The largest airliner. Passenger aircraft, which are the largest: dimensions and capacity
These giants plow the sky with ease and grace, and, looking at them from the ground, no one thinks that these steel birds are such a huge structure that the height of the tail of one of these liners - A-380 - is five giraffes, set Each other. The Airbus A-380 is the largest passenger aircraft in the world, but this article will not only be about it.
"Boeing 747"
Among passenger aircraft the maximum size is the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747. These are liners that can simultaneously carry more than five hundred passengers. In particular, the A380 is capable of lifting 853 passengers into the air. Before this giant Boeing aircraft The 70.6 meter long 747 and the 76.25 meter long Boeing 747-8 (the longest passenger aircraft) were the most spacious airliners in the world (the maximum number of simultaneously transported passengers reached 600 people). The Boeing 747-8 is more economical in terms of fuel consumption than the Boeing 747, which first flew on February 9, 1969. The designers originally planned a two-deck aircraft design, but upper deck was shortened due to technical problems. The Boeing 747 was the first airliner in the world to have two aisles between seats. This aircraft is certified to fly on three engines, and if one of the four fails, the vessel will fully take off, fly and land on the remaining three engines. Wherein cruising speed passenger aircraft "Boeing 747" is 913 km / h.
Giant A-380
The giant double-deck "Frenchman" - the A380 liner, the first copy of which rolled off the assembly line in 2005 - is the largest passenger aircraft in the history of world aviation. Indeed, its creators have something to be proud of - the cabin of the Airbus A380 accommodates 853 passengers. To date, more than 110 machines have already been built and put into operation. The monthly production of these liners is 2.5 cars. Today, these giants are used by 20 airlines, the most large fleet operated by Emirates Airlines.
The cruising speed of the passenger aircraft A380 reaches 1020 km/h. Each airliner consists of about four million individual parts and components, which are manufactured in thirty countries around the world by one and a half thousand manufacturing companies and delivered using a unique logistics system developed by Airbus, which includes a route by water, as well as by air and by road. Each landing gear can withstand a load of about 260 tons (200 cars). For comparison with its predecessor, the wing area of the A380 aircraft is equal to one and a half areas Boeing wing 747-400 and is 845 square meters.
The largest passenger aircraft in the world can be equipped with two types of quiet engines: either the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 or the Engine Alliance GP7000. At the same time, the A380 is the most economical airliner in its segment - fuel consumption for passenger transportation per 100 km with a cabin layout of 525 seats does not exceed three liters.
The dimensions of passenger aircraft are impressive, the cabin area of the A380 is 554 square meters. The liner has two decks - the main one, the width of which is a record high - 6.5 meters, and the upper one with a width of 5.8 meters.
An air volume of 1,500 cubic meters is replaced by an air conditioning system every three minutes; during the flight, there is pleasant silence in the cabin of the liner, the hum of turbines is almost inaudible.
Russia is proud of them
What does it offer us domestic aviation industry? The largest turboprop aircraft in the world is the Antonov An-22. Its length is about 60 meters, the flight speed is 580 km/h. The first liner was launched in 1965.
"That"
The legendary Tu-134 is a passenger airliner for flights over medium distances, up to 2800 meters. It is designed for a maximum of 96 seats, its cruising speed is 850 km / h at an altitude of 11000 m. The Tu-154 is a larger aircraft, 158 people are accommodated in the cabin of three classes, 180 in the economy class. The maximum flight speed of this liner is 950 km / h, and the Tu-154M modification is capable of covering distances up to 5200 km.
Tu-204 accommodates 214 passengers, and the cruising speed is slightly less than the previous "brother" - 850 km / h.
"su"
The Sukhoi Superjet-100 is not the largest passenger aircraft in the world, but it is famous for being the first Russian airliner designed using digital technologies. It is designed for flights up to 3,000 kilometers on lightly loaded airlines. Maximum amount passengers - 98 people.
