Safety rules for emergencies on board aircraft. Landing on an airplane. How long do oxygen masks last?

The chance of dying on air travel is very low: one in 9 million. A lot can happen over 10km above the ground, and if you're so unfortunate that you're on a plane when something goes wrong, it's a matter of life and death depending on the decisions you make. Nearly 95% of plane crashes have survivors, so even in the worst case scenario, your chances are not as bad as you might think. You can take precautions before flying, stay calm during a fall, and stay alive.

Steps

Part 1

Wear comfortable clothing. If you survive a plane crash, you need to stay warm. Even if this factor is not taken critically, you will still get fewer burns and be able to avoid numerous injuries if your body is covered with clothing as much as possible. Wear a long-sleeved T-shirt, trousers, and sturdy lace-up shoes.

• Clothing that is loose or intricate can be dangerous on board an aircraft as there is a chance that the clothing could get caught on something and prevent free movement. If the flight path is over cold areas, dress appropriately. It is advisable to bring a jacket with you.
• Clothing made of cotton or wool is also suitable, as they consist of components that are difficult to ignite. When flying over water, woolen clothing is preferred, since wool does not lose its insulating properties when wet, like cotton.

1. Wear practical shoes. Although you would like to fly in comfort or have a professional look on board, your sandals or high heels can make it difficult to move quickly if necessary. High-heeled shoes are not recommended to be worn during the flight. Information about this can be found on the evacuation slides.

   Sit better in the tail of the plane. Passengers who sit in the tail have 40% more chances survive in the event of a fall. Being able to exit quickly gives you a better chance of survival, so the best places are seats near the aisles, close to the exit and at the end of the aircraft.

   Read the passenger memo and carefully listen to the safety instructions given before takeoff. Yes, you may have heard all this before and perhaps this information was never useful to you. However, the information you miss because you're wearing headphones can be vital if you fall.

   Count the number of seats between your seat and the emergency exit. Find the emergency exit closest to you and count the number of seats you need to pass. During a fall, smoke, noise, or chaos may reign in the cabin. You may need to feel your way to the emergency exit, and it will be easier if you know where the exit is and how far it is from you.

   • You can even write down the number of seats on your hand. In case the number flies out of your head, the memo will be in an easily accessible place.

2. Keep your seatbelt fastened during the entire flight. Every inch of a loose seat belt triples the force of gravity during a fall. Therefore, it is best to fasten your seat belt as tightly as possible while on board an aircraft.

   • Slide the belt as low as possible so that it is in the pelvic area. The belt should fit around the ilium so that its upper protrusion is higher than the upper edge of the belt. In this case, you will be much better protected than if the belt was in the abdomen.
   • Do not unfasten your seat belt, even if you are sleeping. If something happens while you are sleeping, you will only be glad that the belts were fastened.

   Part 2

   Preparing for a collision

   1. Assess the situation. Try to determine which surface the plane will land on to prepare accordingly. If the plane hits water, for example, then you will need to wear a life jacket that does not need to be inflated while you are on the plane. If the landing is cold water You should wear a jacket to stay as warm as possible.

      • Divide the flight route by the time you have flown to determine where you are at the time of the fall. If you are flying exclusively over land, you can be sure that you will not fall into the ocean.
      • Use the time before the fall to find a way out. If the plane crashes, you almost always have some time to prepare. Use this time to re-determine the exit location.

   2. Prepare your place as much as possible. If you know the plane is going down, return your seat to an upright position and remove any items that could be dangerous, if possible. Zip up your jacket and make sure your shoes are tightly laced. Then assume the safety positions used to survive a plane crash and try to remain calm.

      • According to another safety position, your feet should be on the floor and slightly away from your knees (not at right angles). This will help avoid damage to the legs, which will come in handy in order to make your way to the exit after the crash. Move your legs under the seat as far as possible to avoid breaking your lower leg.

   3. Lean against the front seat. If it is located at arm's length, lean on your hand, put your other hand on top of your palm. Tilt your head towards your hands. Don't interlace your fingers.

      Try to remain calm. In the moments leading up to the fall, panic and turmoil rise on board. The main thing is not to lose your head and you may increase your chances of survival. Remember that even in difficult situation there is a chance of survival. You need to think rationally and methodically to increase this chance.

      If you fall into the water, wear a life jacket, but don't inflate it. If you do decide to inflate it when the cabin begins to fill with water, the lifejacket will lift you up to the ceiling of the cabin and it will be more difficult for you to swim back. Thus, you will fall into a trap. Better hold your breath and swim out, when you're out of the cabin, you can inflate it.

      Put on an oxygen mask before helping others. You've probably heard this before every flight, but it's still worth repeating. If the cabin has been breached, you only have 15 seconds or less to get your oxygen mask on before you pass out.

