Excursion fortress Chufut Kale. Excursion objects of the ancient city. History since joining the Russian Empire

One of the largest cave settlements- Chufut-Kale - is located just three kilometers from the Bakhchisarai Palace. Presumably this medieval city arose in V-VI centuries like a Byzantine fortification. Proximity to Bakhchisaray makes it one of the most visited places on the peninsula by tourists.

History of Chufut-Kale

The city is located on a small plateau Burunchak and is surrounded deep gorges. natural landscape and the fortress walls provided security for the settlement, it was very difficult to get here. The only way is mountain path which connected the inhabitants with the rest of the world.

The first inhabitants of the caves were the Alans, a powerful Sarmatian tribe and allies of Byzantium, who settled in the mountainous Crimea. Mentions of the settlement in these places are found in written sources from the 13th century. Fortress on impregnable grief was known under the Turkish name Kirk-Or. In 1299, the hordes of the Tatar emir Nogai raided the peninsula, and Kyrk-Or was destroyed along with other cities. The Tatars stayed in the city for a long period, placing a military detachment here.

A new stage in the life of the city began in the 14th century, when the Karaites settled on the eastern side of the fortifications and built the second row of fortress walls. Under them, Kyrk-Or became a major trade and craft center. And from the middle of the 15th to the beginning of the 16th century, Kyrk-Or became the first residence of the Crimean khans and was called Kyrk-Yer.

After the transfer of the capital of the Crimean Khanate to Bakhchisaray, only Karaites remained in the fortress, under them the settlement grew, and its East End became known as Yany-Kale, which means "new fortress", and the ancient part of Eski-Kale, which means " old fortress". According to one version, the whole city then began to be called Juft-Kale, which means "Steam Fortress", this name was transformed into the current Chufut-Kale. There is also a version that Juft-Kale meant a Jewish fortress, since the Karaites were of the Jewish faith.

By the end of the 19th century, after the Karaites left these places, Chufut-Kale was empty.

Before the revolution, temples operated in the fortress, holidays of the Karaite community were celebrated, prayers were held. They were kept in order at home, the dead were buried in the family cemetery. Until the 20s of the 20th century, a caretaker, watchmen and several families lived in the city.

Fortress today

cave city Chufut-Kale is one of the most interesting monuments on the peninsula. Since the 20th century, many writers and artists have visited the fortress, among them was Ivan Kramskoy. The artist saw landscapes in the desert area of ​​Chufut-Kale that reminded him of Palestine. And Vladimir Nabokov, having visited these places, wrote: "I have seen dead city: the pits of former dungeons, deaf temples, the silent hill of Chufutkale ... I saw heaven shine, a blissful, flinty path, and a humble skete, and ancient cells in the rock.

To this day, four-tier battle caves, connected by internal passages, have been preserved at the Southern Gates of the city. Cellar caves, water pipes, remains of city blocks, defensive walls and temples were also found. Buildings of different periods have been preserved, among them: the mausoleum of Janike-Khanym, the daughter of Khan Tokhtamysh; the remains of the Khan's palace, mosque and mint; a rich estate with economic caves Chaush-Kobasy, a residential estate of the 19th century, which belonged to the Karaite historian A. Firkovich.

In addition to a historical monument, Chufut-Kale is also interesting as a unique natural object, where architecture merged with miraculous cave labyrinths. From the plateau, to which a winding road leads, a stunning view of the nature of the Crimean peninsula opens up.

One of the most famous cave cities Crimea. It is located on the outskirts of Bakhchisarai, in the Staroselie area or, as it is also called, Salachik. Chufut-Kale is a fortress in which no one else lives.

