for tourist services, economically expressed in the amount of a tourist product and services that can be purchased at existing prices. Tourist demand is seasonal. In market conditions, this affects the price level, so the price acts as a regulator of the dynamic balance between supply and demand in the tourist market.
Tourism product supply is the quantity of tourism products and services that are offered in the market at a particular price level.
Competition is the struggle for an advantageous position of enterprises in the tourist market. This is an alternative initiative in the development of identical market segments, emerging in the conditions of free enterprise. Competition stimulates the development of the tourism market. If there is an excess of tourist offers, then competition develops among entrepreneurs. In case of insufficient supply in the market of tourist services, competition occurs between consumers. In general, competition is directly related to price fluctuations, which leads to a search for a new balance in the tourism market between supply and demand and to the establishment of acceptable prices in the tourism services market.
The main types of tourism include cognitive tourism, business, recreational, health-improving, sports, religious, ethnic, educational and transit. Of the above types, the most common are educational and recreational tourism.
Recreational tourism is quite diverse. It can include both entertainment programs, fishing, hunting, and attending sports or other events as a spectator.
Educational tourism, or as it is also called sightseeing, refers to long-distance or close trips in order to get acquainted with cultural, historical or natural attractions. Such trips may include recreational and educational purposes at the same time.
Sports tourism covers such trips, the purpose of which is the holding of sports events in various regions and countries. In turn, sports tourism is divided into amateur and professional.
Ethnic or nostalgic tourism has recently taken a special place. Its purpose is to visit the place of origin of the family or clan, the place of residence of relatives and friends.
An important role in the tourism industry is also occupied by religious tourism, which, by the way, is considered one of the most ancient types of tourism. It is based on the religious needs of people of different faiths. In turn, religious tourism is divided into pilgrimage and sightseeing and educational.
Tourism terminology is undergoing significant changes in accordance with the rapid pace of development and formation of both social relations and tourism, its industries and types. The interpretation of tourist terms is the subject of fierce discussions among apologists for the theory of tourism. Certain group and economic interests of countries significantly influence the interpretation of concepts taken as a basis in national regulations governing certain relations in the field of tourism.
THEME 1.
Block 1:
Tourism manager - who is it?
Tour operator and travel agency - what's the difference?
Basic concepts in tourism. Terms and Definitions.
The system of international designations.
Block 2:
Contractual relationship between the tour operator and the tour. agency, the rights and obligations of the tour operator and the tour. agencies, sanctions under the contract, conditions for booking, re-booking, cancellation of the tour.
The scheme of the travel agency.
DZ: learn abbreviations.
This is a person who, if he sleeps, then only with the phone. A person who works on holidays, weekends and after work J
I am a TRAVEL AGENT
This is a specialist in the tourism industry who organizes tourist trips for clients. A person who coordinates the work of the people and organizations involved.
The travel manager makes our dreams come true for the vacation that each of us looks forward to. From the outside, it seems that this is the most romantic and interesting profession - a holiday every day, the opportunity to travel to distant countries on duty.
But these are different things - to relax on your own or to competently organize a hassle-free vacation, which depends on many people and circumstances.
The duties of specialists in this field include talking with clients and advising them on the choice of tours, booking airline tickets, hotels for them, issuing insurance and other necessary documents.
The manager is in constant contact with airlines, insurance agents, hosts, and various travel agencies. Conducts marketing research of the tourist services market and finds the most advantageous offers in terms of payment, terms and quality of work of the host.
Promptly resolves emerging problem situations. The manager must have complete information about the country to which he sends people, know the preferences of his clients, in order to offer an interesting replacement in the absence of the necessary vouchers.
A typical working day is more often spent in the office at the workplace (with the exception of those managers who directly accompany the groups). The manager communicates with clients, negotiates, works on the Internet.
One of the advantages of the profession is the ability to go on vacation to various countries much cheaper than usual: on hot tours or special offers.
Tour operator and travel agency - what's the difference?
