The main gate of the estate pokrovskoe streshnevo what has changed. Forgotten stories of Pokrovsky-Streshnev. Greenhouse. Central rotunda room

After a short break, we finally resumed our trips to the former noble estates. This time the choice fell on Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo, located in the north-west of the capital. I already knew that it was owned by the same family that owned Znamenskoye-Rayek near Torzhok, and I also heard that it was not so easy to get into this estate. Let's go for good luck, I thought that if they were not allowed into the territory, we would look at the beauty behind the fence. But fortunately, our trip fell on the day of cultural heritage on April 15 and everyone could go to the estate.

We parked the car at one of the towers of the massive brick fence built in 1880-1890. under the last owner, Evgenia Fedorovna Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva.

By the way, one of the architects, according to whose project the estate was rebuilt in the pseudo-Russian style, was the author of the household yard of the Leninskiye Gorki estate.

We approached the gate, which was closed, so we decided to look at the main house from the open territory of the Intercession Church.

On it, too, you need to go through a small gate. We did not go inside the church, we only examined what was around.

Now it has become fashionable to ennoble the territory near Orthodox churches, build viewing platforms, menageries, cafes and shops.

The church next to the main house in Pokrovsky-Streshnevo was no exception.

There is a playground, a poultry house, a cafe, a shop, various master classes are held and music is played. All for entertainment.

However, if you know the long history of this mansion, everything will fall into place. In the XIV century, on the site of this estate there was a village surrounded by a spruce forest.

Apparently that's why it was called Crafts. This village, together with neighboring lands, was granted to the boyar Rodion Nestorovich, the ancestor of the noble families of the Tushins, Kvashnins and Samarins. After this fiefdom, prominent statesmen E.I. Blagovo, A.F. Palitsyn and others. Approximately in 1600, a wooden church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos appeared and the estate received the second name Pokrovskoe. Documents indicate that already in 1646 the temple became stone. They say that not so long ago, restorers found fragments of walls made in the 17th century in a modern temple.

In addition, Peter Ivanovich rebuilt the Church of the Intercession, trying to beg for the life of his next child. It so happened that most of his children died shortly after birth. Only daughter Elizabeth survived, whom her father spoiled terribly from childhood, which, naturally, was reflected in her character. As a husband, she chose a man much older than herself, a widower, and even with a child F.I. Glebov. The father first opposed his daughter, and she married only a year after the death of her parent. Fyodor Ivanovich Glebov built an elegant palace in Pokrovsky for his young wife, named after her Elizavetino. Now nothing remains of it, according to the official version, the building was destroyed during an air raid in 1942. The main house was rebuilt in 1803-1806. already in the Empire style.

A park adjoined it, greenhouses were erected nearby. We now see the remains of this house in the center of the mansion of the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate.
So that the Streshnev family does not stop, Elizabeth received permission from the emperor for her descendants to be called the Glebov-Streshnevs. It is said that during her visit to Moscow in 1775 Elizavetino was honored with a visit by Empress Catherine the Great. In the 19th century, Pokrovskoye and neighboring estates became popular places for summer vacations. In 1864, the estate found a new owner - Princess Evgenia Feodorovna Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva. Since the male line of the family was once again stopped, the surname of the owners of Pokrovsky has already become triple. Under Yevgeny Feodorovna, the manor house was supplemented with brick side wings with towers, and the central part of the palace was also rebuilt. From the outside, it looked like an impregnable medieval castle.

After the revolution, the estate was taken away from the owners and firstly a sanatorium, then a museum, then the closed sanatorium of Aeroflot was arranged in it. In the 70s. In the 20th century, there were attempts to restore the main house, then the central part was returned to its original form. In 1992, the palace was badly damaged by fire. After that, attempts were made to restore it, however, due to disputes over the owner, all restoration work was suspended. The area around the main house was closed to the public. Gradually, the old mansion decays and collapses, and the park is overgrown.
Walking through the territory of the temple complex, we saw that you can go to the main house. There were quite a few people walking around. One uncle even approached those who were especially interested and offered to tell about the estate. To the side stood artists with easels trying to capture the unusual brick towers of the main house. We walked a little along the overgrown path of the park and saw a preserved ancient sculpture in the thickets, which apparently used to be an adornment of this place.

There were other statues in the park, but only this one survived. We go further, and we see a destroyed building with broken windows. Once it was a greenhouse.