   Part 3

   Crash Survival

   Shield yourself from smoke. Fire and smoke account for the highest number of deaths in a plane crash. The smoke from an airplane fire can be very thick and contain many toxic substances, so try to cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief to avoid inhaling toxic substances. If possible, wet the handkerchief for extra protection.

   • While moving, try to bend down to be below the level of smoke. It may not seem important to you, but one of the most dangerous factors during a crash can be exposure to smoke if you inhale it.

   1. Get out of the plane as quickly as possible. According to the National Transportation Safety Administration, 68% of deaths in air crashes are caused by fire that flares up after a fall. It is very important to leave the plane without delay. If there is already fire or smoke, then you have less than two minutes to leave the cabin.

      • Make sure the exit you choose is safe. Look through the porthole if there is fire or others possible risks behind the exit. If the exit is unsafe, try to find another exit.

   2. Listen to the post-crash guidance. Flight attendants go through rigorous training so trust me they know what to do in the event of a crash. If a flight attendant is able to help you, listen carefully and be cooperative in order to increase the chances of all passengers to survive.

      Leave your things. Don't try to save your property. This is a simple truth, but there are still people who cannot accept it. Leave everything behind. Trying to save your belongings will only delay you.

      • If you need to save things that are in the aircraft area, take care of it later. Now you need to make sure that you have found a safe escape route and a safe place to hide. Leave now!

   3. You need to move at least 150 meters away from the wreckage. If you're stuck in nearby areas, it's best to wait for the lifeguards, even if you don't want to stay close. A fire or explosion can be sudden, so you still need to maintain some distance from the aircraft. If you were in open water, move as far away from the wreckage as possible.

      Stay in one place, but be aware of what is happening. It's really important to stay calm after a crash, but you also need to understand when you need to act and act quickly. Help people who are in distress and provide first aid to people with injuries.

      • Take care of your wounds if possible. Examine yourself for cuts and abrasions, apply pressure if necessary. Try not to move so as not to exacerbate internal injuries.
      • Panic can only prevent you from acting effectively and properly in the current situation. For example, a passenger can stay in his seat, but you need to move to the exit. Be careful with such passengers.

   4. Wait for the rescuers. You will have a better chance of being saved if you stay where you are. Do not seek help and run away somewhere. If your plane crashes, there will probably be people on the scene soon and you need to be there to get help. Just stay where you are.

   • Remove sharp objects such as pens, pencils, etc. from your pockets before you fall. It will be better if you do not take them with you at all. Almost every item that is in the cabin of an aircraft can cause death during a crash.
   • If you can find a pillow or something soft to protect your head during a fall, by all means use it.
   • Save your life before helping others!
   • Listen carefully to the instructions and do not think of anything yourself, as this may put your life in danger. Act in accordance with the guidance received from the guides. Stand up only when it is safe to do so and you are allowed to leave your seat.
   • If you have mobile phone try calling the emergency services for help.
   • Quite often, passengers forget how to unfasten their seat belt after a crash. It seems easy enough, but under the circumstances, the first instinct is to pull the belt off, as is the case with car seat belts. It's easy to panic when it doesn't work. Before you fall, make a mental reminder of how to unfasten your seat belt.
   • If you have nothing to wet your handkerchief with to protect your airways from smoke, use urine. Such a breach of decency is acceptable in emergency situations.
   • stay in safe places ah until the plane comes to a complete stop. Usually, the main blow is followed by a secondary one.
   • If you don't have time to prepare for a fall, or if you forgot some of these tips, you can easily find the information you need in the Passenger Aid located in the front seat pocket.
   • Keep calm.

   Warnings

   • Do not push other passengers. Organized exit from the cabin increases the chances of saving all passengers, and if you start to panic and push, you can get hit back.
   • Never hold an infant or child on your lap. In terms of money, it will be more profitable not to buy a ticket for a separate seat for a child, but his chances of survival are significantly reduced if you hold the child on your lap. Purchase a separate ticket for your child and secure a child-friendly security system.
   • Avoid excessive alcohol consumption before or on board an aircraft. Alcohol blocks the ability to act quickly and methodically in the event of a fall.
   • Try not to fall on the floor of the cabin. If there is smoke in the cabin, bend over, but do not lie down on the floor at all. In poor visibility, other passengers may trample you, trying to get to the exit.
   • When you land on the water, do not inflate your life jacket until you are outside the aircraft cabin. If you inflate a life jacket, you run the risk of being trapped in the cabin when it fills with water.
   • When traveling by air, it is best not to wear synthetic clothing. If a flame ignites in an airplane cabin, the synthetic fabric will melt on your skin.

