How to survive in a plane crash. If during the flight the engine of the aircraft catches fire, then there is a high probability of extinguishing it right in motion. Hard landing on water or on land - which is safer

Today it is difficult to find a person who has never flown on an airplane. But do we all know about what happens on board during the flight?!

1. In case of danger, never cross your arms over your head to protect your head from a heavy object falling from above.

You can get a serious injury to your hands, which will deprive you of the elementary opportunity to get out of the cabin on your own.

2. Before departure, count the number of rows to the emergency exit, so that in case of an unforeseen situation, you can easily navigate the interior of the aircraft.


3. In the cargo compartment of passenger aircraft, the bodies of dead people are very often transported.


And this is considered absolutely normal practice. But be prepared for the fact that the body may “leak”, soiling your suitcase. True, such cases are extremely rare. Much worse than this is the transport of fish, the smell of which is not so easy to remove. Therefore, always wrap your luggage with foil to protect yourself from the unpleasant consequences of the flight.

4. Most flight delays due to technical reasons occur due to the fault of the passengers themselves: attacks of fear, delays, conflict situations with company representatives and other things.


5. Flight attendants have a concept of "miracle passenger".


They refer to the category of such passengers those who get on the plane in a wheelchair among the first. And, having landed, such passengers leave the cabin on their own. Isn't it a miracle? Healing that happened at an altitude of several thousand meters!

6. Turbulence itself can hardly damage the cabin of an aircraft. A great danger is fraught with things flying around the cabin at this time.


7. Commercial airliners can even fly with one engine.


8. Most of the accidents do not occur during the flight, but a few minutes after takeoff or during the landing of the aircraft.


9. Alcohol during the flight has a much stronger effect on the human body.


Therefore, many flight attendants say that one drink in the air is equal to two drinks on the ground.

10. Passengers with children, disregarding the rules of decency, can very often change diapers right on the tables in front of the seats.

11. Airline personnel may work 6 days a week with minimal rest, including pilots.


12. In many airlines, flight attendants are paid only for the period of time from the closing of the aircraft door to its opening.


Thus, your delay can cause a storm of negative emotions on the faces of the flight attendants, but they will try to keep a smile on their faces.

13. Airport employees among themselves call the luggage compartment employees a very derogatory nickname - “ramp rats”.


14. Some models of modern aircraft have special compartments for people who die right during the flight.


15. Remember the rule: do not be rude, rude, speak negatively and in every possible way irritate flight attendants in the cabin.


They can complain to the pilot about you, and he, having the appropriate authority, can drop you off or isolate you.

16. If during the flight the engine of the aircraft catches fire, then there is a high probability of extinguishing it right in motion.


But even in the case emergency, the engine will burn out and fall off without affecting the body of the aircraft.

17. Most often, something is always broken on an airplane.


But this is only what does not threaten your safety and life. Critical breakdowns are eliminated immediately, while minor flaws are postponed for “later”.

18. Don't take off your shoes on the plane.


More precisely, do not put bare feet on the floor, since, most likely, someone vomited there, and more than once.

19. Loads marked fragile are handled just as carelessly as those not marked.


20. On short flights, the staff usually has a little more than an hour to put the plane in order. Therefore, there is no time for thorough cleaning.


21. If you've never seen people bang their heads against the ceiling, and hand luggage falls on their heads, then you've never experienced real turbulence.


22. If the cabin pressure drops, then you have only a few seconds to put on an oxygen mask. Don't think for a minute.


23. If you are flying with several transfers, then try to take a shower at the airport.


This will relieve general fatigue and give you strength for the next flight. If this is not possible, then at least try to change clothes. This helps a lot too!

24. Before a long flight, try to stay up as long as possible.


This will help you make your flight much easier, especially if you are afraid of flying. Most way you just oversleep.

25. As we said, the plane is one of the safest modes of transport.


In the US alone, more than 30,000 people die each year in car accidents. Flight statistics show that the percentage of deaths on board an aircraft is practically zero.


01

Why is it forbidden to use electronics on an airplane during takeoff and landing? Even with your phone in airplane mode? Even the player to listen to?

In October 2014, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) issued an official approval: electronic devices can remain switched on and online during the entire flight. But it does not apply to passengers, but to airlines.

Carriers themselves determine what is best for their passengers. And the official position of most airlines is that any electronic device creates an electromagnetic field that can directly or indirectly affect the operation of on-board instruments. Therefore, it is better to ban any gadgets than to expect the Boeing to stall during takeoff because someone decides to send an SMS.

Second moment. You may have heard the beeps in the speakers when mobile phone catches a call or receives a call? The same interference can drown out the pilots' headphones. important information from the dispatcher.

