In what year was Pereslavl Zalessky founded? Pereslavl-Zalessky State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. Camping

Pereslavl-Zalessky- a city (since 1152) of regional subordination (urban district) in Yaroslavl region, administrative center Pereslavsky district, which is not included. Population - 40,028 people. (2015).

The city is located 140 kilometers from Moscow, on the highway M8"Kholmogory" Moscow - Arkhangelsk, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the confluence of the Trubezh River. Center of the Pleshcheyevo Lake National Park. The kilometer sign "140 km" is located in the city center at the turn from Svoboda Street to Rostovskaya Street. Terminal railway station on the freight line from Berendeevo (Moscow-Yaroslavl line).

The city is included in Golden ring Russia. In 2009, the city was visited by 292.6 thousand people, 91% of whom came here on a tour. At the same time, 2% of tourists (5.8 thousand people) were foreigners.

Flag	Coat of arms

Story

In 1152, Yuri Dolgoruky founded Pereslavl as a place of administrative princely administration, the construction of which begins with the construction of ramparts and the Transfiguration Cathedral.

By that time new town was one of the major political and cultural centers Northeast Rus'. In 1212-1302, Pereslavl became the head of a specific principality, the first prince of which was the grandson of Yuri Dolgoruky, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (1212-1240). Here, in 1220, his son Alexander Yaroslavich was born - a prominent political and military figure, known in the history of Russia as Nevsky. In the last quarter of the 13th century, under the son of Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry, Pereslavl became the de facto capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal land. View of the city from the walls of the Goritsky monastery

During the Tatar-Mongol yoke, the city was ravaged several times and burned by hordes of the Horde.

Pereslavl was a favorite fiefdom of Moscow princes and tsars. They made generous contributions to the construction and decoration of churches and monasteries. At the expense of Vasily III, the Trinity-Danilov Monastery was built in the 16th century. On the initiative of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, in 1564 the fortress walls, towers and cathedral of the ancient Pereslavl monastery, the Nikitsky Monastery, were rebuilt. In honor of the birth of the tsar's son Fyodor, the Cathedral of Fyodor Stratilat is being laid in the Fedorovsky Monastery.

In troubled times, the Pereslavl people were involved in the main clashes civil war and the city was in ruins. The revival of Pereslavl takes place in the 17th century.

Pereslavskoye Lake conquered the young Tsar Peter I, where he begins the construction of an amusing flotilla. From 1688 to 1692, more than 100 ships were launched, among which were several large frigates. This actually served as the basis for the Russian Navy. Pereslavl is called its homeland, and Lake Pleshcheyevo is called its cradle.

At the beginning of the 18th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky was the county center of the Moscow province, and at the end of the century it became part of the Vladimir province. Compared with other cities, not excluding Vladimir, Pereslavl-Zalessky surpassed them in vastness of size, population and number of buildings. It was the first city in terms of importance, trade and industry in the Vladimir governorate. One of the first Russian linen manufactories was founded here. New churches are also being built at the expense of the Pereslavl merchants. By the end of the 19th century, there were about 25 monasteries and 50 churches in the city and the county.

In modern Pereslavl-Zalessky there is a cotton spinning factory, the Slavich production association (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper, etc.), a mechanized stitching and embroidery factory; car repair, brick factories; clothing and furniture factories, food industry enterprises.

Among the most notable architectural monuments cities: Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral (1152), Church of Peter the Metropolitan at the Sovereign's Court (1585), Vladimirskaya (1745), Alexander Nevsky Church (1746), Sorokosvyatskaya in Rybnaya Sloboda (1775), Simeonovskaya (1771), Chernihiv Chapel (1702) , Sretenskaya Church (late 18th - early 19th centuries). Monastic complexes: Nikitsky (16th-19th centuries), Fedorovsky (15th-18th centuries), Danilo-Troitsky (16th-18th centuries), Goritsky (17th-18th centuries).

Monuments of civil architecture: the Temerins' mansion (second half of the 18th century), Gostiny Dvor, the Botik estate with a stone obelisk in honor of Peter I (his small ship- bot "Fortuna"). In the 1920s M. M. Prishvin visited Pereslavl-Zalessky. Near the city is the estate of F. I. Chaliapin, the cottage of the artist K. A. Korovin. As an echo of ancient pagan times, near the city there is Alexander's Hill, the top of which is called by the people Yarilina Plesh, and at its foot lies the legendary Sin-Stone, a place of worship for the pagans.

The city was founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as Pereyaslavl.

