Eisenstadt - a sense of the spirit of Austria. Eisenstadt - to the enchanting music of Haydn Eisenstadt Austria

- (Alexander Gertsevich - musician, flatmate of Alexander Mandelstam, the poet's brother; see ALEXANDER (A. G. Aizenshtadt), GERTSEVICH, SERDTSEVICH, SKERTSEVICH) ... Proper name in Russian poetry of the XX century: a dictionary of personal names

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Bezirk Eisenstadt Umgebung Location ... Wikipedia

Eisenstadt is a municipal city in Austria, the center of the federal state of Burgenland. Eisenstadt district in Austria. The seat of the district is the city of Eisenstadt. Surname: Aizenstadt, Veniamin Mikhailovich (pseudonym Blessed; 1921 ... ... Wikipedia

Member of the Creative Union of Cultural Workers of Russia, the City Club of Artists, a full member of the World Club of St. Petersburg and one of the founders of the public association "Institute of St. Petersburg", is one of the authors and presenters ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Aizenstadt Zheleznov, Mikhail Konstantinovich Mikhail Konstantinovich Aizenstadt Zheleznov (Argus; 1900, Minsk 1970, New York) Russian American writer, journalist, satirist. Lived in Novgorod and Latvia, since 1923 in Chicago, since 1924 ... ... Wikipedia

Aizenstadt Alexander, composer. 1989 Crazy (see CRAZY) 1990 I don’t forget, don’t forgive (see I DO NOT FORGET, DO NOT FORGIVE) 1991 Kaisar (see KAYSAR) 1991 Funeral on the second floor (see FUNERAL ON THE SECOND FLOOR) 1996 Auditor (see AUDITOR) … … Cinema Encyclopedia

Moses Samuilovich Aizenstadt bibliographer, director of the United Central Library for Public Education (Moscow) from 1925 to 1944 Date of birth: September 27, 1897 (1897 09 27) ... Wikipedia

Moishe (Moses Girshevich) Aizenstadt (also Moisey Grigorievich, 1870, Nesvizh, Minsk province 1943, New York) official rabbi of St. Petersburg in 1909-1918, Ph.D. He graduated from the famous Volozhin Yeshiva. Then he studied in Berlin ... Wikipedia

Books

• Great philosophers about life. Aphorisms and quotes, Aizenshtadt A.L., The book that you hold in your hands is an attempt to present the world of philosophy in brief biographies, aphorisms and quotes of 285 prominent thinkers from the Ancient East to the present day. You will meet… Category: Aphorisms Publisher: Dilya,
• By Fontanka. Pages of the history of St. Petersburg culture, Vladimir Borisovich Aizenstadt, Margarita Yakovlevna Aizenstadt, Fontanka... Whoever did not come to its granite shores in search of inspiration! You will be transported to the forgotten atmosphere of literary and musical salons and high society events. Built here... Category: Ethnography Series: All about St. Petersburg Publisher: TSENTRPOLIGRAPH, Manufacturer:

Cities in Austria
Eisenstadt

Eisenstadt is the capital of the federal state of Burgenland in eastern Austria. The city lies on the Wulka River at the southern slope of the Leithagebirges and is surrounded by vineyards and the Esterhazy Nature Park. The city is divided into three parts: Freistadt, Eisenstadt-Oberberg, Eisenstadt-Unterberg. Eisenstadt has been the capital of Burgenland since 1925. Not far from the city is the Vienna airport "Schwechat" - the main air gate of Austria.

The city was first mentioned under the name Castrum Ferreum in 1118. It received its modern name in 1373, when it passed into the ownership of the nobles of Kanishai. In the fifteenth century, Eisenstadt was acquired by Duke Albrecht VI, and in 1647 the city became the possession of the Hungarian princes Esterházy. They made large investments not only in the economy, but also in the cultural development of Eisenstadt.

In 1670, about three thousand Jews expelled from Vienna received permission to settle in Eisenstadt and six nearby settlements. In the 1760s, Joseph Haydn was accepted as the prince's court bandmaster, which contributed to the flourishing of the city's cultural life. In 1897, the railway connected Eisenstadt with other cities in the country.