 Ilya, 36 years old, employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

Finally, the most prosaic explanation: a passenger listening to a player or talking on the phone will not find out in time about a fire that has started or an unscheduled splashdown. And his neighbor in an evacuation rush will get tangled in the wires from the headphones.
02

So all the same: do you need to applaud when touching the landing gear of the runway?

There is nothing wrong with this kind of courtesy. But then get in the habit of clapping at the cashier at the supermarket who successfully cleared the check. This is also his job.

Pilots, most likely, will not hear applause: they are separated from the cabin by an armored door and are busy negotiating with controllers, taxiing and cleaning the wing mechanization.

While the plane has not rolled down the taxiway, the danger remains: it may not stop, move off the runway with unpleasant consequences, or brake sharply - and luggage will fall on you from the shelves opened by an impatient neighbor.

 Ilya, 36 years old, employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

If you absolutely want to applaud the crew, do it after the ship has completely stopped at the terminal.
03

Why do flight attendants pester me all the time with requests to raise the curtains of the windows? Do they affect anything?

Open window blinds, raised seat backs and subdued interior lights are necessary safety measures when landing.

 Alexei, Boeing pilot 777 airlines "Transaero"

Let's let our imagination run wild and imagine that the plane has just made an emergency landing: there is smoke in the cabin and women's screams, there is a fire on the wing. But no one sees him, because the curtains are down. As a result, the emergency exit opens just from the side of the fire, the passengers do not see the luminescent paths on the floor and go blind from the bright light, leaving the darkness. In general, believe me: all this is necessary for your own safety.
04

What if a person dies on board? Where is the body taken?

It is not removed from luggage compartment, as the uninformed reader might think.

The person remains at the place where the tragedy occurred, but the passengers from him, if possible, sit down. In a pinch, the body can be moved to the back kitchen. In practice, it happened that the passenger lost consciousness or complained of a sharp pain in the region of the heart, but no one, thank God, died suddenly and silently. There was a case when a very large man came to the kitchen to the guides for some water, lost consciousness and lay under artificial ventilation until arriving at Domodedovo, where an ambulance took him. And once I had to make an unscheduled landing at Varna airport because of a suspected heart attack in an elderly woman.

The most difficult thing for the crew in the conditions of an emergency landing is to communicate with passengers who are burning holidays and transfers to other flights.


05

Where does airplane food come from? After all, I never found a kitchen on board. Where is it stored, how long does it lie?

Everything that is served to passengers on board is prepared in the in-flight catering workshop, which is usually located on the territory of the airport. By the way, the same workshop prepares for the crew, although the menu may be different. All in-flight meals have a very limited shelf life of a few hours. So, if the flight is short, the food is filled in both directions, but if the flight is delayed, the loaded food is unloaded and disposed of.

Food quality control is very serious: carriers do not want to receive complaints from passengers who have been poisoned on board. As for the seemingly cheap food, American Airlines saved $40,000 in 1987 by removing just one olive from a salad. By the way, the aluminum container for hot dishes, which you constantly burn yourself on board, is called a cassette.
06

Why can't you smoke during the flight? Just a health issue?

Ashtrays in the armrests of chairs, probably, and today you can still find in the old aircraft on some domestic flights. Yes, and during takeoff and landing in these planes, the lights “Fasten your seat belts”, “Do not smoke” are on. So it was possible before? And who bothered?

The version about a possible fire on board is the most famous. On occasion, you can go into the aircraft toilet and check the container where the used tissues go. It is closed with a spring-loaded hatch that slams shut as soon as you remove your hand. This is done so that oxygen does not enter the potential source of ignition. But the seat upholstery, floor coverings and other interior materials do not support combustion - they can be melted for a long time with a lighter, but they will not give open fire. An important reason for the prohibition of smoking on board is the economic benefit of the carrier. The air in the aircraft constantly circulates, passing through the cleaning filters and even cooling the equipment along the way. Soot and resins quickly make them unusable.

By the way, on some flights Arab countries and, for example, Iran, you can smoke today.
07

Movies often show how, on advice from the ground, random passengers land the plane. It's all computer controlled!

The bad news: if both pilots are incapacitated, the passengers are doomed. Even if before that they correctly set up the autopilot to perform an automatic landing, then you are still doomed. none electronic system on board cannot act autonomously, without crew control. Autoland - automatic landing - also requires human control and constant management. Even a flight attendant hardly knows how to contact the ground to report an emergency on board. He simply will not find the PTT (button) to get in touch. So a random passenger can't handle it.

 Boris, aircraft commander, 5 years experience

Fight for a place

Economy class is not the best comfortable place. There is a piggy way to improve it a bit.


On the Internet, you can easily find a gadget called Knee Defender. These are locks that are put on the dining table and do not allow the chair in front to recline.