The plane is considered the safest mode of transport, however, even in it passengers are in danger. What are they and what to do in order to minimize the damage. 7 important tips for 7 dangerous situations:

Fights on board

Fights on board the aircraft have become a common occurrence, both among our compatriots and among foreign tourists. This is explained, as a rule, by the fact that many people get drunk at the airport in order to allay the fear of flying or simply reduce the waiting time. Once in a confined space, someone just falls asleep, while someone begins to look for reasons for conflict. Among air carriers, there is the concept of "drunk charters", which is usually applied to flights to Turkey, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates.

The most dangerous thing on board is a group of fans who strive to get the maximum adrenaline and, along with fights, arrange a “pitching”, that is, they rush from one side to another. If there are less than 30 people, it is not dangerous, otherwise the balance of the aircraft may be disturbed.

Having witnessed a fight on board, first of all, you need to remain calm.

All foreign airlines have so-called "marshals" in their crews - large stewards who are much better at pacifying violent passengers than serving sandwiches.

But in domestic companies there is no such position, so men should be ready to help the flight attendant if necessary.

Turbulence zone and air pockets

Turbulence refers to the mixing of several air streams with different temperatures and density, as a result of which the aircraft can instantly descend or rise by several tens of meters. Most often, this happens at an altitude of more than six thousand meters, during a flight over the city, sandy beach or a lake, the surface of which is heated unevenly.

When an aircraft crashes into a large air pocket, all items in the cabin and not properly secured, soar up sharply and then fall on those sitting. In addition, if you do not buckle up, you can get bruised or even fractured by hitting during the shaking that usually happens when passing through a turbulence zone.

When boarding an aircraft, make sure that there are no heavy or sharp objects nearby,
loose baggage.

Even a pen in a jacket pocket can become dangerous, so it's best to pack it in a bag.

In addition, be sure to buckle up, and if you get into a turbulence zone, group yourself as indicated in the passenger memo.

Airplane fire

It is not uncommon for passengers themselves to be responsible for a fire on an airplane, carelessly handling fire or smoking on board. True, a fire can occur during takeoff or landing, and then the passenger has no more than three minutes to get out of the plane.

First of all, remember that the plane is a huge flying fuel truck, and it is strictly forbidden to use lighters or smoke on board.
If a fire while on runway has already begun, try to leave the cabin as soon as possible.

To do this, when landing, remember where the emergency exits, count how many rows of seats from you to the exit, in order to navigate even by touch.

Don't inhale the smoke, walk bent over or on all fours, put on a coat or jacket, and get rid of synthetics in your clothes (including tights), because when melted, they cause the most severe burns.

You should not take off your shoes, except for stilettos when entering the inflatable ladder, and even those should be held in your hands so that you can immediately put on shoes on the ground and not step on broken glass or plastic.

Decompression

Decompression, unlike most air accidents, happens very quickly and, although it seems frightening, is not a cause for panic. The loud noise that accompanies the release of air from the cabin can scare, but this is not the most dangerous. The plane quickly fills with fog and dust, it becomes difficult to breathe, there is ringing in the ears. At this point, the most important thing is not to panic, but to put on an oxygen mask and securely fasten it so that it does not fall off, even with a possible pitching or loss of consciousness. Know that the crew will immediately begin to correct the situation, and the aircraft will descend sharply until the pressure in the cabin and outside equalize, and then it will be made emergency landing at the nearest airport.

At the first sign of decompression, put on your oxygen mask and then help those around you.

Even if there is a child nearby, take care of yourself first, otherwise you may pass out and leave him without help.

Aircraft landing in strong side wind

It is not for nothing that flight attendants ask passengers to fasten their seat belts and raise their seat backs during takeoff and landing. The most unexpected accidents occur during these periods of flight.

First of all, you should not rely only on the instructions of the crew.

If you notice that the flight is going wrong (the plane is descending sharply, one of the engines has died down, or there is smoke in the cabin), buckle up, group up and get ready for emergency landing, during which strong overloads are inevitable.

As soon as the plane stops, passengers will be evacuated. At this point, you should not succumb to panic, but you need to do everything as quickly as possible.

Hijacking

Cases of aircraft hijacking are extremely rare, however, they quickly become known to the whole world. And although the chance that the Moscow-Antalya flight will be hijacked is negligible, it is still better to know the basic rules of behavior and survival in such situations.

Do not stand out among other passengers, fulfill all the requirements of the criminals, and then the release groups.

Perform any action (going to the toilet, opening luggage) only after receiving permission.

During the assault, try to sit or lie down on the floor or hide behind the back of a chair, do not express your attitude towards the invaders and do not try to deal with them yourself.

