No river flows into the lake. Unique rivers of Russia - The cleanest rivers in the world. Unusual rivers of Russia - Namesake rivers, clone rivers

Baikal - deepest lake, surrounded by high mountains. Many rivers flow into it, but only one flows out. She is called the daughter of Baikal. It is beautiful and full-flowing and, moreover, very swift.

General description of the Baikal rivers

The food pool has many water streams. These are the rivers flowing from Baikal and flowing into it. There are 544 temporary and permanent tributaries. The rivers were counted on maps in 1964. Before that, it was believed that there were 336 of them. Moreover, most of them flow from the eastern shores.

The rivers carry 60 cubic kilometers of water to Baikal. It has low mineralization, as the area around the lake is composed of metamorphic and volcanic rocks. The total area of ​​the drainage basin is about 540 thousand square kilometers. The largest inflowing and flowing rivers of Baikal: Angara, Selenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin. They are located like this, starting with the most important.

Main tributaries of Baikal

Most of the waters - almost half of Baikal - comes from its source located in Mongolia.

The Upper Angara flows into Baikal from the northeast. It flows down from the Severo-Muisky and Delyun-Uransky ridges.

Barguzin is another large river flowing into Baikal. In full-flowing water, it loses to the Upper Angara. It carries its waters from the Barguzinsky ridge. The height that this river loses when it reaches the majestic lake is 1344 meters.

The rivers flowing down from the Khamar-Daban ridge are numerous. This mountain range heavily dissected by valleys. These are such rivers as Snezhnaya, Langutai, Selenginka, Utulik, Khara-Murin. These water streams have many rapids and waterfalls.

All these are tributaries huge lake, but are there any rivers flowing from Baikal? The water stream originating from this miracle of nature is one and only. Which river flows out of Baikal can be seen on the map of this region. This is Angara.

Toponymy of Baikal and its rivers

The name Baikal (according to one of the versions) is translated from Turkic as "rich lake". Another option, from Mongolian, is " big lake". Different translations of the names have flowing and flowing rivers. Angara originates from Baikal, and its name means "open" (from the Buryat word "angagar"). Barguzin (and with it the ridge, village, bay of the same name) is formed from the name of the tribe living in the Baikal region. They are called Barguts, and their language is similar to Buryat. Selenga from Evenki means "iron". And from Buryat it can have such a translation: "lake", "overflow". The resulting ledge is revered by local population. It has acquired the status of a protected natural monument.

Angara and the rivers flowing into it

The Angara has a powerful stream, like other large Siberian rivers. Its waters flowing from Baikal rush mainly in the northern and western directions. On its way, it overcomes further flows through the territory of the Baikal region and ends its run at the confluence with the Yenisei. Its length is 1779 kilometers. The Angara owes its powerful flow to Baikal. Its width is more than a kilometer. The only river flowing from Baikal, in turn, feeds the Yenisei, the largest water artery of Siberia, from the right side. The basin of this river includes 38 thousand small and major tributaries. In addition, there are more than six lakes in this area. The tributaries of the Angara on the left side are larger: Irkut, Kitoy, Belaya, Biryusa, Oka, Uda. On the right side, the flowing rivers are not so full-flowing: Ilim, Ushovka, Uda, Kuda, Ida, Osa.

The course of this river passes through an area characterized by severe climatic conditions. However, ice is established on it later than on other large water streams in Siberia. This is due to the fact that there is a very strong current. In addition, Baikal waters enter the Angara, the temperature of which is warmer. At the source, steam even rises above the river. It forms frost on trees. Every year black-and-white goldeneyes, long-tailed ducks, and mergansers come here for the winter. Also in winter, up to two thousand ducks gather on the Angara.

Economic use of the river

The cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk arose on the banks of the Angara. The only river flowing out of Baikal has a very powerful flow. Therefore, hydropower plays an important role in the economy of this region. Three Irkutsk and Ust-Ilimsk were built on the Angara. Reservoirs with corresponding names have been built here. Together they form the Angara cascade. The fourth HPP - Boguchanskaya - is under construction.

Prior to the creation of these power plants and reservoirs, the river was not navigable, since its course is very fast, and many rapids created a danger to pass. This was a very serious problem in the economic development of this region. Now river transport became more accessible, but only in four sections of the river. As a result of human activities, the water in the Angara has become calmer.

Legend of the Angara

There is a legend that tells which river flows out of Baikal and why. It says that the hero Baikal lived in these parts. He had 336 sons and only one daughter, Angara. The hero forced his children to work day and night. They melted snow and ice, and drove the waters into deep depression located surrounded by mountains. But the results of their hard work were wasted by the daughter on different outfits and other whims. One day Angara found out that somewhere behind the mountains lives the handsome Yenisei. She fell in love with him.