There are disputes about the ethical side of the device, because comfort is achieved by causing inconvenience to another passenger. At the same time, the Knee Defender does not violate any flight rules: its use on board is not prohibited. True, in August last year, the flight Newark - Denver made emergency landing in Chicago, it was the fault of the gadget: the passengers quarreled and almost got into a fight because of it. If you decide to buy - this thing costs about 1100 rubles.

08

I looked out the window and saw that the wing on my side was swaying strangely. Is this the end or modern aircraft flap their wings to fly?

At passenger aircraft one wing. Two - at the "corn" familiar to everyone.

If the wing were rigid, it would break under loads, because it is affected by lift, and the weight of the engines, and the oncoming air flow, and sitting birds. The lower part of the wing is made of a softer material, as it stretches more during flight, while the upper part is made of a more rigid one.

If you're still scared, check out the strength tests of airplane wings on YouTube. There they are bent almost at a right angle.
09

How does an airplane toilet work? Is it really, like in Soviet trains, that everything is immediately dumped?

For some reason, the myth that the toilets on airplanes are arranged according to the type “you can’t write, we’re still in the city” still exists. It turns out that he has no reasonable sources.

Even in the old models of the aircraft in the toilet, everything was flushed into a special container - there were no hatches for dumping waste. Then the same water was filtered and again went to flush. At the same time, a chemical was added to it to neutralize the smell. In more modern aircraft, flushing occurs with the help of a sharp intake of air.

 Herman, aircraft maintenance support engineer

One stupid joke of irresponsible passengers is connected with a vacuum toilet: if you lower the end toilet paper and press the drain, then it will merrily unwind with a kilometer of pulp into nowhere. All waste is again collected in a special tank, which, upon arrival, pumps out a cesspool tank on wheels called "MA-7".
10

During a transatlantic flight, screens in the cabin show a map with a flight path and a funny airplane. Why do we fly in an arc and not directly? Also faster!

It's very simple: take a globe, an orange, a curled up hedgehog or any spherical object and try to lay a route on it, attaching a thread. Or remember how artists bend the meridians on the world map in order to correctly convey the shape of the planet. And this is not a complete answer. An aircraft generally never flies in a straight line. Moreover, if it were possible to trace the entire path of the aircraft over more accurate map, it would turn out that he flies almost in zigzags.

Blame the program ETOPS (Extended Rules of the Air for Twin Engine Aircraft) - special requirements for flying over non-orientated terrain. According to them, the route of the aircraft must be built so that it is constantly within a certain flight time to the nearest airfield where it would be possible to make forced landing in case of failure of one of the engines.

 Vladimir Afonin, mathematician at the State Air Defense Concern

Agree, it's better to do it even on a poor one, but runway(WFP), and not in the mountains or on the ocean surface. Well, they also affect the flight path weather. Of course, the aircraft is not hindered by light rain or snow, but it can, if necessary, correct the course in order not to avoid meeting with especially aggressive weather conditions.


11

Why in airplanes of the same model, but different airlines economy class can be completely different cramped?

It is logical to assume that the larger the aircraft, the more space inside. It is not always so.

The layout of the seats in the cabin depends on the airline and is made to order in accordance with the requirements of the aircraft manufacturer.

 Anastasia, press service of Transaero
12

Is it possible for a pilot to cheat medical control before a flight and board the flight drunk?

In Russia, before the flight, pilots undergo medical control - they measure their pulse and pressure. It is theoretically possible to deceive him by forging the doctor's signature in the flight task. But in order to fly drunk, hardly anyone will go for it: suspension from a flight is often punishable by dismissal.

 Boris, aircraft commander, 5 years experience

It is much easier to stay at home, plead ill health and send a reserve crew on a flight.


13

The cabin of our aircraft was decorated for the New Year with Christmas decorations. Are they special?

It just depends on the airline. Toys are used and ordinary, but preference is given to plastic, unbreakable.

In addition, on the flights of some companies, Santa Claus congratulates passengers: it is safer and cheaper - it is enough for one of the stewards to put on a fur coat and a beard.

 Anastasia, press service of Transaero

14

Is it true that during long flights aircraft engines are periodically turned off and the aircraft simply glides for some time?

Not true. In normal mode, this never happens. But engines can be shut down automatically due to a malfunction or fire.

 Ilya, 36 years old, employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

In general, only the pilot has the right to perform the procedure for starting engines (it is called “run up”): at the signal of the technician, he starts first the right and then the left engine. This order is due to the fact that the brakes in the vast majority of types of foreign equipment are powered from the right engine. During the flight, the engines may be turned off for testing. This is what test pilots are paid for.

 Herman, aircraft maintenance support engineer

15

Ok, we seem to be falling. Am I lucky? Which compartment passengers have more chances for survival?