Chufut-Kale on the map:

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Story

The city of Chufut-Kale appeared, according to various estimates, in the 5th-6th centuries AD. historical name this settlement has not survived. Researchers believe that the site of Chufut-Kale used to be the city of Fully, which was built to strengthen the Byzantine influence in the Crimea during the time of Justenian I. The city with this name is found in various sources, but historians cannot unambiguously determine which of the currently known settlements matches him. If, nevertheless, the Fulls were here, they were built as early as 576. Then the population of the city consisted mainly of Alans.

During the reign of the Kipchaks in the Crimea (in Russian sources - Polovtsy), the city began to be called Kyrk-Er. In 1299, Kyrk-Er was taken by storm and plundered by the troops of the Golden Horde. Since then, the city has become the center of a small principality, which was in vassal dependence on the Mongol-Tatars. Starting from the 14th century, Karaites began to settle in the city - a small people who still live in the Crimea. Karaites are one of the highlights of Crimea, there are about two thousand of them left in the whole world, and most of all Karaites now live in Crimea. In the 14th century, they began to move to the cave city, among other things, because they experienced persecution in other cities of the Crimean Khanate, which began to form in these years.

Kyrk-Er was the residence of the first Khan independent Crimea Haji I Giray. His descendants founded new town on the site of the Salachik district in Bakhchisarai. Only Karaites and a small number of Krymchaks remained to live in the fortress. In the 17th century, the toponym “Kyrk-Er” was replaced by “Chufut-Kale”, which can be translated from the Crimean Tatar as “Jewish fortress”. The Karaites themselves still prefer to use another toponym - “Dzhuft-Kale”, which can be translated as “double fortress”. Despite the fact that no one has lived on the territory of the fortress for a long time, the Karaites still revere it as the cradle of their people. On the territory of Jufut-Kale there is an active Karaite kenassa - the spiritual institution of the Karaites.

After the entry of Crimea into the Russian Empire restrictions on the residence of Karaites and Krymchaks were lifted, and they began to leave the fortress and move to other Crimean cities. By the end of the 19th century, Chufut-Kale was completely abandoned by the inhabitants.

Tour of the fortress

south gate

There are also such variants of the name: Small Gate, Secret Gate, secret gate, Kichik-Kapu gate. It is through this gate that tourists enter the fortress.

Caves in Chufut-Kale

Mausoleum of Janyke Khanum

Daughter of Khan Tokhtamysh, a descendant of Genghis Khan. She was a very influential person in the Crimea. After Janyke's husband Edigei betrayed her father, Tokhtamysh sent an army to pacify his son-in-law. In 1420, the battle between Kadyr-Berdy Khan and Edigey took place, in which both died - thus Janike lost her husband and only brother. From that moment on, she is the eldest of the Tokhtamysh family, and therefore the first who can claim real power in the Crimea. So Janyke became the ruler of Kyrk-Er. She died in 1437.

observation decks

Karaite kenassa

Gate of Orta Kapu

Biyuk-Kapu Gate (Great Gate)

the main street

Infrastructure

• There is a toilet on the territory of the fortress.
• There are no places for rest - gazebos, benches, etc.
• Take food and water with you, you will not be able to buy them in the fortress.
• On the way to Chufut-Kale, there are many stalls with souvenirs, and in hot weather they sell cold kvass.

How to get there

The hiking trail to Chufut-Kale starts from the Holy Dormition Cave Monastery. A wide concrete road leads deep into the forest along the bottom of the Maryam-Dere valley. Gradually, the road turns into a path that leads past the Gaza-Mansur cemetery and gradually leads upward, to the rocks in which the fortress was carved.

Cost and time of visit

Ticket offices are open daily from 9.00 to 17.30.
The expositions are open to the public until 18.00.
Sightseeing tour of Chufut-Kale. Adults - 200 rub., students - 100 rub.