But the stern father wanted her to marry the old man Irkut. To prevent her from escaping, he hid her in a palace at the bottom of a lake. Angara grieved for a long time, but the gods took pity on her and released her from the dungeon. Baikal's daughter broke free and ran quickly, quickly. And the old Baikal could not catch up with it. Out of anger and annoyance, he threw a stone in her direction. But he missed, and the block fell into the place where the Shaman stone is now located. He continued to throw stones at his fleeing daughter, but each time Angara managed to dodge. When she ran to her fiancé Yenisei, they hugged and together went north to the sea.

Angara is one of the largest Siberian rivers and yet it is unique. This the only river flowing out of Lake Baikal. It provides electricity to all Irkutsk region and neighboring territories.

The lake looks like great place recreation, where you can swim and fish. But not all lakes are like that. Some are truly terrifying. And not in vain.

Lake Empty (Russia)

Lake Empty is located in Western Siberia in the area of ​​Kuznetsk Alatau. Lake Pustoye is a fresh, clean reservoir of continental origin, there are no chemical anomalies in its waters. Repeatedly, many scientists carried out a chemical analysis of water from Lake Empty, but not a single study of toxic substances was found in it. The water of the lake is clean, suitable for drinking, similar to champagne because of the smallest bubbles of absolutely harmless natural gases. Scientists have not been able to conclude why there are no fish in the reservoir.

There have never been ecological disasters and emergency technical accidents polluting the reservoir in the vicinity of Lake Pustoye. According to the chemical composition, its water does not differ from the nearest reservoirs of the reserve, which are distinguished by an abundance of fish resources. Moreover, the reservoir feeds several fresh waters in the vicinity. the purest reservoirs, the fact that they have fish in them will give a special mystery to what is happening in these dreams. There were several attempts to launch unpretentious fish species of pike, perch and crucian carp into the reservoir. Each of them ended in failure, the fish died, the aquatic plants rotted. And today there are no grass and birds on the banks of the reservoir, there are no fish or fry in the water, the lake guards its mysteries.

Why are there no fish in the lake?

Samples from the Kuznetsk reservoir were studied by chemists from the USA, Great Britain and Germany. However, none of them could put forward a sensible version explaining the absence of fish in the reservoir. Scientists are not yet able to answer the questions of the inhabitants, what is happening with the Kuznetsk reservoir. However, scientists repeat attempts to explain the unusual phenomenon of the Empty Lake with enviable frequency. Stay on the coast unusual lake there are many who wish, tourists come here and stay for the night. Some of them dream of touching the mystery of nature and unraveling it.

Lake of Death (Italy)

Our world is amazing and beautiful, its nature can be admired and enjoyed endlessly. But besides this, there are places on our Earth that sometimes lead us into bewilderment. Among such places is the Lake of Death on the island of Sicily. This lake can be attributed to the number of phenomena and unique natural phenomena. The name itself suggests that this lake is deadly for all living things. Any living organism that gets into this lake will inevitably die.

This lake is the most dangerous on our planet. The lake is absolutely lifeless and there are no living organisms in it. The shores of the lake are deserted and lifeless, nothing grows here. Everything is connected with the fact that any living creature that enters the aquatic environment immediately dies. If a person decides to swim in this lake, then in just a few minutes he will dissolve in the lake.

When information about this place appeared in the scientific world, a scientific expedition was immediately sent there to study this phenomenon. The lake revealed its secrets with great difficulty. The conducted water analyzes showed that the composition of the aquatic environment of the lake contains a large number of concentrated sulfuric acid. Scientists were not immediately able to figure out where sulfuric acid comes from in the lake. Scientists have put forward several hypotheses about this. The first hypothesis was that there are rocks at the bottom of the lake, which, when eroded by water, are enriched with acid. But further study of the lake showed that there are two springs at the bottom of the lake, which emit concentrated sulfuric acid into the aquatic environment of the lake. This explains why any organic matter dissolves in the lake.

Dead Lake (Kazakhstan)

In Kazakhstan, there is an anomalous lake that attracts the attention of many people. It is located in the Taldykurgan region, the village of Gerasimovka. Its dimensions are not large, only 100x60 meters. They call this reservoir Dead. The fact is that nothing is found in the lake, neither algae nor fish. The water is unusually cold. Low temperature water remains even when the strongest sun is outside. People are constantly drowning there. Scuba divers, for some unknown reason, begin to choke after three minutes of diving. Locals do not advise anyone to go there, and they themselves bypass this anomalous place.