There are a variety of opinions on this matter. The most common is to sit in the tail (you can pee there): fuel tanks located under the middle part of the cabin.

 Vladimir Afonin, mathematician at the State Air Defense Concern

16

If the pilot is fenced off by an impenetrable door from the cabin, how does he communicate with the crew?

After September 11, the pilots are really fenced off by an armored door, which has a special code for entering.

This is done in case everyone in the cockpit loses consciousness - for example, due to depressurization. But this code will only work if the pilot does not take any action within 120 seconds after entering it. Of course, the conductors do not use it every time to access the cockpit, but only check its performance before departure. IN regular situations to enter, the conductor calls the pilots on the tube, that is, using the aircraft intercom, the same one through which he reads information for passengers, only this time he calls the pilots, and not the loudspeaker, into the cabin. By the way, the conductor is obliged to call the crew every 40 minutes during the day and every 20 minutes at night to make sure they are working.

 Boris, aircraft commander, 5 years experience

To communicate with flight attendants, there are special code phrases. Usually they are negotiated before the flight, but there are also permanent ones. For example, "Purser to cockpit, please" means that one of the crew members is unable to perform his duties and the chief conductor should come to the rescue. In the event of a ship being hijacked, of course, there is also a code word.
17

Is it true that you can learn how to fly an airplane by playing computer simulators like Microsoft Flight Simulator?

You can develop some skills, like orienteering in the cockpit. Know where which device is located. Perhaps the simulation will give an idea of ​​the physical behavior of the machine, its dynamic characteristics, but it is not worth talking about full-fledged control training. For these purposes, aviation uses much more advanced simulation models - MFTD and FFS. And if the MFTD is a bit like what a player can arrange at home, then the FFS is the most complex engineering device, the cost of which exceeds the price of the aircraft itself.

In my opinion, my neighbor on the left is unreliable. Anyway, now he's running naked down the aisle and brandishing a ski pole. Can the flight attendants defuse it?

Alas, today, according to the law, the crew can stop hooliganism on board only with the help of persuasion. But our airline has a special flight support service - these are employees of services air security in civilian clothes.

 Boris, aircraft commander, 5 years experience

Any violent actions can be regarded as hijacking an aircraft. They will be reported to the crew commander, who will decide on the landing.
19

It scares me a little when people pay extra for overweight luggage. Will the plane take it all away? Does he have a load limit at all?

Weight limit is very important. If it is exceeded, the centering of the vessel is disturbed. The plane will either not take off if the center of gravity is forward, or it will not be controlled in the air if it is rear. But to calculate the weight of passengers, average values ​​\u200b\u200bare used, which have been in force in Russia for more than thirty years.

It should be noted that for Russian and foreign air carriers they are different. As for domestic companies, everything here depends on the seasonality of air transportation and the age of passengers. So, in the autumn-winter period, the basis for calculating the maximum takeoff weight aircraft, the average weight of an adult is taken - 85 kg, taking into account clothing and hand luggage; a child under two years old - 15 kg, children from 2 to 12 years old - 30 kg. During the spring-summer season, it is believed that on average a passenger weighs 5 kg less, since he travels without outerwear.

 Elena Monina, Press Service of Moscow Domodedovo Airport

By the way, passenger aircraft carry a lot of commercial cargo. Only large operators like DHL or UPS have their own cargo fleet, the rest use scheduled flights. When registering, dispatchers report how much free space (weight) is left, and cargo operators load payload: mail, parcels, containers with immigrants.
20

What happens if I get caught having sex in an airplane bathroom?

There are no specific rules in this regard. The worst thing that can happen is that on arrival you are snitched on by the security service, but usually they just make a remark.

 Irina, flight attendant, 3 years experience

But offering money to flight attendants to let them into the crew rest rooms (there are such on transatlantic flights) is a bad idea. Their salaries are decent, and you can be blacklisted as passengers.

Photo: Getty Images; Everett Collection / East News; Shutterstock
Illustration: Olga Gromova

To ensure safety during air travel in an emergency, even when boarding an aircraft in without fail crew members conduct a brief briefing of passengers, where they talk about the norms and principles of behavior in emergency situations.

Violation of these rules is fraught with tragic consequences for all passengers of the flight, including the violator. All travelers in the cabin of the aircraft are obliged in any situation, which is especially important in emergency cases. For violation of safety rules on the plane, a large fine and imprisonment are provided.

Emergencies on board

Airplane - safe view transport, which is recognized by official statistics. Emergencies on board are extremely rare. The number of injured passengers in an emergency during air travel is much less than in the same car accidents.

But even on the most modern and serviceable liner, emergency situations can occur, entailing the risk of complete destruction of the aircraft or mortal danger for all passengers on the flight.

According to the statistics of aviation services, 80% of air crashes occur due to the human factor, and only 15% are technical malfunctions of the aircraft.