Privileges:

• veterans of the Great Patriotic War;
• children under 7 years old;
• orphans and children left without parental care,
• who are pupils of orphanages and boarding schools;
• disabled people of 1 and 2 groups;
• a person accompanying a disabled person of groups 1 and 2;
• Heroes of the Soviet Union;
• Heroes Russian Federation and persons equated to them;
• full cavaliers of the Order of Glory;
• conscripted military personnel;
• former prisoners of concentration camps and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Great Patriotic War;
• museum staff;
• the head of a group of children aged 7 to 14 years old - for 10 underage tourists, aged 14 to 18 years old - for 15 underage tourists;
• a guide (guide), a guide-interpreter who has passed certification in accordance with the procedure established by the Ministry of Resorts and Tourism of the Republic of Crimea, accompanying an organized group of tourists (tourists);
• members of official delegations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and other countries, participants of significant international and republican events in agreement with the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Crimea.

Crimea is unique place for recreation at any time of the year. Sea, mountains and numerous historical monuments make the peninsula unique. Visiting the Crimea Special attention should be given to the latter, because thanks to historical objects you can learn the history of several civilizations. One of these Crimean places is the Chufut-Kale fortress.

The historical complex of Chufut-Kale, located on a mountain plateau just 2 km from Bakhchisaray, the height of the cave city of Chufut-Kale above sea level is meters.

There are several options for the name of the ancient settlement:

• Chufut Kale- “Jewish fortress”, this is how the name of the fortress sounds in Crimean Tatar.
• Kyrk-Er, so the city was called during the period of Khan's domination,
• Sela Yuhudim- "Rock of the Jews", a similar name can be found in the literature of the Karaites until the 50s. 19th century.

The area where Chufut-Kale is located was perfect for living - a picturesque valley, a reserve fresh water, a rock with a plateau, which has become a wonderful shelter from uninvited guests.

History of the cave city and monastery

There is no reliable information about when Chufut-Kale was built, excavations show that ancient people settled here in the Neolithic era, and later there was a tribe of Tauris.

According to one of the historical theories, around the 6th century, Byzantium built on mountain top a fortress for their allies - the Alans, the settlement was called Fulla. Already later in the 10th century, there was a Goth-Alanian principality, an ally of the Byzantine Empire, where the Gothic tribes lived on Mangup, and the Alanian on Chufut-Kale.

Almost no historical information about this state has been preserved, only in the 3rd century there is a mention that these territories were subjected to raids by the Tatars, and in 1299 the city was plundered by the Nogai horde.

The captured territories of the Tatars were called Kyrk-Or, where a vassal principality was organized, on the territory of which the Karaites lived. After some time, the city for a short time becomes the capital of the Crimean Khanate, and here was the residence of Khan Naji Gerai, a little later the capital was transferred to Bakhchisaray and the outflow of Tatars from the city began. During the period of Tatar domination, high-ranking captives were kept in the city fortress, and a mint was also set up here.

After the city lost the status of the capital and left it local population, and not only Tatars, but also Christians left it, practically only Karaites remained in the city, whose movement was limited by Tatar laws. Since that time, the city began to be called Chufut-Kale - "Jewish Rock", the name was specially given a disparaging connotation.

INTERESTING! The name was not given by chance, since the Tatars considered the Karaites, who professed one of the branches of Judaism, to be Jews.

After the signing of the Kyuchuk-Kaynardzha Treaty in 1774 and the arrival of Russians, another outflow of city residents began, the restriction on the residence of Krymchaks and Karaites was lifted and they gradually began to leave, and in the 19th century only the caretaker's family remained here.

On the territory of the stone Chufut-Kale there is a functioning Holy Dormition Monastery.

The monastery arose here because of the persecution of the Byzantine Empire against the monks, who were forced to run away and settle in the Crimea. Gradually in mountainous areas monastic cloisters begin to appear - Kachi-Kalyon, Shuldan, Chelter, but the Tatar raids of the 13th century destroyed them. Assumption became practically the only surviving monastery monastery, which after 200 years becomes the center of Crimean Orthodoxy, the residence of the metropolitan was also located here.

