Plane crashes. Emergencies in the aircraft cabin. What is prohibited on board? Plane crash statistics
Today it is difficult to find a person who has never flown on an airplane. But do we all know about what happens on board during the flight?!
1. In case of danger, never cross your arms over your head to protect your head from a heavy object falling from above.
You can get a serious injury to your hands, which will deprive you of the elementary opportunity to get out of the cabin on your own.
2. Before departure, count the number of rows to the emergency exit, so that in case of an unforeseen situation, you can easily navigate the interior of the aircraft.
3. In the cargo compartment of passenger aircraft, the bodies of dead people are very often transported.
And this is considered absolutely normal practice. But be prepared for the fact that the body may “leak”, soiling your suitcase. True, such cases are extremely rare. Much worse than this is the transport of fish, the smell of which is not so easy to remove. Therefore, always wrap your luggage with foil to protect yourself from the unpleasant consequences of the flight.
4. Most flight delays due to technical reasons occur due to the fault of the passengers themselves: attacks of fear, delays, conflict situations with company representatives and other things.
5. Flight attendants have a concept of "miracle passenger".
They refer to the category of such passengers those who get on the plane in a wheelchair among the first. And, having landed, such passengers leave the cabin on their own. Isn't it a miracle? Healing that happened at an altitude of several thousand meters!
6. Turbulence itself can hardly damage the cabin of an aircraft. A great danger is fraught with things flying around the cabin at this time.
7. Commercial airliners can even fly with one engine.
8. Most of the accidents do not occur during the flight, but a few minutes after takeoff or during the landing of the aircraft.
9. Alcohol during the flight has a much stronger effect on the human body.
Therefore, many flight attendants say that one drink in the air is equal to two drinks on the ground.
10. Passengers with children, disregarding the rules of decency, can very often change diapers right on the tables in front of the seats.
11. Airline personnel may work 6 days a week with minimal rest, including pilots.
12. In many airlines, flight attendants are paid only for the period of time from the closing of the aircraft door to its opening.
Thus, your delay can cause a storm of negative emotions on the faces of the flight attendants, but they will try to keep a smile on their faces.
13. Airport employees among themselves call the luggage compartment employees a very derogatory nickname - “ramp rats”.
14. Some models of modern aircraft have special compartments for people who die right during the flight.
15. Remember the rule: do not be rude, rude, speak negatively and in every possible way irritate flight attendants in the cabin.
They can complain to the pilot about you, and he, having the appropriate authority, can drop you off or isolate you.
16. If during the flight the engine of the aircraft catches fire, then there is a high probability of extinguishing it right in motion.
But even in the case emergency, the engine will burn out and fall off without affecting the body of the aircraft.
17. Most often, something is always broken on an airplane.
But this is only what does not threaten your safety and life. Critical breakdowns are eliminated immediately, while minor flaws are postponed for “later”.
18. Don't take off your shoes on the plane.
More precisely, do not put bare feet on the floor, since, most likely, someone vomited there, and more than once.
19. Loads marked fragile are handled just as carelessly as those not marked.
20. On short flights, the staff usually has a little more than an hour to put the plane in order. Therefore, there is no time for thorough cleaning.
21. If you've never seen people bang their heads against the ceiling, and hand luggage falls on their heads, then you've never experienced real turbulence.
22. If the cabin pressure drops, then you have only a few seconds to put on an oxygen mask. Don't think for a minute.
23. If you are flying with several transfers, then try to take a shower at the airport.
This will relieve general fatigue and give you strength for the next flight. If this is not possible, then at least try to change clothes. This helps a lot too!
24. Before a long flight, try to stay up as long as possible.
This will help you make your flight much easier, especially if you are afraid of flying. Most way you just oversleep.
25. As we said, the plane is one of the safest modes of transport.
In the US alone, more than 30,000 people die each year in car accidents. Flight statistics show that the percentage of deaths on board an aircraft is practically zero.