We go around the house, admiring the elegance of the central part of the mansion, bas-reliefs and strict columns.

At the same time, powerful brick towers cause some kind of awe; mystical energy emanates from them. On one side, near the side wing, we see an obelisk and an elegant pine tree.

The Pokrovskoye-Glebovo-Streshnevo estate is located on the site of the Podyolka wasteland, which was first mentioned in the cadastral books of 1585. At that time, Elizar Ivanovich Blagovo, a prominent figure in the second half of the 16th century, owned it. The wasteland most likely owes its name to the spruce forests that prevailed in this area. At the beginning of the 17th century, A.F. became the owner of the wasteland. Palitsyn, who joined False Dmitry II, but then went over to the side of the legitimate authorities. In 1622, he sold the wasteland to the clerk Mikhail Feofilatievich Danilov, who was building a village here. In 1629, a stone "newly arrived Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, and in the aisles of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael and Alexei the Wonderworker" was erected in the village. Since that time, the history of the village of Pokrovskoye begins. According to the census book of 1646, there are 8 peasant households in it (according to other sources, at first the Church of the Intercession was wooden, the stone church was built later, in 1646). After the death of clerk Danilov, the estate was owned by F.K. Elizarov. In 1664 he sold Pokrovskoe-Podelki to Rodion Matveyevich Streshnev. At this time, there were already 220 households in the village. The Streshnevs owned the estate for 250 years. This clan was not noble until 1626, when Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov married Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva. From this marriage there were 10 children, including the future Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Since then, the family has advanced and occupied a prominent place in the court hierarchy. One of the owners of Pokrovsky, Elizaveta Petrovna Streshneva, married Fyodor Ivanovich Glebov and in 1803 obtained permission for her family to be called a double surname: Streshnevs-Glebovs. After that, the village of Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo received another name - Pokrovskoye-Glebovo. At the beginning of the 19th century, "houses for summer housing with all their accessories" were rented out in the vicinity of Pokrovsky. Dachas in Pokrovsky have always been considered fashionable and very expensive. In 1807, N.M. Karamzin lived here, who worked on the "History of the Russian State". In 1856, Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo was visited by L. N. Tolstoy, who visited Lyubov Bers there.

Subsequently, he married one of her daughters - Sofya Andreevna. Intercession Church is the oldest building in the area. Built at the beginning of the 17th century, it was rebuilt many times, reflecting the dominant architectural trends of different times with its appearance. In the middle of the 18th century, it was given magnificent features of the Baroque style and a refectory was added. And since 1822, the temple stood, rebuilt in the Empire style. In 1896 it acquired eclectic forms. The bell tower was built in the 1770s. The church fence with the front entrance and corner towers was built at the end of the 18th century. After the revolution of 1917, a museum was organized in the estate. In the 1930s, the museum and the church were closed, the bell tower of the church was partially destroyed. Divine services in the Church of the Intercession were resumed in 1994.

An object of cultural heritage of federal significance.

The Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo district got its name from an old estate. One side of it adjoins the Volokolamsk highway, and the other goes into a pine park. In the distant past, this area was called Podelki. There are references to the wasteland with that name, which until 1584 belonged to Stepan and Fyodor Tushin, and then was acquired by Elizar Ivanovich Blagovo, a famous political figure of the 16th century. The next owner of Podyelok was Andrey Fedorovich Palitsyn, a boyar's son, whose life was full of various events.

Tushino at that time was a wasteland, and after some time Palitsyn sold it to the clerk Mikhail Mikhail Feofilatievich Danilov. Danilov was a very successful official and a considerable fortune. In 1622, having bought land on the Khimka River, he turned the wasteland into a village, setting up a yard with business people there. According to the data of the Patriarchal Treasury Order, in 1629 a stone "newly arrived Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God was erected in the village, and within the limits of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael, and Alexei the Wonderworker, in the estate of the clerk Mikhail Danilov in the village of Pokrovsky - Podyolki". In about 20 years, Danilov expanded his possessions in this area by almost ten times.

For some time the owner of the estate was Fyodor Kuzmich Elizarov. This man began his service from the lowest position, and in 40 years he reached the rank of roundabout, in charge of the Local Order. Over the years of service, Elizarov managed to earn a good fortune. According to the revision tales, shortly before his death, he had 500 households, although initially there were 220 households.