After your release, be prepared for the fact that for the next few hours you will have to continuously answer questions from the police and law enforcement agencies.
Water landing

IN emergency cases the plane can land on the water, but this does not mean that the victims are inevitable, since this is all aircraft prepared. The ship can stay afloat for up to 40 minutes, and during this time everyone has time to leave it. Besides, modern aircraft equipped with life jackets and life rafts that self-inflate in one minute.

Before departure, find out in which position the aircraft is kept afloat
- horizontally, with the tail or bow lowered into the water. Based on this, plan which exit you will need to move to.

After landing, start with the help of the stewards to launch self-inflating rafts.
If the raft does not start to inflate by itself, pull the handle of the air supply system located on the side of the raft.

In the special literature, there is the concept of a "competent passenger" - a person who makes the most of his chances of salvation in an emergency.

In 1974, during the crash of the B-707 aircraft in Pago Dago in Samoa, out of a hundred and one passengers, only five survived, who later said that they carefully read the memo and listened to the instructions of the stewardess.

Therefore, to save them, they took advantage of the emergency exits to the wing, while other passengers staged a stampede, rushing to the traditional entrance-exit. The commission stated that most passengers would have been saved if they simply knew where the emergency hatches were and how to use them.

Today, the plane is one of the safest modes of transport. This is true, but only within the framework of statistics. It should be added that while it is still possible to escape from a car accident or a train crash, a plane crash usually means the death of all passengers on board.

When on January 26, 1972, a bomb exploded on board a JAT DC-9 aircraft, and the wreckage of the liner collapsed from a height of more than 10 km, it was clear to everyone that none of the passengers escaped. However, the flight attendant Vesna Vulovich survived. How could this happen? Some believe that Vesna Vulovich was saved by the fact that she had low blood pressure - she quickly lost consciousness, and this saved her from a heart attack. Others simply believe that a miracle happened. As a result of the disaster, Vulovich herself developed amnesia - she does not remember either the explosion itself, or even what happened an hour before it. Therefore, it is unlikely that we will ever know the truth about this unusual case. Unusual because it has never happened before that someone survived the crash of a plane flying so high.

Most often, a plane crash in which someone survived is an unsuccessful takeoff of an airplane or an emergency landing. The forces acting in such cases are not as destructive as, for example, when two planes collide, tanks full of fuel explode, or fall from a great height. However, there is always a chance to survive, and it depends on many factors.

If you look at pictures of air crashes, then they often show how the tail of the aircraft sticks out of the wreckage, sometimes even intact. It is the tail that touches the ground last of all during the fall, so the passenger sitting in the back has greatest chance stay alive. The dimensions of the aircraft also matter: the larger the car, the safer it is.

In passenger aircraft, there is no catapult for the pilot, as, for example, in fighters; also, you can not escape from a falling plane by parachute. Everything that is in passenger airliners, serves solely to avoid bodily injury, which can be received in the cabin during the flight.

Unlike a car, an aircraft, flying into a stationary structure or any vehicle, usually does not stop, but rushes on. Therefore, passengers are not subjected to sudden impacts. An exception to this would be when the plane collides with a mountain. In this case, the chances of salvation are minimal.

In other cases, in the event of an in-flight emergency, the crew may decide to forced landing, which is quite likely in a deserted area. At the same time, if conditions allow and the aircraft is controllable, they try to land on a relatively flat area without obstacles, and in extreme cases, on a forest. At the same time, injuries and the number of victims increase, but if the plane does not fall apart immediately and does not burn, then the chances of salvation increase.

There are several basic types of emergencies. In the air, in order to act correctly in them, one must not only know how to behave, but also mentally make a path to salvation in advance. This gives you more chances that in a dangerous moment your memory will not fail you.

• Takeoff and landing accidents

It is unlikely that you will be warned about an accident of this kind in advance. Therefore, the most reasonable tactic is preliminary personal safety measures before each takeoff and landing. For example, be in outerwear: a coat or jacket (not synthetics!) Can protect you from burns if you have to get out of a fire. Stay in your shoes, even if they are high heels, in case you have to walk over debris, burning plastic, etc.

A woman should take off her high-heeled shoes only in front of the inflatable ladder, without blocking the path to evacuation for other passengers and not letting go of her shoes in order to immediately put on shoes on the ground. Of course, you need to take off your tie, scarf, glasses, hairpins, etc. - V extreme situation even a fountain pen in the side pocket of a jacket is dangerous. Before each takeoff and landing, carefully adjust the seat belt. It should be firmly fixed as low as possible at your hips. Check if you have heavy suitcases over your head.

Just before an accident, it is usually possible to assume a safe, fixed position. It is usually recommended to bend over and clasp your hands tightly under your knees (or grab your ankles). The head should be laid on your knees, and if this does not work, tilt it as low as possible. The legs should be rested on the floor, extending them as far as possible (but not under the front seat, which can jam in an accident).