The aircraft is considered the most safe view transport, however, and in it passengers are in danger. What are they and what to do in order to minimize the damage. 7 important tips for 7 dangerous situations:
Fights on board
Fights on board the aircraft have become a common occurrence, both among our compatriots and among foreign tourists. This is explained, as a rule, by the fact that many people get drunk at the airport in order to allay the fear of flying or simply reduce the waiting time. Once in a confined space, someone just falls asleep, while someone begins to look for reasons for conflict. Among air carriers, there is the concept of "drunk charters", which is usually applied to flights to Turkey, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates.
The most dangerous thing on board is a group of fans who strive to get the maximum adrenaline and, along with fights, arrange a “pitching”, that is, they rush from one side to another. If there are less than 30 people, it is not dangerous, otherwise the balance of the aircraft may be disturbed.
Having witnessed a fight on board, first of all, you need to remain calm.
All foreign airlines have so-called "marshals" in their crews - large stewards who are much better at pacifying violent passengers than serving sandwiches.
But in domestic companies there is no such position, so men should be ready to help the flight attendant if necessary.
Turbulence zone and air pockets
Turbulence refers to the mixing of several air streams with different temperatures and density, as a result of which the aircraft can instantly descend or rise by several tens of meters. Most often, this happens at an altitude of more than six thousand meters, during a flight over the city, sandy beach or a lake, the surface of which is heated unevenly.
When an aircraft crashes into a large air pocket, all items in the cabin and not properly secured, soar up sharply and then fall on those sitting. In addition, if you do not buckle up, you can get bruised or even fractured by hitting during the shaking that usually happens when passing through a turbulence zone.
When boarding an aircraft, make sure that there are no heavy or sharp objects nearby,
loose baggage.
Even a pen in a jacket pocket can become dangerous, so it's best to pack it in a bag.
In addition, be sure to buckle up, and if you get into a turbulence zone, group yourself as indicated in the passenger memo.
Airplane fire
It is not uncommon for passengers themselves to be responsible for a fire on an airplane, carelessly handling fire or smoking on board. True, a fire can occur during takeoff or landing, and then the passenger has no more than three minutes to get out of the plane.
First of all, remember that the plane is a huge flying fuel truck, and it is strictly forbidden to use lighters or smoke on board.
If a fire while on runway has already begun, try to leave the cabin as soon as possible.
To do this, when landing, remember where the emergency exits, count how many rows of seats from you to the exit, in order to navigate even by touch.
Don't inhale the smoke, walk bent over or on all fours, put on a coat or jacket, and get rid of synthetics in your clothes (including tights), because when melted, they cause the most severe burns.
You should not take off your shoes, except for stilettos when entering the inflatable ladder, and even those should be held in your hands so that you can immediately put on shoes on the ground and not step on broken glass or plastic.
Decompression
Decompression, unlike most air accidents, happens very quickly and, although it seems frightening, is not a cause for panic. The loud noise that accompanies the release of air from the cabin can scare, but this is not the most dangerous. The plane quickly fills with fog and dust, it becomes difficult to breathe, there is ringing in the ears. At this point, the most important thing is not to panic, but to put on an oxygen mask and securely fasten it so that it does not fall off, even with a possible pitching or loss of consciousness. Know that the crew will immediately begin to correct the situation, and the aircraft will descend sharply until the pressure in the cabin and outside equalize, and then an emergency landing will be made at the nearest airport.
At the first sign of decompression, put on your oxygen mask and then help those around you.
Even if there is a child nearby, take care of yourself first, otherwise you may pass out and leave him without help.
Aircraft landing in strong side wind
It is not for nothing that flight attendants ask passengers to fasten their seat belts and raise their seat backs during takeoff and landing. The most unexpected accidents occur during these periods of flight.
First of all, you should not rely only on the instructions of the crew.
If you notice that the flight is going wrong (the plane is descending sharply, one of the engines has died down, or there is smoke in the cabin), buckle up, group up and get ready for an emergency landing, during which severe overloads are inevitable.
As soon as the plane stops, passengers will be evacuated. At this point, you should not succumb to panic, but you need to do everything as quickly as possible.