After the First World War, according to the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty in 1921, Burgenland, respectively, and Eisenstadt, went to Austria.

Today, about 13 thousand inhabitants live in Eisenstadt, which makes the city home-like. due to the short distances, the main mode of transport is a bicycle, there is a convenient rental network.

The most common place for shopping is the Hauptstrasse street, which houses all kinds of shops and boutiques for every taste. And you can have a great bite and enjoy the quality of Austrian cuisine in the Leopoldinen tempel area, where there are good cafes, restaurants and bars.

Eisenstadt is known as one of the warmest cities in Austria. Even in winter, the average ambient temperature here is positive, and in summer the thermometer shows above 26.

Sights of Eisenstadt

The historic city center is located around the Domplatz square with the Domkirche church (XV century) and the Hauptstrasse street with its many old buildings, beautiful mansions and the town hall. But the main attraction and hallmark of the city is the beautiful Esterhazy palace and park complex, towering over the Esterhazy-Platz at the western end of Hauptstrasse.

Initially, it was a powerful fortress built in the fourteenth century. Then, having passed into the ownership of the Esterhazy family, the castle received a second birth, and was largely rebuilt. The reconstruction was completed in 1672 and the castle became the center of court life in Eisenstadt. Esterhazy Castle has about 200 rooms and six halls, each with its own distinct style. A large number of rooms were given over to the offices of officials of Eisenstadt, but some (including the Haydnsaal with its wonderful frescoes and a portrait gallery of Hungarian heroes), the greenhouse (now an exhibition complex) and the good green area Schlosspark around the castle are available to visitors as part of an hourly organized tour.

There is a beautiful park around the palace.

A hundred meters west of Esterhazy Castle, the old Unterberg quarter, surrounded by the remains of a wall, begins. Built at the end of the 17th century, it remained the home of a large Jewish community for many years. And although in 1938 almost all Jews were expelled from the city, five remarkable streets and two cemeteries in the north of Esterhazystrasse are still in good condition. And on the main street of the Unterbergstrasse quarter, you can still see one of the two stone buttresses, to which a chain was attached, which once blocked the entrance to the area during Shabbat.

A little further along Unterbergstrasse is the house of the chief adviser to the three Habsburg emperors of the 17th-18th centuries, the first rabbi of Eisenstadt and the chief rabbi of all Hungarian Jews, Samson Wertheimer. Now this building houses the Austrian Jewish Museum, on the ground floor of which there is a private synagogue. It was built at the beginning of the 17th century and is one of the few surviving in the territories occupied by the Third Reich.

And the mansion of another wealthy Jewish local resident on the corner of Unterbergstrasse and Museumgasse was given over to the Historical Museum. Among the most outstanding exhibits are Roman mosaics and the Blauer salon, donated to the museum by Franz Liszt.

On Josef-Haydn-Gasse street is the Haydn House Museum, where the great composer lived for 22 years. But Haydn-Krautergarten looks more romantic - a small garden with a gazebo, spread out to the east of the old city walls, on Burgerspittalgasse and also owned by Haydn

Not far away rises the most impressive church of the city - Bergkirche with Haydn's mausoleum, built at the beginning of the 18th. From the outside of the temple, a staircase leads to a small church and a turnstile, behind which begins a labyrinth of grottoes and miniature chapels built in 1705-1744.

Also of interest is the Franciscan church (1625) with the crypt of the Esterházy family; city ​​hall and the churches of Kalvarinbergkirche and St. Martin.

In addition to those already mentioned, there are several other interesting museums in Eisenstadt, including the Museum of the Fire Brigade.

Around:

20 km southwest of Eisenstadt is the village of Forchtenstein, whose main asset is the castle of the same name, standing on a rock mass. It is the only one in the former western Hungary that was not captured by the Turks in the 1680s. Subsequently, the Esterhazy princes used it as an arsenal, and since 1815 the castle has become a museum. Now it houses one of the best collections of weapons in the country.