"Il"
Speaking of domestic aircraft, one cannot fail to mention the Ilyushins. Russian passenger aircraft represented by this design bureau have several basic types that are well known to us. Let's talk about each of them in more detail.
Let's start with the simplest - the Il-62, an airliner that has been produced since 1971 and is designed for flights over medium distances - up to 10,000 kilometers. This aircraft can accommodate 198 passengers and five crew members. Its top speed at cruising altitude is 850 km/h.
As for the Il-86 aircraft, it is also designed for flights over medium distances, a cabin containing two classes can accommodate 234 passengers, if a three-class aircraft, then 314 people. At the same time, 11 flight attendants serve customers. Aircraft are equipped with twelve emergency ladders and all the necessary modern rescue systems. The cruising speed of the Il-86 is 950 km/h, the distances it flies do not exceed 5,000 kilometers, with a maximum flight duration of eight hours.
IL-96
Now about the largest representative of the Ilyushin family - the Il-96 airbus. It is designed for long distance flights. Three hundred people in economy class and 262 passengers in the cabin of three classes - this figure is practically the same as the previous described model of this family. The liner flies with a maximum cruising speed of 900 km/h and is capable of covering a distance of up to 12,100 km. Its improved "model" - Il-96M - accommodates a larger number of passengers - up to 435 people in a charter version.
Immediate perspective, or Domestic developments
To date, the largest Russian aircraft project is the Irkut MS-21. Within its framework, it is planned to produce short-medium-haul passenger liners. Now Irkut is developing and building, the first copies of the aircraft according to the plan will be certified in 2016, at the same time flight tests will begin. The start of mass-scale production of MS-21 is expected from 2017-2018. On Russian market passenger aircraft, these liners should replace the Tu-154 and Tu-204 and will be operated on domestic and international airlines.
The project is not developing the largest passenger aircraft in the world, but the family of airliners being created will include various aircraft of three types in terms of length and passenger capacity - 150, 180 and 210 seats. The lineup will include aircraft with extended range. The cruising altitude of the ship will be 11,600 kilometers, the speed that the liner will develop will be 870 km/h, the maximum fuselage length is 39.5 meters. The crew will consist of two people.
As for the progress of work, the base of the project is the Yak-242. The development of the new wing belongs to the company " Civil aircraft Sukhoi, fuselage work is carried out directly by the Irkut Corporation and the Yakovlev Design Bureau.
It is assumed that the new liners will be more economical due to the use of modern composite materials, as well as new generation engines. The aircraft will be equipped with Pratt & Whitney geared turbofan engines; in the future, it is possible to install domestic Perm PD-14 engines.
Since man was able to invent an airplane and take to the air, this industry has developed incredibly rapidly. Now the biggest passenger Boeing can accommodate almost a thousand people, which a few decades ago seemed simply impossible.
Dimensions and capacity of the largest passenger Boeing
The largest passenger Boeing is the Boeing 747. This aircraft has been holding its honorary title for several decades. The American aircraft began to operate in 1970, and since then it has been considered the largest and largest passenger aircraft.
The Boeing 747 lost its honorary title only in 2005, when the Airbus A380 aircraft was put into operation.
The capacity of the largest aircraft of the Boeing company is about seven hundred people, depending on the modification of the aircraft. Due to the huge popularity of this aircraft, Boeing hastened to release as many models as possible, distributing them around the world. In total, about 1500 of these giants were produced, each of which was in operation for several years.
Despite its huge size, the Boeing 747 is an example of the highest quality aircraft and complete thoughtful design. The length of the aircraft itself was originally 70.6 meters, and the wingspan was 59.6 meters. Now the length of the aircraft has increased up to 76 meters. Such a giant could reach speeds of up to 955 kilometers per hour, which in 1970 seemed unthinkable.
Since Boeing is constantly modifying its most famous model, maximum speed modern "Boeing 747" is 988 kilometers per hour.
Other large passenger aircraft of the world
The Airbus A380 is currently considered the largest passenger aircraft. The aircraft received its honorary status only in 2005, displacing the previous leader, the Boeing 747.