In 1664, Rodion Matveyevich Streshnev became the owner of Pokrovsky. Almost 250 years from that moment, Pokrovskoye belonged to this family, which came to the fore after Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1626 married the daughter of a nobleman of humble origin Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva. Rodion Streshnev played an important role in the history of Russia. Throughout his life, he served the first four tsars of the new Romanov dynasty. It was he who from the end of 1670 served as an uncle under the future emperor Peter Alekseevich. Since Pokrovskoye did not promise much profit, Rodion Matveevich did not particularly deal with it. In 1678, in Pokrovsky there were "9 people of indentured people, 10 families of workers, there were 30 people in them, a clerk's yard, a peasant's yard, there were 7 people, and a Bobyl's yard, there were 3 people in it." An important role in the local economy was played by fish ponds dug on the Chernushka River.

After the death of Rodion Streshnev, Pokrovskoye passed to his only son Ivan, who in 1687 received a huge fortune, equal to 13.5 thousand acres of land in different counties. Then the estate passed to one of the sons of Ivan Rodionovich, Peter. After the decree "On the Liberty of the Russian Nobility" was issued, Petr Ivanovich Streshnev retired and devoted himself entirely to the economic affairs of his estate. So, in 1766, a new stone landowner's house was built in Pokrovsky. The mansion was considered small in size - on the first floor there were only ten rooms, made in the form of an enfilade. The furnishings of the house were quite modest, the main decoration of the estate was a collection of canvases, consisting of 25 portraits of members of the Streshnev family and 106 paintings.

The Streshnevs were a hospitable family, numerous relatives, as well as prominent statesmen of that era, often visited them. Despite the fact that the mansion in Pokrovsky was built for family needs, and did not differ in grand appearance, the Empress visited Pokrovsky during the days of the celebration of the Kyuchuk-Kainarji peace. This was at a time when Elizaveta Petrovna Glebova-Streshneva was the mistress of Pokrovsky.

This person deserves a more detailed story. From childhood, Elizaveta Petrovna was distinguished by a heavy and rebellious disposition. Her father was widowed early, and then eight of his children died, only his daughter survived, who was immensely pampered, fulfilling all her whims. Perhaps the only time Elizaveta Petrovna's father showed harshness towards his daughter was when he forbade her to marry Fyodor Ivanovich Glebov, a widower with a young daughter in her arms. But Elizaveta Streshneva did not back down from hers, and after the death of her father, she became Glebov's wife. She wrote the following about this: "I was never in love with him, but I realized that this is the only person over whom I can rule, while respecting him." The Glebov-Streshnevs had four children, of whom only two survived. Elizaveta Petrovna raised her children, and then her grandchildren, who remained with her after the death of her eldest son and the second marriage of a widow, harshly and even despotically. Her granddaughter, Natalya Petrovna Brevern, who did not hold a grudge against her grandmother, having reached old age, remembered her as one of the last examples of ancient tyranny, only without the outbursts and eccentricity that usually accompany it. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, indeed. Elizaveta Petrovna delivered the most cruel speeches without raising her voice (“only men and women shout”). With just a look of her own, she could put a man in his place. Only in old age did the lady's character soften.

Elizaveta Petrovna's brothers died when they were children, and there were no men who would continue this old Russian family. So that the surname would not be interrupted, in 1803 Elizaveta Petrovna won the right to be called Glebova-Streshneva, as well as to pass on the surname by inheritance. Under Elizabeth Petrovna, a new one was built instead of the old manor house. The building, made in the manner of classicism, had three floors. A regular garden with a fish pond and greenhouses was laid out next to the mansion. A menagerie was also set up, which contained deer, Chlen goats, Chinese, Persian and Cape geese, geese, swans, blue turkeys, peacocks and cranes. At a distance of a verst from the estate, on the steep bank of the Khimki River, a cozy summer house was built, it was called Elizavetino. The rest of the economy in the estate remained at the same level. In 1813 there were 300 acres of land and seven peasant households with 57 inhabitants.