INTERESTING! There is another version of the origin of the monastery - in ancient times, a snake lived in Mairam-dere, which destroyed both people and animals. The population began to ask the Mother of God for protection, and she helped - the snake disappeared for them, and on August 28, an icon appeared right on the rock, and a burning candle in front of it. When people transferred the icon to the prince's house, in the morning the icon disappeared and reappeared near the rock. People decided not to endure the miraculous image anymore, but to cut a staircase to it, around which a monastery arose, named after the Assumption. Holy Mother of God.

The Chufut-Kale monastery was respected not only by Christians, but even the first khan from the Gerey dynasty, Hadji I, asked for help from the face of the Virgin before military campaigns, and later, after the victory, he sent rich gifts - wax.

The monastery also had patrons among the Russian monarchs - Tsars Fedor I and Boris Godunov, Catherine II and Alexander I donated money.

The cost of visiting the complex

Visit price ancient city is:

• For adults -200 rubles,
• Pensioners -150 rubles,
• Children 16-18 years old and students -100 rubles.

The ticket price does not include excursion support, for it you need additional fee:

• Adults - 100 rubles,
• Children and students 100 rubles,
• Pensioners - 100 rubles,
• If serviced excursion group, ticket - 1500 rubles.

Official site of the cave city of Chufut-Kale (combined with the Bakhchisarai Palace) - handvorec.ru

How to get there by car, taxi, public transport

If you get to the cave city of Chufut-Kale on public transport, then for this you need to leave the bus station in Bakhchisarai by bus number 2 to the stop "Staroselye", but this is not the only transport that provides the opportunity to get here, it also oversees many minibuses, but it should be clarified whether they reach this stop. It takes about an hour to walk from Staroselye to the complex, numerous signs can help with this. The monastery complex will be the first to appear, after a half-hour climb up the mountain, Chufut-Kale will also appear.

Chufut-Kale on the map (how to get there by car):

To get here by car take about 15 minutes. To do this, you need to drive in Bakhchisarai along the streets of Zhdanov, Lenin, Rocky, however, having reached the Assumption Monastery, you will have to leave the car, then it is not possible to move only on foot.

It is also possible to travel by taxi or with the help of jeeps, which will take you through the most picturesque valleys directly to the Assumption Monastery.

Excursions in Chufut-Kale

Excursions around Chufut-Kale leave an indelible impression on all "guests". Almost the entire city is carved into the rock, some buildings reach three floors. There used to be two entrances to the city, and he himself was protected by a man-made wall and rocks. Inside there were barracks, a mosque, living quarters, the Khan's palace and a mint, and food market.

During the tour, tourists have the opportunity to wander through the ancient caves - the "Christian cave complex", although there is no evidence that Christians used them for religious purposes.
Behind the cave complex is "Kenasskaya Street", where houses for prayers of the Karaites are well preserved, then they are followed by a series of ruins that end with the Janike-Khatun mausoleum - the most beautiful building the entire cave complex.

Behind the Tatar tomb, the most ancient building complex - a defensive wall, with defensive ditches, here are the gates of Orta-Kapu, connecting the ancient part of the city with the city of Karaites. Also in this part of the fortress city there is a two-tiered cave, which is sometimes called a prison, and the eastern wall with the remains of a tower and a foundation. imperial palace.

In addition to the ancient city, you should definitely visit the Assumption Monastery. It is located in a gorge right in a sheer cliff, where stone paths and stairs are laid. At the beginning of the 20th century, the monastery complex included five temples, a guest complex, a garden, fountains, a chapel, but in the 20-30s. In the 20th century, the complex was almost completely destroyed.

The holy monastery was restored already in the post-war period, the Assumption Church was restored, the staircase in the rock was restored, the bell tower was built, which is crowned with golden domes, religious paintings on the rocks were restored. Today, three churches have been completely restored, and cells for monks, the rector's house, and a spring has been equipped.