The capacity of the Airobus A380 is 852 passengers, which seems simply unthinkable. The passengers themselves are located on two decks in the salons of the highest class. Great Britain, Italy and France took part in the production of this aircraft. Another large aircraft from Airbus is the A340-600. This liner can accommodate a little less than 700 passengers, but is able to fly more than 14 thousand kilometers without additional refueling.
Boeing is also proud of the 777-300 ER. This model can accommodate up to 550 passengers. At the same time, the aircraft is the absolute record holder in terms of the duration of the flight without additional refueling. The aircraft can fly 21,000 kilometers non-stop, which is unattainable for any other air transport model.
The imposing dimensions of large aircraft of the world speak only about the ambitiousness of modern aircraft designers. Most likely, humanity will not stop there, and many more huge Boeings will appear in the world, striking not only with the quality of their equipment, but also with incredible, hitherto incomprehensible dimensions.
The giant double-deck airliner Airbus A380 is the largest passenger aircraft in the history of world aviation, its maximum capacity 853 passengers in a single-class layout. The first copy was handed over to the customer in 2007, more than 110 machines have been built to date! Today I want to show the A380 assembly line at the Toulouse factory, the scale and dimensions of what I saw are impressive ... Well, big plane- great photos in the report!
Many spotters, and not only them, consider the aircraft aesthetically unattractive. I categorically disagree with this statement, moreover, I consider it especially beautiful and elegantly heavy. The slowly taking off A380 is beautiful!
Now let's go to the factory...
This is the layout production capacity at the factory in the town of Balagnac near Toulouse, the orange one is the assembly shops of the A380.
Each A380 consists of approximately 4 million individual components and 2.5 million parts, manufactured by 1,500 companies in 30 countries
The main elements of the A380 fuselage cannot be transported by air, so they are transported by sea and by river on specially adapted barges, and then twice a month by car - this is called the "night convoy".
Especially for this Airbus aircraft developed a unique logistics system that involves sea, river, air and road transport. From the town of Lisle-Jourdain, about 30 km from Blagnac, at exactly 22:00, the night convoy begins to move at a speed of 15-20 km / h, so as not to interfere with traffic - six trailers, which accommodate all parts of the aircraft, depart in a two-hour way to the final point - the final assembly line in Blagnac.
Fuselage sections with a diameter of 7 meters are driven straight through the narrow streets of the town. But this is the only possible and most optimal point for delivering the elements of the liner to the plant.
At the first station, the fuselage sections are assembled and connected to each other
Then the wings and vertical stabilizer are mounted:
The wing area of the A380 is 845m2, which is 54% more than that of the Boeing 747-400!
And it's not just a tail... it's FIVE giraffes! :)
Preparation of engine pylons:
The aircraft is assembled, the passenger cabin and cockpit are being installed at the following positions:
Each of the main landing gear is capable of withstanding loads of up to 260 tons, which is equivalent to the weight of 200 Golf cars.
And finally, the last assembly station, where the installation of engines and passenger seats is carried out:
The A380 can be equipped with two types of engines: Rolls-Royce Trent 900 or Engine Alliance GP7000. Only two of four engines equipped with thrust reversers.
Noise reduction was an important requirement in the design of the A380, which was partly reflected in the design of the engines. Both engine types allow the aircraft to meet the QC/2 departure and QC/0.5 arrival noise limits set by London Heathrow Airport.
The A380 is the most economical aircraft in its category. This is the only long-haul airliner that consumes less than 3 liters of fuel to transport a passenger per 100 km (typical layout of 525 seats)
total area cabin A380 - 554 m2. Two full decks: the main deck is the widest passenger compartment in the world (6.5 m); upper deck - full saloon wide-body aircraft(5.8 m). The air conditioning system of the aircraft is equipped with the most modern filters that provide uniform air supply to all parts of the aircraft. The air in the aircraft cabin (volume 1570 m3) is completely replaced every three minutes! The A380 has the quietest passenger cabin in the history of world aviation, I was convinced of this personally on the way from Frankfurt to Singapore.