The manor house in Pokrovsky was rebuilt several times, and took its final form only at the beginning of the 19th century. The first room that the guests entered was the lobby, which was decorated with a portrait gallery of the Romanov dynasty. In the upper part of the vestibule, a balcony-gallery was arranged; a wide front staircase with four columns led to it. In the corner stood two staffs with silver heads bearing coats of arms. In the old days, such tall staffs were used for parade trips; walkers with staves-maces ran in front of the carriage of an eminent nobleman and cleared the way. One of the Streshnevsky runners was the Negro Pompey. When it was decided to open a museum in the estate after the October Revolution, all the paintings were collected in one room - a portrait room. Two doors led from the portrait room to the other rooms. One - in the dining room, decorated in antique style, and the second in a large white room. The hall was decorated with columns of the Corinthian order, arranged in the form of an octagon, inscribed in the oval plan of the room. There was English furniture in the hall. It was lit by a bronze chandelier with crystal pendants, and the floor here and in the adjacent blue living room was paved with multi-colored pieces of wood. In the blue living room, the flowers were dyed to match the paper in which the sugar heads were packed at the time. It was kept in the most austere style. From the white hall it was also possible to go to the library, and from there - to the rooms overlooking the garden: studies and bedrooms.

The manor park consisted of a regular French half and a landscape English half. The park was formed in the 19th century. Its creators got rid of deciduous trees, and cultivated conifers - spruce, larch, pine. The regular park was decorated with numerous statues, both of low quality and marble sculptures by Antonio Bibolotti, which he made especially for the estate in Italy. Winding paths were laid in the English park leading to a cliff above the Khimka River, to Elizavetino's house. It was a small two-story building. The main part of the house was connected by columns to the side wings, forming a small cozy courtyard. From the balcony-terrace there was a picturesque view of the river.

After the death of Elizaveta Petrovna, Pokrovskoye passed to her grandson, Guards Colonel Evgraf Petrovich Glebov-Streshnev. Under him in 1852, there were 10 households in the village and 82 people lived, the master's courtyard and the church. Evgraf Petrovich also left no heirs in the male line, and his younger childless brother Fyodor Petrovich filed a petition to transfer his surname to Evgraf Petrovich's son-in-law. The State Council granted the petition, and Prince Mikhail Shakhovskoy since then began to be called Shakhovsky-Glebov-Streshnev, and transfer this surname to the eldest in the family. Shakhovsky's wife, the last mistress of the estate, was a very rich woman who shone in the world. Like many rich people, she was involved in charity work; during the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905, she gave her estate for the construction of an infirmary.

Under her rule, the manor house was rebuilt once again. The new building combined many architectural styles. The building was decorated with high brick towers in the Romanesque style and towers in the Russian style. The wooden completion of the house was painted like a brick. The restructuring of the house was carried out by academician of architecture A.I. Rezanov. A brick wall with towers was built around the estate.

Husband and wife Shakhovsky-Glebov-Streshnev were fans of the theater. Almost at the same time, they built two theater buildings, one in Moscow on Bolshaya Nikitskaya (now the Mayakovsky Theater), and the second in Pokrovsky. This manor theater differed significantly from those usually staged by Moscow landowners. A small theater building adjoining the house was built very soundly. It could be entered directly from the mansion. The auditorium was lit by candles, and on special occasions electricity was turned on. The provincial actor Dolinsky led the troupe. Performances in Pokrovsky were held once a week on Sundays, the princess herself took part in them.

The owner's estate was located on the outskirts of a pine park. The area was very picturesque, and Elizaveta Petrovna used this advantage to organize dacha fishing. Even at the beginning of the 19th century, there were summer country houses with all the necessary utensils. In 1807, Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin rented a dacha in Pokrovsky, and in 1856, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy often visited the Bersov family in Pokrovsky. Local dachas from the very beginning were very expensive, and were intended for people with great wealth. In order to isolate eminent summer residents from contacts with ordinary people, there were barriers and watchmen on the roads leading to the estate. The roads to the neighboring village of Nikolskoye were blocked in the same way.

By the mid-1880s, the village had grown considerably. There were 15 households with 263 inhabitants, two shops, 22 master and peasant dachas. After the Moscow-Vindava railway was put into operation in 1901, dacha life in Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo revived even more, and a dacha settlement grew up here in three or four years. In 1908, on the railway platform, a stone stationary building of the station was built according to the project of the architect Brzhozovsky. In the same year, a bus began to run from Pokrovsky to Petrovsky Park. Since people went to Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo on vacation and just for weekends or holidays, there were sometimes so many passengers that very long queues were created. The fare was set at 30 kopecks, and on holidays - 40 kopecks. The price for the season this year ranged from 100 to 2,000 rubles.