All emergencies in the aircraft are divided into several types:

  • A crash is an accident in aircraft that resulted in the death of people.
  • An accident is an abnormal situation on board that caused serious damage to the aircraft, but without human casualties.
  • Breakdowns - an unforeseen situation associated with technical malfunctions of an aircraft that does not affect flight safety.
  • Terrorist takeover.

What to do in an emergency

There are ground rules safe behavior in an aircraft in emergency situations, the observance of which is subject to mandatory execution by all participants in the air travel.

Inattentive attitude to the instructions of the crew members and lack of information about the norms of behavior on board in emergency situations increase the risk of danger to the life and health of all citizens on the aircraft.

If everyone acts wisely and confidently, responsibly following the emergency procedures on board, there are chances for a successful outcome of an air travel.

In the event of an aircraft fire

A fire in an aircraft can occur due to a technical malfunction of the liner, which led to a short circuit in the electrical equipment, as well as if the passengers themselves do not follow the rules of conduct, ignoring the ban on smoking in the cabin.

Aircraft fire safety rules:

  • After boarding your flight, carefully inspect the cabin and remember where the emergency exits are. Calculate the number of rows to this place so that in a smoky space you have the opportunity to quickly orient yourself and get to emergency exit.
  • It is possible to evacuate from a burning plane in the first 2-3 minutes, so it is very important not to get confused in such a situation, to act quickly and consciously.
  • If a fire has already occurred runway, you can not linger at the air ladder, you need to jump off as soon as possible and retire to a safe distance.
  • In order not to get severe burns, it is recommended to remove flammable synthetic clothing, and cover exposed skin areas, if possible, with a cloth made of natural materials.
  • In case of heavy smoke in the cabin, advance to the emergency exit, bending down to the floor. It is better to cover the face, in particular the respiratory organs, with a handkerchief or any other cloth soaked in water.
  • The aircraft has hatches that cannot be opened in case of fire. This can intensify the flames and lead to more tragic consequences.

There are fire extinguishers on board the aircraft, with the help of which the crew will attempt to self fight with fire.

In an aircraft accident

During an air flight, an emergency situation can occur, the outcome of which often depends on the observance of safety precautions by all passengers of the flight.

Rules of conduct in case of an accident on an airplane:

  • Fasten seat belts correctly. They should cover the hips, not the abdomen.
  • Listen carefully to the instructions of the flight attendants and clearly follow the instructions received.
  • Do not get up from the passenger seats and do not unfasten the belts until the liner has come to a complete emergency stop.
  • After receiving an evacuation order from an airship, act quickly, strictly following the instructions of the personnel.
  • After exiting the aircraft, move to a safe distance.

Where is the best place to sit on an airplane:

When the plane crashes

When an airliner crashes, not everyone has a chance of survival, but if you act strictly according to the instructions, you can find hope for salvation. Statistically, as a result aviation accidents some passengers managed to survive by carefully studying the rules of conduct in an emergency situation on board and acting according to these rules at the time of the crash.

Rules of conduct in case of an airplane crash:

  • If the liner crashed on land, surviving passengers should not move far from the wreckage, where rescue services will go first to search for people.
  • If possible, it is necessary to kindle a fire, which will become a guide for rescuers, and at the same time allow injured travelers to warm up.
  • It may take several days to find people. Surviving passengers who find themselves in extreme conditions environment, you need to find the source with drinking water to quench their thirst, and find some food so as not to die of hunger. According to experts, a person can live up to 4 weeks on one bar of chocolate. Any food found, whether it be fresh berries from the bushes or caught fish in a pond, needs to be properly distributed for small snacks, thanks to which the passenger will be able to survive until the meeting with the rescue staff.
  • If the plane crashed into the water, the surviving passengers must move in the water to prevent hypothermia. Try to find a suitable floating craft nearby on the water surface, on which you can hold out until the rescue team arrives.
  • Airplanes have life jackets that keep people afloat well. The main thing is not to inflate or put them on during the fall of the liner. In one plane crash, people managed to survive after falling into the water, but due to inflated vests, they could not get out from under the sinking wreckage of the liner, which led to death.
  • If the passenger managed to get to land on his own, you need to take off your clothes, squeeze it well and put it back on. As a rule, in such situations, finding dry clothes is unrealistic.

When a plane is hijacked by terrorists

The hijacking of an aircraft by terrorists poses a serious danger to passengers and crew members. It is very important to behave correctly in such a situation, without compromising terrorists for actions that are deadly for people's lives.