The US Federal Aviation Administration recommends using the seat in front of you for another fixed position. On the back of the chair, you should put your hands in a crossed state and press your head to your hands. Also stretch your legs and rest. And, of course, both poses can only be taken with a fastened belt. At the moment of impact, you should strain as much as possible and prepare for a significant overload. Its direction in most accidents is forward and maybe down.

As a rule, emergency exits are located on the left and right sides of the fuselage. All exits for passengers, approaches to them and means of opening are clearly marked from a distance, which facilitates their detection. About the location of all exits from the salon tells in brief instructions stewardess. Leaving all the pre-landing worries, listen to her carefully. Be sure to mentally imagine your way to the nearest exit. And if you're sitting next to escape hatch, then you have an additional responsibility: the life of many people depends on whether you can open it. However, it is not always possible to open the nearest exit (flame outside, deformation of the fuselage in this place, etc.), so you need to remember all the ways to escape.

Takeoff and landing accidents are usually sudden, and you may not wait for the crew to warn you, so be aware of all the events overboard (smoke, sudden descent, engine shutdown, etc.) in order to take a fixed position. However, under no circumstances leave your seat until the plane comes to a complete stop, do not panic. Only a professional can judge with certainty about the danger of what is happening.

One of the most frequent accidents on board an aircraft is bruises and other injuries sustained during turbulence.

Turbulence- these are various eddies and air currents, randomly moving inside the atmosphere in various directions. Over half of the cases of turbulence occur with an aircraft at an altitude of over 6 thousand meters, 30% - at an altitude of up to 3 thousand meters and 5-10% - in the range from 3 to 6 thousand meters. Most often this happens in sunny days over houses or over an area with a strong temperature contrast (sand, forest, lake, road) - the earth's surface warms up unevenly, and the heated air masses rise up from different speed, due to which the aircraft can take off in updrafts or fall into air pockets.

This is exactly what happened to the Boeing 747 of American Airlines, which flew over Pacific Ocean December 28, 1997. Once in the turbulent zone, the huge machine instantly lost several tens of meters in height. All loose objects on board immediately took off, hit the ceiling and fell on the heads of the passengers sitting in the chairs. The most severely injured were those of the people who, although they were sitting in their seats, were not wearing seat belts. The plane itself was not injured and continued to fly, but one woman died as a result of her injuries, and the remaining 100 wounded required medical attention.

Since airplanes fly at altitudes where the air is highly discharged and its pressure is much lower than usual, the cabin of the airliner must be airtight - as soon as the slightest crack appears, all the air will escape from the aircraft through it, and this is very dangerous. Therefore, most modern aircraft are equipped with oxygen masks that automatically hover over each passenger seat in the event of a cabin depressurization, and the pilots immediately begin to lower the flight altitude.

Information about an impending disaster, nervousness of the crew, smoke or fire escaping from the engines - all this can cause panic. First, never lose your head. It is advisable to get acquainted with all the emergency systems that are on the plane even before the start. It is worth considering your own evacuation plan - find out where the emergency exit is, and figure out what can be done in the event of a disaster.

If there is a threat of an emergency landing, you need to get rid of sharp objects (pencils, pens, etc.); it would be nice to have something soft (like a pillow) to protect your head.

Decompression(rarefied air in an airplane). Rapid decompression usually begins with a deafening roar (air escapes). The salon is filled with dust and fog. Visibility drops sharply. Air quickly leaves the lungs of a person and cannot be retained. At the same time, ringing in the ears and pain in the intestines (gases expand) are likely.

Don your oxygen mask immediately without waiting for a command or assistance from the crew. The flight attendant will tell you where it is located and how to use it at the beginning of the flight. The mask must be put on, and not just pressed against the nose and mouth - even with the incoming oxygen, you can lose consciousness and drop the mask. For the same reason, you should not help someone before you put on a mask yourself, even if it is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself, both of you will be without oxygen.

Decompression - emergency situation, which the crew immediately begins to correct by lowering the flight altitude. Below three thousand meters, the oxygen content can already be considered normal. Therefore, if there are signs of decompression, immediately after putting on the mask, fasten your seat belts and prepare for sharp decline or "hard" landing.

Fire on board the aircraft. Most passengers estimate that during a fire overboard they will have about five minutes after landing to leave the plane. However, experience shows that it is better to count on one or two minutes. Approximately 20% of aircraft accidents are accompanied by fires; over 70% of people involved in air crashes with fires remain alive.