Blue Lake (Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia)

Blue karst abyss in Kabardino-Balkaria. Not a single river or stream flows into this lake, although it loses up to 70 million liters of water every day, but its volume and depth do not change at all. The blue color of the lake is due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the water. There are no fish here at all. The creepiness of this lake is given by the fact that no one has been able to figure out its depth. The fact is that the bottom consists of an extensive system of caves. Researchers have not yet been able to figure out what constitutes the lowest point of this karst lake. It is believed that under blue lake the largest underwater cave system in the world.

Volkhov, Russia - known from history as the beginning of the journey "from the Varangians to the Greeks." When searching for unusual rivers of the world, it occurs most often. It attracts with a legend, which we will retell. In the Middle Ages, Novgorodians, outraged by the indecent behavior of their bishop John, decided to expel him from their possessions. They put him on a raft and sent him home. Yes, it was not there. Before the raft had time to swim out into the middle of the stream, how ... he carried it into reverse side! That is, upstream. The Lord has done a MIRACLE! - the Novgorodians exclaimed, and, having taken their spiritual shepherd from an unusual river, they returned him back with honors.

And the chest opened simply: the slope of the Volkhov River, flowing from Lake Ilmen to Ladoga lake, very small, and when it rains heavily at the mouth, and there is drought at the source, the ratio of lake levels changes, and the river begins to flow in the opposite direction. This is exactly what happened on the day of the exile of the unfortunate servant of God. So there was no miracle, but there is no doubt that Bishop John was a very lucky guy.

And such rivers reverse flow in Russia and in the world is not so little. Let's list some of them. The common point here is a slight slope of the channel.

Sukhona, Russia. Just like the Volkhov, it has a very slight slope - just a couple of centimeters per kilometer. Flowing out of Lake Kubenskoye, the Sukhona calmly makes its way to the mouth. But in the spring, when its tributaries Vologda and Lezha, overflowing with melt water, rapidly burst into it, they literally block the flow of the river with their streams. The water level in this place rises and Sukhona, without thinking twice, turns back and flows again into Kubenskoye Lake. Depending on the year, this lasts from three to nine days.

Ob, Russia. When the mighty, amazing and the longest and widest river in Russia overflows, its level rises and blocks some tributaries. And for some time they begin to flow in the opposite direction from the Ob.

Penzhina, Kamchatka, Russia . Another unusual river that changes its direction of flow. It flows into the Penzhina Bay, and with each ebb and flow, it flows back and forth.

Shuya, Karelia, Russia . Ushkozero, from which flows this interesting river, feeds on underground sources and, when the volume of supply water decreases, the water level in the lake decreases. As a result, the river changes its direction. This happens 15-20 times a year.

Sap, Kingdom of Cambodia. It flows from Tonle Sap Lake and flows into the Mekong River. When the Mekong floods, its level rises by 7-12 meters, and its waters rush along the bed of the Sap River to Tonle Sap Lake. Locals celebrate this event, even giving it a name - "The Feast of Returned Waters." There is a reason for joy, and a big one: the waters of the Mekong greatly replenish lake fish stocks. Its quantity can be judged by the fact that during the return run of the Sap River, the water level in the lake increases by 3-4 times. When the level of the Mekong falls, the Sap begins to flow again from the lake, and it slowly becomes shallow. A lot of the most fertile silt remains on the territory freed from water, and enterprising Cambodians grow record harvests of rice here. This lowland is called the "rice dish of Asia".

Avar, Greece. Akin to the Kamchatka river Penzhina. It flows into the Aegean Sea, and with each ebb and flow, it changes the direction of its current.

2. The unique river of the world - The river that exists only at night.

Unique river Uata Rike. Even the most unique! And its unusualness lies in the fact that it is only at night, and during the day it is not. But this secret has been revealed for a long time. The fact is that the river is fed by the snows of the Andes that melted during the day, the water of which, flowing down from the mountains in streams, reaches the channel of Uata Rike only in the evening. During the night, the water supply is depleted and the river ceases to exist until the next night. Of course, there are no fish here. And yes, the name of this unusual river is translated from the local dialect as “Night Butterfly”. Quite aptly pointed out, don't you think?

A river may have not one mouth, but two. This happens when the river splits into branches that flow into different bodies of water.

An example would be R. Orinoco in South America . The Orinoco branches in the upper reaches into two branches, one of which continues under the same name, and the second, under the name of Casiquiare, flows into the tributary of the Amazon - the Rio Negro.

Another example R. Tansy Mezenskaya - this is a Russian river. One of its sleeves flows into the Mezen, the other into the Pechora.