15 kilometers from the city there is a lake Neusiedler See, around which a national park is spread. The area of ​​the park is 20,000 hectares, eight thousand of which are located in Burgenland. On the way from Eisenstadt to the south of the country, there is an opportunity to admire the numerous castles, which, perhaps, gave the name to the land of Burgenland (translated from German means “land of castles”).

Photo from panoramio.com

(German Eisenstadt, bav. Eisnståd, Hung. Kismarton, Croatian Željezno, lat. Castrum Ferrum listen)) is a city of land subordination in, the center of the federal state of Burgenland.

Eisenstadt lies on the Vulka River, which slopes down to the valley. terrace at the southern foothills of the Leith Mountains.

Story

The finds confirm that the region of Eisenstadt was already inhabited during the time of the Hallstatt culture. Somewhat later, the Celts and Romans settled here. During the great migration of peoples, various Germanic peoples and the Huns settled the region of Eisenstadt. Around 800 AD e. Charlemagne laid the foundation for the settlement by the Bavarians. The first mention of the city dates back to 1118, when it was called the Iron Fortress (lat. Castrum Ferreum). From 1264 it became known as the Small Mortin (in Hungarian "Kishmarton"). The city has had its present name since 1373.

In 1373, the city passed into the possession of the Hungarian noble family Kanizhai. This made it possible to strengthen the walls and build a fortress with moats. The name "Eysenstat" (iron city) also comes from that time. Eisenstadt received freedom of trade in 1388. Duke Albrecht VI acquired the city in 1445; for the next 150 years, Eisenstadt remained under the control of the Habsburgs. In the 15th century, Croat settlers appeared in Burgenland, who call Eisenstadt Zhelezno, and Burgenland Gradische; subsequently their dialect was formed (Gradishchansko-Croatian language), currently they have cultural autonomy.

During the Turkish wars of 1529 and 1532, Eisenstadt was captured by the Turks as they advanced towards Vienna.

In 1647 the city came under the rule of the Hungarian princely house of Esterhazy (Esterhazy). The princely family changed the face of the city with a long and lively construction work. October 26, 1648 Eisenstadt by decree of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Ferdinand III) ranked among the free cities. The city paid for this 16,000 guilders and 3,000 barrels of wine worth 9,000 guilders. In 1670, Paul I Esterházy allowed about 3,000 Jews to settle in Eisenstadt and 6 nearby settlements, known as 7 communities, who were expelled from Vienna. Samson Wertheimer (1658-1742), who acted in Vienna as a major merchant, played the role of rabbi in Eisenstadt. The golden age of artistic life here began with the appointment of Joseph Haydn to the role of the prince's court bandmaster in the 1760s. In 1809, Eisenstadt was occupied by French units during the War of the Fifth Coalition. In 1897 the city joined the railway network.

After the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg multinational state, there was a three-year struggle for the future state ownership of Burgenland, and thus Eisenstadt. According to the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty, Burgenland passed in 1921 to Austria. However, originally envisaged as the capital of the state of Edenburg (German. Odenburg, modern Sopron), withdrew on the basis of a referendum to Hungary. Instead of Edenburg, it was Eisenstadt that became on April 30, 1925 the seat of the government of Burgenland and, at the same time, the capital of the state.

During the Second World War, Eisenstadt was bombed once, and there were 40 casualties. In 1945, the Red Army occupied Eisenstadt, and the city, like all of Eastern Austria, remained until 1955 in the zone of Soviet occupation. In 1960, Eisenstadt became the seat of the Eisenstadt diocese.

urban division

• Kleinhoeflein,
• St. Georgen

• Eisenstadt-Oberberg,
• Eisenstadt-Unterberg,
• Kleinhoeflein,
• St. Georgen

culture

Events

• Haydn Festival
• Eisenstadt Festival, in the pedestrian part of the historic center
• 1000 Wine Festival - Burgenland Wine Week in front of the Chateau Park greenhouse