It is very important to remember the location of the exits. In case of fire, this is also necessary because the smoke interferes not only with breathing, but also with seeing signs. And most importantly, in case of fire, immediately after the plane stops, go to the nearest exit. Wherein:

Water landing

The passenger, who has every chance of being rescued from a water landing, should have some idea of ​​the position in which the aircraft is buoyant even before it lands on the water. Some aircraft float horizontally, others with their tails submerged, and some with their noses submerged.

Knowing this, you will not rush in a panic to the emergency exit at the rear of the aircraft if this exit is under water. You should also know in advance which water rescue equipment (vests, rafts, etc.) are on board, where they are located and how to use them. Before sinking, the aircraft can be afloat from 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time may be significantly shorter.

After splashing down, life rafts should be launched, which inflate automatically when dropped. If this does not happen, then you need to pull the halyard with a strong jerk, which leads to the cylinder of the gas filling system. The time to bring the raft into working condition takes about one minute in summer and three minutes in winter.

Aircraft crashes show two dangerous types of passenger behavior - panic and apathy. Oddly enough, torpor is much more common. This must be remembered in order to prevent such a reaction in oneself and under no circumstances stop the struggle for one's salvation.

How to survive a plane crash on the ground. Ed Galea, a professor from Australia who survived a plane crash, thought about how you can improve your own chances of survival. The most important thing is to never forget that the plane can get into an accident. Naturally, we are not talking about a plane crash from high altitude- it is almost impossible to survive in a car falling from a height of 10 thousand meters, however, the number of incidents already occurring on the ground is much higher, and do not forget that people also die in them. At the same time, according to statistics, in the period from 1983 to 2000 in aviation accidents in the US, 95% of the passengers survived. For example, in 2005 on board the liner Air France, caught fire during landing at the Toronto airport, there were 309 people, and all survived. This incident was called the Miracle in Toronto.

Ed Galea in 1985 was on board a plane that, as it happens, went off the runway and caught fire. This accident killed 55 passengers flying with him. Since then, he has been dealing with the rules of survival on board. During his work, he interviewed more than 2,000 survivors of 105 aviation accidents. Based on their experience, he deduced a number of simple rules:

• When traveling with family, stick together

Half of all air passengers travel in a group - most often with family members. Naturally, in an extreme situation, people try to find their loved ones in order to escape together. If the family is divided in the cabin, then in the event of an accident, people will not be saved, but will look for each other. If a fire is raging in the cabin, then every extra minute in the smoke reduces the chances of survival many times over.

Therefore, a family, especially with children, must be together and at the same time be prepared in advance to be divided. If this is a family of two adults and two children, then Galea advises to proceed as follows: “For example, one adult will be responsible for one child, and another for another. Thus, you already have two groups of two people. If necessary, these groups should be prepared to evacuate separately.”

Another actionable tip: "Every child should know which parent will be looking for him in an emergency." Of course, explaining to a child before a flight how to behave in an accident is extremely unpleasant, but it can save his life.

• Know how to unfasten your seat belt

It may seem like overkill, but the passenger should understand and rehearse how to unfasten the seat belt before flying. Surprisingly, in an emergency, even the crew of the ship can not always quickly get rid of the belts. Do not forget that aviation seat belts do not unfasten in the same way as car seat belts. Extra seconds in the cabin, spent in the fight against the belt, can cost lives.

• Sit closer to the aisle and count the seats to the exit

In fact, there are no absolutely safe places on the plane. Seats in the tail of the liner can be fatal if the fire breaks out there, so general rules when choosing seats does not exist. However, there are some tips.

In this case, it would be safest to sit against the course of the aircraft, but this is not possible on passenger aircraft, although this rule has long been applied on military transports. The problem is that most people prefer to sit on the move, besides, the refurbishment of the cabins of the liners will require huge investments and a complete refurbishment of the cabin.

However, this rule can be applied to rail travel. It is always better to sit against the train, and at the same time it is desirable so that there are no people or objects opposite that, during sudden braking, could cause injury to a person.

• Get a smoke hood

“The smoke contains harmful and narcotic gases, irritants. It is enough to inhale a certain dose, and you will die,” says Galea. Therefore, he takes a portable smoke hood with him on any trip. However, do not forget that you also need to be able to use it, and it should lie as close as possible. The extra time spent searching and trying to open and put it on may not save, but, on the contrary, kill.

• Grouping and preparation

It is very important not to neglect the information that flight attendants provide before the flight. Careful study of the card, which communicates the rules of evacuation, can really save a life.

The grouping - a position that is recommended to be taken in an emergency - may seem ridiculous or stupid, but it is designed to save the passenger from the worst thing in an accident on the ground and a fire - from losing consciousness. In the event of sudden braking or a collision with a ground obstacle, an ungrouped person is likely to receive a head injury, which with a high degree of probability will lead to loss of consciousness. In a panic in a fire, no one will save an unconscious person, therefore, if you do not take care of yourself, the chances of survival will be minimal.