After the October Revolution, the manor housed a children's labor colony of the People's Commissariat of Railways. The pupils of the colony bred pigs, rabbits, poultry, worked in the garden and in the garden. Gradually, the colony grew into a children's town, which in 1923 was named after M.I. Kalinin. The structure of the town included a sanatorium for 70 places, 26 orphanages, 2 kindergartens, 2 children's colonies, a detachment of young pioneers. There were about a hundred buildings in which 1,509 children and 334 adults lived.

In 1925, a museum of art was briefly housed in the former manor house, but it did not last long. Gradually, the building began to be used as housing. Then, in 1933, Aeroflot set up a rest home for pilots here, and since 1970, the Research Institute of Civil Aviation worked in Pokrovsky. In 1949, Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo became part of the city, and in the 1970s, massive residential development began here.

On the right bank of the Khimka, opposite Pokrovsky-Streshnev, there was the village of Ivankovo, which has a lot in common with the history of the estate described above. In troubled times, the village was destroyed, and for some time there was a wasteland in this place. In 1623, the wasteland belonged to the Duma clerk Ivan Tarasevich Gramotin. It was a senior official. Initially, Ivan Tarasevich was written as Ivan Kurbatov, after his father, deacon Taras Kurbat Grigorievich Gramotin.

Ivan Gramotin amassed a considerable fortune throughout his career, and the methods by which he acted were not the most righteous. It is known that in 1607, while serving in Pskov, he robbed the peasants in the villages. Tortured and even tortured them. Using his high official position, Gramotin managed to acquire for himself the best palace villages, among which was Ivankovo.

Before his death, in 1638, Ivan Gramotin took the tonsure, and appointed the boyar Prince I.B. as his executors. Cherkassky and okolnichiy V.I. Streshnev. Interestingly, in the contribution book of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, where Gramotin made rich donations, and where he was buried, other people are indicated. Gramotin had no children, and a significant part of his fortune was written off for charitable purposes.

Ivankovo ​​after his death passed to the Streshnevs, and since then the history of Pokrovsky and this village has become common. In the middle of the 19th century, there were 8 households in Ivankovo ​​with 87 inhabitants.

After the peasant reform, industrial enterprises began to appear in the vicinity of the village. The paper-spinning factory of the merchant of the 2nd guild Suvirov was opened, and 8 years later the dyeing establishment of a local resident who signed up as a merchant, Dorofeev, who until that time worked at Suvirov's factory, began to work.

Dorofeev rented two acres of land from Princess Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva and built 11 small factory buildings on them. This enterprise produced and dyed paper fabrics. There were about 50 workers here, all of them were visitors, among them there were many children. Workers worked only during the day, but for 14 hours. The working conditions were very difficult, the temperature in the dryer reached 50 degrees Celsius, and the humidity was very high. In 1895 A.D. Dorofeev died, bequeathing his fortune to charity.

Downstream of the river, in the neighborhood of Dorofeev's factory, in 1880 V.P. Mattara, a French subject. The plant was engaged in the production of wire nails, gratings, hand presses, sofa springs. There was no ventilation system at the enterprise, and wood and metal dust had a detrimental effect on the health of workers. But earnings here were much higher than those of Russian manufacturers, and all dangerous drives and gears were isolated. In addition, by Mattara the working day was 11 hours. Mistress of Pokrovsky and Ivankov, Princess E.F. Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva was the lifelong chairman of the Moscow Society of Vacation Colonies. Under the summer dachas of the society, she gave two small dachas on her estate, where pupils of children's gymnasiums aged 8-10 years old came to rest. These were girls from poor families who needed treatment.

Ivankovo, like Pokrovskoye, was considered a popular dacha area. Viktor Andreyevich Simov, a well-known decorator, built his dacha here. It was a workshop arranged in the form of a steamer. The furniture was made of wood, sails acted as curtains on the terrace. The dacha was known as Chaika. After the October Revolution, it was nationalized, and a government rest house was located here.

Not far from Chaika, the famous theater actor Vasily Vasilyevich Luzhsky built his dacha. Near the house, he laid out a garden in which many varieties of roses and lilacs grew. Luzhsky himself looked after the garden, and introduced new varieties of flowers. In Ivankovo, a small brick chapel has been preserved, built in the late 20s of the last century according to the project of architect V. Borin.

In the post-revolutionary period, the dachas were nationalized, and sanatoriums and rest houses for party and Soviet workers were placed in them. In 1920, the children of I. Armand were here, and V.I. Lenin.