Hijacking
Cases of aircraft hijacking are extremely rare, however, they quickly become known to the whole world. And although the chance that the Moscow-Antalya flight will be hijacked is negligible, it is still better to know the basic rules of behavior and survival in such situations.
Do not stand out among other passengers, fulfill all the requirements of the criminals, and then the release groups.
Perform any action (going to the toilet, opening luggage) only after receiving permission.
During the assault, try to sit or lie down on the floor or hide behind the back of a chair, do not express your attitude towards the invaders and do not try to deal with them yourself.
After your release, be prepared for the fact that for the next few hours you will have to continuously answer questions from the police and law enforcement agencies. 
Water landing
IN emergency cases the plane can land on the water, but this does not mean that the victims are inevitable, since this is all aircraft prepared. The ship can stay afloat for up to 40 minutes, and during this time everyone has time to leave it. Besides, modern aircraft equipped with life jackets and life rafts that self-inflate in one minute.
Before departure, find out in which position the aircraft is kept afloat
- horizontally, with the tail or bow lowered into the water. Based on this, plan which exit you will need to move to.
After landing, start with the help of the stewards to launch self-inflating rafts.
If the raft does not start to inflate by itself, pull the handle of the air supply system located on the side of the raft.
Flying has long been a habit. Many people perceive it as an opportunity to sleep or watch a movie without thinking about the thousands of meters of emptiness under their feet. However, after learning about the situations that can periodically arise on board the aircraft, even the most resistant to aerophobia will panic. It is for this reason that the aircraft personnel do not tell us anything to the last.
1. The pilot lost consciousness
This situation is quite rare, but anything can happen. One pilot with ten years of experience once admitted that flying over Atlantic Ocean they fell into a zone of strong turbulence. By an unfortunate coincidence, at the moment when his partner was trying to sit in a chair, the plane shook violently, and he hit him with his elbow. The pilot lost consciousness for a while, but due to the fact that there are two people in the cockpit, the plane continued its flight calmly. Naturally, only the service personnel of the liner knew about what had happened at that moment, and the passengers were in happy ignorance.
2. Danger of collision with another liner
We, as passengers of an aircraft, are firmly convinced that collisions of aircraft in the air are impossible, thanks to the flight control center. But in fact, this danger occurs much more often than we think. One of the pilots, who preferred to remain anonymous, said that many times in his experience the planes approached each other very close. And twice he had to make a dangerous abrupt maneuver to avoid a collision. At this time, passengers thought they were in a zone of severe turbulence. However, according to the pilot, there are always several people in the cabin who suspect something is wrong and begin to ask the flight attendants what is happening.
3. Cabin in smoke
At this terrible moment, the pilots of the aircraft are in special oxygen masks so as not to lose consciousness from poisoning and almost always require permission to emergency landing. Meanwhile, in the cabin, no one has a clue about dangerous situation on board. One of the pilots of a British airline said that during this incident they also began to run out of fuel, and the instrument panel was not visible due to the smoke. Fortunately, everything worked out, but along the route, just in case, they asked emergency landing which was not needed.
4. Breakdowns
An airplane is a huge complex mechanism. And it is perfectly normal when something breaks in the mechanism. It is clear that failures are different. But in any case, passengers are not informed about this in order to avoid panic on board. One of the anonymous pilots said that once during the flight, just before landing, part of the aileron on the wing came off. It was an absolutely harmless breakdown, but the passengers were alarmed. After all, out of ignorance, you can think anything, and a dangling piece of iron on the wing can scare you very much.
5. Lightning
Everyone knows that modern aircraft are resistant to lightning strikes, and therefore there is no need to be afraid. In addition, it seems that the probability of lightning striking an aircraft is extremely low, but this is not the case. Every aircraft faces this situation at least once a year. Despite the safety during the flight, passengers are often very frightened, and there are noticeable traces of a lightning strike on the plane. In addition, there are often situations when, when flying through a cloud, the plane itself provokes the appearance of lightning, although without it they might not have happened. Much more dangerous is not lightning itself, but a bright flash from it, which can blind pilots for a long time, which turns into a serious obstacle to a safe flight. After all, pilots who have temporarily lost their sight may not be able to replace the vortex or vertical air flow, which is a real danger.