US National Transportation Safety Board(National Transportation Safety Board) offers the following recommendations:

How to avoid becoming a victim of car thieves

Today it is difficult to find a person who has never flown on an airplane. But do we all know about what happens on board during the flight?!

1. In case of danger, never cross your arms over your head to protect your head from a heavy object falling from above.

You can get a serious injury to your hands, which will deprive you of the elementary opportunity to get out of the cabin on your own.

2. Before departure, count the number of rows to the emergency exit, so that in case of an unforeseen situation, you can easily navigate the interior of the aircraft.

3. In the cargo compartment of passenger aircraft, the bodies of dead people are very often transported.

And this is considered absolutely normal practice. But be prepared for the fact that the body may “leak”, soiling your suitcase. True, such cases are extremely rare. Much worse than this is the transport of fish, the smell of which is not so easy to remove. Therefore, always wrap your luggage with foil to protect yourself from the unpleasant consequences of the flight.

4. Most flight delays due to technical reasons occur due to the fault of the passengers themselves: attacks of fear, delays, conflict situations with company representatives and other things.

5. Flight attendants have a concept of "miracle passenger".

They refer to the category of such passengers those who get on the plane in a wheelchair among the first. And, having landed, such passengers leave the cabin on their own. Isn't it a miracle? Healing that happened at an altitude of several thousand meters!

6. Turbulence itself can hardly damage the cabin of an aircraft. A great danger is fraught with things flying around the cabin at this time.

7. Commercial airliners can even fly with one engine.

8. Most of the accidents do not occur during the flight, but a few minutes after takeoff or during the landing of the aircraft.

9. Alcohol during the flight has a much stronger effect on the human body.

Therefore, many flight attendants say that one drink in the air is equal to two drinks on the ground.

10. Passengers with children, disregarding the rules of decency, can very often change diapers right on the tables in front of the seats.

11. Airline personnel may work 6 days a week with minimal rest, including pilots.

12. In many airlines, flight attendants are paid only for the period of time from the closing of the aircraft door to its opening.

Thus, your delay can cause a storm of negative emotions on the faces of the flight attendants, but they will try to keep a smile on their faces.

13. Airport employees among themselves call the luggage compartment employees a very derogatory nickname - “ramp rats”.

14. Some models of modern aircraft have special compartments for people who die right during the flight.

15. Remember the rule: do not be rude, rude, speak negatively and in every possible way irritate flight attendants in the cabin.

They can complain to the pilot about you, and he, having the appropriate authority, can drop you off or isolate you.

16. If during the flight the engine of the aircraft catches fire, then there is a high probability of extinguishing it right in motion.

But even in the event of an emergency, the engine will burn out and fall off without affecting the body of the aircraft.

17. Most often, something is always broken on an airplane.

But this is only what does not threaten your safety and life. Critical breakdowns are eliminated immediately, while minor flaws are postponed for “later”.

18. Don't take off your shoes on the plane.

More precisely, do not put bare feet on the floor, since, most likely, someone vomited there, and more than once.

19. Loads marked fragile are handled just as carelessly as those not marked.

20. On short flights, the staff usually has a little more than an hour to put the plane in order. Therefore, there is no time for thorough cleaning.

21. If you've never seen people bang their heads against the ceiling, and hand luggage falls on their heads, then you've never experienced real turbulence.

22. If the cabin pressure drops, then you have only a few seconds to put on an oxygen mask. Don't think for a minute.

23. If you are flying with several transfers, then try to take a shower at the airport.

This will relieve general fatigue and give you strength for the next flight. If this is not possible, then at least try to change clothes. This helps a lot too!

24. Before a long flight, try to stay up as long as possible.

This will help you make your flight much easier, especially if you are afraid of flying. Most way you just oversleep.

25. As we said, the plane is one of the safest modes of transport.

In the US alone, more than 30,000 people die each year in car accidents. Flight statistics show that the percentage of deaths on board an aircraft is practically zero.

The editors of Arrivo have prepared 7 important tips for 7 dangerous situations.

Fight on board

Fights on board the aircraft have become a common occurrence, both among our compatriots and among foreign tourists. This is explained, as a rule, by the fact that many people get drunk at the airport in order to allay the fear of flying or simply reduce the waiting time. Once in a confined space, someone just falls asleep, while someone begins to look for reasons for conflict.

The most dangerous thing on board is a group of fans who strive to get the maximum adrenaline and, along with fights, arrange a “pitching”, that is, they rush from one side to another. If there are less than 30 people, it is not dangerous, otherwise the balance of the aircraft may be disturbed.

