Where is the cleanest water in Russia and in the world. Experts told which regions of Russia have the most dangerous drinking water

We present to your attention a selection of 10 places with the cleanest and most transparent water.

1. Maldives.
The Maldives is a favorite destination for tourists from all over the world. There are a lot of reasons for this here: this is the sun, and the sea, and beautiful islands. The water here is so clear that being in a boat, you can see your shadow on the bottom of the sea.

2. Australia.
The water in this red stone cave is surprisingly clear. The only thing that distorts the view of the bottom is a slight ripple formed by a nearby waterfall.

3. Lake of five colors, China.
This lake is located in the Jiuzhaigou Valley in the northern Chinese province Sichuan. The lake of five colors is famous for its bottom, covered with a carpet of ancient trees, covered with a layer of clear water.

4. Sardinia.
Another popular place among tourists, you don’t even need to describe anything here, just look at the photo. The second largest island in the Mediterranean, Sardinia is home to some of the rarest animal and fish species.

5. Lake Crater.
Located in Oregon, Crater Lake was formed by an explosion ancient volcano about 7 thousand years ago.

6. Piccaninnie Ponds, Australia.
These ponds are a real nature reserve located in South Australia. You can dive into the water here only after obtaining a special permit, but it's worth it.

7. Lake Mashu.
Officially, this is one of the most transparent lakes in the world, which got its name from the mountain of the same name, at the foot of which it is located. The transparency of the water here reaches 41.6 meters.

8. Lake Sheosar, Pakistan.
Located in the northern part of Pakistan, it is natural lake so perfect that you might think it is the work of man. Surrounded by mountains, with animals walking along its banks, Lake Sheosar is deservedly considered one of the picturesque places planets.

9. Lake Peyto.
The attractive turquoise of Peyto Lake is the work of a local glacier.

10. Lake Baikal.
In addition to its purity, Lake Baikal is known as the most deep lake in the world. The world's second contender for this title, Lake Tanganyika, is behind the leader by as much as 200 meters. In spring, the transparency of Baikal water is as much as 40 meters.

There are a number of mineral waters in the world, which, unlike most waters, have a number of advantages. In the TOP 10 mineral waters you will find waters, which include a large number of useful minerals that water receives as it passes through volcanic rocks and other layers of the Earth. These waters help prevent chronic diseases, bone problems, and stomach problems. These waters are often more expensive than ordinary waters. If you really want to drink healthy water, find among our list the one that is sold in your country. Based on the materials of the TOP10-World rating.

1 Evian

2 Perrier

3 BORJOMI (Borjomi)

4 San Pellegrino (San Pelegrino)

September 18 is World Water Monitoring Day to draw attention to pollution water resources. We have ranked Russian cities with worse drinking water, where this problem is especially acute.

According to UN statistics, about three million people die every year from poor-quality drinking water. Most of the deaths occur in third world countries where there is an acute shortage of water resources. In Russia, although not so deplorable, serious environmental problems are observed in most regions of the country.

Every resident of Smolensk is well aware that in order to drink tap water, it must first be carefully filtered, then boiled and kept in a bottle. According to sanitary and epidemiological organizations, Smolensk is the leading city in terms of drinking water pollution. Here, water of very high hardness with impurities of heavy metals flows from the tap. Living in this city, it is better to use bottled water from the store.

Yekaterinburg is not far from Smolensk: cold water here it smells strongly of bleach, the warm one is rather dirty and sometimes smells of rotten eggs from it. Most water for the city is taken from open sources, which are not very well filtered. The result of this method of water supply was dirty drinking water, in which there is an exorbitant amount of heavy metals and there are intestinal infections.

The fact that a catastrophic situation with water has developed in Tula has been reported more than once even by the city administration. In 2010, even a decree was signed on temporary deviations from the sanitary norm for urban drinking water. This situation in the city has developed due to poor equipment and worn-out water supply infrastructure, which cannot provide citizens with water of adequate quality.

Water in Khabarovsk very often deteriorates greatly with the beginning of the heating season (although it is not very good even before it). The water has a bad smell and an obvious shade of rust, which cannot but irritate civilians. The water supply of Khabarovsk directly depends on the state of the Amur water, which very often deteriorates due to industrial discharges in China. Often, it is the negligent attitude of the neighboring country to water sources that causes problems in border towns.

Poor environmental conditions and not the most comfortable climate - this is not complete list shortcomings of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. One of the most unpleasant shortcomings: water flows from the tap, which should not be consumed raw. The water here also suffers from toxic waste from factories and factories, so it is better for the residents of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk to use filters and boilers.