6. Side wind when landing
A strong side wind can become a real obstacle when landing an airplane. And, although pilots are trained to land the liner under such conditions, this does not guarantee a good outcome. At this moment, it is scary not only for passengers, who feel all the swaying and turning of the aircraft during resistance, but also for pilots, for whom it is important to keep the aircraft stable. Pilots assure that if the danger is too great, they will not land the plane in such conditions.
7. Birds
The photo looks very beautiful when the plane is shrouded in a flock of birds. But in fact, this situation is extremely dangerous. The plane flies at such great speed that even a small stone will smash the windshield and half the skull of the pilot, not to mention the bird. Most often, there is a risk of collision when the aircraft is landing and taking off at an altitude of up to 100 meters, especially if during this period the birds migrate and move in large flocks. However, catastrophes and accidents involving birds that threaten the lives of passengers are very rare.
From glancing nervously at the fuel gauge in an emergency to breaking a crew member's arm during turbulence, an experienced pilot has shared the things that scared him the most when flying. He also told what it is worth and what passengers should not be afraid of and how they should behave during an emergency.
Steve Landells, now 50, has been a pilot for 27 years civil aviation in 17 companies, including british airways. He now works as a safety officer for the British Airline Pilots Association.
In an interview with The Independent, he explained why controlling the amount of fuel left is so important. “Once we flew from Cairo to Heathrow, in control computers air traffic there was a failure on the ground,” says Landells.
“It turned out that not a single plane that was preparing to take off could take to the skies. Because of this, there was no place for landing arriving aircraft. Flights had to be diverted to other UK airports and even to Amsterdam. We were asked to stay in the air for four hours. We reported that there was not enough fuel, ”the pilot says.
When preparing for a flight, pilots calculate how much fuel they need in case of emergencies. The amount of fuel that is enough for the last half hour of the flight is called the last reserve, he says.
On that ill-fated day, ground services, fortunately, quickly orientated themselves and Landells' plane was given priority to land at one of the airports on British Isles. In his entire career, he never had to empty the tanks of an aircraft to a critical level.
But a pilot's biggest enemy, he says, is the weather. As cautionary tale for those who blatantly ignore the flight attendants' demand to fasten their seat belts, Landells recalls how a colleague broke his arm during severe turbulence while the plane was flying from Heathrow to Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. The shaking lasted only five seconds, but the injured crew member was not wearing his seatbelt.
“We can adjust the decision on departures based on the weather forecast, but turbulence cannot be predicted. You can learn about it only when you get into it, ”the pilot complains. Turbulence may not lead to a plane crash, he notes, but the risk of injury is very real.
But when lightning strikes a plane, people on board can see a strong flash, but this natural phenomenon, for all its spectacularity, is not dangerous for a flying plane.
The strange buzzing sounds on approach that cause some impressionable passengers to dig their white fingers into the armrests are usually just flaps extending.
Landells, who now flies as a passenger, says he listens carefully to the safety message before every flight: “If something happens, I want to know where the exit is right away, not look for it. I also always have credit card and a phone in your pocket - these things may be necessary if you have to urgently evacuate.
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It is easier to believe in magic than to understand how a person manages to lift a multi-ton iron bird into the sky. Ignorance breeds fear of the unknown. Therefore, many pilots and other airline employees are happy to tell what is really worth fearing and why airplanes are wonderful!
website chose 16 understandable answers to the most exciting and difficult questions that interest everyone who has seen an airplane at least once in their life.
16. How to get to the pilots if their door is locked from the inside?
There is a special code that the flight attendant dials to get into the cockpit. This is necessary for cases when, for example, both pilots have lost consciousness. The commander before the flight learns the code and informs the crew of it. After entering the code, the door will open within a minute, but only if the pilots take no action. If the pilot sees through a video camera that a non-crew member is standing at the door, then he completely blocks the door, and the attacker cannot get inside.