Rules of conduct in case of aircraft hijacking:

  • Fulfill all the requirements of the invaders.
  • Try to calm down and not panic. This state of affairs will only exacerbate the already dangerous situation which can cost human lives.
  • Carefully inspect the cabin of the aircraft without making sudden movements. Think about where it will be convenient for you to hide in case a firefight starts on board.
  • Try not to stand out from the crowd. Do not draw the attention of terrorists to your person.
  • If the invader demands to remove jewelry or give money, expensive gadgets, follow this requirement unquestioningly. Do not try to save your property at the cost of your own life.
  • Do not attempt self-rescue, no amateur performance is the main rule of conduct on board an aircraft hijacked by terrorists.

Passengers and crew members are rescued by experienced special forces soldiers. As a rule, hijackings of airliners are extremely rare and are carried out in order to obtain certain benefits. The invaders will definitely express their demand and will wait for response from the authorized services on the ground.

Special squad soldiers will also develop a plan to rescue passengers on a hijacked plane. If you hear a clear command "Everyone on the floor", act immediately! After such words, a shootout may begin.

If the command “Urgently leave the aircraft” is received, promptly comply with this requirement, observing safety precautions when evacuating to the exit.

In any emergency on board an aircraft, remain calm and act strictly according to safety rules. Compliance with these requirements will significantly increase the chances of rescue. Always believe in the best and don't think bad when planning an airline flight.


While on the plane, have a container filled with water and preferably the entire survival kit on duty, adjusted for the season and flight conditions. If the flight will take place over water, take something buoyant enough with you, for example, just tie hand baggage in a rubberized bag, and disguise it in a bag.

When emergency landing the safest thing is the middle of the cabin. Move there without waiting for the incident, if there are empty seats, because when they announce emergency, the middle will be in short supply. Specify where the emergency exit is located, what methods of evacuation from the cabin are provided, whether there are oxygen masks and how to put oxygen into them, what means of rescue are available on the water. Mask containers are usually attached to the ceiling or to the back of the front seat.

As a lifeboat, lower seat cushions, inflatable vests that are under the seats, inflatable ladders, and inflatable rafts are usually used. Sit closer to the exit from the passenger compartment or to the emergency exit. There may be an emergency exit to the wing. They can be used in case of fire on the ground and when landing on water. Adjust the harness to fit your body, practice quick fastening and unfastening. There shouldn't be any slack. Do not unfasten during the entire flight, otherwise, in case of a sudden maneuver or getting into air pocket you might end up on the ceiling. For the same reason, walking around the cabin is dangerous. Buckle up your neighbor, otherwise he may fall on you from the ceiling.

Aircraft takeoff and landing accidents.

During takeoff and landing, put on a coat - if it is made of a slow-burning material (wool, leather). In the event of a fire, it will provide you with some protection. Do not wear shoes with thin heels, they can pierce the emergency inflatable ladder. If there is a risk of an emergency landing, make sure that there is nothing hard and heavy on the shelf above you. Keep your luggage under a seat or on your lap. In an emergency landing, wrap your head with some clothes, cover your face with your hands and bend down to your knees. This will protect against splinters.

If the space between the seats is too tight, put your hands on the front seat and rest your head on your hands. After an emergency landing, task number one is to get out of the plane before the fuel explodes. If there is a hint of panic, help the crew clean up. For example, declare loudly: “Whoever yells, I will bruise his head!” Commander's voice must be set in advance. If there is no leader in a critical situation, take the initiative on yourself. Your means: calmness, order, fist.

Airplane decompression.

In case of an accident on high altitude decompression may occur - a drop in air pressure in the cabin. Signs of decompression: whistling, ear pain, intestinal pain, warming and tingling of the skin. put on oxygen mask and move less. With fast decompression at high altitude, you will only have 15 seconds to put on your oxygen mask. If you are late, you will lose consciousness. First, put on a mask yourself, and only then help others. Oxygen will not begin to flow until you turn it on. Usually you need to pull the cord that runs from the mask to the fuse.

If a compartment with oxygen masks suddenly opens in front of you or above you, put on your mask immediately. Don't look at others and don't ask questions. The fact is that when the pressure drops, this compartment opens automatically. It is difficult to tell by feeling whether oxygen is being supplied or not, since it has no smell. Fasten the mask on your head, because there is still a danger of losing consciousness. The stewardess will not help you, as she will be busy with others.

Airplane fire.

It is advisable to have a folding knife of not criminal size with you. At least such a tool should be at hand. Experience shows that a small knife can be easily passed through the test device. In the event of a fire on the ground, fate has given you 5 minutes to evacuate. The closer to the floor, the less smoke. Crawl on all fours. If you have time, cover your skin better: put on gloves, a hat, and so on. After getting out of the plane, quickly move away from it at a distance of at least 1.5 kilometers.

Landing on an airplane.

A prematurely inflated life jacket can prevent you from getting out of the cabin if you have to dive. If you are directly in the water, you will be 10 times less likely to survive than if you are on a life raft. Mainly due to . Going on a flight, dress in bright colors. You are more likely to be found on the water.