Kur, Far East, Russia . The mouths of its branches are located at a distance of 200 km from each other: one on the Amur near Khabarovsk, the other on Lake Bolon.

4. Unique rivers of the world and rivers of Russia - Rivers that go underground for a while.

In the world there are water streams that flow not only on the surface of the earth, but also periodically go underground. On the way of such rivers and mountains are not a hindrance. Such, for example, is R. Sim on Southern Urals : it goes underground at the foot of the mountain, and comes to the surface from its other side.

A rare sight - a key on the right bank of the same river Sim, one and a half kilometers below the mouth of another river - Berda. It hits directly from the cliff, but it is interesting that the water pours out in jolts: for three minutes it is strong, and then just as calmly.

In the Perm region, not far from the village of Kyn, the tributaries of the Chusovaya River perform such a trick: they seem to dive underground and then reappear on the surface. The place where they disappear, the locals call dives, and where they come out again - dives. local river Kumysh cut such a channel for itself that for six kilometers it is almost invisible, and only then it breaks out from under the rock and again becomes an ordinary river.

In the Urals, about fifteen rivers, large, small and very small, are distinguished by such inconstancy - sometimes they are visible, sometimes they are not, they hid. Right tributary of the Kosva - Sponge - not visible for ten kilometers, the river is hidden for eight Vezhey .

5. Unusual rivers of the world - Rivers flowing above the surrounding area.

Yes, it happens. We are accustomed to the fact that rivers flow in lowlands, but on earth there are natural streams flowing over highlands. This is what happens with rivers that originate in the mountains. Rapid streams erode rocks and carry them to the plain. On the plains, the current becomes slow and silt, gravel and other material carried by the water is deposited in the channels. Gradually, year after year, the riverbed rises and becomes higher than the surrounding landscape. Examples are Rioni in Georgia, Po in Italy, Chinese Yellow River, Red in Vietnam and others.

6. Unusual river of the world - The river with the most violent temper.

R. Huanghe, China fully deserves this title. "The Woe of China", "The River that Breaks the Heart", "The River that Brings a Thousand Troubles" are just some of the many nicknames given to the Yellow River. local residents. And she fully deserved these hard-hitting accusations: 26 times in human memory she abruptly changed course, overflowed her banks 1500 times, causing catastrophic destruction. During a flood, the level of the river becomes 10-12 meters higher than the banks, the water rapidly floods the entire surrounding area, sweeping away everything in its path. In the last 40 years alone, during the construction of dams and coastal fortifications on this river, three times more work was done than during the construction panama canal, and twice - the Suez Canal.

7. The unique river of the world - A river with very muddy water.

And again R. Huanghe, China breaks records. She is the ugliest major river: one cubic meter of river water contains up to 30-40 kg of solid material. The annual removal of solids is 2 billion tons. And how much will it be, well, not in parrots, but, say, in the pyramids of Cheops? And it will be three and a half hundred such pyramids, consisting of yellow sand. Therefore, it is not surprising that the sea into which the Yellow River flows is called the Yellow Sea. The Chinese say about the Yellow River that "you can't drink its water, because it's too thick for that, you can't plow on it, because it's very rare."

8. Unusual rivers of the world - Rivers that do not flow anywhere.

When we studied the structure of the river, they wrote that each river has a source, channel and mouth (i.e., the place where the river flows into another body of water). Now, this is not true for all rivers: some of them do not have a mouth. Such rivers are characteristic, first of all, for arid regions of the globe, for example, Kazakhstan and Central Asia: Big and Small Uzen, Chu, Zeravshan, Murghab, Turgay, Sarysu and others. The largest river of this type is Tejen . Its length is 1150 km. It originates in the mountains of Afghanistan and flows through the territory of Iran and Turkmenistan, where it is completely disassembled for irrigation.

R. Okavango in South Africa also has no mouth: its waters are lost in the Kalahari desert, forming impenetrable swamps.

9. The unique river of the world - A river with a sharp drop in water temperature.

R. Puarenga, New Zealand – just an extraordinary river! The water on its left bank is almost boiling, on the right it is cold as ice. This is due to the power sources of the river, which are hot and cold springs. And the current of the river is so fast that the water does not have time to mix.

10. Unusual rivers of Russia - Rivers with an unusual pattern of currents.

R. Sviyaga, Russia, a tributary of the Volga. It is unique in that for almost 400 km it flows parallel to the Volga, but in the opposite direction. In some places, for example, near Ulyanovsk, Sviyaga comes very close to the Volga, but then moves away again, slowly pouring its waters into it.