Do you drink tap water safely? Do you swim in local waters with a light heart? Do you eat freshly caught river fish with an appetite?

To begin with, a small "water educational program".

Water is one of the most important elements necessary to sustain life on Earth. Our planet is called blue due to the fact that from space it looks exactly like this: 2/3 of the Earth's surface is water, 99% of which is oceans and only a small part is freshwater.

According to experts, water and its quality are one of the main factors that radically affect the quality of life. Of course, one can argue with this, because water seems to be a trifle, here is a penthouse, a leopard rug under your feet, a cool car - they affect the standard of living much more. But let's imagine for a moment what all this is worth if there is no water ...

Although it is a familiar component of everyday existence for us, which always flows from the tap in abundance, it is bottled in pharmacies and stores, despite the underestimation - water is the blood flow supporting the pulse of the Earth.

About 2 billion people, that is, a third of the world's population, suffer from diseases acquired as a result of the use of polluted water.

And then there is Africa, Ethiopia, Indonesia, etc., where water is either almost non-existent or polluted ... And every drop of water there is worth its weight in gold, and even about innovations such as showers or sewerage, many locals and did not hear.

The food that a person eats is 90% water, he himself is 80% water, by old age (by the age after 60 years), with a decrease in metabolism, the “water composition” of a person decreases to 60%.

In general, water is everywhere, water is necessary for all living organisms. Human health is 80% dependent on water quality - according to scientists who conducted special studies.

Of course, if you use clean and compliant water, but live in an unfavorable area where the air is filled with toxic emissions, eat junk food, there will be little health benefit. Agree that a set of measures is needed. However, you can move to an area with the cleanest air, eat village products, but if you drink “bad” water, the effect of the first two steps will be less than just improving the quality of water. Water is our everything, together with everything else, of course.

How and what kind of water appears in the tap?

From the river water intake, through several stages of purification, water enters the city water supply system, or from an artesian well. The source of water is mainly freshwater reservoirs, rivers, reservoirs.

« How is the water intake on the river? Hydraulic jacks are laid on the bank, with the help of which the river bottom is pierced with steel pipes. Water, partially filtered by sand and clay, enters the water intake facility through pipes. Here, with the help of grids and gratings, large mechanical impurities are retained. Further, the water enters the treatment plants, passes through numerous filters, is freed from the remaining suspension, while moving rather slowly and undergoing chemical treatment before entering the settling tanks. Then the water passes through filters, while the treatment facilities are able to retain 99% of the bacteria contained in natural water, and the water is considered drinking. However, in each city or village, the degree of purification, despite the all-Russian standards, may be different. The season also matters - during the flood, when melting snow penetrates the water intakes, the water will be dirtier and the risk of catching any infection increases.

Water from artesian wells comes in a slightly different pattern. Conventionally, it can be considered cleaner, because in this case, water is raised from a depth of 100, or even more meters- at this depth, it is sufficiently filtered by the soil and is less susceptible to pollution environment. Iron removal stations are usually installed on artesian wells, which allow you to remove excess salts and metals from the water, the rest of the cleaning is carried out according to the plan already described.

Water in the reservoirs is replenished due to the action of the water cycle in nature, including the “harvest” of melt and rain. IN last years in connection with the reduction of fresh water reserves, experts are trying to realize artificial extraction of fresh water.

« According to various estimates, the share of fresh water in the total amount of water on Earth is 2.5-3%.

About 85-90% of fresh water is in the form of ice .

In connection with the expanding pollution of water sources, population growth, and the development of new territories, the task of artificially obtaining fresh water arises. This is achieved by:

— desalination sea ​​water, including solar desalination;

- condensation of water vapor from the air, using deep sea water;

– condensation of water vapor in daily cold accumulators, in particular - natural origin such as caves in coastal rocks» (Wikipedia)

In theory and in practice, all pollution, drain, waste, sewer water and other muck does not go anywhere forever, they remain on the planet, settle in a thick layer on the walls of reservoirs, wander with impurities in fresh water, in the end sometimes - in order to save money, wastewater is treated and re-entered into our faucet. If, nevertheless, part of the waste is able to transform quite noblely, becoming fertilizers, then there are chemical compounds that do not decompose into natural environment. They poison the entire ecosystem. Water affected by emissions from factories transmits the disease to the surrounding flora and fauna. And we, not only drink partially poisoned and insufficiently clean water (at times treated sewer), we also breathe emissions from enterprises, automobile exhausts.