In 1931, a factory for children's educational toys and thermometers began to operate in Ivankovo. It employed about 350 people. There were not enough barracks for the workers, and wages were low, so the staff turnover at the enterprise was high. After the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal began, part of the factory territory was given over to the camp of the Dmitrovlag system. Here were the prisoners who built the canal. The canal bed passed through local lands, and a dam was built in Khimka, which formed the Khimki reservoir. Some time later, the village of Ivankovo ​​entered the boundaries of Moscow, and a street was named after her. Road and highway.

After the territory of the modern Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo district entered the boundaries of Moscow. It belonged to the Tushinsky district. In 1991, the Tushinsky district was divided into three: Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo, South and North Tushino.

Historical reference:

Only own photographs were used - date of shooting 12.08.2011

Address: Moscow, Volokolamskoe sh., 52.
How to get there: from Schukinskaya metro station on foot 900 m, from Voikovskaya metro station 1.4 km (20 min.). By public transport - by tram number 6 from the Voykovskaya metro station. From the Sokol metro station, by trolleybuses No. 12,70,82 to the stop. "Pokrovskoe-Glebovo". Railway platform Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo (Rizhskoe direction).
You can get to the Pokroveskoe-Streshnevo-Glebovo park as follows: from the station. metro station "Voykovskaya" by trolleybus number 6 or 43 to the stop "Cinema and concert hall "Swan", then walk 5 minutes.
Estate architect: A.I. Rezanov (restructuring of the manor house), A.P. Popov and O. Kolbe - a fence with towers.
Homestead security: manor house (1805), Church of the Intercession of the Virgin (c. 1622-1629), theater building, greenhouse, fence, park.

In 1664 the estate was acquired by R.M.Streshnev. Since that time, the estate has belonged to the Streshnev family for almost 250 years. This clan was considered ignoble until 1626, when Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich married Streshneva Evdokia. From this marriage there were 10 children, including the future Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Since then, the family has advanced and occupied a prominent place in the court hierarchy.
A verst from the estate, on the banks of the Khimki River, F.I. Glebov built an elegant two-story bathroom house, called "Elizavetino", as a gift to his wife. It was a real miracle of architecture and was distinguished by the perfection of forms and exquisite exterior decoration. Elizavetino was destroyed by a German bomb in 1942.
In 1807, N.M. Karamzin lived in the estate, who worked here on the “History of the Russian State”. Leo Tolstoy often visited here. Here he first met the twelve-year-old daughter of the Berses, who rented a dacha here, Sonechka, who, after 6 years of dating, became his wife.
E.F. Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva, who turned out to be the last owner of the estate, decided to turn the family estate into a kind of fairy-tale medieval castle. In 1880, according to the design of the architects A.I. Rezanov and K.V. Tersky, an original ensemble of lordly services was built here, planned in the form of a horseshoe. Two outbuildings in the form of stylized castle turrets were added to the end sides of the manor's house, and a superstructure was made over the old house in the form of a battlemented wooden tower painted like brick. In 1889-1890. According to the project of the architect F.N. Kolbe and A.P. Popov, a powerful stone fence with red brick towers in the pseudo-Russian style was erected around the estate, and later the old Church of the Intercession was rebuilt. Many guests came, especially in summer. Evgenia Fedorovna was very rich. She owned a villa in Italy, a yacht in the Mediterranean, and a railway carriage to travel south. However, she spent most of her time at her family estate.
In 1901, the Moscow-Vindava (now Riga) railway was built, and a railway platform was opened in front of the estate. In 1908, a stone station building of original architecture was built according to the project of the architect Brzhozovsky.
The princess, as the diagram from her archive shows, divided the estate into three zones: 1) the surroundings of the house with a regular park and greenhouses and paths in Elizavetino - for the personal use of the family and specially invited guests. 2) "Carlsbad", that is, the area above Khimka and behind the Ivankovskaya road. 3) The eastern part of the park from the road to Nikolskoye to the border with the lands of the village of Vsekhsvyatsky and with Koptevsky settlements.
After the revolution, the estate, together with the dachas, was requisitioned and turned into a sanatorium of the Central Committee, then transferred to the textile workers' rest home. In 1925, a museum was opened in the main house, in which the atmosphere of the former pre-revolutionary estate was recreated, but it did not last long. In 1928 the museum was closed and ruined. In 1933, a rest home for military pilots was arranged in the estate, since 1970 there was a research institute of civil aviation.
Today, in accordance with the historical and architectural plan of Moscow, the entire Pokrovskoye-Glebovo-Streshnevo area has been declared a protected area. The buildings of the pre-revolutionary estate are being restored. The red-brick fence with original castle towers has already been completely restored, work is underway to restore the Church of the Intercession.
The forest park Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo is one of the oldest large green areas of the city, where pine plantations aged 150-200 years have been preserved. Here the largest tree is white poplar, 35 m high and 1.29 m in diameter.
On the slopes near the former menagerie, a "arbor-half-rotunda" of old lindens, planted in a semicircle, has been preserved.
Interesting plantings of smooth elm: three trees were planted in one hole in order to get a tree with a thick trunk and an extensive spreading crown in a short time. The height of such a “triple” tree is 340 cm, and the diameter is about 111 cm. But there are trees, at a height of 2-3 meters, three trunks of which diverge. Also in the park there are clumps - close plantings with a rounded shape in plan, usually 12-18 trees. Powerful clumps on the shore of the pond are perceived from a distance as one picturesque giant crown. Somewhat closer to the pond, one can find strange-looking pine trees, the work of gardeners' hands, having the shape of a “horned deer”: low trees, the crowns of which consist of numerous, initially horizontally located thick branches, turning to vertical growth.
Completion of work on the estate and the park falls mainly in the second half of the 19th century under Princess E. F. Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva. She personally gave instructions to the gardener when to collect birch and pine seeds, where to plant them in the nursery. At the main house, at the tower in the fence and at the well, girlish grapes were planted, the shoots of which almost completely covered the walls of the three-story building. In 1886, a pine tree was planted near the theater building. Ferns and spirea were specially planted in the ravine.
The official title of the park area is currently "Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo Forest Park". There was an attitude towards it as to an ordinary forest.
The northwestern natural boundary of the park is the Khimka River, near which is the Tsarevna-Swan spring, the only clean source of drinking water in Moscow as of 2009. The spring is landscaped, has several water pipes, from which residents of neighboring and remote areas like to collect clean drinking water.
Pokrovskoye was damaged during the war of 1812. The French built a stable in the church. However, the property of the church survived, and soon it was re-consecrated.
In 1992, the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. Among the shrines are the icon of the Intercession of the Mother of God, the Revered Icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, a reliquary with the relics of several saints.