The name was given in honor of the more ancient city - Pereyaslavl-Russian (today's Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky in Ukraine). In turn, the latter was founded and named so by Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

Founded by Yuri Dolgoruky, the city was located behind the forests in Zalesye - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bfields and agriculture; Therefore, an additional definition was added to the name of the city: Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Since the 15th century, the pronunciation has changed to Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Around 1220, Prince Alexander Nevsky was born in Pereyaslavl.

In the years 1276-1294 (with a break), Dmitry Alexandrovich Pereyaslavsky, the son of Alexander Nevsky, who reigned in Pereyaslavl, was the Grand Duke of Vladimir, although his residence was still in Pereyaslavl. Thus, at this time, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky was the actual capital of northeastern Rus'. In 1302, after the death of Prince Ivan Dmitrievich, the city, according to his will, went to the Moscow principality. Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich tried to annex Pereyaslavl to his possessions, but the letter of the Horde Khan in 1303 confirmed the rights of the Moscow princes. In 1304, near Pereyaslavl, the united Moscow-Pereyaslav army completely defeated the Tver detachment that besieged the city under the command of the boyar Akinf.

In 1238 (after a five-day siege), 1252, 1281, 1282, 1294 (the city was burned down by Yaroslavl Prince Fyodor Cherny), 1382, 1408 and 1419 the city was taken and plundered by the Horde. In 1372, the city settlement was burned down by the raid of Prince Keistut. Starting from 1302, it was ruled by Moscow governors, and sometimes it was given out for feeding to alien princes. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Pereyaslavl was the patrimony of the princes of Moscow and was obliged to deliver fish to the court, which was reflected in the coat of arms of the city. This fish - Pereslavl vendace - is a delicacy subspecies with a special taste that lives only in Lake Pleshcheyevo, is currently listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Yaroslavl region.

In the autumn of 1374, the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich organized a meeting of Russian princes and boyars in Pereyaslavl, at which for the first time they discussed the issue of delivering the country from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

In 1608 the fortress was destroyed by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. The city suffered greatly during the Time of Troubles.

In 1688, Tsar Peter I on Lake Pleshcheyevo began the construction of a funny flotilla, which was the beginning of the Russian military fleet. In 1692, the construction of the flotilla was completed and a solemn review was held.

In 1708 the city was assigned to the Moscow province. Since 1719 - the center of the Pereslavl province of the Moscow province. Since 1778 - the county town of the Vladimir governorship, and then the province. Since 1929 - the center of the Pereslavl district of the Ivanovo industrial region. Since 1936, as part of the Yaroslavl region.

In 1884, a water pipe was built in the city.

From 1872 to 1917 the City Duma was in charge of the city. In 1994 it was recreated.

Heraldry

The first coat of arms was adopted on August 19, 1781. The coat of arms depicts two golden Pereslavl vendace in a black field “as a sign that this smoked fish is haggling” and a lion leopard as a symbol of the Vladimir governorship, to which Pereslavl then belonged.

The modern coat of arms of the city was adopted in 2002: in comparison with the old coat of arms, the upper part was removed in it, since the city no longer belongs to the Vladimir region, the image of fish has become more schematic. The flag of the city was adopted on February 7, 2002, outwardly similar to the coat of arms, but the vendace is black, and the field is yellow.

Population

In terms of population as of January 1, 2014, it is in 380th place out of 1100 cities Russian Federation.

Economy

The city is home to the PolyER and Slavich plants, the Kodak photochemical shop, the New world”, “Pereslavsky Bakery” (part of the Agro-Industrial Corporation “Stoilenskaya Niva”). Plastic disposable tableware and plastic packaging, PS-, PP-, PET-tapes are produced. Produced technical textiles, machine embroidery. Local mechanical engineering, the food industry, tobacco production, and the production of building blocks using volume-modular technology are well developed.

The institute of the UGP named after A.K. Aylamazyan operates in the city.

The city was famous for its tourist narrow-gauge railway (Pereslavl is the starting point of departure). The road was demolished in 2005.

Attractions

Monuments of church architecture: five architectural complexes monasteries and nine churches ( For more details, see the section "Religion").

On the territory of the Goritsky Assumption Monastery of Pereslavl-Zalessky, located at the entrance to the city from Moscow, there is a bust of the founder of the city, Yuri Dolgoruky, by Sergei Orlov (1949). The bust was cast in bronze by G. Savinsky in 1950. The bust, in fact, is a sketch of the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow, whose design competition Sergey Orlov won in 1946.

In the center of Pereslavl, the city rampart surrounding historical Center cities. Rybnaya Sloboda stretches along the Trubezh River.