R. Pyana, Russia, a tributary of the Sura. Also a very unusual river. Its length is about 400 km, and the mouth is only 30 km from the source. The pattern of its flow is very tortuous, reminiscent of the gait of a drunk person, for which it got its name. Academician Ivan Ivanovich Lepekhin traveled around Russia in 1768 and described Pyan as follows: “Its course is very radiant and crooked, which is why the name Drunken River came about.”

R. Ural and r. Pechora, Russia. These rivers are interesting for the stepped direction of the currents: for some time they flow in the meridional direction to the south, then sharply at an angle of 90 degrees. change their direction, then turn south again at a right angle. The reason for this strange behavior serve as faults in the earth's crust, through which rivers flow.

11. Unusual rivers of the world and the rivers of Russia - Rivers whose tributaries are larger than the main one.

As a rule, in river system the largest, longest and deepest is the main river. But, as always, there are exceptions to every rule. We list some rivers that confirm the last statement.

By volume of water:

Angara, Russia, right tributary of the Yenisei - the volume of water that the Angara brings to the Yenisei is almost twice as much as it brings to the confluence.

Kama, Russia, right tributary of the Volga - the same situation as with the Angara. Only the volume of water is 1.5 times larger.

Yonne, France, tributary of the Seine . At the confluence, the Yonne brings 105 cubic meters of water per second, and the Seine only 75.

By lenght:

Sukhona, Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina. 1130 and 750 km respectively.

Brahmaputra, India, a tributary of the Ganges. The main river is shorter than its tributary by 200 km.

Darling, Australia, a tributary of the Murray River. Murray is 170 km shorter than Darling.

Missouri, USA, a tributary of the Mississippi. 4740 and 3950 km respectively.

12. The unique river of the world - the River under the sand.

Gascoigne, Australia. There is such an amazing river in Western Australia. There is a river, and it is marked on the map, but it is impossible to see it. In place of the channel, there is a wide strip of sand, bordered by lush vegetation along the "shores". And the river flows under the sand and is considerable: it has 36 tributaries. In English, Gascoigne is aptly called "river up and down", in Russian "river in reverse."

13. Unique rivers of the world - Crossing rivers.

Velna and Nelba, Poland. They intersect, not merge. Moreover, they intersect at right angles. And even more: when crossing them, the waters do not mix, but each flow in its own way. Scientists explained this phenomenon by the difference in temperatures and flow rates of the two rivers. An experiment was even set up: paint was poured into two rivers - blue into the Nelba, and red into the Velna. And at the point of intersection, the paints did not mix at all: the red one flowed along its own channel, and the blue one, over the red one, in its own way.

14. The unique river of the world - the Multi-colored river.

Caño Cristales River, Colombia - amazingly beautiful "river of five colors". A variety of colors of river water is given by the algae living in it of red, yellow, green and blue colors. The water in the river is practically distilled, there are almost no minerals and salts in it, it is unsuitable for drinking. However, small fish live in it, which somehow still find food for themselves.

15. Unusual rivers of the world - Very short rivers.

We are accustomed to measuring the length of rivers in kilometers, but there are many water streams on earth, the length of which is only a few meters. Consider examples.

Row, Montana, USA . One of its sleeves is only 17.7 meters long.

Reprua, Abkhazia. Flowing out of underground caves on the Black Sea coast and immediately flows into it. Is the most cold river Caucasian coast. Its length is 18 meters. According to an ancient Abkhazian legend, Reprua is the tears of the daughters of an underground spirit.

River D, USA. Length - 36 meters. And the title is very appropriate for the length.

16. The unique river of the world - The highest mountain river.

Rivers flow not only in the valleys and lowlands, but also high in the mountains. For example,

Yarlung Tsangpo, Tibet - the highest mountain river flowing through the South Tibetan plains, located at an altitude of almost 3000 meters above sea level.

17. The unique river of the world - The widest river.

Speaking of rivers, it is somehow customary to call their length. Well, what is the widest river in the world?

The widest in the world - R. Rio de la Plata . It reaches a width of 225 km and is the result of the confluence of two rivers - Uruguay and Parana. By the way, the widest river in Russia is the Ob. During the flood, its width reaches 60 km.

18. Unusual rivers of the world and the rivers of Russia - Rivers with acidic water.

R. El Rio Vinegre - the most acidic, flows in the area active volcano Purase (Colombia). Its length is about 1260 kilometers. River water contains 11 parts of sulfuric acid and 9 parts of hydrochloric acid for every 1,000 parts, and is so acidic that no fish can live in it. One reason for the high acid content is the proximity of the volcano.