Tourists visiting Chufut-Kale and the Assumption Monastery will receive indelible impressions of amazing story Crimean peninsula.

Video walk around Chufkt-Kala:

- (in Russian the Zhidovsky city, among the Karaites Kirk er) the remains of the city and the ancient fortress in the Tauride province., Simferopol., in 2 ver. from the city of Bakhchisaray, at an altitude of 1,835 feet, on the top of a separate rock. the time of foundation is unknown, but, obviously, the city ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

CHUFUT KALE, remnants medieval city(5th-19th centuries) in the Crimea, near modern Bakhchisarai. Defensive walls, residential and utility buildings (ground and cave), a mosque, Karaite kenasses (temples) ... Modern Encyclopedia

Remains of a medieval city (founded in the 5th and 6th centuries) in the Crimea, near present-day Bakhchisaray. Defensive walls, gates, residential and utility buildings (ground and cave), a mosque, Karaite kenasses (temples). With the growth of Bakhchisarai (founded in the beginning ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Chufutkale, a medieval cave city fortress in the vicinity of Bakhchisarai (Crimean region). Founded, presumably, in the 5th-6th centuries; the defensive (so-called middle) wall of the 10th century has been preserved. After the Mongol-Tatar invasion (13th century) Ch.K. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Chufut-Kale- from the Crimean Tatar "Jewish (or Jewish) fortress", a cave city near Bakhchisarai, the first capital of the Crimean Khanate. On a high plateau with steep slopes 3.5 km east of Bakhchisarai, a fortified ... ... Toponymic Dictionary Crimea

Remains of a medieval city (founded in the 5th or 6th centuries) in the Crimea, near modern Bakhchisaray. Defensive walls, gates, residential and utility buildings (ground and cave), a mosque, Karaite kenasses (temples). With the growth of Bakhchisaray (founded in ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Chufut-Kale- Spnkt. Čufùt Kalė Ap Chufut Kale/Chufut Kale L sen. mst. P Ukrainoje …

Chufut-Kale- Sp Čufùt Kalė nkt. Ap Chufut Kale/Chufut Kale L sen. mst. P Ukrainoje … Pasaulio vietovardziai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

- (in Russian the Zhidovsky city, among the Karaites Kirk er) the remains of the city and the ancient fortress of the Tauride province, Simferopol district, 2 versts from the city of Bakhchisarai, at an altitude of 1835 feet, on top of a separate rock. The time of foundation is unknown, but, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Books

• Karaim Abraham Firkovich: Jewish Manuscripts. Travel history. 2-ezd, Vikhnovich L.V. The book is dedicated to the life and work of one of the most interesting characters of the last century - the Karaite collector of ancient books and manuscripts on the history of the Jews and Karaites Abraham Firkovich. A lot of…
• In the mountainous Crimea, T. M. Fadeeva. We all love to travel, but sometimes we get tired of the monotony of all kinds of popular tours and "burning" vouchers. Sometimes you want something special, maybe even exclusive. This book…

The cave city of Chufut-Kale is one of the oldest Crimean sights. This place is truly unique, because many caves here are created by nature. An excursion to Chufut-Kale is not an easy one, as the city is located on a mountain and is surrounded by cliffs on three sides. To get here, you will have to try, but the dug-out city in the Crimea is worth it.

Chufut-Kale - the most visited cave city of Crimea

Today, the name Chufut-Kale (translated from Tatar - Judaic fortress) is on everyone's lips. But not everyone knows that the fortress was not always called that way. It is not known for certain when Chufut-Kale was founded, some sources mention the 6th century, others - the 11th. Here's what historians have found out.