Museums and exhibitions:

• Pereslavl-Zalessky historical and architectural and art museum-reserve
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I" (since 1803, the first provincial museum in Russia), where the boat "Fortune" has been preserved
• Pereslavl Dendrological Garden
• iron museum
• Museum "House of the teapot"
• Steam Locomotive Museum
• Museum of cunning and ingenuity
• Teapot Museum
• Craft Museum
• Center for Conservation and Development folk traditions"House of Berendey"

2 km northwest of the city is the archaeological site "Kleshchinsky complex", the center of the complex is ancient city Kleshchin, from which the ramparts of the 12th century have been preserved. The object of worship of the pagans has been preserved - the Blue Stone, a huge boulder of dark blue color weighing 12 tons. A few kilometers from Pereslavl-Zalessky, in the village of Talitsy, there is the Pereslavl Railway Museum.

Religion

There are six monasteries in the city, four are active:

• Goritsky Monastery (closed in 1744, museum)
• Nikitsky monastery
• Nikolsky Monastery
• Sretensky Novodevichy Convent (closed in 1764)
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery

In the XVIII-XIX centuries it was the center of the Pereslavl diocese. Later, the Pereslavl Theological School worked in the city.

There are nine churches in the city, of which the notable ones are:

• Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the 12th century, ancient monument architecture of North-Eastern Rus';
• tent church of Peter the Metropolitan (1585).

mass media

• TV channel "Pereslavl"
• Newspaper "Pereslavl Week"
• Newspaper “Nezavisimaya Gazeta. Life in Pereslavl"
• Newspaper "Pereslavskaya life"
• Radio station "Good FM", 90.7 FM
• Portal "In step with the times"

Public transport

• No. 1 - "JSC" Slavich "" - "settlement. Agricultural machinery»
• No. 4 - "settlement. Youth "-" Medical unit of JSC "Slavich"
• No. 5 - "Sokolka" - "JSC" Slavich ""
• No. 6 - "settlement. Youth" - "Selkhoztekhnika"
• No. 7 - "Mr" Avoska "" - "Agricultural machinery"
• No. 8 - "microdistrict. Chkalovsky - JSC "Slavich"
• No. 9 - "Big Brembola" - "JSC" Slavich ""
• No. 10 - Yaroslavl Stores - Lake "

Gallery

• 

  M. Presnyakov,
  Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. View from the shaft.
  Boom., aqua.; 1993.

Pereslavl-Zalessky as the future capital of North-Eastern Rus' was founded in the middle of the 12th century by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. On a swampy plain, he founded a huge city at that time, only Kyiv and Smolensk were larger than it. Pereslavl-Zalessky is included in the tourist route of the Golden Ring of Russia: there are several ancient monasteries and churches, authentic ritual objects of pagan Rus' and other historical monuments.

We offer you to get acquainted with the cultural sights of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Nikitsky monastery. Photo: Natalia Volkova / photo bank "Lori"

Transfiguration Cathedral

The Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior is the only one of the white-stone churches of North-Eastern Rus' that has come down to us almost completely intact. The cathedral was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152, and completed by his son, Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. Here in the XIII century Alexander Nevsky was baptized, Daniel of Moscow, Ivan III and Ivan the Terrible came here.

After the building of the cathedral was badly damaged by the Golden Horde assault, the cathedral was restored and re-consecrated. For this event, the icon painter Theophanes the Greek painted the famous icon of the Transfiguration - today it is in the Tretyakov Gallery. A copy of this icon is placed in the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral.

Trinity Danilov Monastery

At the beginning of the 16th century, the monastery was founded by the confessor of Grand Duke Vasily III, monk Daniel. By the 1530s, in honor of the birth of the princely heir - the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible - the Trinity Cathedral was erected in the monastery. Daniel became the godfather of Ivan Vasilyevich. Inside the cathedral is decorated with frescoes by the famous master Gury Nikitin. Today, the Trinity Cathedral is the second oldest temple in Pereslavl-Zalessky after the Transfiguration Cathedral.

The monastery survived two ruins. During the Time of Troubles, it was looted and burned - only stone buildings. Later, the monastery was revived by Kostroma masters. The heyday of the monastery came when Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich of Rostov discovered the relics of St. Daniel - pilgrims began to come to the monastery. In Soviet times, the Danilov Monastery was again plundered and then closed. All of its bells were removed and sent to be melted down. The monastery began to be restored when the monastery was taken over by the museum. It was returned to believers only in 1995.

Feodorovsky Pereslavl Convent

Initially, the monastery was male. It was laid in memory of the fierce battle of 1304 between the troops of Prince Yuri Danilovich of Moscow and Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich of Tver. Muscovites won on June 8 - the day of Theodore Stratilates. After the birth of his son Theodore in 1557, Tsar Ivan the Terrible erected a cathedral in honor of Saint Theodore on the territory of the monastery. This temple became the main cathedral of the monastery, it has been preserved to this day.