This A380 is expected to be handed over to a private customer. And behind it, the A300B is the first aircraft produced by Airbus. This plane made a coup in civil aviation 70s, becoming the first wide-body twin-engine aircraft.
The circular structure on the right is the static engine test area, with barriers around the circle that limit the distribution of the sound wave.
To date, more than 110 A380 aircraft have been produced, and an average of 2.5 aircraft are produced and handed over to customers every month. The order backlog is 160 more boards! IN this moment The A380 is operated by 20 airlines.
Here are some interesting B777/B747 replacement statistics on some flights:
And the occupancy of the A380 is also not lower than 80%:
Emirates has the largest A380 fleet:
Five A380s were built for demonstration and testing purposes. The first A380, serial number MSN001 and registration F-WWOW, was presented at a ceremony in Toulouse on January 18, 2005, and first flew on April 27, 2005. Here is the very first A380:
Assembly shops of the Airbus plant can be visited by everyone! 2-3 hour tours are organized both in Hamburg and Toulouse at a cost of 10-15 euros. Reservation is required (!) especially if it is important to get into a group with an English-speaking guide, read the links for additional and current conditions.
Today, not a single person can imagine life without the existence of aircraft, and in fact, before people could only dream of flying in the sky. Thanks to the colossal work done by scientists and design engineers with different corners planet, the world got acquainted with the first aircraft. And on October 25, 2007, it went into operation Airbus A380- the largest passenger aircraft in the world, the photo of which to some extent reflects the real size of the giant.
We will not dwell on one model, but will introduce you to other airliners capable of carrying a considerable number of passengers on board.
Introduced in 2005, the Airbus A380-800 supplanted the 36-year-old aviation giant, the Boeing 747.
Technical specifications:
- Vessel length: 73 m
- Passenger capacity: 525 people
- Wingspan: 79.75 m
- Wing area: 845 sq. m
- Height: 24.09 m
- Weight: 280 tons
- Maximum speed: 1020 km/h
- Takeoff run: 2050 meters
The development of Airbus had to spend one decade and 12 billion euros. Maximum distance traveled aircraft without in-flight refueling, is 15,400 km. In terms of the amount of fuel used, the Airbus A380-800 is much more economical than others aircraft such a class.
It was possible to reduce fuel consumption thanks to the correctly designed shape of the wing and fuselage. To achieve such accuracy in Japan, milling machines used in the manufacture of aircraft were specially developed. It takes 3 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers for three passengers.
Despite large capacity Airbus compared to the Boeing 747, its production is 15 percent cheaper. For the first time, the air giant began to be operated by Singapore's national airline, Singapore Airlines, serving the Singapore-Sydney route.
Boeing 747-8
In 2005, in the American corporation " Boeing Company, another modification of the passenger aircraft appeared - the Boeing 747-8. The main differences from previous liners are an elongated hull and economy. By changing the deviation of the wing in plan from perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and reducing its thickness, the manufacturers managed to improve the quality of aerodynamics. Thanks to this shape of the wing, fuel consumption has decreased.
Boeing 747-8
This modification was preferred by the governments of 19 states, using the liner for flights by the country's top leaders.
At 76.25 meters long, the Boeing 747-8 is the largest commercial aircraft built in the United States of America. In addition, the Boeing 747-8 is the leader in orders for VIP versions, which are intended for politicians in government.
The largest passenger aircraft in history is the Hughes H-4 Hercules. The giant received this title in 1947. Against the background of the flying "machines" of that period, the Hughes H-4 Hercules stood out with a 98-meter distance between the edges of the wings, due to which this modification was considered the most wide-body.
In total, 2 aircraft of this type were produced, today only one remains. The Hughes H-4 Hercules aircraft with a capacity of 750 passengers was brought to the Long Beach Museum in 1993, where it is still located. Large quantity no person was transported on any aircraft in one flight.