Times of the Crimean Khanate:

• 11th century (second half) - the fortress was owned by the Kypchaks, who gave it the name Kyrk-Er.
• 1299 - the Tatars conquered the city, renaming it Kyrk-Or.
• XII-XIV centuries - housed the garrison of the Crimean ulus, once a member of the Golden Horde. At the beginning of the 14th century, a mosque was built from Prokonesse marble.
• 15th century - the fortress received the status of the first capital of the Crimean Khanate. After that, a khan's palace, a madrasah and a mosque were built here. According to some sources, the mint appeared in this period, where coins were minted from silver.
• Mid 17th century - the status of the capital was lost, the fortress passed to the Karaites and was named Kale, over time the name Chufut-Kale appeared, and after the construction of the defensive system - Juft-Kale.

Times of the Russian Empire

• During the reign of Anna Ioannovna - Bakhchisaray was captured by the Russians and Chufut-Kale was destroyed.
• The period of the reunification of Crimea with the Russian Empire - the ban on the residence of Karaites and Krymchaks was lifted, so people left the citadel en masse.
• End of the 19th century - everyone left the fortress, except for the caretaker's family.
• 1874 - from that time the fortress was completely empty.

Modernity:

Ruins - this is what the dead city of Chufut-Kale is today, except for a few buildings that managed to "survive". But this does not in the least affect the demand for a place as a tourist facility. Excursions to Chufut-Kale are popular because it is interesting to wander through its caves. In addition, a picturesque panorama of the surroundings opens from the mountain (height above sea level - 558 m), and nearby, 3 km away, is the Bakhchisaray Khan's Palace.

Is Chufut-Kale protected by UNESCO? Not yet official information regarding the inclusion of this cave city in the list of protected sites. But he is already on the list of candidates for entry. It is not known when the issue will be finally resolved, because it may take 15 years to approve the lists.

Cave city photo:

The ancient city of Chufut-Kale is located at an altitude of about 600 m above sea level.

Where is the cave city and how to get here by car

The location of the attraction is Bakhchisarai, which can be reached from any Crimean resort, the vicinity of the village of Starolesye.

Chufut-Kale on the map of Crimea:

Chufut-Kale is located at a distance of 2.5 km from Bakhchisarai

If you get by public transport from Bakhchisaray, then you need to go to final stop"Starolesye", and then go on foot, using tourist signs.

If you go by car to Chufut-Kale, you still have to walk part of the way. First, the course should also be taken to the above stop. There is a car park where you can leave your car, as a 1.5-kilometer walking route begins further. First interesting place, which will meet along the way - the gorge Maryam-Dere. It stretched for about two kilometers in length and half a kilometer in width. The place is spacious, so quite a lot of buildings fit here: a madrasah, as well as a cemetery, a monastery for the Orthodox, a Muslim mausoleum and 2 necropolises. The next point of the excursion, which deserves attention, is the Assumption Monastery. On the left side of the road in the valley you can see the tomb of Hadji Giray, who founded the Crimean Khanate. Behind the monastery, the road leads to a walnut grove, and then it remains to overcome the Maryam-Dere beam and get ready to climb the mountain, where the entrance to the city is located.

Walk through the cave city

Tours start from the Small (South) gate with massive oak doors, to which a paved road leads, which is rather destroyed. Small gates are located in such a way that they are not visible from the road. You can only see them if you are right in front of them.

The second entrance is through the Upper Gate, where tourists are met by a guard. This path is suitable for those who do not want to overcome the pedestrian route and climb the rather steep slope to the South Gate. Tickets can be bought at the box office located at both gates.

How much does the entrance to Chufut-Kale cost? Ticket prices are shown in the table (prices are in rubles for the period from April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017):

The object can be visited from 9 am to 4 pm. Excursion service is optional, except for children's organized groups under the age of 16.

You cannot enter the territory of the object without a hat and comfortable shoes. You also need to have drinking water at the rate of 1.5 liters per person.

The attraction is in the department of the Bakhchisaray Historical, Cultural and archaeological museum reserve (official site handvorec.ru). If the tourist is traveling with organized group and on the basis of an agreement concluded with the reserve, then he pays only 200 rubles for the entrance and excursion accompanied by a guide.