Since 1667, by decision of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the Feodorovsky Monastery was transformed into a convent. By the middle of the 18th century, it reached its peak - women from royal families, including the mother and sister of Peter I, made large donations for the development of the monastery. Vvedenskaya and Kazanskaya churches were built here. After the revolution, the monastery was closed, and the nuns were dismissed. The monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church only in 1998.

blue stone

On the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo is the legendary Blue Stone - part of an ancient pagan sanctuary. This is a genuine ritual object that has survived to this day from the time of pagan Rus'. After rain, the color of the stone changes from gray to blue - thanks to this phenomenon, the stone got its name.

A few decades ago, the height of the Blue Stone reached human height, now the stone goes underground - today its height is about half a meter. Modern tourists make wishes here - the surface of the Blue Stone is covered with coins and flowers.

Pereslavl-Zalessky State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve

The museum was opened in 1919 on the territory of the former Assumption Goritsky Monastery. The monastery was abolished in 1788. The Holy and Passage Gates of the monastery with the Gatekeeper's Chamber and the gatehouse St. Nicholas Church have survived to this day, they are called masterpieces of Russian architecture of the 17th century.

The museum collection includes more than 90 thousand exhibits: items of noble life and peasant use, icons of Pereslavl and Moscow masters of the XV-XVIII centuries, a collection of wood carvings and wooden sculpture, works of representatives of disappeared professions - silversmiths, goldsmiths and gold embroiderers.

Museum-Estate "Boat of Peter the Great"

"Boat of Peter I" - a museum where the only surviving ship of the "amusing flotilla" of Peter the Great "Fortuna" is presented. The young tsar created a training flotilla on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo at the end of the 17th century. In August 1803, a museum was opened here, on its pediment it was carved in gold: "To the great Peter, zealous Pereslavl."

The exposition "At the beginning of glorious deeds" contains authentic items of the Peter the Great flotilla - tools, ship parts, equipment and weapons. Ship decorations made by the masters of the Armory are of great value. Here the "Room of Peter I" is recreated - a reconstruction of the interior of one of the rooms of the royal palace.

More cultural objects in the cities of the Golden Ring -

City, r.c., Yaroslavl region It was first mentioned in chronicles under 1152. like mountains. Pereslavl, founded by the book. Yuri Dolgoruky. Oikonym moved from the Kyiv land, where mountains. Pereyaslavl is already mentioned under 907. From the 15th century. to be different from others... Geographic Encyclopedia

Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. View of a part of the city. PERESLAVL ZALESSKY (before the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, in Russia, on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the Trubezh River. 43.4 thousand inhabitants. Railroad station. Manufacture of magnetic tape, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

PERESLAVL-ZALESSKY- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, on the shore of the lake. Pleshcheevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh, 21 km from the railway station. d. st. Berendeevo. 45.2 thousand inhabitants (1998). PA Slavich (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper, etc.); light, food industry. ... ... Russian history

Pereslavl-Zalessky- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region of the RSFSR, on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as one of the fortified points that covered the Rostov-Suzdal land. Remains of urban earthworks have been preserved ... ... Art Encyclopedia

Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. Pereslavl Zalessky, a city in the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Pereslavl district, 124 km to southwest from Yaroslavl. Located in the northeastern part of Klinsko Dmitrovskaya ridge, to the south east coast Lake Pleshcheyevo, at ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

PERESLAVL-ZALESSKY- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) a city in the Russian Federation, Yaroslavl region, on the shore of the lake. Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh. Railroad station. 43.5 thousand inhabitants (1993). Slavich Production Association (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper and ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Pereslavl-Zalessky- n., number of synonyms: 1 city (2765) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Pereslavl Zalessky- The city of Pereslavl Zalessky Flag Coat of arms ... Wikipedia

Pereslavl-Zalessky- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) a city of regional subordination, the center of the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region of the RSFSR. Located on the southeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the confluence of the river. Trubezh. Connected on a branch line with the Berendeevo station (on ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

PERESLAVL-ZALESSKY- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) city, r. c, Pereslavsky district in the Yaroslavl region. RSFSR. Located on the east. shore of the lake Pleshcheevo, at the confluence of the river. Trubezh, 21 km from the railway station. d. st. Berendeyevo. As of 1 Jan. 1964 27 vol. (1897 ca. 9.5 vol.). Main in 1152 books. ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Books