15. Are pilots allowed to wear bushy mustaches or piercings?
The beard, bushy mustache, piercings, and any other decorations and "growths" on the face prevent the pilot from using an oxygen mask, which must fit snugly over the face. Therefore, the pilot's face is always clean, sometimes a slight unshaven is allowed. Otherwise, a situation is created that endangers the lives of passengers.
14. What happens if all engines fail?
During each flight, the aircraft switches to a mode in which . If in a car with a manual transmission to shift the lever to neutral, going down the hill, it will be the same. Complete engine failure is extremely rare, and in this case there is a special instruction for restarting them.
But also without engines, the plane can land on a gliding descent. Most famous case happened to a Boeing 747 over Java in 1982, when the plane was caught in a cloud of dust from an erupting volcano and all 4 engines failed. The crew managed to land the plane at the nearest airport, and none of the 263 people was injured.
13. How long do oxygen masks last?
The oxygen level and pressure inside the aircraft are maintained artificially. If cabin depressurization occurs on high altitude, a person develops hypoxia: he loses consciousness and can die without an oxygen mask.
Oxygen. This time is enough for the pilot to lower the plane to a height where you can breathe normally. The pilot has his own stationary oxygen mask , designed for more time- to lower and even land the plane without losing concentration. Before each flight, pilots check the performance of their masks.
12. Do pilots sleep at the controls?
Approximately 56% of pilots accidentally fall asleep during the flight, although it is better to say they can doze off. Fortunately, modern aircraft operate almost all the time in autopilot mode, and controllers require constant feedback from pilots.
On long-haul flights, two crews or three pilots can work at once, replacing each other with a break for rest. The pilot, having worked his shift, sleeps in a special cabin. It is important that the crew is constantly in touch with the controllers and that at least one pilot controls the flight.
11. Why does the plane go around?
This . An aircraft may go-around for various reasons, such as runway some object or animal, a strong side wind is blowing, or the airport is temporarily closed for an urgent landing of a special aircraft.
Passengers are worried because the plane suddenly gains altitude before the long-awaited landing, but in fact everything is under control - this is the standard way of go-around.
10. What nationality does a child born on an airplane get?
Exists . This will be the passport.
- the country where the airline of the aircraft on which the birth took place is registered;
- the country over which he was born;
- country where the aircraft landed.
In most cases, in practice, the first option is obtained, but the decision is made by the airline, taking into account the current legislation. Some airlines give kids a bonus as a gift: the opportunity to fly free of charge on their planes anywhere in the world for life.
9. Can an airplane land on autopilot?
In modern aircraft, control systems guide the aircraft along the route from a height of 300 meters and almost to a full landing on runway. During landing, auto landing can be used, but the pilot needs to activate this mode and monitor it by setting certain landing configurations.
Already before a direct landing on the runway, the aircraft is directed by the course-glide path system: the airport radio beacon guides the aircraft, correcting its path. This system works even if the aircraft is completely de-energized.
8. Hard landing on water or on land - which is safer?
7. How do pilots eat during the flight?
For pilots, a separate menu is prepared with several dishes to choose from: if the commander wants chicken, then the co-pilot will get fish or meat for lunch. This The best way avoid poisoning with the same products. Pilots take turns eating, some right behind the wheel at special tables.
But there are airlines where this rule is not respected and pilots can get the same portion of food as passengers.
6. Why do pilots sometimes fly in the cabin with passengers?
Sometimes, as part of their work, pilots fly with passengers from one airport to another. If they are on board in uniform, then with passengers they will sleep, eat or watch movies with headphones. The sight of a pilot in uniform during such activities can be misleading and lead to panic among passengers. But more often, uniformed pilots fly in spare seats in the cockpit or in first class.
5. What is more terrible - crashing into a bird, getting hit by hail or getting struck by lightning?
Lightning often hits the plane, but the passengers do not even notice it. In extremely rare cases, this can lead to a blackout of the aircraft. In this case, the pilots have several instructions that literally reset the electronics on board, and the flight continues as usual.
Birds represent great danger than it seems. Entry into a fan or turbine can result in engine destruction, failure, and even fire. Not every windshield will survive