What age children can go on an excursion to Chufut-Kale? Considering that the route is quite large (they usually go here for the whole day) and you have to walk a lot, then the age of the child should be appropriate. If a child of 6-7 years old is active and inquisitive, well developed physically, then why not take him to such an interesting place.

Map of the cave city of Chufut-Kale

What to see

caves

They were used as living quarters, cellars, stables, prisons. They housed observation rooms and crypts. At the time of its foundation, it was a fortress city, located in the rocks and safely hidden from prying eyes by natural relief. There are 170 caves in total. They differ from each other in quality, finish, purpose, architectural solutions. In many of them, fragments of stairs remained, which may have served to connect the cave rooms.

There are about 170 caves in Chufut-Kale, located on different height. Many caves are interconnected by stone stairs.

Tik-Kuyu well

This is a siege well, intended to shelter residents during the siege of the fortress, and also served as a source of water. The name "Tik-Kuyu" means a vertical well. It has dungeons and mines that will be interesting to visit. The diameter of the structure is 2.2 m, the depth is 27 m. At a depth of approximately 25 m, a gallery adjoins it, from which a gentle ascent stretches to a height of 30 m. And that's not all! Below the gallery there is another well, perpendicular, with a diameter of 5 m.

To enter Tik-Kuyu, located on a mountain slope, you need to go walking route, which leads to the city's South Gate. A visit to the well is paid (300 r. full ticket and 150 r. preferential) and is not included in the ticket price for visiting the city.

The siege well of Chufut_Kale goes deep into almost 30 meters

Karaite kenasses

Kenassa is a Karaite temple. During the tour, you can see two kenasses, which are located nearby and date back to the 14th century. (Big kenassa) and the 18th century. (Small kenassa). Despite their impressive age, they are well preserved. It will not work to examine them from the inside, but from the outside you can look at the bas-reliefs as much as you like, ancient architecture, wall prints.

Large and Small Karaite kenasses have been perfectly preserved to our time

Mausoleum of Janike Khanym

Dzhakine-khanym is the daughter of Tokhtamysh-khan, who ruled in the 15th century. The octagonal structure with a tiled roof and carved columns on the sides is made in the style typical of Ottoman period and is well preserved. You can’t go inside, but through the bars you can see the tombstone, to which steps lead. From the place where the mausoleum was built, a panorama of the mountains and the Ashlamadere valley opens.

The mausoleum of Janike Khanym, built in the 15th century, was practically not destroyed

Ground structures of the XVII-XVIII centuries

Many of the buildings are well preserved, among them:

• protective walls;
• residential buildings;
• the main street, paved with stone, the tracks from the chariots are still visible on it;
• house A.S. Firkovich (Karaite archaeologist and historian);
• a dungeon in which voivode Sheremetyev was imprisoned for 21 years, awaiting a ransom.

Despite its dilapidated state, big interest represent mosques, palaces, temples.

All ground structures can only be viewed from the outside, inside entry is prohibited.

Ancient cemetery of Karaites

It is located in the forest, outside the city, on a plateau, 500 meters from the upper gate. The place is shrouded in a mysterious and gloomy atmosphere - black trees, tombstones of intricate shapes, overgrown with moss and keeping ancient inscriptions. But it's definitely worth a look here.

The Karaite cemetery is a gloomy, but incredibly interesting place, especially for esotericists

Video tour:

In Crimea, there are 5 cave cities that are popular with tourists: Chufut-Kale, Mangup-Kale (a fairly popular attraction), Eski-Kermen, Tepe-Kermen, Kyz-Kermen. Each has its own history, secrets and legends. If the question arises which is better - Mangup-Kale or Chufut-Kale, feel free to visit both, look, compare. In Mangup-Kale, which arose in the 5th century, there is also something to stare at: the ruins of the fortress wall, gates and citadels, casemates, sentinel and technical bunk caves.