• Having witnessed a fight on board, first of all, you need to remain calm.
• All foreign airlines have so-called "marshals" in their crews - large stewards who do a much better job of pacifying violent passengers than distributing sandwiches.
• But in domestic companies there is no such position, so men should be ready to help the flight attendant if necessary.

Turbulence zone and air pockets

Turbulence is understood as the mixing of several air flows with different temperatures and densities, as a result of which the aircraft can instantly descend or rise several tens of meters. Most often, this happens at an altitude of more than six thousand meters, during a flight over a city, a sandy beach or a lake, the surface of which is heated unevenly.

When an aircraft falls into a large air pocket, all objects in the cabin and not properly fixed, soar up sharply and then fall on those sitting. In addition, if you do not buckle up, you can get bruised or even fractured by hitting during the shaking that usually happens when passing through a turbulence zone.

• When boarding a plane, make sure that there are no heavy or sharp objects, loose luggage nearby.
• Even a pen in a jacket pocket can become dangerous, so it's best to pack it in a bag.
• In addition, be sure to buckle up, and if you get into a turbulence zone, group yourself as indicated in the passenger memo.

Airplane fire

It is not uncommon for passengers themselves to be responsible for a fire on an airplane, carelessly handling fire or smoking on board. True, a fire can occur during takeoff or landing, and then the passenger has no more than three minutes to get out of the plane.

• First of all, remember that the plane is a huge flying fuel truck, and it is strictly forbidden to use lighters or smoke on board.
• If a fire has already started while on the runway, try to leave the cabin as soon as possible.
• To do this, when landing, remember where the emergency exits are located, count how many rows of seats there are from you to the exit, in order to orient yourself even by touch.
• Don't inhale the smoke, walk bent over or on all fours, put on a coat or jacket, and get rid of synthetics in your clothes (including tights), because when melted, they cause the most severe burns.
• You should not take off your shoes, except for stilettos when entering the inflatable ladder, and even those should be held in your hands so that you can immediately put on shoes on the ground and not step on broken glass or plastic.

Decompression

Decompression, unlike most air accidents, happens very quickly and, although it seems frightening, is not a cause for panic. The loud noise that accompanies the release of air from the cabin can scare, but this is not the most dangerous. The plane quickly fills with fog and dust, it becomes difficult to breathe, there is ringing in the ears. At this point, the most important thing is not to panic, but to put on an oxygen mask and securely fasten it so that it does not fall off, even with a possible pitching or loss of consciousness. Know that the crew will immediately begin to correct the situation, and the aircraft will descend sharply until the pressure in the cabin and outside equalize, and then an emergency landing will be made at the nearest airport.

• At the first sign of decompression, put on your oxygen mask and then help those around you.
• Even if there is a child nearby, take care of yourself first, otherwise you may pass out and leave him without help.

Takeoff and landing accidents

It is not for nothing that flight attendants ask passengers to fasten their seat belts and raise their seat backs during takeoff and landing. The most unexpected accidents occur during these periods of flight.

• First of all, you should not rely only on the instructions of the crew.
• If you notice that the flight is going wrong (the plane is descending sharply, one of the engines has died down, or there is smoke in the cabin), buckle up, group up and get ready for an emergency landing, during which severe overloads are inevitable.
• As soon as the plane stops, passengers will be evacuated. At this point, you should not succumb to panic, but you need to do everything as quickly as possible.

Aircraft landing in strong side wind

Hijacking

Cases of aircraft hijacking are extremely rare, however, they quickly become known to the whole world. And although the chance that the Moscow-Antalya flight will be hijacked is negligible, it is still better to know the basic rules of behavior and survival in such situations.

• Do not stand out among other passengers, fulfill all the requirements of the criminals, and then the release groups.
• Perform any action (going to the toilet, opening luggage) only after receiving permission.
• During the assault, try to sit or lie down on the floor or hide behind the back of a chair, do not express your attitude towards the invaders and do not try to deal with them yourself.
• After your release, be prepared for the fact that for the next few hours you will have to continuously answer questions from the police and law enforcement agencies.

Water landing

In emergency cases, the plane can land on the water, but this does not mean that casualties are inevitable, since all aircraft are prepared for this. The ship can stay afloat for up to 40 minutes, and during this time everyone has time to leave it. In addition, modern aircraft are equipped with life jackets and life rafts that self-inflate in one minute.

• Before departure, find out in what position the aircraft is kept afloat - horizontally, with the tail lowered into the water or the bow. Based on this, plan which exit you will need to move to.
• After landing, start with the help of the stewards to launch self-inflating rafts. If the raft does not start to inflate by itself, pull the handle of the air supply system located on the side of the raft.

Another video of a plane landing on the island of St. Martin