The Boeing 777-300ER passenger aircraft, designed in 1990, can fly 20,000 km without in-flight refueling. A test flight took place in 1994.
The Boeing 777-300ER is the first passenger aircraft to be designed using virtual computer assembly rather than paper drawings. Thanks to new computer technologies, or rather the program for creating three-dimensional models CATIA, it was possible to avoid common mistakes connections not during production, but at the design stage.
The liner is equipped with the most powerful bypass turbojet engines with a high bypass ratio and is equipped with additional fuel storage tanks. The introduction of such a modification reduced fuel consumption by 1.4 percent. On board the liner, 305-550 passengers can fly at the same time.
by the most big liner, produced in Russia, is recognized as IL-96M with a capacity of 435 passengers. Its design was carried out by domestic and Western companies. The aircraft model was exhibited more than once at specialized air shows, but mass production has not yet begun. In 2009, the aircraft was destroyed due to wear and tear.
An aircraft with a length of 63.7 m and a capacity of 400 people holds the absolute world flight record on one serviceable engine. In 2003, in the month of March, after the failure of one of the engines, the airliner flew 2 hours 57 minutes with 255 passengers. Despite the appearance of improved quality modifications, the Boeing 777-200 EP is still in demand. There are more than 400 aircraft of this modification in the world.
The Airbus A340-600 aircraft is one of the long-haul liners. At one gas station, he is able to cover a distance of 14,800 kilometers. The Airbus A340-600 has been in operation on international and intercontinental lines since 2002. The capacity of the aircraft with a length of 75 meters and a wingspan of 63.5 meters is 380 people.
A total of 97 Airbus A340-600 models were assembled. In 2011, the production of the liner in series ceased.
The wingspan of the Russian aircraft "Ruslan" reaches 73 meters with a length of 69 meters. The main difference between the aircraft is a colossal cargo compartment with a volume of 1050 cubic meters. meters. The aircraft with a cruising speed of 850 km / h was used for cargo transportation (carrying capacity - 120 tons), if necessary, military personnel could be transported on it. The flight life of the An-124 model does not exceed 45 years.
The military model aircraft Lockheed C-5 "Galaxy" is also worthy of competing for the title of the largest passenger aircraft. The liner was used both to transport people and goods. On board the aircraft, 270 military personnel can simultaneously fly, in addition, if necessary, you can equip the car with additional passenger seats in the amount of 75 units. Due to its impressive size (the length of the vessel is 75.5 meters, the width is 68 meters), the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy was classified as a giant aircraft.
Without refueling, the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy covers a distance of 5,600 kilometers at a speed of 920 km/h. Max Height, which the giant climbed, is 10,100 meters.
From the moment the first passenger was taken on board to the appearance of spacious airliners, 60 years have passed. And today we can no longer be surprised either by huge aircraft with excellent flight characteristics, or transcontinental flights, or many hours of travel on airliners.
To increase the efficiency of flights by reducing the cost of services, the largest passenger aircraft in the world, accommodating several hundred people, are called upon. giant liners superior comfort, are able to cover huge distances without refueling, thanks to the large fuel tanks. High load capacity makes it easy to transport a large number baggage.
The model replaced the outdated version of the A300, which consumed too much fuel and had a small capacity. The new modification is capable of simultaneously lifting 295 people into the air, and is categorized wide-body airliners. The length of the car reaches 59 meters, and its width is 63 meters. The maximum flight range with a full load does not exceed 10,500 m. The cruising speed reaches 870 km/h. Maximum takeoff weight 233 tons, and a wingspan of 60.3 meters. Fuel tanks are designed for 97,000 liters of fuel.
Of course, not the largest passenger aircraft in the world, but one of the most sought-after airliners from airlines. Operation began in 1995, the machine has proven to be highly reliable. Modification 777-200LR, capable of performing the longest non-stop flights. It was this model that was first developed without the use of traditional paper drawings, but only with the use of 3D computer graphics. The airliner is capable of overcoming 17,000 km without landing at a cruising speed of 905 km/h. The car simultaneously transports 301 passengers, and its wingspan is 64.8 meters.