The operator is engaged in the organization: he negotiates with hotels for certain discounts, buys a block of seats on the plane from charter airlines, makes reservations and makes an advance payment, organizes transfers, hires animators. Tour operators sell tours through travel agencies, i.e. The travel agency sells everything.
Many people do not understand why they should go to a travel agency when you can go directly to a tour operator. The advantage is that the travel agency works with many tour operators and can find a cheaper offer for a specific date and place.
It must be borne in mind that travel agencies almost never sell tours for more than the tour operator himself. They sign the contract and have no right to raise prices. Travel agencies earn on the difference in discounts. And the discount may vary depending on how they have proven themselves. Therefore, in fact, the prices are the same everywhere, wherever you come.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF TOURISM
In Russia, in accordance with the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Tourism in the Russian Federation" dated November 24, 1996, the following definitions of the main concepts have been adopted:
tourism- temporary departures (travels) of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons (hereinafter referred to as citizens) from their permanent place of residence for recreational, educational, professional, business, sports, religious and other purposes without engaging in paid activities in the country (place) of temporary residence ;
tourist activity- tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as other travel organization activities;
tourism domestic- travel within the Russian Federation by persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation;
outbound tourism- travel of persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation to another country;
inbound tourism- travel within the Russian Federation of persons who do not permanently reside in the Russian Federation;
social tourism- travel subsidized from funds allocated by the state for social needs;
tourism international– outbound or inbound tourism;
amateur tourism- travel using active modes of transportation, organized by tourists on their own;
tourist- a citizen visiting the country (place) of temporary residence for recreational, educational, professional, business, sports, religious and other purposes without engaging in paid activities for a period of 24 hours to 6 months in a row or spending at least one overnight stay;
tourism resources- natural, historical, socio-cultural objects, including objects of tourist display, as well as other objects that can satisfy the spiritual needs of tourists, contribute to the restoration and development of their physical strength;
tourism industry- a set of hotels and other accommodation facilities, facilities, transport, public catering facilities, entertainment facilities and facilities, educational, business, recreational, sports and other facilities, organizations engaged in tour operator and travel agency activities, as well as organizations providing excursion services and services guide-interpreters;
tour- a range of services for accommodation, transportation, meals for tourists, excursion services, as well as services of guides-interpreters and other services provided depending on the purpose of the trip;
tourism product- the right to a tour intended for sale to a tourist;
tourism product promotion- a set of measures aimed at the implementation of a tourist product (advertising, participation in specialized exhibitions, fairs, organization of tourist information centers for the sale of a tourist product, publication of catalogs, booklets, etc.);
tour operator activity- activities for the formation, promotion and sale of a tourist product, carried out on the basis of a license by a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur (hereinafter referred to as the tour operator);
travel agency activity- activities to promote and sell a tourist product, carried out on the basis of a license by a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur (hereinafter referred to as a travel agent);
guide-interpreter services- activities of a professionally trained individual to familiarize tourists with tourist resources in the country (place) of temporary residence;
tourist voucher- a document confirming the transfer of the tourist product;
tourist voucher- a document establishing the right of the tourist to the services included in the tour, and confirming the fact of their provision.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:
A tourist route: city of departure - City of the hotel (or all stops) - city of arrival (example Moscow - Antalya - Moscow, but we will rest in Alanya).
A tourist route Moscow-Antalya-Alania-Moscow
Air travel: city of departure from Russia - city of arrival and departure from the country - city of arrival in Russia. Moscow - Antalya - Moscow
Accommodation in hotels on a “back to back” basis 1 a profitable way to check into a hotel where one group leaves, another arrives on the same day, and the rooms are never empty.
e-ticket - an electronic ticket assigning to a certain tourist (passenger) places in hotels or vehicles, tickets for cultural events on a specific date.
Cancellation- Cancellation of the trip. Conditions of refusal are stipulated in the contract.
Booking- securing a place in a hotel for a tourist, a ticket for any type of transport or a pass for an event. Produced on a specific date or period of time.