The main gate of the estate	The main gate of the estate	Manor Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo
Manor Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo	Manor Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo	Church of the Intercession
Church of the Intercession		The fence of the estate
The fence of the estate

The Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate is located in the district of the same name in the North-Western Administrative District of Moscow. The former noble estate is also known as Pokrovskoye-Glebovo and Glebovo-Streshnevo. The historical complex, formed in the 17th century, includes the main building (master's house), the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, preserved outbuildings and a vast forest park area with artificial ponds.

History and architecture

In 1626, Evdokia Streshneva became the wife of the first Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, and gave birth to 10 children, ensuring a strong line of succession to the throne. Since then, the small estate family of the Streshnevs has become noble and has taken a special place in the royal court.

The owner of the estate, Rodion Matveyevich, built a boyar court in the village of Pokrovskoye near Moscow, and in the floodplain of the Chernushka River he ordered to dig reservoirs for breeding fish. His grandson, general-in-chief Pyotr Ivanovich, expanded and rebuilt the family estate in the middle of the 18th century. The patrimony, through the efforts of descendants, acquired the appearance of a classic noble nest. A white-stone house appeared with a suite of 10 front rooms and a collection of paintings, numbering hundreds of paintings.

The general's daughter Elizabeth, who became Glebova in marriage, obtained from Tsar Alexander I the privilege of having a double surname (the Streshnev family was interrupted in the male line), so the name of the estate changed. The couple continued the large-scale reconstruction of the territory. On the coast of Khimki, a two-story "bath house" grew up - an elegant miniature palace called "Elizavetino" (destroyed in 1942 by a direct bomb hit). Empress Catherine II “ate tea” in it, about which Elizaveta Petrovna ordered to make a commemorative inscription in the living room. After the death of her husband, the hostess decided to change the look of the family house: instead of a baroque mansion, a three-story building in the Empire style and several greenhouses were erected.

In the 19th century, opposite the estate, there was a dacha settlement where the historian Nikolai Karamzin, the writer Leo Tolstoy, who met his future wife Sophia, and many other famous representatives of the creative intelligentsia: poets, artists, musicians, came here.