Based on the book "Tips for Air Passengers".
YES. Johnson. 1989

The chance of dying on air travel is very low: one in 9 million. A lot can happen over 10km above the ground, and if you're so unfortunate that you're on a plane when something goes wrong, it's a matter of life and death depending on the decisions you make. Nearly 95% of plane crashes have survivors, so even in the worst case scenario, your chances are not as bad as you might think. You can take precautions before flying, stay calm during a fall, and stay alive.

Steps

Part 1

Preparing for a safe flight

    Wear comfortable clothing. If you survive a plane crash, you need to stay warm. Even if this factor is not taken critically, you will still get fewer burns and be able to avoid numerous injuries if your body is covered with clothing as much as possible. Wear a long-sleeved T-shirt, trousers, and sturdy lace-up shoes.

    • Clothing that is loose or intricate can be dangerous on board an aircraft as there is a chance that the clothing could get caught on something and prevent free movement. If the flight path is over cold areas, dress appropriately. It is advisable to bring a jacket with you.
    • Clothing made of cotton or wool is also suitable, as they consist of components that are difficult to ignite. When flying over water, woolen clothing is preferred, since wool does not lose its insulating properties when wet, like cotton.

  1. Wear practical shoes. Although you would like to fly in comfort or have a professional look on board, your sandals or high heels can make it difficult to move quickly if necessary. High-heeled shoes are not recommended to be worn during the flight. Information about this can be found on the evacuation slides.

    Sit better in the tail of the plane. Passengers who sit in the tail are 40% more likely to survive in the event of a fall. Being able to exit quickly gives you a better chance of survival, so the best places are seats near the aisles, close to the exit and at the end of the aircraft.

    Read the passenger memo and carefully listen to the safety instructions given before takeoff. Yes, you may have heard all this before and perhaps this information was never useful to you. However, the information you miss because you're wearing headphones can be vital if you fall.

    Count the number of seats between your seat and the emergency exit. Find the emergency exit closest to you and count the number of seats you need to pass. During a fall, smoke, noise, or chaos may reign in the cabin. You may need to feel your way to the emergency exit, and it will be easier if you know where the exit is and how far it is from you.

    • You can even write down the number of seats on your hand. In case the number flies out of your head, the memo will be in an easily accessible place.

  2. Keep your seatbelt fastened during the entire flight. Every inch of a loose seat belt triples the force of gravity during a fall. Therefore, it is best to fasten your seat belt as tightly as possible while on board an aircraft.

    • Slide the belt as low as possible so that it is in the pelvic area. The belt should fit around the ilium so that its upper protrusion is higher than the upper edge of the belt. In this case, you will be much better protected than if the belt was in the abdomen.
    • Do not unfasten your seat belt, even if you are sleeping. If something happens while you are sleeping, you will only be glad that the belts were fastened.

    Part 2

    Preparing for a collision

    1. Assess the situation. Try to determine which surface the plane will land on to prepare accordingly. If the plane hits water, for example, then you will need to wear a life jacket that does not need to be inflated while you are on the plane. If the landing is cold water You should wear a jacket to stay as warm as possible.

      • Divide the flight route by the time you have flown to determine where you are at the time of the fall. If you are flying exclusively over land, you can be sure that you will not fall into the ocean.
      • Use the time before the fall to find a way out. If the plane crashes, you almost always have some time to prepare. Use this time to re-determine the exit location.

    2. Prepare your place as much as possible. If you know the plane is going down, return your seat to an upright position and remove any items that could be dangerous, if possible. Zip up your jacket and make sure your shoes are tightly laced. Then assume the safety positions used to survive a plane crash and try to remain calm.

      • According to another safety position, your feet should be on the floor and slightly away from your knees (not at right angles). This will help avoid damage to the legs, which will come in handy in order to make your way to the exit after the crash. Move your legs under the seat as far as possible to avoid breaking your lower leg.

    3. Lean against the front seat. If it is located at arm's length, lean on your hand, put your other hand on top of your palm. Tilt your head towards your hands. Don't interlace your fingers.

      Try to remain calm. In the moments leading up to the fall, panic and turmoil rise on board. The main thing is not to lose your head and you may increase your chances of survival. Remember that even in difficult situation there is a chance of survival. You need to think rationally and methodically to increase this chance.

      If you fall into the water, wear a life jacket, but don't inflate it. If you do decide to inflate it when the cabin begins to fill with water, the lifejacket will lift you up to the ceiling of the cabin and it will be more difficult for you to swim back. Thus, you will fall into a trap. Better hold your breath and swim out, when you're out of the cabin, you can inflate it.