ATOR- The Association of Tour Operators of Russia, which currently includes about 50 of the largest tour operators in the country, controlling about 70% of the total tourist flow.
Apartment (apart-hotel)- type of rooms in hotels, in their design close to the appearance of modern apartments, including places for cooking (the cost of meals is usually not included in the price of the room).
Business-tour- Type of travel that is necessary for business people and may require special services, such as a meeting room, secretarial services.
Bungalow- A small tourist hotel (the building is usually made of light materials on the seashore). Distributed in youth tour centers.
Voucher- A document on the basis of which services are provided to foreign tourists and settlements are made with firms.
Visa- An official mark (stamp of the consulate, etc.) in the passport, giving the right to enter the country with the obligatory condition of the exit mark.
Guide- Specialist in conducting excursions with tourists, having a license for this.
hot leaf- A lost or stolen credit card information sheet sent to hotels and other organizations that use credit cards.
Hot tours- vouchers with a limited period of implementation, sold at a discount. A guide is a person who accompanies a tourist along a certain tourist route. His duties may include both a demonstration of sights and taking care of the life of a tourist.
hotel chain- One of the chain, franchise or other hotel systems, whose members enjoy special privileges, especially in the national reservation system.
Guest check- A receipt presented to the owner of a restaurant or bar is often used as part of a voucher.
Declaration customs- A document issued by the customs services containing information about the luggage, the availability of currency for the tourist and filled in by the tourist when crossing the border.
Travel check - bank means of payment that can be exchanged for cash in the currency in which it is issued, or for an equivalent amount in a foreign currency at the current rate. Banks that issue travelers checks guarantee a full refund in case these checks are lost due to theft, destruction, etc.
Group travel documents- Transport papers issued for a group of tourists and confirming the right of the group to travel in this transport (tickets, tour packages with a tear-off coupon, etc.).
Duty free (duty free) - duty-free trade system at airports, on board aircraft, ferries and other vehicles, or in certain places visited by foreigners (usually cigarettes, wine, perfumes and souvenirs).
Green corridor - the place of border crossing for the transportation of things that are not subject to mandatory customs declaration
Information check- Alphabetical sheet, where the registered guests are recorded according to the room numbers.
Infrastructure- Roads, car parks: sewage drainage, sewerage, water supply, electricity - everything you need for a full-fledged life in this area. Operated by tourists and locals.
caravan tourism- A type of autotourism, in which a self-propelled or attached to a car van (caravan) is used as a means of accommodation.
Coastal price- Reduced price for residents of a certain country traveling within that country.
Arrival card- A form filled out by a tourist upon arrival in another country and presented at the border checkpoint.
Tour operator catalog- Information and advertising prospectus of the tour operator, containing a detailed description of its inclusive tours.
Camping- a camp for autotourists located in the countryside or in a recreation area, equipped with tents or other summer-type facilities, parking, water supply and sewerage systems and equipped with appliances for cooking.
Commercial norm- a reduced rate for a regular customer, in which the hotel is interested, for the occupancy of hotel rooms.
Room sheet - name sheet used by the hotel for pre-registration of groups, as well as for organizing evenings of rest.
room service- availability of services in the hotel for the delivery of food, drinks, correspondence to the room.
Comprehensive service- a standard set of tourist services, usually including a meeting and seeing off, hotel accommodation, meals and excursion services.
Cruise- a tourist trip on a certain vehicle used as a means of transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, etc.
Resort fee- in the Russian Federation - a local tax, the payers of which are individuals arriving in resort areas.
Low cost- the general name of airlines for which part or all of the flights are considered low-cost.
Route- a pre-planned procedure for moving a tourist or a vehicle.
Mini bar– a small refrigerator in the room with alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks; usually at an additional cost.
Motel- A hotel serving autotourists.
Exchange voucher- a legal document that reflects all aspects of the relationship between a tourist and any tourist organization.
Overbooking - overbooking, when the service provider (airline, hotel) assumes more obligations than they can fulfill.