In addition to all the delights of the water cycle in nature, we face an additional risk: if, after passing through the purification systems, city tap water can still be considered relatively clean, depending on the perfection of the equipment and the region, then after passing through pipes and all communications, it becomes “contaminated” by complete.

The urban system is something like a huge tubular web, no one cleans the pipes for decades, and no one will do it, as a result of the so-called "secondary pollution", the water comes to us charged with everything that steel tanks have accumulated in themselves. Rust, harmful impurities, construction debris, in case of violation of the insulation of sewer pipes - it is possible for sewage to enter the running water. Night water also contains an increase in the number of bacteria that accumulate as a result of fluid stagnation.

“Colonies of bacteria need stagnant water or at least its slow current to reproduce. Plus the opportunity to "settle" on a rough surface - well, they have it in rusty pipes - in order to grow and multiply. Chlorine, which is added to water at treatment plants, stays in it for quite a long time, but sooner or later it is consumed and simply ceases to act. That's when in the very center of the city there is a danger of picking up an infectious disease with tap water.

It is very dangerous if bacteria from the group coli and enteroviruses that infect gastrointestinal tract and the hepatitis virus. These micro-organisms enter water bodies where water is taken from, from city sewers; are washed away by rains and floods of rivers from fields that are fertilized with manure. In the water, pathogenic microflora begins to actively multiply, and the water has to be excessively chlorinated, especially during floods.

— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”

Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, gastritis, duodenal ulcers, nephritis, hepatitis, metabolic disorders - all these diseases are often the result of drinking poor-quality water.

What water should be?

Pure. But since in the majority we are not free to influence the process of its purification ourselves, guided by our own standards, there are basic norms for all. In the regulatory document San-PiN 2.1.4.559–96 “Drinking pure water» indicators of clean water are divided into four groups: epidemic, radiological, chemical, organoleptic.

“That is, we are talking about bacteriological safety, the absence of extraneous taste and smell, radiation that does not exceed the natural level, as well as the absence of chemically dangerous impurities.

According to these current standards and norms, high quality drinking water is:

water with appropriate organoleptic characteristics - transparent, odorless and with a pleasant taste;

water with pH = 7–7.5 and hardness not higher than 7 mmol/l;

water, in which the total amount of useful minerals is not more than 1 g / l;

water in which harmful chemical impurities either make up tenths to hundredths of their MPC, or are completely absent (that is, their concentrations are so small that they are beyond their determination by modern analytical methods);

water in which there are practically no pathogenic bacteria and viruses

At the same time, in Russia as a whole, every fourth sample of drinking water does not meet the hygienic requirements for sanitary and chemical ones, and every ninth one - according to the bacteriological indicators of the current standards.

— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”

Chlorine used to disinfect water (depending on water quality and infection status) locality- saturation with chlorine can be increased 6 times compared to the usual dose) will not save you from some pathogens, in addition - with frequent use of such water, the risk of cancer, premature aging increases, cardiovascular disease, dysbacteriosis. In general, chlorine is both a disinfectant and a poison.

“Chlorine is mutagenic and can cause infertility in men. Chlorinated water when washing the floor is absorbed through the skin (albeit a little, but we wash the floor often), and a little bit of chlorine gets into the air. Studies have found that frequent visits to the pool, where chlorine vapors are above the water, is tantamount to systematic smoking. The lungs are damaged, like a heavy smoker. Taking a bath with chlorinated water in terms of effects on the body is equal to ten liters of chlorinated water taken orally.

But that's not all. The danger is not limited to the fact that we drink water that has been treated with chlorine. Water must be purified not only for drinking, but also for domestic use.

According to SanPiN, the concentration of chlorine in tap water after disinfection is not dangerous for a healthy person. But! Only for healthy! Are there many healthy people in our country now?”

— O.V. Efremov

In general, you should not overdo it with Domestos for business purposes. But what about showering and bathing? There are special filters that are easily installed in the elements of the plumbing system and purify water from impurities, chlorine, etc. It’s just that, unfortunately, very often people begin to think about the seriousness of the problem and how to solve it when all the seriousness is already on the face, and in advance - many do not want to think. The sooner you install high-quality filters, the more health potential will remain unspent. Although there is a point that you can make a business out of any fear. So dirty water and the fear of getting infected with something from its use are no exception. Variations of filters and "pseudo-filters" are now countless. Some, in addition to the banal sale of the product, are promoting an entire ideology to create a society where there is only clean water. Filters, water ionizers still worth choosing really and efficiently operating.

About how scammers deceive people by offering them dubious water filters

The method of water purification can be sorption, mechanical, ion-exchange.