      Put on an oxygen mask before helping others. You've probably heard this before every flight, but it's still worth repeating. If the cabin has been breached, you only have 15 seconds or less to get your oxygen mask on before you pass out.

    Part 3

    Crash Survival

      Shield yourself from smoke. Fire and smoke account for the highest number of deaths in a plane crash. The smoke from an airplane fire can be very thick and contain many toxic substances, so try to cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief to avoid inhaling toxic substances. If possible, wet the handkerchief for extra protection.

      • While moving, try to bend down to be below the level of smoke. It may not seem important to you, but one of the most dangerous factors during a crash can be exposure to smoke if you inhale it.

    1. Get out of the plane as quickly as possible. According to the National Transportation Safety Administration, 68% of deaths in air crashes are caused by fire that flares up after a fall. It is very important to leave the plane without delay. If there is already fire or smoke, then you have less than two minutes to leave the cabin.

      • Make sure the exit you choose is safe. Look through the porthole if there is fire or others possible risks behind the exit. If the exit is unsafe, try to find another exit.

    2. Listen to the post-crash guidance. Flight attendants go through rigorous training so trust me they know what to do in the event of a crash. If a flight attendant is able to help you, listen carefully and be cooperative in order to increase the chances of all passengers to survive.

      Leave your things. Don't try to save your property. This is a simple truth, but there are still people who cannot accept it. Leave everything behind. Trying to save your belongings will only delay you.

      • If you need to save things that are in the aircraft area, take care of it later. Now you need to make sure that you have found a safe escape route and a safe place to hide. Leave now!

    3. You need to move at least 150 meters away from the wreckage. If you're stuck in nearby areas, it's best to wait for the lifeguards, even if you don't want to stay close. A fire or explosion can be sudden, so you still need to maintain some distance from the aircraft. If you were in open water, move as far away from the wreckage as possible.

      Stay in one place, but be aware of what is happening. It's really important to stay calm after a crash, but you also need to understand when you need to act and act quickly. Help people who are in distress and provide first aid to people with injuries.

      • Take care of your wounds if possible. Examine yourself for cuts and abrasions, apply pressure if necessary. Try not to move so as not to exacerbate internal injuries.
      • Panic can only prevent you from acting effectively and properly in the current situation. For example, a passenger can stay in his seat, but you need to move to the exit. Be careful with such passengers.

    4. Wait for the rescuers. You will have a better chance of being saved if you stay where you are. Do not seek help and run away somewhere. If your plane crashes, there will probably be people on the scene soon and you need to be there to get help. Just stay where you are.

    • Remove sharp objects such as pens, pencils, etc. from your pockets before you fall. It will be better if you do not take them with you at all. Almost every item that is in the cabin of an aircraft can cause death during a crash.
    • If you can find a pillow or something soft to protect your head during a fall, by all means use it.
    • Save your life before helping others!
    • Listen carefully to the instructions and do not think of anything yourself, as this may put your life in danger. Act in accordance with the guidance received from the guides. Stand up only when it is safe to do so and you are allowed to leave your seat.
    • If you have a cell phone with you, try contacting emergency services for help.
    • Quite often, passengers forget how to unfasten their seat belt after a crash. It seems easy enough, but under the circumstances, the first instinct is to pull the belt off, as is the case with car seat belts. It's easy to panic when it doesn't work. Before you fall, make a mental reminder of how to unfasten your seat belt.
    • If you have nothing to wet your handkerchief with to protect your airways from smoke, use urine. Such a breach of decency is acceptable in emergency situations.
    • stay in safe places until the plane comes to a complete stop. Usually, the main blow is followed by a secondary one.
    • If you don't have time to prepare for a fall, or if you forgot some of these tips, you can easily find the information you need in the Passenger Aid located in the front seat pocket.
    • Keep calm.

    Warnings

    • Do not push other passengers. Organized exit from the cabin increases the chances of saving all passengers, and if you start to panic and push, you can get hit back.
    • Never hold an infant or child on your lap. In terms of money, it will be more profitable not to buy a ticket for a separate seat for a child, but his chances of survival are significantly reduced if you hold the child on your lap. Purchase a separate ticket for your child and secure a child-friendly security system.
    • Avoid excessive alcohol consumption before or on board an aircraft. Alcohol blocks the ability to act quickly and methodically in the event of a fall.
    • Try not to fall on the floor of the cabin. If there is smoke in the cabin, bend over, but do not lie down on the floor at all. In poor visibility, other passengers may trample you, trying to get to the exit.
    • When you land on the water, do not inflate your life jacket until you are outside the aircraft cabin. If you inflate a life jacket, you run the risk of being trapped in the cabin when it fills with water.
    • When traveling by air, it is best not to wear synthetic clothing. If a flame ignites in an airplane cabin, the synthetic fabric will melt on your skin.
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