And in our vast country a stream called Sour : it flows down from the slopes of the active Mendeleev volcano on the island of Kunashir from the group of the Kuril Islands.

19. The unique river of Russia and the world - The coldest river.

R. Indigirka , which flows into the North Arctic Ocean, is considered the coldest river in the world. Toward the end of winter, the lower course of the Indigirka can freeze through - winters in these places (Yakutia) are among the most severe in the world.

20. Unusual rivers of Russia - Rivers with salt water.

Many people think that river water can only be fresh. But it's not. If a river flows through salt layers, its water becomes salty. There are a lot of examples of such rivers, here are some of them:

Solyanka, Yakutia, Russia. Salt layers were formed here many millions of years ago, when the sea that once lapped here receded.

Liquid Solyanka, Saratov region, Russia.

Berdyanka, Orenburg region, Russia. In the upper reaches the river is fresh, but in downstream erodes the salt layer and becomes noticeably salty.

21. The unique river of the world - The river flowing from the sea.

As a rule, rivers flow into some other body of water: a river, a lake, a sea, an ocean… But there is such an unusual river that flows out of the sea.

Tadjoura, northeast Africa. It flows from the Gulf of Tadjoura, flows deep into the mainland and flows into Lake Assal.

22. The unique river of the world - the River sentenced to death.

Examples of tyranny of those in power at all times were striking in their unexpectedness. But the Persian king Cyrus surpassed everyone: he sentenced to death penalty river!

Diala, Iraq. She was sentenced to death because the “sacred” white horse of the Persian king drowned in it. The sentence was carried out: 360 channels were dug to divert river waters. The river ceased to exist for 1000 years. But nature took over. The sands of the desert covered the canals, and the "condemned" returned to its former course.

23. The unique river of the world - The river that changes its course every year and is the most "load-bearing".

Kosi, India . The river is known for forging a new course every year, eroding on its way rock Himalayas. The river carries all the dug material with it. The annual volume of sediment reaches 120 million cubic meters, which is equivalent to the volume of 8,000,000 freight cars!

The Styx is a mythological river flowing through the realm of the dead in the domain of the gloomy Hades. She has a namesake in the real world as well.

Styx, Perm region, Russia. And here, however, not without the dead - the river separates the city of Perm from the cemetery.

25. Unusual rivers of Russia - Namesake rivers, clone rivers.

girl, Voronezh region, Russia. There are two rivers with this name. And even Furthermore: they both have tributaries called Rossoshka, and both flow into the Don.

Don. On the globe There are six rivers with this name.

Counter-guide. Two rivers under the same name. One flows into the river. Ussuri, the other in Bikin. For some reason, it is widely believed on the Internet that the Kontrovod River is one, and every three months it changes the direction of the flow and flows into one river, then another. But, unlike the reverse flow rivers described at the beginning of the article, two rivers called Kontrovod are separated by the Strelnikov Ridge, through which the water flow cannot flow back and forth under any conditions.

26. Unique rivers of the world - Blue rivers, icy banks.

Ice rivers, Greenland. Another type of unusual rivers that exist on our planet are the rivers of the ice island of Greenland. Greenland is covered in thick ice sheet, the surface of which begins to thaw with the advent of summer. Melt waters are collected in streams, and streams flow into rivers that flow into Atlantic Ocean. The water of these unique rivers has an amazing aquamarine hue, which, in combination with dazzling white icy shores, strikes the imagination of happy observers with extraordinary beauty.

27. Unique rivers of Russia - The cleanest rivers in the world.

Vonchi, Mari El, Russia - the cleanest river in the world. Wonchi is a shallow river 33 km long and 2-3 meters wide, a tributary of the river. Ilet. No pollution was found in the water of this forest stream, which makes it stand out even among other reservoirs of this region known for its purity.

Irtysh, Russia, a tributary of the Ob - is also recognized as one of the cleanest rivers on our planet.

28. Unusual rivers of the world and rivers of Russia - Rivers "Tamara and I walk in pairs."

There are rivers on the globe that have underground twins.

Kara-Balta, Kyrgyzstan . The river flows from the Kirghiz ridge. Kara-Balta, giving its waters to wheat fields, sugar beet plantations, orchards. Examining its channel, scientists found that even before entering the valley, the river loses about a third of its flow. When they drilled a well, it turned out that this river is two-story! Seeping through the pebbles and sand, part of its water formed, as it were, a second, underground, stream.

Volga, Russia. In 1981, hydrogeologists found that the territory Mari ASSR runs parallel to the Volga, and in some places even adjoins the bed of a large underground river.