The upgraded version rightfully entered the rating of the largest passenger aircraft in the world, thanks to the ability to carry up to 467 people. The airliner covers a maximum distance of 15,000 km and is in fact considered the longest aircraft on Earth. The machine differs from its worthy predecessors in an elongated fuselage. Engineers installed new motors, wings and an onboard system. The set of updates made it possible to make the liner much quieter and more economical. international name new version- Intercontinental.
One of the largest passenger aircraft in the world began to operate in 2002. The modification differs from its predecessor in larger fuel tanks and motors with increased power. Serial production of the model was stopped in 2011, in total the company produced 97 such liners. The wingspan is 63.5 m, and the maximum capacity reaches 440 seats. The airliner is capable of overcoming 14,800 km without refueling, moving luggage and passengers with a total weight of 373 tons. The area of \u200b\u200bthe giant's wings is 437 meters. Despite being discontinued, the cars continue to successfully carry passengers around the world.
Hit the list of the largest passenger aircraft in the world and Boeing 777-300ER. The airliner is recognized as the largest aircraft with 2 engines designed for civil aviation. The modification differs from the previous version 777-200 in a longer fuselage, which allows accommodating up to 550 passengers in the cabin. Version 777-300ER is not considered basic and has been in operation since 2004. The advantage of the model lies in the increased flight range. Moving at a cruising speed of 905 km/h, the vehicle is capable of covering 14,600 km without additional refueling, carrying up to 68,500 tons of commercial cargo.
It turned out to be in the ranking of the largest passenger aircraft in the world and a military copy capable of transporting both people and cargo. The liner is capable of transporting 270 military personnel and can be equipped with standard passenger seats - 75 units. Carry the car to the category of giants, allowed its impressive size. The aircraft is 75.5 meters long and 68 meters wide. The aircraft can cover 5,600 km without refueling at a speed of 920 km/h. The maximum height gained by the giant reaches 10 km.
The Russian Ruslan is rightfully considered one of the largest passenger aircraft in the world, because its wingspan reaches 73 meters and its length is 69 meters. The machine stands out colossal cargo compartment, reaching a volume of 1050 m 3. The maximum range of the liner does not exceed 7,500 km, and its cruising speed is 850 km/h. The machine is mainly used for the transport of goods, but is capable of transporting military personnel. The total carrying capacity of the modification reaches 120 tons. The flight resource does not exceed 45 years.
Since 2007, the largest passenger aircraft in the world has been considered the Airbus A380, first bought by Singapore Airlines. The airliner flies all over the world and has an incredible level of comfort. The car is capable of transporting 555 people, but if desired, the number of passengers is increased to 700. The double-deck cabin is equipped with sleeping cabins, there are also recreation areas, there are spiral staircases and comfortable bars. The wingspan of the aircraft is 80 meters, and the area reaches 845 m 2. Only 4 Rolls-Royce engines can lift a car into the air.
Historically, the largest passenger aircraft in the world was recognized in 1947 by the Hughes H-4 Hercules. The model stood out with a fantastic wingspan of up to 98 meters, due to which the modification was recognized as the most wide-body. Two machines of this type were made, but only one now exists. The car moved 750 troops and is now in the Long Beach Museum Fund, where it was moved in 1993. More passengers have not been transported by any aircraft in history.
Perhaps the largest passenger aircraft in the world at the moment is the Mriya. Initially, the project was developed as a cargo one and was used in the transportation of the Buran spacecraft. Subsequently, the Ukrainian company "Antonov" adapted the vessel to commercial needs. The wingspan of the giant is 88 m, and its length reaches 73 meters. The airliner set several records for carrying capacity. Now it exists in a single copy and is operated by Antonov Airlines. The airliner has proven itself reliably in practice.