Attractions

Museums

• Haydn Museum
• Land (Local History) Museum
• Parish Museum
• Fire Brigade Museum
• Historical Museum (Landmuseum)
• Jewish Museum (Österreichisches Jüdisches Museum)

religious buildings

• Haydn Church / Mountain Church
• Cathedral, late Gothic Bergkirche
• Synagogue
• Collegiate Church of St. Martin (Dom-Kirche Hl. Martin)
• Franciscan Church (Franziskanerkirche)

Esterhazy Castle

Locks

• Esterhazy Castle with Castle Park
• Baroque pavilion, former hunting castle of Prince Esterházy

Other structures

• Mausoleum of Haydn
• town hall
• powder tower

Famous people

• Gustinus Ambrosi, sculptor
• Paul I, Prince Esterhazy, Imperial Field Marshal
• Paul II Anton Furst Esterhazy, Imperial Field Marshal
• Andreas Ivanschitz, Austrian footballer
• Franz Soronics, Austrian politician

honorary citizens

• Esterhazy, genus
• Joseph Haydn, composer
• Michael Haydn, composer
• Johann Nepomuk Hummel, composer and musician
• Josef Girtl (1810-1894) - physician and anatomist, also an honorary citizen of Vienna.
• Adam and Franz Liszt, musicians and composers
• Mordecai Mokiak, preacher
• Robert Musil, writer
• Maria Pershi, actress
• Josef Weigl, composer and conductor
• Emanuel Schreiber, rabbi
• Samson Wertimer, rabbi
• Hildesheimer, Azriel, rabbi

Eisenstadt - general information

Eisenstadt- the capital of the federal state of Burgenland in the east of the country. The city lies on the Wulka River at the southern slope of the Leithagebirges mountain and is surrounded by vineyards and the Esterhazy Nature Park. The city is divided into three parts: Freistadt, Eisenstadt-Oberberg, Eisenstadt-Unterberg. Eisenstadt has been the capital of Burgenland since 1925. Not far from the city is the Vienna International Airport "Schwechat" - the main air gate of Austria.

History of Eisenstadt

Eisenstadt has a rich history. The first mention of the city dates back to 1118. Then it was called Castrum Ferreum (Castrum Ferreum). The city has had its current name since 1373. During its existence, the city was in the possession of the Hungarian noble family of Kanischay, under the control of the Habsburgs, and again under the rule of the Hungarian princely house of Esterhazy. In 1648, the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Ferdinand III) issued a decree classifying Eisenstadt as a free city. In 1670, approximately 3,000 Jews expelled from Vienna are allowed to settle in Eisenstadt and six nearby settlements. In the 1760s, Joseph Haydn was appointed to the role of the prince's court bandmaster, and from that time the cultural and artistic life of the city began to flourish. 1897 was the year the city joined the country's railway network.

Sights of Eisenstadt

The sights of Eisenstadt include the Esterhazy Castle, the beautiful Baroque Bergkirche Church, the Franciscan Church, the City Hall, the Cathedral of St. Martin. There are several museums in Eisenstadt: the Haydn Museum, which tells about the life of the master, the Local History Museum, the Fire Brigade Museum, the Historical and Jewish Museums.

Neusiedler See lake is located 15 kilometers from the city, around which the national park is located. The total area of ​​the park is 20,000 hectares, eight thousand of which are located in Burgenland. Reeds grow along the shores of the lake, which creates excellent conditions for the habitat of birds. Here there are up to 280 varieties. Lake Neusiedler See is also rich in fish.

On the way from Eisenstadt to the south of the country, you can see numerous castles, which probably gave the name to the land of Burgenland (translated from German - "land of castles").

After the First World War, there was a three-year struggle for the statehood of Burgenland, and, accordingly, Eisenstadt. According to the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty in 1921, Burgenland went to Austria. However, the city of Odenburg (Sopron), originally envisaged as the capital of the land, passed to Hungary. Thus, instead of Odenburg on April 30, 1925, Eisenstadt became the capital of the state and the seat of the Burgenland government.