• Pereslavl-Zalessky, Novikov Rostislav, Cherkasova Ariadna. Pereslavl-Zalessky - one of the oldest Russian cities - is located one hundred and forty kilometers from Moscow, on the picturesque shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. It is included in the Golden Ring of Russia and is famous for not… Buy for 4166 UAH (Ukraine only)
• Pereslavl-Zalessky, Novikov R., Cherkasova A. Pereslavl-Zalessky - one of the oldest Russian cities - is located one hundred and forty kilometers from Moscow, on the picturesque shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. It is included in the Golden Ring of Russia and is famous for…

Travel decorates our life, makes it interesting and meaningful. To the question - where to go? - a knowledgeable local historian will probably answer, - choose the Golden Ring of Russia, you will not regret it. And he will be right, because it includes ancient cities with unique monuments of history and culture. As a rule, there are centers of folk crafts here. The fundamental route includes 8 cities: Suzdal, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Rostov the Great, Sergiev Posad, Kostroma, Ivanovo and, of course, Pereslavl-Zalessky. However, it is hardly worth trying to visit all these places at once. Stretch the pleasure, start, for example, with Pereslavl-Zalessky. From Moscow, you will have to drive off only 140 kilometers. You can do this by bus, train, and in your own car, even the bicycle route is well developed.

Already in the name of the city, an epic echo is heard, the hero Peresvet immediately comes to mind, and the meaning of the root “glory” cannot be confused with any other. And such a name of the city is justified, because it was founded in the 12th century by a very famous historical character Yuri Dolgoruky. The famous commander Alexander Nevsky was also born in it. And although today Pereslavl-Zalessky is just a regional center in the Yaroslavl region with a population of just over 40 thousand people, at one time it played the role of the capital of northeastern Rus'.

Today, Pereslavl-Zalessky, despite its modest status, is very visited. Every year it receives up to 350 thousand people, the vast majority of this flow is excursion and tourist, many foreigners, since the city has preserved unique monuments. Among them is the most old church the central part of Russia is the Transfiguration Cathedral, dating from the 12th century.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is located on the banks of Lake Pleshcheyevo, where the Trubezh River flows into, geographically it is the upper reaches of the Volga. The lake itself is called the most beautiful in the Central Russian strip, its coastline stretches for 27 kilometers. Almost 20 species of fish are found in the waters of the lake, including the famous delicacy vendace listed in the Red Book, which flaunts on the coat of arms of the city. It has been 15 years since the lake's surroundings received the status of a national park. Its landscapes are beautiful thanks to the massifs of aspen, birch, pine, spruce, oak, linden. In silence protected area you can meet maral deer, roe deer, peregrine falcon, black stork, swan.

But they begin the inspection, as a rule, from the city itself. With pride, the guides show the surviving and lovingly restored monuments of ancient Russian architecture. In the very center - Red Square and the Kremlin, which includes real pearls of Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. The temple ensemble is a high example of the art of ancient architects who embodied the strength and spiritual power of our ancestors in the forms of their creations. In total, it is proposed to inspect 6 complexes of ancient monasteries and 9 churches, many of them remain active. It is interesting that the city rampart has been preserved in the center, reinforcing the idea of ​​the past of the glorious city.

Such inspection excursion program is far from over. You will definitely be shown the museum-estate "Boat of Peter 1". The fact is that on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo, the young tsar ordered the construction of a funny flotilla, which, not without reason, is considered the cradle of the Russian military fleet. You can also see interesting expositions at the Museum of the Iron and the Museum of the Kettle. Samples of these household items are more than one hundred years old. A testament to a later era is the Museum of Steam Locomotives. No less interesting is the center of crafts and crafts "Berendey's House", where skillful handicrafts of local masters of wood painting are collected. Another most interesting excursion object- Pereslavl dendrological garden.

Today, tourists-travelers like to visit the so-called places of power. Two kilometers from Pereslavl-Zalessky is the ancient city of Kleshchin, on the territory of which the Blue Stone has been preserved, which was worshiped by pagans. This is a huge boulder of dark blue color, which, according to pilgrims, has healing properties.

Although Pereslavl-Zalessky is primarily a monument of ancient Orthodox architecture, modern realities have also been written off in his life. The University is 20 years old. The photochemical branch of the Kodek factories is successfully operating, technical textiles are being produced, and the production of machine embroidery is operating.

It is clear that in one day it is simply impossible to see all the sights. But the city is focused on receiving tourists, so there are many hotels, hotels, guest houses in it, booking is possible via the Internet.

The choice is yours - to come to Pereslavl-Zalessky as part of an organized tourist group or travel on your own. In both cases, you will get a lot of impressions, take away with you beautiful souvenirs and keep the memory of ancient capital northeast Rus'.