Amazon, South America. At the beginning of the 21st century, under the longest land-based river in the world, the longest river in the world was discovered. underground river , flowing parallel to the Amazon at a depth of 4000 m. It originates in the Andes and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Its so far unofficial name is Hamza - in honor of the scientist who discovered it. The speed of the river Khamza does not exceed a few meters per year, and the width is about 400 meters.

29. Unusual river of the world - River playing hide and seek.

There is a river in Yugoslavia, which at first carries its waters in a narrow gorge, and then completely disappears into huge caves. After going a long way through the underground galleries, she disappears into a deep crack. Exactly - it disappears, because no one knows where it goes. They tried to find out with the help of dyes, but colored water was found in many springs around Trieste and even in the city water supply ...

30. Unique river of the world - Underwater river.

It turns out that there are such unusual rivers on our wonderful planet. In 2010, a unique underwater river was discovered at the bottom of the Black Sea. An amazing river has the same elements as surface rivers: banks, waterfalls, rapids, floodplain and even whirlpools. The latter, by the way, do not twist counterclockwise (like all the rivers of the Northern Hemisphere), but along it. What is the reason for this phenomenon, scientists have not yet figured out.

The waters of an unusual underwater river are several times saltier than the surrounding sea ​​water. The river flows through a trough 35 meters deep and about one kilometer wide. The length of the unique river is 60 km. The speed of the river is 6.5 km/h. If this unusual river flowed on the surface of the earth, it would be the sixth deepest river in the world.

It was an article Unique and unusual rivers of the world and the rivers of Russia."See next:

A group of 5 karst lakes in the Cherek region of Kabardino-Balkaria is located about 30 km south of Nalchik.

The lowest lake of this group, the most unique with a relatively small surface of 235 by 130 meters, its depth reaches 258 meters, and water saturated with hydrogen sulfide gives the lake a rich blue color.

The water temperature on the surface in winter and summer is about +9 degrees. This attracts divers from all over the world - a modern diving center has been built on the shores of the Lower Lake, which operates both in summer and in winter.

Not a single stream or river flows into the lake, but about 70 million liters of water flows out daily. At the same time, the level of the lake is unchanged, which is explained by powerful underwater sources.

The nature here is quite picturesque: green hills, dense beech forests on steep slopes, and in the distance, in a blue haze, peaks sparkling in the sun.

2. Lake Khanka

Lake Khanka is located on the border of the Primorsky Territory of Russia and Heilongjiang Province of China.

This is the largest freshwater reservoir on Far East. The area is 4070 km² (at an average water level), the length is 95 km.

24 rivers flow into the lake, and the Sungacha river flows into the lake.

The international Russian-Chinese Khanka nature reserve is organized on the lake.

Due to its location, it attracts a large number of tourists who can get acquainted with the culture and customs of the two countries at once. About 75 species of fish live in the waters of this lake, and even some of them are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

3. Seliger

Seliger - system of lakes glacial origin in Tverskaya and Novgorod regions Russia. Also, this lake is called Ostashkovskoe, after the name of the city of Ostashkov standing on the lake shore.

The area of ​​the lake is 260 km². The area of ​​the entire basin is 2275 km².

Seliger receives 110 tributaries, and only one river Selizharovka flows from it.

4. Topozero

Topozero is a crystal clear, deserted lake-sea, one of largest lakes in Karelia.

It has an area of ​​986 sq. km, a length of 75.3 km, a width of 30.3 km, 144 islands with total area 63 sq. km. Topozero is part of the Kuma reservoir system.

The rivers flowing into Topozero are Kizreka, Valazreka, Taka, the outflowing rivers are Pongoma, which flows into the White Sea, and Sofyanga, which flows into Pyaozero.

The nature and landscapes of Topozero are very beautiful. In the wide part of the lake, the opposite shores and chains of islands are hidden behind the horizon, the shores of the lake are often dressed in sheer rocky embankments, but there are also real harbors with sandy beaches protected by rocks. You can see vast sandy and rocky shoals, swamps. There are a lot of berries in the swamps, in the forest: cloudberries, blueberries, blueberries, lingonberries.

Topozero keeps the secrets of history. Once upon a time, hermit monks lived on Zhiloy Island, spreading the Old Believer faith among the inhabitants of villages on the shores of the lake.

The lake is ideal for sailing and kayaking routes. Numerous islands offer overnight stays for tired travelers.

Fishing on Topozero is interesting and varied. Long rocky shoals are interesting for fans of grayling fishing, in the bays and lambins - perch, roach, pike.