OVIR- Department of visas and registration. Carries out the issuance of general civil (district, regional and republican OVIR) and diplomatic (at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) foreign passports.
CHI- Compulsory health insurance for Russian citizens.
Organized tourism- a trip organized by travel companies on a standard route.
Boarding house- a small hotel owned by one or more private individuals who also act as staff here.
Boarding pass- a card that is issued to passengers of air and water transport. It is handed over to the control service upon landing.
voucher- a document confirming the payment for services on the route and being the basis for the provision of these services.
Checkout time- the moment of the beginning (end) of the day (usually 12.00 noon), before which the hotel client is obliged to vacate the room or pay in full or in part for the next overnight stay.
Complaint- Application of the tourist, sent to the office of the company - the seller of the tour in case of discrepancy between paid and actually provided services. Based on the complaint, a protocol is drawn up. If the fact of non-compliance is proved, compensation for damage must follow.
Registration card- a document that is issued to a tourist when entering another country and which the tourist must hand over when leaving. This procedure confirms that the border crossing was legal and authorized by the host authorities.
Regular flight- a regular flight that performs in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
Receptionist- Front desk at the hotel.
Room service– hotel room service
Fortuna system- a package of tourist services at a discount, in which only the approximate region of residence and the category of the hotel are declared. More specific information about the hotel becomes known only upon arrival at the place of rest. Such a system is optimal for a beach holiday in Turkey, Egypt and the Mediterranean countries.
Ski pass - permission or pass to use the lifts in a certain place for downhill skiing or snowboarding.
Snorkeling– swimming in equipment, fins, mask and snorkel.
Accompanying - an employee of a travel company, whose duties include escorting tourists along the route, organizing accommodation, meals and transportation.
Insurance- The conditions of insurance are specified in detail in the insurance policy. An insurance policy is a document that provides guaranteed medical care in the event of illness or injury. Travel insurance is required to enter some countries.
Tax free (tax free)- a system of partial refund of value added tax in a number of countries when foreigners purchase and export goods. As a rule, it is used in large stores when purchasing goods over a certain amount. Money can be returned when crossing the border or in the country of permanent residence.
Thalassotherapy- a complex of wellness procedures using the healing properties of sea water, mud and the organisms living in them.
Customs declaration- a written or oral statement from tourists to the customs authorities when crossing the border, containing information about the things and objects transported by tourists.
Customs declaration - a tax imposed on certain goods passing through the border of a country.
Transit- Transportation of passengers from one country to another through an intermediate country.
Transfer- Meeting or seeing off at the airport (at the station).
Tour- Individual or group travel, consisting of a range of services (transportation, hotel accommodation, excursions, transfers, meals).
Travel agent- Organization-conductor engaged in the implementation of tours formed by the tour operator. Most of the profit comes from commissions earned from the sale of tours.
tour operator- A company specializing in planning, compiling tours (tourist routes) and selling tours through travel agents or directly to the tourist.
Tour package- Tourist plan (route), covering the main elements of recreation: transport, accommodation, excursions and other services.
Force Majeure - a circumstance, the occurrence of which could not be prevented by the party responsible for the performance of the obligation, and which is the reason for the non-performance of the latter (for example, war, natural disaster, etc.).
Hostel - a type of hotel with a small set of services.
Charter- Wholesale purchase of an aircraft for the transport of passengers or cargo. Charter flights are scheduled for a specific time, on a specific day, to a specific place ordered.
Chartered flight- A flight booked exclusively for a special group of people who belong to the same organization or their flight is organized on the same behalf (for example, by a tour operator). Charter flights are usually much cheaper than scheduled airline flights. These flights may be operated by additional aircraft or aircraft operating scheduled flights.
Schengen visa- a single visa that gives the right to freely move around the territory of the Schengen countries (Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Greece) during the validity of the visa.
Shop tour - a tourist trip, the purpose of which is the purchase of certain types of goods characteristic of the host country.