How to choose a filter. Some tips in the video review

Regions with the cleanest and dirtiest water

“The most unfavorable in terms of the quality of tap water are the Northern, Far Eastern and Kaliningrad regions. According to the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, the very low quality of drinking water in Buryatia, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Primorsky Krai, Arkhangelsk, Kaliningrad, Tomsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Kaluga, Saratov and Yaroslavl regions. In Kalmykia, Karelia and Karachay-Cherkessia, more than 70% of water samples do not meet sanitary standards and norms. The tap water of Yekaterinburg is recognized by experts as "technical", that is, not suitable for drinking and cooking.

According to experts from the Research Institute of Human Ecology, the most polluted tap water is in the northern and northwestern regions of Russia, since a significant number of various chemical and oil refineries are concentrated there.

According to the Moskompriroda, the water in the Moskva River belongs to pollution classes 4–6 (from polluted to very dirty). Moreover, over the past 12 years, the amount of sulfates that enter the Oka from wastewater from Moscow enterprises has increased 4 times, chlorides - 1.5 times. The content of iron, copper, nitrite nitrogen, phenol in water has greatly increased.

As a result of studies in nine cities of the Siberian region, it was found that the impact of polluted water on morbidity ranges from 7.7 to 41%. Every year the number of epidemic outbreaks of acute intestinal infectious diseases that are caused by transmission of infection through water"

— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”

Of the natural reservoirs, the cleanest are: lakes Baikal, Ladonezhskoye, Onega, Taimyr, Khanka, Chany (West Siberian region), Teletskoye ( Altai region), Svetloyar, Seliger (Tver region), lakes of Karelia.

Most clean rivers- small - in Siberia and on Far East. The dirtiest are Tom, Oka, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei, Ob, Volga.

What are you proud of?

Russia by resources surface water takes leading place in the world. Only in unique lake Baikal contains about 20% of the world's fresh lake water reserves and more than 80% of Russia's reserves. With a total volume of 23.6 thousand km³, about 60 km³ of rare in purity is reproduced in the lake annually. natural water» (Wikipedia)

Baikal is generally a separate reason for pride , besides being the deepest and clear lake world, it is also a huge reservoir of fresh water.

It was a discovery for me how important it is for flowers good water, or at least settled. There was a period when I watered indoor plants with tap water - and they all started to get sick, the reason was not obvious. When I began to defend the water before watering - they appearance improved significantly. This is flowers. And what can we say about a person?

Summarizing. What can be done in a situation with "bad" water? In Africa, and such, even a liter of such water, there is a shortage ... Yes, and in villages where there is no running water - too. Do not wash the pipes now in some miraculous way from the inside. You can, of course, create innovative fantastic equipment that tests the inner surface of pipes from the inside and removes them in case of contamination. But the problem is not only secondary pollution… You can't change the whole system.

You can stock up on bottles of water extracted from a clean artesian well (water must be obtained from a well located at least 50 km away from the city and packaged there), you can put additional filters on taps, you can separately filter water in special tanks. So the problem is more solvable.

Relaxing on the beach is one of the most enjoyable. But, departing from tradition, why not go where the water is one of the cleanest on the planet? TravelAsk has specially compiled for you a selection of heavenly places where you can enjoy the purest water.

Maldives

It is not for nothing that the Maldives is called a paradise on Earth: people come here for peace and relaxation for body and soul. The beaches of these islands are one of the most romantic places on the planet.

And the water here is really crystal clear, even the islands themselves speak of this. After all, the Maldives is of coral origin, and, as you know, corals grow in clear water, so such fabulous places not so much on earth. And the islands are Indian Ocean, very far away from all trade routes, and simply the water is not polluted by any emissions. Thanks to all this, it is very rich here. undersea world with a special ecosystem. So it is not surprising that these islands are so loved by travelers.

Cayos Cochinos

This is another paradise in the Caribbean. It is unique in that there are no hotels and roads, the islands are practically untouched by man. On Cayos Cochinos it is forbidden to travel by transport. The islands officially have the status of a reserve, so there are no hotels here, but still tourists come to see this Eden. The flora and fauna of the islands is unique, and this perfect place for diving. Only here you can’t rent equipment here for obvious reasons)

Here's what National Geographic says about the area: "The waters around these coral reefs are a marine biologist's dream: protected by the state, out of the reach of commercial divers and fishermen, and occupied by creatures that may not yet have a name."

By the way, regarding the inhabitants: they are here, but according to the latest census, only 108 people live here.

And on these islands one of the parts of The Last Hero was filmed.