The last owner of the estate, Evgenia Fedorovna Shakhovskaya-Glebova-Streshneva, introduced many innovations: in 1880, all the buildings for household purposes were united by an architectural ensemble in the form of a horseshoe. The house was also rebuilt: the ends were decorated with outbuildings in the form of medieval towers, and the building, surrounded by red brick fortress walls in the manner of the Kremlin, became like an old Russian princely castle.

The princess spent most of her time in Pokrovsky, although she owned a villa in Italy, a yacht in the Mediterranean, and her own traveling carriage. In front of the homesteads, the Shakhovskaya railway platform was opened.

After the October Revolution, the Soviet government turned the expropriated property into a sanatorium. During the Great Patriotic War, a hospital was located in the former manor's quarters, since 1970 - a research institute of civil aviation. Since 1998, the entire Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo (Pokrovskoye-Glebovo) area has had the status of a specially protected natural area, but this did not save the unique object of cultural heritage of federal significance from desolation and destruction. The abandoned cultural monument, which became essentially ownerless, burned more than once. One of the fires destroyed the attic and damaged the galleries on the second floor. The interiors were severely damaged. The once luxurious decoration is in disrepair: stairs, balconies, balustrades, columns and bas-reliefs on the facades. Inside, carved doors, stucco on the ceilings, family coats of arms and fireplaces miraculously survived. In 2017, the estate was transferred to the operational management of the Moscow State Environmental Institution Mospriroda, which plans to begin restoration and restore the fading beauty created by the Streshnev generations over 250 years.

Park Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo

The forest park with an area of ​​about 220 hectares is one of the largest recreational locations in the capital, a popular place for picnics and recreation surrounded by wildlife among local residents and tourists. Paved paths for running and cycling, rollerblading, scooters. The string of Ivankovsky ponds in the southern and eastern parts is surrounded by decorative willows with spherical crowns. In quiet backwaters, beavers build dams, paying no attention to people. The natural boundary separating the forest from the metropolis in the northwest is the Khimka River, near which there is a spring "Tsarevna-Swan" with clean drinking water. The approaches to the water intake are equipped with wooden flooring.

The animal world is diverse: squirrels and muskrats are found here, numerous species of birds live - ducks, nightingales, woodpeckers, finches, buntings, tits, jays, blackbirds. A linden grove grows near the estate, then a mixed forest belt with oaks, elms, maples, birches, pines and larches begins. Spruces and cedars, mountain ash, apple trees are less common. Coniferous trees saturate the air with healing aromas of resins, which are mixed with the smells of herbs.

Even without knowing the area, it is impossible to get lost: navigation is facilitated by the signs installed everywhere and the map of the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo park. For walks there are paved paths and hiking trails, routes for cyclists have been created. In the shady alleys there are gazebos and wooden benches, sports and children's playgrounds are equipped with inventory. With the onset of dusk, street lighting is turned on. There are rental points for boats, bicycles, scooters, gyroscooters. Since a military unit is stationed nearby, you can often meet military personnel engaged in physical training in the forest. In winter, ski slopes are laid, slides are built. There are 3 places for barbecue with barbecues, tables and benches, urns and fire boxes with sand. Two brazier zones are located near the house 2-a on the 5th Voikovsky passage, one - from the side of the property 23-a on the Leningrad highway.

How to get to the park Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo

There are several entrances to the park from different streets, each with a parking lot.

The fastest way to get to the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo estate from the Rizhsky railway station is to take a suburban electric train and get off at the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo platform. Departure time and ticket price can be specified on Yandex Timetables.

It will be possible to get from the center of Moscow with transfers: for example, by metro to the Voykovskaya station of the Zamoskvoretskaya line, and then by train (you will need to walk 600 m to the Leningradskaya railway platform). From metro station "Schukinskaya" walk 900 m.

At the main entrance to the park there is a public transport stop "Pokrovskoye-Glebovo", through which bus No. 412, minibus No. 462 m, trolleybuses No. 12, 70, 82, coming from the Sokol metro station, and tram No. 6 from the metro station. Voykovskaya.

Another way is to take trolleybuses No. 6 or No. 43 to the stop “Theater Hall “Swan”, and then there is a 5-minute walk.

When traveling by private transport, the path to the Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo forest park lies along the Volokolamskoye or Leningradskoye highway. From the side of the 5th Voikovsky passage, free and spacious parking is provided. For those who value time and comfort, a mobile taxi application is useful: Uber, Gett, Yandex. Taxi, Maxim and other online services.