5. Raspberry Lake

One of the most beautiful places Siberia is Raspberry Lake, Altai region. The reservoir is the largest bitter-salty lake among the Borovoye lakes of this region. Its area is 11.4 square kilometers. Raspberry Lake can surprise you with the unusual color of the water. The reason for this is a branchial-legged crustacean called Artemia Salina that lives in it. It produces a pink pigment, which, once in the water, colors it. The color changes throughout the year. In spring it is the brightest and most intense, and in autumn it becomes brown. Since ancient times, the crustacean has been considered a food product, but today the crustacean is used only for feeding fish fry.

Foreigners who were lucky enough to share a meal with the great Empress Catherine II were surprised at the unusual pinkish-crimson salt served at the table. They have not seen such a curiosity anywhere else. And the Russians knew that it was brought from the far, far Kulunda steppe, located at the foot of Altai mountains. But few people could visit those distant places - it was so hard to get there. There were only legends that a huge pink lake, having bathed in which, non-rodish women soon bring babies, and the pockmarked ones become prettier. And in modern world it costs nothing to get to those parts, so many of our compatriots know for sure about the healing salt waters of Raspberry Lake. It really helps improve women's health, has a beneficial effect on the skin (rejuvenates and cleanses it), relieves fatigue and muscle pain, heals inflammation, and swimming in the waters of this lake is a pleasure. There are also very beautiful landscapes here, so the place for recreation is excellent and very popular among Siberians. However, tourists come here from the European part of the country.

Three hundred and thirty rivers and streams flow into Baikal, and only one flows out of it - the Angara.

I don’t know how many dozens of times I have already had to hear and read this phrase, and every time in oral speech, and in writing too, some kind of surprise is heard here: just think, only one! During bus tour from Vologda to Kirillov, the guide uttered a similar phrase three times, only it referred, of course, not to Baikal and Angara, but to Lake Kubenskoye and Sukhona, respectively, and the number of rivers and streams was only one hundred and eighty.

And from what lake flow, not to mention three hundred and thirty, at least two rivers? One - please: Angara from Baikal, Neva from Lake Ladoga, Svir from Onega, Sheksna from Bely, Niagara from Erie, White Nile (or Victoria-Nile) from Lake Victoria - and so on, almost endlessly. So that not a single one flows out is also by no means a rarity: rivers do not flow out of the Caspian, Aral, Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, lakes Baskunchak, Chad, Air, Van, Poopo ...

But it is unlikely that many will be able to name the lake from which two rivers flow. Suppose some kind of lake basin has two exits, a river flows out of each. These rivers cannot be the same in size, they cannot flow through rocks equally resistant to erosion; inevitably, one of the rivers will deepen its course faster and lower the level of the lake so much that the flow through the second river will become impossible. Therefore, the flow of two rivers simultaneously from one lake is not durable. I did not find a single mention of such a phenomenon in the literature, and only when looking at a map of Scandinavia, I suddenly discovered Lake Leshaskugsvatnet in the southern part of Norway, from which the Røuma River flows to the northwest, belonging to the Norwegian Sea basin, and to the southeast - the river Logen, belonging to the Glomma basin, which flows into the Skagerrak Strait (more precisely, into the Bohus Bay). The fact that this rare phenomenon really takes place, that there is no cartographic error here, is confirmed by five very solid atlases: A.F. Marx, 1905; Atlas of an officer, VTU MO USSR, 1947; Atlas of the World, GUGK USSR, 1954; Atlas of the World, GUGK USSR, 1989; Atlas of the World, Roskartografiya, 1999.

It is characteristic that such a lake exists in Scandinavian mountains, composed of strong crystalline rocks, weakly amenable to erosion, where an unstable balance between the incision of rivers flowing in different directions can be maintained for a relatively long time; in less durable rocks, in the almost full century that has elapsed since the publication of the first of the named atlases, one of the two channels of flow would have ceased to exist *.

Therefore, one should not be surprised that many, many rivers and streams flow into a lake, and only one flows out.

* V.P. Semenov (at that time “Tyan-Shansky” was not added to his father’s surname and, consequently, his own) in the second volume of the famous work “Russia. A complete geographical description of our Fatherland ”(St. Petersburg, 1902, pp. 273-274) writes that the Don and Shat (a tributary of the Upa, this is the Oka basin and, therefore, the Caspian) flow from Lake Ivan in the Tula province. It is difficult to say whether the change in the pattern of the hydrographic network was caused by natural processes or hydraulic engineering, but now the source of the Don is shown within the city of Novomoskovsk - very close to Ivan Lake, but not from it. The double runoff from the lake has stopped. For more details, see: Oko-Don // Geography, No. 31/97, p. 1-3.